Chapter 4: Congruent Triangles
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1 Name: Chapter 4: Congruent Triangles Guided Notes Geometry Fall Semester
2 4.1 Apply Triangle Sum Properties CH. 4 Guided Notes, page 2 Term Definition Example triangle polygon sides vertices Classifying Triangles by Sides scalene triangle isosceles triangle equilateral triangle
3 Classifying Triangles by Angles CH. 4 Guided Notes, page 3 acute triangle obtuse triangle right triangle equiangular triangle interior angles exterior angles Theorem 4.1 Triangle Sum Theorem The sum of the measures of the interior angles of a triangle is 180. auxiliary lines Theorem 4.2 Exterior Angle Theorem The measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of the measures of the two nonadjacent interior angles. corollary to a theorem Corollary to the Triangle Sum Theorem The acute angles of a right triangle are complementary.
4 Examples: CH. 4 Guided Notes, page 4 Use the diagram at right for examples 1 and Classify!RST by its sides. (Use the distance formula) 2. Determine if!rst is a right triangle. 3. Use the diagram at the right to find the measure of!dcb. 4. The front face of the wheelchair ramp shown forms a right angle. The measure of one acute angle is eight times the measure of the other. Find the measure of each acute angle.
5 4.2 Apply Congruence and Triangles CH. 4 Guided Notes, page 5 Term Definition Example congruent figures corresponding parts Theorem 4.3 Third Angles Theorem Reflexive Property of Congruent Triangles Symmetric Property of Congruent Triangles Transitive Property of Congruent Triangles If two angles of one triangle are congruent to two angles of another triangle, then the third angles are also congruent. Properties of Congruent Triangles Theorem 4.4 Properties of Congruent Triangles For any triangle ABC, If If then! ABC "! ABC.! ABC "! DEF, then DEF "! ABC!.! ABC "! DEF and DEF "! JKL! ABC "! JKL.!, Examples: 1. Write a congruence statement for the triangles. Identify all pairs of congruent, corresponding parts.
6 2. In the diagram, QRST! WXYZ. CH. 4 Guided Notes, page 6 a). Find the value of x. b). Find the value of y. 4. Find m!v.
7 5. CH. 4 Guided Notes, page 7
8 4.3 Prove Triangles Congruent by SSS CH. 4 Guided Notes, page 8 Term Definition Example Postulate 19 Side-Side-Side (SSS) Congruence Postulate If three sides of one triangle are congruent to three sides of a second triangle, then the two triangles are congruent. Examples: 1. Write a paragraph proof. Given: FJ! HJ Point G is the midpoint of FH Prove:!FGJ "!HGJ 2. Determine whether!pqr is congruent to the other triangles shown at right.
9 CH. 4 Guided Notes, page Prove Triangles Congruent by SAS and HL Term Definition Example included angle Postulate 20 Side-Angle- Side (SAS) Congruence Postulate right triangles If two sides and the included angle of one triangle are congruent to two sides and the included angle of a second triangle, then the two triangles are congruent. 1. legs- 2. hypotenuse- 3. side opposite- 4. sides adjacent- Theorem 4.5 Hypotenuse-Leg (HL) Congruence Theorem If the hypotenuse and a leg of a right triangle are congruent to the hypotenuse and a leg of a second right triangle, then the two triangles are congruent. Examples: 1. Given: JN! LN, KN! MN Prove:!JKN "!LMN
10 CH. 4 Guided Notes, page In the diagram ABCD is a rectangle. What can you conclude about!abc and!cda. 3. Given: AC! EC, AB!BD, ED!BD AC is a bisector of BD Prove:!ABC "!EDC Statements Reasons 1. AC! EC 1. Given 2. AB!BD, ED!BD 2. Given 3. 3.! " rt.#s rt!s " rt#s 5. AC is a bisector of BD Seg bisector!" segs 7.!ABC "!EDC 7.
11 CH. 4 Guided Notes, page The entrance to a ranch has a rectangular gate as shown in the diagram. You know that!afc "!EFC. What postulate or theorem can you use to conclude that!abc "!EDC?
12 CH. 4 Guided Notes, page Prove Triangles Congruent by ASA and AAS Term Definition Example included side Postulate 21 Angle-Side-Angle (ASA) Congruence Postulate Theorem 4.6 Angle-Angle-Side (AAS) Congruence Theorem If two angles and the included side of one triangle are congruent to two angles and the included side of a second triangle, then the triangles are congruent. If two angles and a non-included side of one triangle are congruent to two angles and a non-included side of a second triangle, then the two triangles are congruent. flow proof Examples: 1. Can the following triangles be proven congruent with the information given in the diagram? If so, state the postulate or theorem you would use. a). b) c)
13 CH. 4 Guided Notes, page In the diagram, CF bisects!ace and!bfd. Write a flow proof to show!cbf "!CDF. 3. You and a friend are trying to find a flag hidden in the woods. Your friend is standing 75 feet away from you. When facing each other, the angle from you to the flag is 72, and the angle from your friend to the flag is 53. Is there enough information to locate the flag?
14 CH. 4 Guided Notes, page You are working two spotlights for a play. Two actors are standing apart from each other on the edge of the stage. The spotlights are located and pointed as shown in the diagram. Can one of the actors move without requiring the spotlight to move and without changing the distance between the other actor?
15 4.6 Use Congruent Triangles CH. 4 Guided Notes, page 15 Term Definition Example congruent triangles Definition of Congruent Triangles (CPCTC) Two triangles are congruent if and only if their corresponding parts are congruent. This is also known as the Corresponding Parts of Congruent Triangles are Congruent Theorem. To show that a pair of corresponding parts of two triangles are congruent: 1. Prove the two triangles are congruent. 2. Use the definition of congruent triangles (CPCTC) to show the corresponding parts are congruent. What can we say about SSA and AAA? SSA SSA cannot be used as a proof of congruent triangles. See page 247. AAA AAA cannot be used as a proof of congruent triangles. AAA only proves the two triangles to be similar. Examples: 1. Given:!1"!2, AB! DE Prove: DC! AC
16 2. Given:!SPT "!RQT, TS! TR Prove: PR! QS CH. 4 Guided Notes, page 16
17 CH. 4 Guided Notes, page Use Isosceles and Equilateral Triangles Term Definition Example 4 Vertex Angle parts of an isosceles triangle 5 Legs 6 Base 7 Base Angles Theorem 4.7 Base Angles Theorem Theorem 4.8 Converse of Base Angles Theorem Corollary to the Base Angles Theorem Corollary to the Converse of Base Angles Theorem If two sides of a triangle are congruent, then the angles opposite them are congruent. If two angles of a triangle are congruent, then the sides opposite them are congruent. If a triangle is equilateral, then it is equiangular. If a triangle is equiangular, then it is equilateral. Examples: 1. In!FGH, FH! GH. Name two congruent angles.
18 2. Find the measures of!r,!s, and!t. CH. 4 Guided Notes, page Find the values of x and y in the diagram.
19 4.8 Perform Congruence Transformations CH. 4 Guided Notes, page 19 Term Definition Example transformation image translation Coordinate Notation for a Translation reflection line of reflection Coordinate Notation for a Reflection in the x-axis Coordinate Notation for a Reflection in the y-axis Coordinate Notation for a Reflection in the line y = x rotation
20 CH. 4 Guided Notes, page 20 center (point) of rotation 1. Clockwise direction of rotation 2. Counterclockwise angle of rotation congruence transformation
21 Examples: CH. 4 Guided Notes, page Name the type of transformation described in each picture. 2. Figure ABCD has the vertices A(1,2), B(3, 3),C(4,!1), D(1,!2). Sketch ABCD and its image after the translation (x, y)! (x " 4, y + 2). (x, y)! (x " 4, y + 2) A(1,2)! B(3, 3)! C(4,"1)! D(1,"2)!
22 2. Reflect this figure in the x axis. CH. 4 Guided Notes, page 22 Original Point Reflected Point 3. Graph JK and LM. Tell whether LM is a rotation of JK about the origin. If so, give the angle and direction of rotation. a. J(3,1), K(1,4), L(!1,3), M(!4,1) b. J(!2,1), K(!1,5), L(1,1), M(2,5)
Name: Chapter 4 Guided Notes: Congruent Triangles. Chapter Start Date: Chapter End Date: Test Day/Date: Geometry Fall Semester
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