Effect of feeding Bacillus-based probiotic on growth performance and health of broilers. Dr. Girish Channarayapatna Evonik Industries, Singapore

Transcription

1 Effect of feeding Bacillus-based probiotic on growth performance and health of broilers Dr. Girish Channarayapatna Evonik Industries, Singapore

2 Significance of gut Barrier to ingested chemicals, feed contaminants and pathogens Absorption of nutrients and water Components : physical, chemical, immunological and microbiological Intestine is the largest immune organ Gut microbes perform functions such as: nutrient digestion and absorption gut health and integrity competitive exclusion of pathogens immunomodulation

3 Development of the microflora Lactobacilli and Enterococci dominate the crop, duodenum and ileum & Coliforms, Lactobacilli and Enterococci dominate the caeca The microbial community starts to stabilize indicated by the stable bacterial fermentation The GIT is sterile Lactobacilli dominate the crop, duodenum and ileum anaerobic bacteria dominate the caeca Unstable micro flora Hatch 1 week 2 weeks 3 weeks

4 Microbes in GIT Under commercial rearing conditions birds are exposed to more stressful situations like transportation, vaccination, high flock density, and heat stress, (Beneficial bacteria) Balance Imbalance (Pathogenic bacteria) Lactobacillus sp, Bifidobacteria, etc E.coli, Listeria sp, Salmonella, etc

5 Probiotic concept Gastrointestinal diseases contribute to significant financial losses due to, reduced growth compromised immune system severe mortality, and contamination of animal products for human consumption AGPs have been used to prevent the adverse effects More interest in eliminating use of AGP in poultry production. Alternative approach: Probiotic microorganisms

6 Probiotics Mode of Action? 1. Competitive exclusion of pathogens 2. Improved immune status: production of antibacterial defensins, and mucin 3. Maintain epithelial integrity and barrier function 4. Nutritional effects: Production of enzymes Production of vitamin B 12 and K O Toole and Cooney, (2008)

7 Probiotic genus in brief LAB - Lactic acid bacteria (G + ) Play a prominent role in the world food supply Belong to the normal intestinal microflora Sensitive to heat, humidity, antibiotics and oxygen Yeast Unicellular fungi ( x size of bacteria) Cell wall structure comprise β-glucans ~ immune stimulants Sensitive to heat Bacillus sp. (G + ) found in soil and marine sediments Spore formers In-feed stable; Survive stomach transit Germinate and multiply in the intestine; attach to mucus Tolerant to heat, pressure, ph, coccidiostats & antibiotics

8 Bacillus subtilis (DSM 17299) DSM Not all Bacillus subtilis are the same: Different enzyme activity Different activity against other bacteria Different level of activity

9 Excellent recovery of viable spores after pelletizing In-feed stable Pelletizing study on selected probiotic strains on the market Pelletized at 85 C, 30 sec.: Bioteknologisk Institut, Denmark Microbiological analysis: LUFA ITL-GmbH, Germany Sample ID Meal feed (before heat treat.) CFU/g Pellet feed CFU/g Recover after pelleting, % L.farcimis 3.1X10 4 < 10 <1 LAB P.acidilactici 3.6X X E.faecium 8.5X X Yeast Bacillus S.cerevisiae 8.0X X10 4 <1 B. licheniformis 1.2X X Bacillus subtilis 1.2X X

10 Excellent recovery of viable spores after pelleting Location: Danish Technological Institute, Denmark (research feed mill) Feed composition: Standard chicken feed Meal temperature: 95 C ( C) Cooling time: 15 minutes 1.40E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E+00 Meal Feed Pelletized Feed 0.00E+00 Meal Feed Pelletized Feed 92% Recovery 100% Recovery

11 Uludag University, Turkey 2 treatment groups (Control and Bacillus subtilis based probiotic ) 300 one-day-old Ross 308 chickens (8 rep/treat; 18 birds/rep) Trial duration was 42 days Control Bacillus subtilis P value BWG (g) <0.05 Feed intake (g) <0.001 FCR (g/g) <0.001 Carcass weight (g) <0.005

12 Institute for Small Animal Research, Hungary 2 groups; Control and Bacillus subtilis diet 560 mixed sex, Ross 308 chickens; 0-42 days 135 g g Bacillus subtilis probiotic should be used over the entire life cycle to achieve maximum benefit

13 Bacillus subtilis: Consistent performance A total of 18 performance trials Graph shows relative improvement compared to a control group % Equals to improvement in WG from 2500 to 2580 g Weight gain Feed conversion ratio % % Equals to improvement in FCR from 1.91 to Bacillus subtilis improves FCR by 3.2% and weight gain by 2.9% in average

14 Bacillus subtilis vs AGP Universidade Federal de Vicosa, Brazil Total 504 male Cobb 3 groups, 8 replicates of 21 birds/rep. Experimental period day 1 to 42 Corn, soy diet with salinomycin (55 ppm) Weight gain (g) 0-42d FCR 0-42d 2 % 2 %

15 Ileal digestibility coefficients Bacillus subtilis probiotic improves feed digestibility Location:University of Vicosa, Brazil 80 Cobb male broiler chickens; 2 treatments; 8 replicates & 5 birds/cage The birds were in metabolic cages from day 26 to day 37 The last 5 days were collection period.

16 Bacillus subtilis probiotic increases villi height Study conducted at the University of Arkansas 960 Cobb birds; 16 reps/group; 20 birds/rep Trial duration: 42 days Ileum *BMD = Bacitracin Methylene Disalicylate

17 Bacillus subtilis modulates the intestinal micro flora 2 groups: -/+ Bacillus subtilis; 3000 birds, 6 pens/group; 3 birds/pen selected d 35 Ileal digesta samples: Dice coefficient analysis of the ileal profiles from control birds and birds fed Bacillus subtilis Bacillus subtilis Conclusion More diverse and complex bacteria composition in the gut High numbers of Lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus salivarius ; reduce Salmonella and E. coli Lactobacillus paracasei ;Stimulate the immune system Knarreborg et al. (2008); Int.J. Probiotics & Prebiotics, 32, 83-88

18 Bacillus subtilis reduces Salmonella Minnesota Universidade Federal do Parana, Brazil 3 groups, 60 one day-old male Cobb Experimental period day 1 to 35 Corn-soy diet Challenged w. Salmonella Minnesota at day 17 (10 8 CFU/bird) Salmonella in swab samples (log 10 CFU/g) Salmonella in ceca samples (log 10 CFU/g) 3.3 log 2.7 log

19 Bacillus subtilis reduces Salmonella Heidelberg Southern Poultry Research Inc., USA 3 groups male Cobb Experimental period day 1 to 42 Corn-soy diet with monensin (90 ppm) Challenged w. Salmonella Heidelberg at day 1 (7.5 x 10 4 CFU/bird) Environmental swab samples (%) Salmonella count in ceca samples, log 10 CFU/g Knap et al. (2011) Poult Sci, 90 :

20 Bacillus subtilis reduces Campylobacter jejuni Southern Poultry Research Inc., USA 2 groups 128 male Cobb broilers Experimental period day 1 to 42 Corn-soy based diet, non-medicated +/- Bacillus subtilis probiotic At day 22 the ileal and caecal sacs were removed and DNA was extracted and was analyzed by Real-time PCR Control Bacillus subtilis Caecum 4.10E+07 a 2.10E+07 b Ileum 9.30E E+03

21 Recent studies in South Asia 21

22 Univ. of Gadjah Mada, Indonesia (2013) 2 groups: Basal control and basal diet + Bacillus subtilis (500 grams/mt) 120 Cobb male broilers (6 replications x 10 birds) Duration: 0-42 d Control Bacillus subtilis Difference, % BWG (g) FCR (g/g) Dressing, % Abdominal fat, % Water holding capacity, % Cooking loss, %

23 Bangladesh Agriculture University (2012) Three treatments : (1). Negative control (No AGP); (2). NC + Lincomycin 2.2% (150 g/mt); (3). NC + Bacillus subtilis (500 g/mt) 525 day-old mixed sex Cobb 500 broilers (5 replicates x 35 birds/ rep) Floor pen experiment; growth phases included: starter (1-21d) and grower (22-35d) Temperature /Relative humidity: C/ %

24 Sri Ramadhoota Poultry Research Farm, India (2013) 3 groups: (1) Control; (2) BMD (200g/T); (3) Bacillus subtilis (500g/T) 360 day-old male Cobb broilers (6 replicates x 20 birds/ rep) Growth phases: starter, grower and finisher Duration: 42 days

25 Universiti Putra Malaysia (2013) Diets: (1) Control; (2) Control + AGP; (3) Control + Bacillus subtilis (*AGP = combination of oxytetracyclin and neomycin at conc. of 100 ppm (w/w)) 360 Cobb male broilers (6 rep/treat; 20 birds/rep), 0-42 d of age Housing and growth phase: Open house-floor pen; 0-21 d (starter) and d (grower) Parameters: Growth, fecal microbial counts and intestinal morphology

26 Fecal microbial counts (UPM, 2013) Diets: (1) Control; (2) Control + AGP; (3) Control + Bacillus subtilis (*AGP = combination of oxytetracyclin and neomycin at conc. of 100 ppm (w/w)) 360 Cobb male broilers (6 rep/treat; 20 birds/rep), 0-42 d of age Housing and growth phase: Open house-floor pen; 0-21 d (starter) and d (grower) Parameters: Growth, fecal microbial counts and intestinal morphology

27 Intestinal morphology (UPM, 2013) Diets: (1) Control; (2) Control + AGP; (3) Control + Bacillus subtilis (*AGP = combination of oxytetracyclin and neomycin at conc. of 100 ppm (w/w)) 360 Cobb male broilers (6 rep/treat; 20 birds/rep), 0-42 d of age Housing and growth phase: Open house-floor pen; 0-21 d (starter) and d (grower) Parameters: Growth, fecal microbial counts and intestinal morphology

28 Feeding probiotic would result in more balanced microflora in the GIT (Beneficial bacteria) Balance (Pathogenic bacteria) Lactobacillus sp, Bifidobacteria, etc E.coli, Listeria sp, Salmonella, etc

29 Conclusions Data suggest that Bacillus-based probiotic can improve growth performance of broiler chickens which can be attributed to improved nutrient digestibility and absorption. Bacillus-based probiotic positively impacts intestinal health of poultry by reducing the growth of pathogenic microorganisms leading to less condemnations and increased carcass value. Thus Bacillus-based probiotic is a viable alternative to AGPs and can improve the production efficiency of poultry.