Hydrocarbon management. Refinery Measurement Database Committee HMC-2A membership guide

Transcription

1 Hydrocarbon management Refinery Measurement Database Committee HMC-2A membership guide

2 HYDROCARBON MANAGEMENT REFINERY MEASUREMENT DATABASE COMMITTEE 1st edition September 2014 Published by ENERGY INSTITUTE, LONDON The Energy Institute is a professional membership body incorporated by Royal Charter 2003 Registered charity number

3 The Energy Institute (EI) is the chartered professional membership body for the energy industry, supporting over individuals working in or studying energy and 250 energy companies worldwide. The EI provides learning and networking opportunities to support professional development, as well as professional recognition and technical and scientific knowledge resources on energy in all its forms and applications. The EI s purpose is to develop and disseminate knowledge, skills and good practice towards a safe, secure and sustainable energy system. In fulfilling this mission, the EI addresses the depth and breadth of the energy sector, from fuels and fuels distribution to health and safety, sustainability and the environment. It also informs policy by providing a platform for debate and scientifically-sound information on energy issues. The EI is licensed by: the Engineering Council to award Chartered, Incorporated and Engineering Technician status; the Science Council to award Chartered Scientist status, and the Society for the Environment to award Chartered Environmentalist status. It also offers its own Chartered Energy Engineer, Chartered Petroleum Engineer and Chartered Energy Manager titles. A registered charity, the EI serves society with independence, professionalism and a wealth of expertise in all energy matters. This publication has been produced as a result of work carried out within the Technical Team of the EI, funded by the EI s Technical Partners. The EI s Technical Work Programme provides industry with cost-effective, value-adding knowledge on key current and future issues affecting those operating in the energy sector, both in the UK and internationally. For further information, please visit The EI gratefully acknowledges the financial contributions towards the scientific and technical programme from the following companies BG Group Premier Oil BP Exploration Operating Co Ltd RWE npower BP Oil UK Ltd Saudi Aramco Centrica Scottish Power Chevron SGS ConocoPhillips Ltd Shell UK Oil Products Limited Dana Petroleum Shell U.K. Exploration and Production Ltd DONG Energy SSE EDF Energy Statkraft ENI Statoil E. ON UK Talisman Sinopec Energy UK Ltd ExxonMobil International Ltd Total E&P UK Limited International Power Total UK Limited Kuwait Petroleum International Ltd Tullow Maersk Oil North Sea UK Limited Valero Murco Petroleum Ltd Vattenfall Nexen Vitol Phillips 66 World Fuel Services However, it should be noted that the above organisations have not all been directly involved in the development of this publication, nor do they necessarily endorse its content. Copyright 2014 by the Energy Institute, London. The Energy Institute is a professional membership body incorporated by Royal Charter Registered charity number , England All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced by any means, or transmitted or translated into a machine language without the written permission of the publisher. Published by the Energy Institute The information contained in this publication is provided for general information purposes only. Whilst the Energy Institute and the contributors have applied reasonable care in developing this publication, no representations or warranties, express or implied, are made by the Energy Institute or any of the contributors concerning the applicability, suitability, accuracy or completeness of the information contained herein and the Energy Institute and the contributors accept no responsibility whatsoever for the use of this information. Neither the Energy Institute nor any of the contributors shall be liable in any way for any liability, loss, cost or damage incurred as a result of the receipt or use of the information contained herein.

4 CONTENTS Page 1 Introduction Committee membership The independent consultant Confidentiality Fees Meetings Refinery data Introduction Data submission Data format Units Incomplete data Committee issues and reports Technical issues Sample report content Conclusion Annexes Annex A Committee terms of reference...20 Annex B Data submission guide

5 1 INTRODUCTION HMC-2A, the Refinery Measurement Database Committee of the Energy Institute (EI) was established in 1985 as the PML-5 Refinery Loss Control Committee and began data collection and analysis to an agreed format in The committee is made up of refinery operators from the main HMC-2 Refinery and Downstream Measurement Committee. The main committee develops and maintains metering and proving standards and addresses issues relating to static and dynamic measurement, facilities balances, product quality control/management, emissions and the environment. A key publication is EI HM 32 Guide to product hydrocarbon management at marketing terminals. This document provides advice on operations and procedures for the control of both apparent loss (i.e. that caused by measurement errors and incorrect or inadequate accounting procedures) and physical loss at petroleum storage installations, including airports, where product is received, stored and despatched by pipeline, sea, road or rail systems. The general aim of the database committee is to improve refinery loss control through better understanding and through production of benchmark loss figures. The committee encourages adoption of improved and harmonised measurement standards and procedures and maintains EI HM 31 Guide to product hydrocarbon management in petroleum refinery operations, which is accepted by most major oil companies as the industry standard for refinery oil accounting and loss control. The committee acts as a forum to share best practices and review new equipment relevant to loss control. Members are also kept informed of new developments in relevant international standards. Each committee Member submits measurement data annually (and generally in accordance with HM 31) on a confidential basis. This data is analysed to provide a confidential report to individual Members which shows their losses in various categories compared with those for other refineries in the database. Individual Members are not able to identify refineries in the report other than their own. The analysis is confidential to Members but, with Members approval, data is extracted from this report for publication. With its focus on accounting, measurement and loss, the HMC-2A report compliments other industry data gathering and comparison initiatives which consider performance and efficiency, usually through comparison of volumetric gain. The separation of accounted and unaccounted losses offers further insight into measurement and loss control operations and can indicate opportunities for improvement. Historically, assembly of some of the mass based emissions data required additional effort at the refineries but this data is now collected for environmental monitoring reports for government authorities and is readily available. The Committee operates in accordance with competition law and under written Terms of Reference (Annex A). The database is maintained and reports are prepared by an independent Consultant. Access to pooled data and information derived from a number of refineries adds to the knowledge and can improve the operation of individual loss control groups, providing benchmarks for key losses (measurement differences). This document describes how the committee operates and is produced as a guide to existing and potential new Members. In addition to the operation of the committee, data submission requirements and report contents are discussed in detail together with the confidentiality arrangements under which the data is handled. 4

6 2 COMMITTEE MEMBERSHIP Membership of the committee is open to all companies who have refinery loss data to contribute. However, membership applications are considered by the committee, who vote to approve new Members. Each Member company nominates one representative who will receive the reports and meeting minutes and who will have voting rights at committee meetings. However the meeting forum is flexible and Members are welcome to send additional representative(s) to participate in discussions, etc. Where Member companies have a number of refineries, representatives are expected to use best efforts to collect data from their associates. Where Member companies have more than one refinery submitting data they will receive a report for each refinery and representatives from each refinery will be entitled to attend meetings. However, the Member company will have only a single vote in committee ballots. A Chair is elected every three years from amongst the Members. The Consultant who carries out the analysis and maintains the database also attends meetings. However, the Consultant is not a Member and does not have voting rights. 5

7 3 THE INDEPENDENT CONSULTANT The Consultant is appointed by the committee, working through the Chair. There is no 'term of office' as the Consultant is engaged annually on a commercial basis. It is in the interests of the panel to maintain continuity and there have been only two consultants used since the committee was established. All data resides with the Consultant and is not retained at the EI. 6

8 4 CONFIDENTIALITY Committee Members and the Consultant work under strict confidentiality agreements such that no information relating to individual companies can be passed to other companies, whether or not they are Members, and no anonymous information derived from the database is passed outside Member companies other than in the form of articles for publication which are approved by the panel. 7

9 5 FEES Fees are payable annually by each Member company directly to the Consultant. Invoices are normally issued as the annual reports are distributed. Fees are calculated each year in advance on the basis of day rates and expenses for attendance at meetings. These are negotiated and agreed with the committee and are fixed in advance of each years work. Each Member is charged the same basic fee for each refinery. As an indication of costs the basic fee for 2013 was GBP (approx USD $1 600). Individual Members are free to request additional reports or studies from the Consultant for which they will negotiate their own additional fees. 8

10 6 MEETINGS The main meeting is usually held in June when a presentation of the analysis of previous years data is made. Annual reports covering the previous years data are issued in advance of this meeting. If required, a second meeting is held in November to discuss any interim work, changes to the data required or the format of the next years report. The meetings provide an excellent forum for discussion of loss control topics, bringing together specialists from a number of the major oil companies. Meetings are normally run immediately before or after meetings of the main HMC-2 Refinery and Distribution Measurement Committee as most Members sit on both committees. Meetings are hosted by the EI in London. However, it is the intention of the committee to hold meetings in the various Member countries whenever possible. It is not mandatory for Members to attend meetings. 9

11 7 REFINERY DATA 7.1 Introduction The objective of the committee is to obtain as much data as possible for analysis as this will add to the value of the resulting reports. While it is preferable for data to be submitted in accordance with the data submission sheet (Annex B), the input system can be flexible. The intention being that in most cases Members will be able to submit data direct from existing in-house files without the need for significant manipulation. The quality of the information produced depends heavily on the consistency of the data going in. Members are therefore asked to ensure that data submitted complies strictly with the descriptions in Annex B and definitions in HM 31. The Consultant should be contacted directly if any questions arise. 7.2 Data Submission The data is stored and analysed on an annual basis. Data for each year up to December 31 must reach the Consultant by February 1 of the following year. The submission date must be met otherwise data may be excluded from the database. The Consultant should be contacted directly if there are any problems with data submission. Membership is conditional on submission of data. Members who do not submit data for a given year will not receive a report and will not be admitted to meetings in the year concerned. No fee will be charged. Membership can be resumed provided data is submitted in the following year. Data may be submitted by on an attached file. 7.3 Data Format Data should preferably be submitted in spreadsheet form (Excel, or equivalent). 7.4 Units The database is run on a mass basis; tonnes. 7.5 Incomplete Data If all the requested data is not available, or perhaps not collected for a particular refinery, it may be possible to use estimated figures based on industry averages for missing values. Assistance can be provided in such cases. 10

12 8 Committee issues and REPORTS 8.1 Technical issues Potential sources of mass balance error based on Members experience include but are not limited to the following, which have all been addressed and are discussed regularly: The impact of density errors on month-end stock accounting and the timing of the testing and update of densities in inventory systems. Problems associated with obtaining representative density data from layered tank contents. The effect of water and sediment content variations on crude oil density data. Free water tank dip measurement errors due to emulsion in slop tanks. The handling of shipments in progress over month-end. Inventory issues due to tanks being shown in incorrect product service, inventory in tanks not being reported and inventory being reported in tanks that are out of service. Deliveries or receipts being over or understated. Internal fuel consumption being over or understated. Problems with accounting satisfactorily for coke inventory. Other technical areas that have been or are being looked at by the Committee are: Issues relating to slop volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and accounting for received ship s ballast. Procedures for monitoring for custody transfer meter drift and re-proving frequencies. The relationship of refinery loss to Solomon Complexity. The use of changes in flare gas analysis data to identify the likely source of increased flaring. New developments in closed and restricted sampling equipment. Experience with pipeline leak detection systems. Experience with data reconciliation systems. 8.2 Typical Report Content Report content has developed over the years and is modified from time to time in order to include investigation of issues which become of particular interest to Members. However, reports will generally include analysis as shown in the following example for six refineries, nominally for The refinery receiving the report is Refinery X. Overall losses The 2011 database comprises data from six member refineries. The average refinery loss represents 0,44 % of processed inputs (Figure 1). There is a wide variation between refineries (0,32 % to 0,67 %). Average loss was equivalent to 0,44 % of processed inputs. Refinery X matched the average in

13 2011 Loss as % of Processed Inputs % Loss Z Y X W V U AVG Refinery Figure 1: 2011 loss as % of processed inputs Comparison with previous years Figure 2 shows the data reported by Refinery X in comparison with the calculated overall average loss. Whilst performances in 2000 and 2003 was noticeably worse than the average, the performance in recent years has generally been better than average (with the exception of 2010). Historical Losses for Refinery X compared against the Overall Average Loss % of Processed Inputs Year Refinery X Overall Average Figure 2: Historical losses for Refinery X compared against the overall average When compared with the overall average for the other member refineries excluding the data from Refinery X, Figure 3 shows that the overall performance of Refinery X has been better than the average of other Members. 12

14 EI HMC-2A MEMBERSHIP 2011 Refinery GUIDE Loss Survey Historical trend data for Refinery X Loss as % of Processed Inputs Year Refinery X Overall Average excluding Refinery X Figure 3: EI HMC-2A 2011 Refinery loss survey historical trend data for Refinery X Figure 4 shows data comparison on the basis of three year moving averages. This shows that while the performance of Refinery X improved consistently against the overall average result (all Members) until 2009, the improving trend has not been maintained in 2010 and 2011, although performance remains slightly better than the overall average. Three Year Average Data Comparison Loss as % of Processed Inputs Year Overall Average Refinery X Figure 4: Three year average data comparison When compared with the overall average for the other member refineries, excluding the data from Refinery X, Figure 5 shows that the overall loss for the other refineries has been higher than the data for Refinery X since However, it would appear that the improving trend from 2007 to 2009 has not been maintained, with the difference decreasing significantly in 2010 and again in

15 Three Year Average Loss Data 0.60 Loss as % of Processed Inputs for 3 years ending Refinery X Overall Average excluding Refinery X Figure 5: Three year average loss data Accounted losses The data show that Refinery X was able to account for a total of 46,2 % of its recorded loss for 2011 whereas the overall average for all six refineries was 46,8 %. This compares with an accounted loss of 47,0 % of the recorded loss for the average excluding Refinery X. Generally, flaring represents the major accounted loss in almost every refinery, usually followed by either process fugitives or drainage VOCs as the next largest source. Refinery X matches this pattern. The comparison against the average of all the refineries is shown in Figure 6 while the comparison against the average of the other five refineries is shown in Figure 7. 14

16 Percentage of the loss Flare Oily water VOCs Process losses Tankage VOCs Sludge/spills Other losses Unidentified Overall average Refinery X Figure 6: Breakdown of allocated losses Percentage of accounted loss Flare Oily water VOCs Process losses Tankage VOCs Sludge/spills Other losses Unidentified Refinery x Average of other refineries Figure 7: Breakdown of losses for Refinery X in 2011 Flaring loss Figure 8 shows the flaring performances of the different refineries (expressed as a percentage of the processed input quantities). Large differences are apparent between the best and worst cases. The overall average refinery flared 0,13 % of processed inputs, so there would appear to be further scope to reduce flaring at several refineries (particularly Refineries X and V). At 0,16 %, Refinery X is only a little higher than the overall average. 15

17 Flare % of processessed inputs Z Y X W V U AVG Refinery Flare % Processed inputs Figure 8: 2011 Refinery loss control survey flare data Figure 9 shows the historical flare losses as a percentage of processed inputs for Refinery X and the overall average of all the refineries. There have been some significant variations in flaring at some member refineries, with the result that the average flare percentage apparently increased significantly from 2006 to 2007, but has then decreased again in recent years. In contrast, flaring at Refinery X had been fairly consistent at around 0,35 % of processed inputs (± 0,03 %) but was significantly reduced during 2009 (to 0,26 %). Whilst this reduction was not maintained in 2010, the reported flare losses have decreased further in 2011, and at 0,16 % Refinery X is now finally close to the overall average (that has also been reducing since 2007) Flare as % of processessed inputs Year Overall average Refinery X Figure 9: Historical flare data comparison 16

18 When the data are compared with the average of the member refineries but excluding Refinery X (Figure 10), the same conclusion is apparent. From 2005 to 2008, flaring at Refinery X was consistently higher than at the other current member refineries, but that improved performance was achieved in both 2009 and 2011, so that the flare loss has been very substantially decreased and the flare performance of Refinery X is now comparable with the average of the other member refineries Losses % of processessed inputs Year 2012 Refinery X Average excluding Refinery X Figure 10: Historical flare loss comparisons Loss of VOCs Figure 11 shows some large differences in the VOC losses reported by the different refineries (expressed as a percentage of the processed input quantities) with almost a four-fold difference between the best and worst cases. The overall average refinery VOC loss was 0,027 % of processed inputs, while Refinery X reported VOC losses of 0,038 %. Whilst this was not the highest VOC loss reported, several other Members were apparently able to control their VOC losses better than this; so there would appear to be scope for Refinery X to reduce VOC losses. 17

19 2011 REFINERY LOSS CONTROL SURVEY - VOC DATA VOC Loss as % Processed Inputs Z Y X W V U AVG Refinery VOC Loss Figure 11: 2011 Refinery loss control survery VOC data The breakdown of the VOC losses is shown in Figure 12. This shows that process (fugitive) losses were apparently significantly higher at Refinery X than the overall average, but that VOC losses from other sources were slightly lower than average. Breakdown of VOC losses Loss as % Processed Inputs Oily Water VOCs Process VOCs Tankage VOCs Other VOCs Overall Average Refinery X Figure 12: Breakdown of VOC losses 18

20 9 Conclusion It is hoped that readers will find the above description of HMC-2A committee activities and typical report content of interest and relevant to their own refinery accounting and loss control operations. For further details and membership enquiries please contact: Technical Department Hydrocarbon Management Energy Institute 61 New Cavendish Street London W1G 7AR UK w: 19

21 ANNEX A COMMITTEE TERMS OF REFERENCE The Refinery Measurement Database Committee HMC-2A terms of reference The Committee is constituted under the auspices of the EI and reports to the Hydrocarbon Management Committee (HMC). Objectives The Committee s objectives are: 1. To develop and maintain a database of refinery measurement data for statistical analysis. 2. To improve industry s understanding of the extent and causes of refinery losses, both real and apparent. 3. To encourage the adoption of improved measurement standards and procedures through dissemination and publication of results. 4. Through its sister committee, HMC-2, to identify work items (document development or practical projects) aimed at improving refinery hydrocarbon management. Membership The Committee is open to all oil companies who are willing to submit data for analysis and who agree to abide by the confidentiality agreement. Oil refinery personnel are required to submit the loss accounting data for their refinery (ies) annually, using the agreed EI HMC-2A format to permit meaningful comparative analysis. Members representatives should preferably be refinery based with day-to-day responsibility for hydrocarbon loss control. To broaden the scope of discussion and to add value to the work of the committee, invitees may be asked to attend and participate at meetings. Data submission and confidentiality Data from each Member will be submitted on a confidential basis to an independent Consultant (the consultant) for analysis. Members and the Consultant are to abide by the respective confidentiality clauses below: Members agreement The maintenance of confidentiality shall be a condition of membership. The following statement is to be printed on the cover of all minutes and reports: This Report is CONFIDENTIAL to the Members of the Energy Institute HMC-2(A) Refinery Measurement Database Committee. On receipt of this report it is agreed that the information it contains will be shared only within the company submitting the data and affiliated companies. Member companies shall not circulate information obtained as a result of committee membership outside of said Member companies if it is not in the public domain and/or was obtained only as a direct result of committee membership. 20

22 Consultants agreement The following statement shall be signed by the Consultant and held by the Chief Executive of the EI: I hereby affirm that I shall maintain the CONFIDENTIALITY of all individual company data submitted for analysis. I shall not pass information submitted by individual Member companies to other companies except in the form of cumulative reports which will be composed in a manner approved by the Membership and submitted to Member companies only. I shall not pass on any information which is not in the public domain and which has come to my attention in my capacity as Consultant without the prior consent of the Committee. In no case will I release specific information about a company without written permission of that company s HMC-2A Committee representative. I shall not include in any report or otherwise disclose any individual company data which I could reasonably expect would enable the submitting company to be identified. Work and publication of results Publication of general information and extracts from reports will be encouraged, but will require the unanimous agreement of the Committee Members. Meetings The Committee will normally meet in the spring of each year to review the analysis of the previous year s data. A second meeting may be held in the autumn. Meetings will be linked appropriately with meetings of HMC-2; the Refinery and Distribution Measurement Committee. Meetings will be attended by Members representatives (one per refinery) who may be accompanied by a colleague. Attendance of additional observers will be at the discretion of the Chair. The EI may participate at Committee meetings as observers, normally through the attendance of the Technical Manager, Standards who will receive meeting minutes and general reports on progress. Any EI representatives attending meetings will be subject to the same confidentiality requirements as the Members. Representatives of prospective new Members may be invited to attend one meeting as guests at the discretion of the Chair, but shall not attend sessions where the confidential loss performance data from other refineries is presented or discussed without the prior consent of the refinery Members concerned. Committee officers Chair and Vice Chair The Chair and Vice Chair will be selected every three years by the Committee (majority vote), before the Autumn meeting in accordance with the procedure detailed in Appendix 1. The new officers will take up their positions immediately following the Autumn meeting. 21

23 Consultant The independent Consultant will be selected by Committee Members. Fees will be agreed by the Committee annually and divided equally between Members. Each Member will be responsible for settling the Consultant s invoice for their portion of the fee. Secretary Voting The duties of Secretary will be undertaken by a representative from EI staff. Each Member shall have one vote on matters considered by the Committee. The vote will be exercised by the Member s nominated representative. Amendments to these Terms of Reference will require the approval of at least two thirds of the Committee Members. The quorum for meetings will be a minimum of 50 % of Committee Members. Consensus will be sought for decisions but where a vote is called the outcome will be based on a simple majority of those in attendance. Changes to the Terms of Reference, election of committee officers and all documents for publication will be subject to ballot to allow all Members to participate. Appendix 1 Selection Procedure for Chair and/or Vice Chair 1. All candidates for either of the two positions must submit their names to the Secretary approximately six weeks before the Spring meeting. There will be no nomination or seconding process. Representatives from ALL Member companies are eligible to stand. 2. The Secretary will then send out candidates names to Members representatives, again by . Approximately one month will be allowed for voting with the closing date set approximately two weeks before the Autumn meeting. This will allow time for a second round of voting if necessary. 3. Each Member company will have one vote for Chair and one vote for Vice Chair. 4. Where there is only one candidate for a post, Members will be asked to approve or object. 5. In the event of a tie and where there are three or more candidates there will be a second vote between the two tied candidates. 6. In the event of a tie between only two candidates and where both candidates continue to wish to stand the outgoing Chair will have a casting vote. 7. The result will be advised by and announced at the start of the Spring meeting 8. Votes will be confidential but will be retained by the Secretary for inspection by another independent party in case of any dispute. 22

24 ANNEX B DATA SUBMISSION GUIDE HMC-2A Refinery Database Committee Data submission requirements Data to be submitted Calculated within spreadsheet From previous year Optional Example of average refinery Refinery ID code = Z units 2010 Data 2011 Data Solomon complexity factor 9,2 9,0 EDC(i) [Equivalent distillation capacity mbbl/day (installed)] Inputs Input dry crude tonnes Input process feedstocks tonnes Input blending stocks tonnes Input additives tonnes Input hydrogen tonnes Input imported slops tonnes Imported fuel oil tonnes Imported fuel gas tonnes Other imported gas tonnes Sub-total, receipts tonnes Feedstock inventory Opening stocks as at 1 January tonnes Closing stocks as at 31 December tonnes Inventory change (opening closing) tonnes Total processed inputs tonnes Imported finished products tonnes Total inputs tonnes

25 Refinery ID code = Z units 2010 Data 2011 Data Outputs and fuel Output despatches (including export of tonnes imported finished products) Output feed to chemicals tonnes Output other/zero value (please state) tonnes Sub-total, outputs tonnes Fuel fuel oil tonnes Fuel fuel gas (net of inerts) tonnes Fuel FCC coke tonnes Fuel sour gas tonnes Fuel other tonnes Sub-total, fuel tonnes Fuel used for exported power tonnes Fuel used in refinery tonnes Product inventory Opening stocks as at 1 January tonnes Closing stocks as at 31 December tonnes Inventory change (closing opening) tonnes Total output + fuel + inventory change tonnes Loss (TSI+FIC) - (PD+PIC+F) tonnes Processed input tonnes tonnes Loss as % processed input tonnes 0,48 0,47 Total site input tonnes tonnes Loss as % total site input tonnes 0,47 0,45 Losses Flare for economic reasons tonnes Flare for environmental reasons tonnes Flare for all other reasons tonnes Flare purge gas used tonnes Flare pilot gas used tonnes Sub-total flare tonnes

26 Refinery ID code = Z units 2010 Data 2011 Data Oily water recovered oil quantity tonnes Oily water VOC at 30 % tonnes Oily water VOC from API separators tonnes Oily water VOC from drains and tonnes interceptors Oily water oil in outfall or digested in biological treatment plant tonnes Sub-total oily water tonnes Units fugitive VOC losses tonnes Sulphur plant VOC losses tonnes Vents to atmosphere tonnes Incinerators tonnes Hydrogen diffusion loss tonnes CRU/CCR carbon loss tonnes N2 from FCC feed (inerts) tonnes Sub-total process units tonnes Tankage VOC losses tonnes Hydrocarbon content of API sludge tonnes Hydrocarbon content of tank sludge tonnes Spills and seepage (net) tonnes 8 7 Sub-total sludge/spills tonnes Other marine VOC (when export BOL is tonnes 0 0 based on shipboard meas) Other bitumen blowing tonnes Other please state tonnes Other please state tonnes Other please state tonnes 0 2 Other please state tonnes 2 41 Sub-total other losses tonnes

27 Refinery ID code = Z units 2010 Data 2011 Data Total accounted losses tonnes % accounted % wt 63,8 63,9 Unidentified losses tonnes % unaccounted % wt 36,2 36,1 Total loss (tonnes) tonnes Flare as % of total % wt 45,1 46,2 Oily water VOCs as % total % wt 5,7 4,0 Process losses as % of total % wt 9,9 9,7 Tankage VOCs as % of total % wt 1,7 1,6 Sludge/spills as % of total % wt 0,9 1,2 Other losses as % of total % wt 0,5 1,3 Unidentified as % of total % wt 36,2 36,1 Check sum % wt 100,0 100,0 Loss uncertainty calculations Overall annual uncertainty (% wt) % wt 0,19 0,19 Overall monthly uncertainty (% wt) % wt 0,25 0,25 Overall daily uncertainty (% wt) % wt 2,69 2,69 Monthly loss figures (% wt) Jan % wt 0,43 0,34 Feb % wt 0,36 0,27 Mar % wt 0,41 0,48 Apr % wt 0,31 0,20 May % wt 0,33 0,52 Jun % wt 0,33 0,62 July % wt 0,75 0,82 Aug % wt 1,18 0,41 Sep % wt 0,42 0,38 Oct % wt 0,24 0,57 Nov % wt 0,67 0,52 Dec % wt 0,59 1,04 26

28 Refinery ID code = Z units 2010 Data 2011 Data Monthly processed inputs (tonnes) Jan tonnes Feb tonnes Mar tonnes Apr tonnes May tonnes Jun tonnes July tonnes Aug tonnes Sep tonnes Oct tonnes Nov tonnes Dec tonnes Monthly % wt loss (excluding major shutdown months) Jan % wt 0,43 0,34 Feb % wt 0,36 0,27 Mar % wt 0,41 0,48 Apr % wt 0,31 0,20 May % wt 0,33 0,52 Jun % wt 0,33 0,62 July % wt 0,75 0,82 Aug % wt 1,18 0,41 Sep % wt 0,42 0,38 Oct % wt 0,24 0,57 Nov % wt 0,67 0,52 Dec % wt 0,59 1,04 27

29 Energy Institute 61 New Cavendish Street London W1G 7AR, UK t: +44 (0) f: +44 (0) e: This publication has been produced as a result of work carried out within the Technical Team of the Energy Institute (EI), funded by the EI s Technical Partners and other stakeholders. The EI s Technical Work Programme provides industry with cost effective, value adding knowledge on key current and future issues affecting those operating in the energy sector, both in the UK and beyond. Registered Charity Number: