The role of forest biodiversity in the sustainable use of ecosystem goods and services in agriculture, agro-forestry, and forestry
|
|
- Bruno Rice
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 The role of forest biodiversity in the sustainable use of ecosystem goods and services in agriculture, agro-forestry, and forestry Ian Thompson (et al.) Canadian Forest Service Great lakes Forest Research Centre December, 2010
2 Some background information this presentation is from an OECD funded symposium held in Tokyo, April 2010 organizers: - Dr. Kimiko Okabe, Japanese Forest and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), and - Dr. Ian Thompson, Canadian Forest Service 18 presentations over 2 days >200 attendees published as an FFPRI research report and on their website summary paper ready for submission to BioScience
3 Ecosystem goods and services from the MEA
4 Sustainable vs. unsustainable management and the concept of thresholds
5 Resilience is the capacity of an ecosystem to recover after major disturbance Reorganization of functional species Stable mature forest state Disturbance
6 Ecosystem state Stability of an ecosystem is a concept related to resistance to change Stability within bounds = no recognizable major changes in vegetation community over time System is resistant to change over time time
7 Resilience is an emergent ecosystem property resilience of a system is a function of biodiversity at many scales: genes, species, and regional diversity among ecosystems biodiversity underpins ecosystem resilience and the ecological goods and services from ecosystems loss of biodiversity may alter the ecosystem resilience and will result in reduced goods and services loss of resilience means increased uncertainty about future ecosystem condition
8 Thresholds exist where the resilience capacity is overcome and the system moves to a new state that will differ in appearance and services e.g., if a forest becomes dry, it loses species, is subject to increased frequency of fire, and moves to a savannah or grassland state this new state is stable and will require considerable change to move to another state the forest biodiversity has been lost and so have most of the goods and services from the ecosystem Tropical dry forest Drier climate savannah
9 Two examples of invasive species forming highly resilient but highly degraded ecosystems Removing invasive acacia forest in California Invasive black wattle (Acacia mearnsii) in South Africa - a very stable and resilient system
10 Biodiversity continues to be lost: we did not meet the CBD 2010 target MSA = mean species abundance
11 Change of Land Use (area coverage) across all biomes Global Total (TEEB, 2010) Actual Difference Area million km2 million km to 2050 Natural areas % Bare natural % Forest managed % Extensive agriculture % Intensive agriculture % Woody biofuels % Cultivated grazing % Artificial surfaces % World Total Natural areas loss is 7.5m M km2 - broadly equivalent to the area of the Australia. Losses: 11 natural, bare natural areas & extensive agriculture broadly equals the USA
12 Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning Literature summaries of studies on the effect of biodiversity loss on ecosystem function: Schlapfer and Schmid 1999 Cardinale et al Balvanera et al Thompson et al effect 19/23 108/ /771 30/35 No effect 4/23 0/ /771 5/25 various ecosystems, various measures shapes of curves differ among response variables (primary production, C storage, transpiration, etc.) depended on number of species removed effects are strongest at the community level
13 Functional species in ecosystems functional species play disproportionately important roles in ecosystem pollination: many insects, some birds, some bats pest reduction: many birds, many bats, predatory insects decomposition: insects, fungi, micro-organisms
14 Functional redundancy - insurance hypothesis from: Walker (1995); Yachi and Loreau (1999); others hypothesis: multiple species perform the same function in many ecosystems loss of one species results in the role filled by another with no change in goods and services that is.biodiversity enables the system to be resilient to some level of species loss evidence clear that diversity supports stability in ecosystems - exact mechanism is unclear (populations, food webs, etc.)
15 Many biodiversity-related ecosystem services are not recognized as important role of biodiversity in: mitigating climate change prevention of disease and pest outbreaks crop production (e.g., pollination, soil processes) water flow and purification ecosystem resilience and stability complexity that is overlooked by managing single resources rather than considering ecosystem effects
16 Loss of function Functional niche complementarity among pumpkin pollinators in Indonesia. Hoehn, Tscharntke, Tylianakis & Steffan-Dewenter (2008) Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B
17 Forest ecosystem near an agricultural field contributes crop production an example of native pollinators Taki et al (submitted)
18 Numbers of individuals(per trap) Parasitoids: biological control Plantation (Jpn cedar) Secondary forest (deciduous) Stand age(years after clear cutting) Maleque et al (2010)
19 Loss of function Biodiversity loss can reduce ecosystem process rates, particularly in natural environments. Tylianakis, Rand, Kahmen, Klein, Buchmann, Perner & Tscharntke (2008) PLoS Biol.
20 Loss of plant diversity correlated with insect diversity Bees: F 1,77.6 = 23.09, P < Wasps: F 1,67.0 =10.46, P < Tylianakis, Klein, Lozada & Tscharntke (2006) J. Biogeogr.
21 Agroforestry Agroforest intensification: shade-sun grown From: Tylianakis, Tokyo, April 2010
22 Bee diversity Agroforestry: positive effects of pollination Cacao intensification reduces bee biodiversity in Sulawesi = reduced crop A AB AB B Tscharntke et al. (2008) Ecology High Med Low Forest Cacao Management Intensity
23 Cacao agroforest intensification The yellow crazy ant Anoplolepis gracilipes in cacao agroforests in Sulawesi. Forest spp. Other spp. Probability of crazy ants being present Effects on other ant species Bos, Tylianakis, Steffan-Dewenter & Tscharntke (2008) Biological Invasions
24 Many examples of how biodiversity has positive effects on ecosystem services increase natural forest in agro-forest systems to increase pollination and natural control of pest species increase landscape heterogeneity to increase richness of pollinator community, decrease pests, and increase stability in biological communities reducing monocultures on a landscape will improve total goods and services reforestation and recovery in tropical systems is fully possible improving plantations for multiple values can result in greater value to local communities
25 Basis for evaluating ecosystem services (TEEB, 2010) OECD Baseline scenario International Policies Change in Land use, Climate, Pollution, Water use Change in Change Economic in Value Biodiversity Change In Ecosystem Services Change in Ecosystem functions (Kumar, TEEB, Tokyo, 2010) TEEB estimates that G&S from global tropical forests are worth US$ 11 Trillion ($6000/ha)
26 Failure by scientists to enable policy makers/politicians/public to understand issues indicators: forest loss continues at a rate of 13 million ha/year 61% of Japanese and EU public do not know the word biodiversity climate change continues unabated many foresters still consider biodiversity to be a forest product, instead of actually being the forest continued clearing of forest near agricultural lands SFM criticized as an excuse to conduct business as usual biodiversity often considered as a preservation issue rather than a sustainability issue emphasis is still on non-declining, even flow of limited goods
27 Problems faced by scientists few believe that ecology issues are urgent translates to funding need to embrace other points of view and other methods no training in public communications and dealing with the media biodiversity is often referred to as an ecosystem service not everyone has the same expectations monoculture of the mind
28 Improving biodiversity considerations in decision making and policy: the role for scientists improve the understanding of mechanisms by which biodiversity supports ecosystem goods and services identify and improve valuation of these services improve communication with policy makers and convey key messages on how biodiversity improves ecosystem function enabling the capacity to manage sustainably, instead of making mistakes and then having to react indicators may be useful, but not in the absence of thresholds and meaningful quantifiable values communicate better: lose the jargon
29 Key science messages from Tokyo OECD-funded symposium biodiversity supports ecosystem functioning and enhances resilience biodiversity is higher in natural forests >secondary forests >plantations increasing biodiversity increases goods and services diversity in pollinators increases crop yields diversity in landscapes that include natural forests (at close distances to crops) increases pollinators and reduces pest species on the other hand: intensifying land use drives extinctions loss of biodiversity means huge economic losses; unrecognized until after the damage is done consider/manage the ecosystem, not individual resources valuation of ecosystem services can be a strong tool for influencing policy
The relationship between forest biodiversity, ecosystem resilience, and carbon storage
The relationship between forest biodiversity, ecosystem resilience, and carbon storage Ian Thompson, Canadian Forest Service Brendan Mackey, Australian National University Alex Mosseler, Canadian Forest
More information1. Biodiversity: Basic Commodity or Luxury Item?... 2 2. Conclusions and Recommendations... 5 3. Key References... 6
Page 2 of 6 CONTENTS 1. Biodiversity: Basic Commodity or Luxury Item?... 2 2. Conclusions and Recommendations... 5 3. Key References... 6 1. BIODIVERSITY: BASIC COMMODITY OR LUXURY ITEM? How is biodiversity
More informationBiodiversity Concepts
Biodiversity Concepts WHAT IS BIODIVERSITY? Biodiversity is the variety of life on Earth. For any kind of animal or plant each individual is not exactly the same as any other; nor are species or ecosystems.
More informationA cool CAP post-2013: What measures could help adapt Cyprus farming and biodiversity to the consequences of climate change?
A cool CAP post-2013: What measures could help adapt Cyprus farming and biodiversity to the consequences of climate change? 26 September 2012: IFOAM EU Conference Future farming in times of climate change
More informationTechnology For Adaptation. Forestry Conservation Management. Dr. Javier Aliaga Lordemann
Technology For Adaptation. Forestry Conservation Management Dr. Javier Aliaga Lordemann Forests has more carbon store than the currently carbon free atmosphere. By contrast, are important sources of emissions
More informationThe roles of people in conservation
Oxford Scholarship Online You are looking at 1-10 of 23 items for: fulltext : climate change science research context history systems findings biocon bioeco The roles of people in conservation C. Anne
More informationResearch to improve the use and conservation of agricultural biodiversity for smallholder farmers
Research to improve the use and conservation of agricultural biodiversity for smallholder farmers Agricultural biodiversity the variability of crops and their wild relatives, trees, animals, arthropods,
More informationGlobal Environment Facility GEF OPERATIONAL PROGRAM #13 ON CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY IMPORTANT TO AGRICULTURE
Global Environment Facility GEF OPERATIONAL PROGRAM #13 ON CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY IMPORTANT TO AGRICULTURE CONTENTS Introduction..1 Convention Guidance... 2 Agricultural
More informationSLOW ONSET EVENTS. climate change impacts on BIODIVERSITY
Regional Gateway for Technology Transfer and Climate Change Action in Latin America and the Caribbean (ROLAC UNEP) Characterizing and addressing SLOW ONSET EVENTS climate change impacts on BIODIVERSITY
More informationGLOBAL PLAN OF ACTION FOR THE CONSERVATION, SUSTAINABLE USE AND DEVELOPMENT OF FOREST GENETIC RESOURCES
FAO, 2014 ISBN 978-92-5-108422-9 9 7 8 9 2 5 1 0 8 4 2 2 9 I3849E/1/06.14 GLOBAL PLAN OF ACTION FOR THE CONSERVATION, SUSTAINABLE USE AND DEVELOPMENT OF FOREST GENETIC RESOURCES Foreword Forest genetic
More informationGuidelines for Degraded Landscape Management (Deliverable #16) September 30, 2013
Biodiversity and Agricultural Commodities Program BACP-Rainforest Alliance Grant-015 ( Applying sustainable cocoa practices through agroforestry in community forest areas as a tool for achieving biodiversity
More informationCLIMATE CHANGE & FORESTS; STATUS OF SCIENCE, POLICY & RESEARCH. Prof. Ravindranath Indian Institute of Science Bangalore
CLIMATE CHANGE & FORESTS; STATUS OF SCIENCE, POLICY & RESEARCH Prof. Ravindranath Indian Institute of Science Bangalore Forests and climate change 1. Deforestation and land use change contribute to CO
More informationPromoting Pollination Farming for Native Bees
Promoting Pollination Farming for Native Bees Overview Pollination, the transfer of pollen grains to fertilize the ovules of flowers to produce seeds and fruits, is essential to agriculture and natural
More informationEcosystem services in grasslands: evidence, trade-offs and restoration. James Bullock NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology jmbul@ceh.ac.
Ecosystem services in grasslands: evidence, trade-offs and restoration James Bullock NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology jmbul@ceh.ac.uk Ecosystem services definitions and types Grasslands 13% of Earth
More informationBiodiversity and Ecosystem Services: Arguments for our Future Environment
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services: Arguments for our Future Environment How have we advanced our understanding of the links between biodiversity, ecosystem functions and ecosystem services? The issue
More informationBSc in Environmental and Conservation Sciences Wildlife and Rangeland Resources Management Major
Faculty of Agricultural, Life & Environmental Sciences Undergraduate Student Services 2-31 General Services Building www.ales.ualberta.ca Tel: 780.492.4933 Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2H1 new2ales@ualberta.ca
More informationDiscover Entomology. Discover Entomology. A Science, a Career, a Lifetime. A Science, a Career, a Lifetime
Discover Entomology A Science, a Career, a Lifetime Discover Entomology A Science, a Career, a Lifetime What is Entomology? Entomology is the study of insects. Entomologists study bees, ants, beetles,
More informationLesson Overview. Biodiversity. Lesson Overview. 6.3 Biodiversity
Lesson Overview 6.3 6.3 Objectives Define biodiversity and explain its value. Identify current threats to biodiversity. Describe how biodiversity can be preserved. THINK ABOUT IT From multicolored coral
More informationLiquid Biofuels for Transport
page 1/11 Scientific Facts on Liquid Biofuels for Transport Prospects, risks and opportunities Source document: FAO (2008) Summary & Details: GreenFacts Context - Serious questions are being raised about
More informationStatus of the World s Soil Resources
5 December 2015 Status of the World s Soil Resources The Intergovernmental Technical Panel on Soils (ITPS), the main scientific advisory body to the Global Soil Partnership (GSP) hosted by the Food and
More informationFacts on Biodiversity A Summary of the Millenium Ecosystem Assessment Biodiversity Synthesis
Facts on Biodiversity A Summary of the Millenium Ecosystem Assessment Biodiversity Synthesis EUROPEAN COMMISSION DIRECTORATE GENERAL ENVIRONMENT BIODIVERSITY contributes to many aspects of human well-being,
More informationAgroforestry and climate change. Emmanuel Torquebiau FAO webinar 5 February 2013
Agroforestry and climate change Emmanuel Torquebiau FAO webinar 5 February 2013 Agroforestry: well-known buffering and resilience effects Climate variability is well buffered by agroforestry because of
More informationFacts on biodiversity
Facts on biodiversity What is biodiversity? Biological diversity (biodiversity) comprises diversity of species and habitats as well as the genetic diversity within the individual species of fauna and flora.
More informationFORESTED VEGETATION. forests by restoring forests at lower. Prevent invasive plants from establishing after disturbances
FORESTED VEGETATION Type of strategy Protect General cold adaptation upland and approach subalpine forests by restoring forests at lower Specific adaptation action Thin dry forests to densities low enough
More informationUpscaling of locally proven IPM technologies for control of pest of economic importance i
Technology Fact Sheet for Adaptation Upscaling of locally proven IPM technologies for control of pest of economic importance i Technology: Upscaling of locally proven IPM technologies for control of pest
More informationIntegrated Pest Management
Chapter 2 Integrated Pest Management In This Chapter Keywords After learning the information in this chapter, you will be able to: 1. Define Integrated Pest Management (IPM). 2. List and describe the 5
More informationCreating Green Jobs within the Environment and Culture sector.
Creating Green Jobs within the Environment and Culture sector. Matilda Skosana Environmental Programmes (ILO Definition): 1. DEFINITION OF GREEN JOB. Jobs are green when they help reduce negative environmental
More informationExploiting knowledge on habitats used by arthropods to predict value of ESS in agrolandscapes
Exploiting knowledge on habitats used by arthropods to predict value of ESS in agrolandscapes W. Geertsema 1, F. Bianchi 2, W. Rossing 2, J. Schaminee 3 and W. van der Werf 1 Wageningen University, Wageningen,
More informationEnhancing Biodiversity. Proactive management of biodiversity in intensive agriculture
Enhancing Biodiversity Proactive management of biodiversity in intensive agriculture Contents Introduction Increasing food security in a sustainable way 3 The importance of biodiversity The vitality and
More informationFUTURE CHALLENGES OF PROVIDING HIGH-QUALITY WATER - Vol. II - Environmental Impact of Food Production and Consumption - Palaniappa Krishnan
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF FOOD PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION Palaniappa Krishnan Bioresources Engineering Department, University of Delaware, USA Keywords: Soil organisms, soil fertility, water quality, solar
More informationPopulation Ecology. Life History Traits as Evolutionary Adaptations
Population Ecology An Overview of Population Ecology Population ecology is the study of factors that affect population: Density Growth A population is a group of individuals of a single species that occupy
More informationGrowing Cocoa Beans. Growing Region
Growing Cocoa Beans All chocolate begins with cocoa beans, the fruit of the cacao tree (also called a cocoa tree). Scientists know that the cacao tree originated somewhere in South or Central America.
More informationIntroduction to Integrated Pest Management. John C. Wise, Ph.D. Michigan State University MSU Trevor Nichols Research Complex
Introduction to Integrated Pest Management John C. Wise, Ph.D. Michigan State University MSU Trevor Nichols Research Complex What is Integrated Pest Management? Integrated Pest Management (IPM) New concept;
More informationForest landscape restoration SKS Focali meeting, Jönköping 11 jan 2013
Forest landscape restoration SKS Focali meeting, Jönköping 11 jan 2013 Anders Malmer Theme leader at SLU Global for Restoration of degraded rural landscapes Theme leader for Focali for Climate assessed
More informationMarkets for Ecosystem Services on Agricultural Lands: Experience and Outlook in the United States
Markets for Ecosystem Services on Agricultural Lands: Experience and Outlook in the United States Frank Casey Conservation Economics and Finance Program Defenders of Wildlife Presented at the Biodiversity
More informationEcological Restoration Strategies for Cattle Ranching Landscapes of the Azuero
COURSE REPORT Ecological Restoration Strategies for Cattle Ranching Landscapes of the Azuero District of Pedasi, Province of Los Santos July 27-31, 2015 A field course organized by: The Environmental Leadership
More informationDefining Forest Degradation for an Effective Mechanism to Reduce Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD)
Defining Forest Degradation for an Effective Mechanism to Reduce Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) Background Sean Cadman October 2008 1 At the request of the Bali COP, SBSTA convened
More informationCHAPTER 3. A is a certain number of individuals that make up an interbreeding, reproducing group within a given area.
Review Question-1 Answer CHAPTER 3 Basic Needs of Living Things A is a certain number of individuals that make up an interbreeding, reproducing group within a given area. a. species b. population c. organism
More informationNATURAL RESOURCES DEGREES AND CERTIFICATES. Environmental Conservation A.S. Degree (formerly Natural Resources)
Area: Science and Engineering Dean: Dr. Rina Roy Phone: (916) 484-8107 Counseling: (916) 484-8572 DEGREES AND CERTIFICATES Environmental Conservation A.S. Degree (formerly Natural Resources) Environmental
More informationRanger Report About Deforestation of the Rainforest
Ranger Report About Deforestation of the Rainforest About deforestation Forests are cut down for many reasons, but most of them are related to money or to people s need to provide for their families. The
More informationUse this diagram of a food web to answer questions 1 through 5.
North arolina Testing Program EO iology Sample Items Goal 4 Use this diagram of a food web to answer questions 1 through 5. coyotes 3. If these organisms were arranged in a food pyramid, which organism
More informationSOKOINE UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE
SOKOINE UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FACULTY OF FORESTRY AND NATURE CONSERVATION CURRICULUM FOR MSc. (MNRSA) DEGREE PROGRAMME May 2009 MASTER OF SCIENCE IN MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND SUSTAINABLE
More informationColorado Natural Heritage Program
CNHP s mission is to preserve the natural diversity of life by contributing the essential scientific foundation that leads to lasting conservation of Colorado's biological wealth. Colorado Natural Heritage
More informationTHE ECOSYSTEM - Biomes
Biomes The Ecosystem - Biomes Side 2 THE ECOSYSTEM - Biomes By the end of this topic you should be able to:- SYLLABUS STATEMENT ASSESSMENT STATEMENT CHECK NOTES 2.4 BIOMES 2.4.1 Define the term biome.
More informationPRACTICAL STRATEGIES FOR IMMEDIATE PROGRESS ON CLIMATE CHANGE BUILDING BLOCKS FOR A GLOBAL AGREEMENT
PRACTICAL STRATEGIES FOR IMMEDIATE PROGRESS ON CLIMATE CHANGE BUILDING BLOCKS FOR A GLOBAL AGREEMENT Forging an effective response to climate change is one of the international community s highest priorities.
More informationA Guide to Woodland Carbon for Business
A Guide to Woodland Carbon for Business Contents: 1. Investing in Woodland Carbon: an overview 2. Why Woodland Carbon? 3. How much does it cost? 4. Woodland Carbon Code 5. Woodland Carbon compliance 6.
More informationCHAPTER 20 COMMUNITY ECOLOGY
CHAPTER 20 COMMUNITY ECOLOGY MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The relationship between a predator and its prey is best illustrated by a. a snake eating a bird. c. a lion eating a zebra. b. a fox eating a mouse. d. a
More informationEcology Module B, Anchor 4
Ecology Module B, Anchor 4 Key Concepts: - The biological influences on organisms are called biotic factors. The physical components of an ecosystem are called abiotic factors. - Primary producers are
More informationCORPORATE POLICY STATEMENT NO. 12 MANAGEMENT OF PEST ANIMALS
1. OBJECTIVE CORPORATE POLICY STATEMENT NO. 12 MANAGEMENT OF PEST ANIMALS August 2015 To provide direction and guidance for the management of pest animals on lands and waters managed by the Department
More informationSustainable Land Management in the Global Environment Facility. GEF Role as Financial Mechanism of the UNCCD
Sustainable Land Management in the Global Environment Facility GEF Role as Financial Mechanism of the UNCCD GEF as Financial Mechanism of the UNCCD Land Degradation Focal Area as main GEF financing window
More informationImportance of Wildlife
Importance of Wildlife The wildlife comprises all living organism (plants, animals, microorganisms) in their natural habitats which are neither cultivated or domesticated nor tamed. But in its strictest
More informationIntroduction to protection goals, ecosystem services and roles of risk management and risk assessment. Lorraine Maltby
Introduction to protection goals, ecosystem services and roles of risk management and risk assessment. Lorraine Maltby Problem formulation Risk assessment Risk management Robust and efficient environmental
More informationThe Role of Spatial Data in EU Agricultural Policy Analysis
The Role of Spatial Data in EU Agricultural Policy Analysis Wolfgang Britz Institute for Food and Resource Economics, University Bonn Geospatial Open Source Hosting of Agriculture, Resource and Environmental
More informationThompson Rivers University, Kamloops, Canada
Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, Canada For more information, comments or suggestions e-mail: Cornell@tru.ca http://www.tru.ca/schs/nrsc/program/coursedescriptions.html The Faculty of Forestry at
More informationPest Toolkit. Pest proofing your land for a sustainable community. Help is at hand. Main topics: Pest Animal control. pest plant control
Pest Toolkit Pg1 Main topics: RPMP Pest proofing your land for a sustainable community Pg2 Pg3 Pg4 Pest Animal control pest plant control weed control in retirement areas Pests are unwanted plants (invasive
More informationJapan s s Contribution to Promoting Sustainable Management of the World s Forests
Japan s s Contribution to Promoting Sustainable Management of the World s Forests Satoshi Akahori (satoshi_akahori@nm.maff.go.jp) Forestry Agency, MAFF Japan August, 2006 Forest Area in Japan Forest area:
More informationMichigan Wetlands. Department of Environmental Quality
Department of Environmental Quality Wetlands are a significant component of Michigan s landscape, covering roughly 5.5 million acres, or 15 percent of the land area of the state. This represents about
More informationEcosystem Services and Convention on Biological Diversity How ecosystem services are reflected in the CBD COP Decisions in Nagoya?
Ecosystem Services and Convention on Biological Diversity How ecosystem services are reflected in the CBD COP Decisions in Nagoya? Heikki Toivonen Finnish Environment Institute Ecosystem services and Biodiversity,
More informationClimate Change: A Local Focus on a Global Issue Newfoundland and Labrador Curriculum Links 2010-2011
Climate Change: A Local Focus on a Global Issue Newfoundland and Labrador Curriculum Links 2010-2011 HEALTH Kindergarten: Grade 1: Grade 2: Know that litter can spoil the environment. Grade 3: Grade 4:
More informationDisturbances & Succession in a Restoration Context
Objectives: How can the foundations of and theory in community ecology restoration ecology ecological restoration? Disturbances and Succession Key concepts to understanding and restoring ecological systems»
More informationCIESIN Columbia University
Conference on Climate Change and Official Statistics Oslo, Norway, 14-16 April 2008 The Role of Spatial Data Infrastructure in Integrating Climate Change Information with a Focus on Monitoring Observed
More informationVALERIE E. PETERS. Postdoctoral Fellow, Zoology Department and Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Miami University, Oxford, OH
VALERIE E. PETERS Postdoctoral Fellow Institute for Environment and Sustainability Department of Zoology Miami University Oxford, Ohio USA Tel: (1) 772 475 0770 E-mail: cazamosca@gmail.com RESEARCH INTERESTS
More informationSHAPING LAND-USE PRACTICES AND SUPPLY CHAINS THROUGH COMMODITY CERTIFICATION: THE EXPERIENCE OF THE RAINFOREST ALLIANCE
SHAPING LAND-USE PRACTICES AND SUPPLY CHAINS THROUGH COMMODITY CERTIFICATION: THE EXPERIENCE OF THE RAINFOREST ALLIANCE Jeffrey Milder, Rainforest Alliance GEF/STAP Mainstreaming Biodiversity Workshop
More informationWill climate changedisturbance. interactions perturb northern Rocky Mountain ecosystems past the point of no return?
Photo: Craig Allen, USGS Will climate changedisturbance interactions perturb northern Rocky Mountain ecosystems past the point of no return? Rachel Loehman Research Landscape Ecologist USGS Alaska Science
More informationProjects that promote the conservation and/or sustainable use of endemic species. 3
OPERATIONAL PROGRAM NUMBER 4 MOUNTAIN ECOSYSTEMS 4.1 Mountain ecosystem are among the world s most vulnerable biogeographical domain. From the Andes to the Himalayas, mountain ecosystems are very distinct
More informationScientific Facts on. Biodiversity. & Human Well-being
page 1/13 Scientific Facts on Biodiversity & Human Well-being Source document: MA (2005) Summary & Details: GreenFacts Context - Biodiversity contributes to many aspects of human well-being, for instance
More informationAP Biology Unit I: Ecological Interactions
AP Biology Unit I: Ecological Interactions Essential knowledge 1.C.1: Speciation and extinction have occurred throughout the Earth s history. Species extinction rates are rapid at times of ecological stress.
More informationMadagascar: Makira REDD+
project focus Madagascar: Makira REDD+ Madagascar is considered to be one of the top five biodiversity hotspots in the world due to more than 75% of all animal and plant species being endemic while less
More information864 653-7224 SFI INC. LAUNCHES NEW STANDARD LEADS FOREST CERTIFICATION FORWARD
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Contact: Rick Cantrell January 12, 2010 SFI Vice President and COO 864 653-7224 SFI INC. LAUNCHES NEW STANDARD LEADS FOREST CERTIFICATION FORWARD WASHINGTON Sustainable Forestry Initiative
More informationFood and Ecological Security: Identifying synergy and trade-offs
UNEP Policy Series ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT ISSUE NO. 4, JUNE 2011 Food and Ecological Security: Identifying synergy and trade-offs 1 DISCLAIMER The views expressed in this Policy Series do not necessarily
More informationClimate-Smart Agriculture - Science for Action 24-26 October 2011 - Ede / Wageningen - The Netherlands
The Wageningen Statement: Climate-Smart Agriculture - Science for Action 24-26 October 2011 - Ede / Wageningen - The Netherlands The Wageningen Statement: Climate-Smart Agriculture Science for Action The
More information-1 7.04 Propagules adapted to wind dispersal n. -1 7.05 Propagules water dispersed n
Australia/New Zealand Weed Risk Assessment adapted for Florida. Data used for analysis published in: Gordon, D.R., D.A. Onderdonk, A.M. Fox, R.K. Stocker, and C. Gantz. 2008. Predicting Invasive Plants
More informationBiodiversity conservation in cocoa production landscapes: an overview
Biodivers Conserv (2007) 16:2237 2244 DOI 10.1007/s10531-007-9195-1 ORIGINAL PAPER Biodiversity conservation in cocoa production landscapes: an overview Götz Schroth Æ Celia A. Harvey Received: 6 April
More informationDRYLAND SYSTEMS Science for better food security and livelihoods in the dry areas
DRYLAND SYSTEMS Science for better food security and livelihoods in the dry areas CGIAR Research Program on Dryland Agricultural Production Systems The global research partnership to improve agricultural
More informationWhat is a pest? How Insects Become Pests. How do insects become pests? Problems with Pesticides. What is most commonly used to control insect pests?
What is a pest? How Insects Become Pests How do insects become pests? Introduction outside of native range Becomes disease vector Plant or animal (inclu. human) disease vector Host shift in native insect
More informationEcological Restoration of a Brackish Marsh at Parcel 11, Estate Carolina, St. John
Ecological Restoration of a Brackish Marsh at Parcel 11, Estate Carolina, St. John Gary Ray, Ph.D. Virgin Forest Restorations For Coral Bay Community Council Aerial of Parcel 11 Brackish Marsh Ecological
More informationNovel Ecosystems: The Changing Landscape of Ecological Restoration
Novel Ecosystems: The Changing Landscape of Ecological Restoration Valentin Schaefer, Ph.D., R.P.Bio. Restoration of Natural Systems Program University of Victoria Definition Ecosystems that differ in
More informationThe links between biodiversity, ecosystem services and human well-being
CHAPTER SIX The links between biodiversity, ecosystem services and human well-being ROY HAINES-YOUNG MARION POTSCHIN Centre for Environmental Management, School of Geography, University of Nottingham The
More informationEcology and Simpson s Diversity Index
ACTIVITY BRIEF Ecology and Simpson s Diversity Index The science at work Ecologists, such as those working for the Environmental Agency, are interested in species diversity. This is because diversity is
More informationHow To Plan A Buffer Zone
Backyard Buffers Protecting Habitat and Water Quality What is a buffer? A buffer (also called a riparian buffer area or zone) is the strip of natural vegetation along the bank of a stream, lake or other
More informationRainforest Concern Module 2 Why do we need rainforests?
Rainforest Concern Module 2 Why do we need rainforests? Rainforest Concern Module 2: Why do we need Rainforest? Before we go any further, there are some words you may not understand, and these words and
More information1.7.0 Floodplain Modification Criteria
1.7.0 Floodplain Modification Criteria 1.7.1 Introduction These guidelines set out standards for evaluating and processing proposed modifications of the 100- year floodplain with the following objectives:
More informationERP: Willamette-Ecosystem Services Project
ERP: Willamette-Ecosystem Services Project Presented by Iris Goodman to NAS Sustainability R&D Forum October 17-18, 2007 Conserving ecosystem services through proactive decision-making making Linking Human
More informationMatter and Energy in Ecosystems
Matter and Energy in Ecosystems The interactions that take place among biotic and abiotic factors lead to transfers of energy and matter. Every species has a particular role, or niche, in an ecosystem.
More informationTHE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR WASHINGTON
THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR WASHINGTON ORDER NO. 3336 Subject: Rangeland Fire Prevention, Management and Restoration Sec. 1 Purpose. This Order sets forth enhanced policies and strategies for preventing
More informationTaking the Classroom Outside By Ashley Schopieray
Taking the Classroom Outside By Ashley Schopieray Background Introduction If you had the choice to spend the day outside or go to school and sit inside all day, which would you choose? Spending time outdoors
More informationARIMNet 2 Call 2014-15
Coordination of the Agricultural Research In the Mediterranean Area Call i text ARIMNet 2 Call 2014-15 SUBMISSION Pre-proposal by December 1 st, 2014 Full Proposal by May 11 th 2015 on http://arimnet-call.eu/
More informationCommunities, Biomes, and Ecosystems
Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems Before You Read Before you read the chapter, respond to these statements. 1. Write an A if you agree with the statement. 2. Write a D if you disagree with the statement.
More informationdefined largely by regional variations in climate
1 Physical Environment: Climate and Biomes EVPP 110 Lecture Instructor: Dr. Largen Fall 2003 2 Climate and Biomes Ecosystem concept physical and biological components of environment are considered as single,
More informationAmerican Forest Foundation (AFF) 2010-2015 Standards of Sustainability for Forest Certification
American Forest Foundation (AFF) 2010-2015 Standards of Sustainability for Forest Certification Standards Prologue The American Forest Foundation s (AFF) 2010-2015 Standards of Sustainability for Forest
More informationPRODUCED BY FOR ON BEHALF OF
The Title role which of soil can biodiversity be fairly in long providing and take ecosystem up quite services a bit of space a and then DECEMBER even 2011 more space etc PRODUCED BY Matthew Colloff, CSIRO
More informationExtinction; Lecture-8
I. introduction Definition Current extinction Genetic drift Extinction; Lecture-8 II. 3 types of extinction 1. background 2. mass 3. stochastic III. 5 periods of mass IV. human caused 1. on land and in
More informationRESPONSE FROM GBIF TO QUESTIONS FOR FURTHER CONSIDERATION
RESPONSE FROM GBIF TO QUESTIONS FOR FURTHER CONSIDERATION A. Policy support tools and methodologies developed or used under the Convention and their adequacy, impact and obstacles to their uptake, as well
More informationEstablishing ecologically sustainable forest biomass supply chains: A case study in the boreal forest of Canada
Establishing ecologically sustainable forest biomass supply chains: A case study in the boreal forest of Canada Evelyne Thiffault Canadian Forest Service David Paré Canadian Forest Service Sylvain Volpé
More informationCommunities and Biomes
Name Date Class Communities and Biomes Section 3.1 Communities n your textbook, read about living in a community. Determine if the statement is true. f it is not, rewrite the italicized part to make it
More informationThe Cost of Policy Inaction
The Cost of Policy Inaction 2 Alterra-rapport 1718 The Cost of Policy Inaction The case of not meeting the 2010 biodiversity target L. Braat and P. ten Brink (eds.) with J. Bakkes K. Bolt I. Braeuer B.
More informationMaster s Degree Programme in Forest Sciences and Business (MScFB) 2014-2015
Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry 1(11) Master s Degree Programme in Forest Sciences and Business (MScFB) 2014-2015 Degree requirements in Forest Ecology and Management, 120 cr Degree requirements in
More informationSpeaker Summary Note
2020 CONFERENCE MAY 2014 Session: Speaker: Speaker Summary Note Building Resilience by Innovating and Investing in Agricultural Systems Mark Rosegrant Director, Environment and Production Technology Division
More informationPast and Current Research on Natural Resource Issues in the Blue Mountains
Past and Current Research on Natural Resource Issues in the Blue Mountains Recreation, Hunting, Access Livestock Production (and Wild Ungulate Ecology) Restoration Timber Harvest, Production Biodiversity,
More informationSyllabus Example - CCU
Colorado Christian University Science Department Semester/Year Class Syllabus Course Title: Course Number: Instructor: Environmental Science BIO-103 Dr. Bob Smith, Ph.D. Office location: Leprino 110 Office
More information