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1 Forestry Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations GLOBAL FOREST RESOURCES ASSESSMENT 2010 COUNTRY REPORT PORTUGAL FRA2010/167 Rome, 2010

2 The Forest Resources Assessment Programme Sustainably managed forests have multiple environmental and socio-economic functions important at the global, national and local scales, and play a vital part in sustainable development. Reliable and upto-date information on the state of forest resources - not only on area and area change, but also on such variables as growing stock, wood and non-wood products, carbon, protected areas, use of forests for recreation and other services, biological diversity and forests contribution to national economies - is crucial to support decision-making for policies and programmes in forestry and sustainable development at all levels. FAO, at the request of its member countries, regularly monitors the world s forests and their management and uses through the Forest Resources Assessment Programme. This country report forms part of the Global Forest Resources Assessment 2010 (FRA 2010). The reporting framework for FRA 2010 is based on the thematic elements of sustainable forest management acknowledged in intergovernmental forest-related fora and includes variables related to the extent, condition, uses and values of forest resources, as well as the policy, legal and institutional framework related to forests. More information on the FRA 2010 process and the results - including all the country reports - is available on the FRA Web site ( ). The Global Forest Resources Assessment process is coordinated by the Forestry Department at FAO headquarters in Rome. The contact person for matters related to FRA 2010 is: Mette Løyche Wilkie Senior Forestry Officer FAO Forestry Department Viale delle Terme di Caracalla Rome 00153, Italy Mette.LoycheWilkie@fao.org Readers can also use the following address: fra@fao.org DISCLAIMER The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The Global Forest Resources Assessment Country Report Series is designed to document and make available the information forming the basis for the FRA reports. The Country Reports have been compiled by officially nominated country correspondents in collaboration with FAO staff. Prior to finalisation, these reports were subject to validation by forestry authorities in the respective countries. 2

3 Contents 1 TABLE T1 EXTENT OF FOREST AND OTER WOODED LAND TABLE T2 FOREST OWNERSIP AND MANAGEMENT RIGTS TABLE T3 FOREST DESIGNATION AND MANAGEMENT TABLE T4 FOREST CARACTERISTICS TABLE T5 FOREST ESTABLISMENT AND REFORESTATION TABLE T6 GROWING STOCK TABLE T7 BIOMASS STOCK TABLE T8 CARBON STOCK TABLE T9 FOREST FIRES TABLE T10 OTER DISTURBANCES AFFECTING FOREST EALT AND VITALITY TABLE T11 WOOD REMOVALS AND VALUE OF REMOVALS TABLE T12 NON-WOOD FOREST PRODUCTS REMOVALS AND VALUE OF REMOVALS TABLE T13 EMPLOYMENT TABLE T14 POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK TABLE T15 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK TABLE T16 EDUCATION AND RESEARC TABLE T17 PUBLIC REVENUE COLLECTION AND EXPENDITURE

4 Report preparation and contact persons The present report was prepared by the following person(s): Name (FAMILY NAME, First name) Eira, José Pinho, João Santos, Cristina Buxo, Josefa Godinho Ferreira, Paulo Uva, José Moreira, João Institution / address Autoridade Florestal Nacional / Parque Florestal Estrada de Sta. Luzia Viana do Castelo PORTUGAL Autoridade Florestal Nacional / Av. João Crisóstomo Lisboa PORTUGAL Autoridade Florestal Nacional / Av. João Crisóstomo Lisboa PORTUGAL Autoridade Florestal Nacional / Av. João Crisóstomo Lisboa PORTUGAL Instituto Nacional dos Recursos Biológicos / Quinta do Marquês, Av. da República Oeiras PORTUGAL Metacortex, SA / Rua Soares de Passos 10B Lisboa PORTUGAL Metacortex, SA / Rua Soares de Passos 10B Lisboa PORTUGAL Fax Tables jose.eira@afn.minagricultura.pt jrpinho@afn.minagricultura.pt c.santos@afn.minagricultura.pt j.carvalho@afn.minagricultura.pt all all all all paulo.godinho@efn.com.pt all jose.uva@metacortexconsulting.com joao.moreira@metacortexconsulting.com all all 4

5 1 Table T1 Extent of Forest and Other wooded land 1.1 FRA 2010 Categories and definitions Category Forest Other wooded land Other land Other land with tree cover (Subordinated to Other land ) Inland water bodies Definition Land spanning more than 0.5 hectares with trees higher than 5 meters and a canopy cover of more than 10 percent, or trees able to reach these thresholds in situ. It does not include land that is predominantly under agricultural or urban land use. Land not classified as Forest, spanning more than 0.5 hectares; with trees higher than 5 meters and a canopy cover of 5-10 percent, or trees able to reach these thresholds in situ; or with a combined cover of shrubs, bushes and trees above 10 percent. It does not include land that is predominantly under agricultural or urban land use. All land that is not classified as Forest or Other wooded land. Land classified as Other land, spanning more than 0.5 hectares with a canopy cover of more than 10 percent of trees able to reach a height of 5 meters at maturity. Inland water bodies generally include major rivers, lakes and water reservoirs. 1.2 National data Data sources References to sources of information MCPFE, State of Europe s Forests 2003 Inventário Florestal Nacional, 3.ª Revisão (4th National Forest Inventory - NFI4) 5.º Inventário Florestal Nacional (5th National Forest Inventory NFI5) Inventário Florestal da Região Autónoma dos Açores (IFRAA) (Azores regional forest inventory) Quality (/M/L) Variable(s) Year(s) Additional comments M Forest, OWL Secondary data source based on NFI3. The NFI3 area data were collected in a 12 year period, but 1982 is considered to be the reference year. Field data were collected in a 5 year period, but 1984 is considered to be the reference year. Forest, OWL, 1995 Mainland (continental inland water, territory). other land. The NFI4 area data were collected in 1995.The field data Forest, OWL, inland water, other land. Forest, OWL, inland water, other land. were collected in 1997/ Mainland (continental territory). The NFI5 area data were collected in The field data were collected mainly in 2005, but also in Azores inventory data collection is a continuous process. The reported data reference year is

6 1.º Inventário Florestal da Região Autónoma da Madeira (IFRAM1) (Madeira s regional forest inventory) Forest, OWL, inland water, other land The Madeira s area data were collected in The field data were collected in Classification and definitions The national classification and definition for forest are equivalent to those being used by FRA Original data Territory Category Area (1000 ha) Reference year Forest Other wooded land Mainland territory Other land of which with tree n.a. n.a. n.a. cover Autonomous Region of Azores Autonomous Region of Madeira Sources: Mainland territory, 1982) Forest and other wooded land: MCPFE Inland water: FAOSTAT Mainland territory, 1995) All variables: NFI4 Mainland territory, 2005) All variables: NFI5 Autonomous Region of Azores, 2007) All variables: IFRAA Autonomous Region of Madeira, 2004) All variables: IFRAM1 Inland water Total area Reference year 2007 Forest 56.0 Other wooded land 3.44 Other land of which with tree cover n.a. Inland water 1.06 Total area 232 Reference year 2004 Forest 32.7 Other wooded land 1.56 Other land of which with tree n.a. cover Inland water 0.11 Total area

7 1.3 Analysis and processing of national data Calibration The total land area figures reported in the different national data sets (9192 and 9209 thousand hectares) are not equal to the FAOstat figure reported at Table 2.1 of the Guidelines for county reporting to FRA 2010 (9212 thousand hectares). Therefore, a slight calibration was done in those data sets. The area of inland water bodies reported at Table 2.1 of the Guidelines for county reporting to FRA 2010 (62 thousand hectares) was not considered for 2000 and 2010 because this figure underestimates the real value Estimation and forecasting For the mainland territory, the year 1990 figures were interpolated from the NFI3 (1982) and NFI4 (1995). In a similar way, the year 2000 figures were interpolated from the NFI4 (1995) and NFI5 (2005). The year 2010 forest forecasted figures were extrapolated from the NFI4 (1995) and NFI5 (2005). The year 2010 inland water bodies figure was considered to be the same as Although Portuguese government has recently launched a new water dam programme in which the building of 10 new water dams is planned, none of these dams is expected to be finished before Both Azores and Madeira s territories have only one single forest inventory each (IFRAM1 for Madeira and IFRAA for Azores). Although other sources of information are available for past years, these are not completely consistent and are not compatible with FAO definitions. Therefore, for consistency reasons it was decided to adopt the forest inventory data of each territory for all reference years. Notice that Azores and Madeira s contributions for global figures of Portugal are relatively small, since these territories occupy only approximately 3% of the Portuguese total area Reclassification into FRA 2010 categories Reclassification is not required. 1.4 Data for Table T1 FRA 2010 categories Area (1000 hectares) Forest Other wooded land Other land of which with tree cover n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Inland water bodies Total for country

8 1.5 Comments to Table T1 Variable / category Forest Other wooded land Other land Comments related to data, definitions, etc. Comments on the reported trend Forest area presents a continuous increase, demonstrating that the afforestation rate have been able to compensate the lost forest areas due to wildfires and urban sprawl. The increase of OWL during the period might be explained by the effect of forest fires. That is, in some areas affected by wildfires, the over storey was not able to recover after being destroyed by the fire, leaving place to OWL expansion. For the period , forest fires are expected to be less severe and consequently the OWL area was considered to remain unchanged. Other land with tree cover Inland water bodies During the period several water-dams were constructed (the Alqueva dam reservoir alone was responsible for 25 thousand hectares of new inland water area), and in result, the area of inland water bodies has largely increased. Other general comments to the table The 1990 and 2000 figures were adjusted in this report. Recently processed data of older inventories was made available and, therefore, adjustments were made. Expected year for completion of ongoing/planned national forest inventory and/or RS survey / mapping Field inventory 2012 Remote sensing survey / mapping

9 2 Table T2 Forest ownership and management rights 2.1 FRA 2010 Categories and definitions Category Public ownership Private ownership Individuals (sub-category of Private ownership) Private business entities and institutions (sub-category of Private ownership) Local communities (sub-category of Private ownership) Indigenous / tribal communities (sub-category of Private ownership) Other types of ownership Definition Forest owned by the State; or administrative units of the public administration; or by institutions or corporations owned by the public administration. Forest owned by individuals, families, communities, private co-operatives, corporations and other business entities, private religious and educational institutions, pension or investment funds, NGOs, nature conservation associations and other private institutions. Forest owned by individuals and families. Forest owned by private corporations, co-operatives, companies and other business entities, as well as private non-profit organizations such as NGOs, nature conservation associations, and private religious and educational institutions, etc. Forest owned by a group of individuals belonging to the same community residing within or in the vicinity of a forest area. The community members are co-owners that share exclusive rights and duties, and benefits contribute to the community development. Forest owned by communities of indigenous or tribal people. Other kind of ownership arrangements not covered by the categories above. Also includes areas where ownership is unclear or disputed. Categories related to the holder of management rights of public forest resources Public Administration Individuals/households Private institutions Communities Other form of management rights The Public Administration (or institutions or corporations owned by the Public Administration) retains management rights and responsibilities within the limits specified by the legislation. Forest management rights and responsibilities are transferred from the Public Administration to individuals or households through long-term leases or management agreements. Forest management rights and responsibilities are transferred from the Public Administration to corporations, other business entities, private cooperatives, private non-profit institutions and associations, etc., through long-term leases or management agreements. Forest management rights and responsibilities are transferred from the Public Administration to local communities (including indigenous and tribal communities) through long-term leases or management agreements. Forests for which the transfer of management rights does not belong to any of the categories mentioned above. 9

10 2.2 National data Data sources References to sources of information Rede Nacional de Matas e Perímetros Florestais - RNMPF (national network of forest areas managed by national and regional forest agencies) Boletim estatístico da CELPA 2007 (pulp industry companies statistics) 5.º Inventário Florestal Nacional (5th National Forest Inventory NFI5) Internal statistics of DRRF (Azores regional forest authority) Internal statistics of DRF (Madeira s regional forest authority) Quality (/M/L) M M Variable(s) Year(s) Additional comments Area of Forest land ownership (mainland territory) Area of Forest land ownership (mainland territory) Area of Forest land ownership (mainland territory) Forest land ownership (Autonomous Region of Azores) Forest land ownership (Autonomous Region of Madeira) 2005 Land cover information 2005 Statistical information 2005 Land cover information Since there is no available data for other years, the 2007 land ownership relative distribution was applied to all the reference years. Since there is no available data for other years, the 2004 land ownership relative distribution was applied to all the reference years Classification and definitions The national classifications and definitions are equivalent to those being used by FRA Original data Territory Category Area (%) Reference year 2005 Public ownership 1.50% Private ownership 98.5% Mainland territory...of which owned by individuals 88.9%...of which owned by private business entities and institutions 5.31%...of which owned by local communities 4.33% Autonomous Region of Azores...of which owned by indigenous / tribal communities 0.00% Other types of ownership 0.00% Reference year 2007 Public ownership 0.7% Private ownership 99.3%...of which owned by individuals 71.7%...of which owned by private business entities and institutions 0.0%...of which owned by local communities 27.5%...of which owned by indigenous / tribal communities 0.0% Other types of ownership 0.0% Autonomous Reference year

11 Region of Madeira Public ownership 11.8% Private ownership 88.2%...of which owned by individuals 36.1%...of which owned by private business entities and institutions 0.0%...of which owned by local communities 52.0%...of which owned by indigenous / tribal communities 0.0% Other types of ownership 0.0% 2.3 Analysis and processing of national data Calibration Calibration is not required because relative proportions were used. These values were multiplied by the total forest area of each reference year, which were already calibrated, as explained in Table T1 comments Estimation and forecasting Estimation and forecasting was not required because relative proportions were used. These values were multiplied by the total forest area of each reference year, which were already estimated (interpolated for mid-years, between data-source years), as explained in Table T1 comments Reclassification into FRA 2010 categories Reclassification is not required. 2.4 Data for Table T2 Table 2a - Forest ownership FRA 2010 Categories Forest area (1000 hectares) Public ownership Private ownership of which owned by individuals of which owned by private business entities and institutions of which owned by local communities of which owned by indigenous / tribal communities Other types of ownership TOTAL Note: If other types of ownership ARE reported, please specify details in comment to the table. Does ownership of trees coincide with ownership of the Yes land on which they are situated? x No If No above, please describe below how the two differ: Land and trees ownership do not always coincide. Part of the Portuguese forest land is rented (mainly to pulp industry companies). In these circumstances, trees ownership belongs to the rent holder, and not to the land owner. Most of communities forests are managed by national and regional forest agencies. In these forests, the tree ownership is shared: 60 to 80% of the trees revenue belongs to the communities and 20 to 40% belongs to the forest agencies. 11

12 Table 2b - older of management rights of public forests FRA 2010 Categories Forest area (1000 hectares) Public Administration Individuals Private corporations and institutions Communities Other TOTAL Comments to Table T2 Variable / category Public ownership Comments related to data, definitions, etc. Comments on the reported trend Private ownership Other types of ownership Most of communities forests are managed by the national and regional forest agencies. No other types of ownership are considered Management rights Management rights of all public forests belong to the Public Administration. Other general comments to the table For each territory (mainland, Azores and Madeira) there is only data for a single year. Therefore the public ownership percentage is applied to all reference years. 12

13 3 Table T3 Forest designation and management 3.1 FRA 2010 Categories and definitions Term Definition Primary designated function The primary function or management objective assigned to a management unit either by legal prescription, documented decision of the landowner/manager, or evidence provided by documented studies of forest management practices and customary use. Protected areas Areas especially dedicated to the protection and maintenance of biological diversity, and of natural and associated cultural resources, and managed through legal or other effective means. Categories of primary designated functions Production Protection of soil and water Conservation of biodiversity Social services Multiple use Other No / unknown Special designation and management categories Area of permanent forest estate (PFE) Forest area within protected areas Forest area under sustainable forest management Forest area with management plan Forest area designated primarily for production of wood, fibre, bio-energy and/or non-wood forest products. Forest area designated primarily for protection of soil and water. Forest area designated primarily for conservation of biological diversity. Includes but is not limited to areas designated for biodiversity conservation within the protected areas. Forest area designated primarily for social services. Forest area designated primarily for more than one purpose and where none of these alone is considered as the predominant designated function. Forest areas designated primarily for a function other than production, protection, conservation, social services or multiple use. No or unknown designation. Forest area that is designated to be retained as forest and may not be converted to other land use. Forest area within formally established protected areas independently of the purpose for which the protected areas were established. To be defined and documented by the country. Forest area that has a long-term (ten years or more) documented management plan, aiming at defined management goals, which is periodically revised. 13

14 3.2 National data Data sources References to sources of information Inventário Florestal Nacional, 3.ª Revisão (4 th National Forest Inventory - NFI4) 5.º Inventário Florestal Nacional (5 th National Forest Inventory NFI5) Inventário Florestal da Região Autónoma dos Açores (IFRAA) (Regional Forest Inventory) 1.º Inventário Florestal da Região Autónoma da Madeira (IFRAM1) (regional forest inventory) MCPFE, State of Europe s Forests 2003 Rede Nacional de Áreas Protegidas (national protected areas network) Rede Natura Zonas de Proteccão Especial - Zonas Especiais de Conservação (protected areas) Rede Nacional de Matas e Perímetros Florestais - RNMPF (national network of forest areas managed by national and regional forest agencies) Boletim estatístico da CELPA 2007 (pulp industry companies statistics) Forest management plans submitted to the AFN (National Forest Authority) FSC Áreas de gestão florestal sustentável certificada (Areas certified by FSC as sustainable forest management) Quality (/M/L) Variable(s) Year(s) Additional comments 1995 Land cover and statistical information Area of permanent forest estate, Forest area within protected areas and Forest area under sustainable forest management. Area of permanent forest estate, Forest area within protected areas, Forest area under sustainable forest management, Primary designated function. Area of permanent forest estate, Forest area within protected areas, Forest area under sustainable forest management, Primary designated function. Area of permanent forest estate, Forest area within protected areas, Forest area under sustainable forest management, Primary designated function. Forest area within protected areas Forest area within protected areas, Primary designated function. Forest area within protected areas, Primary designated function. Area of permanent forest estate, Forest area under sustainable forest management, Forest area with management plan, Primary designated function Forest area under sustainable forest management 2005 Land cover and statistical information 2007 Land cover and statistical information 2004 Land cover and statistical information Cartographic information Cartographic information Cartographic information Statistical information Forest area with management plan Statistical information Forest area under sustainable forest management. Statistical information 14

15 3.2.2 Classification and definitions Area of permanent forest estate Forest areas subjected to legislation that designates them to be retained as forest, disallowing land use conversions. For the mainland territory, these areas comprehend forest areas within Rede Nacional de Matas e Perímetros Florestais (national network of forest areas managed by national and regional forest agencies which are under the Forest Regime) and forest stands of Quercus ilex and Quercus suber (protected by a specific decree-law). For Azores and Madeira these areas comprehend forest areas managed by forest agencies and the primary forest areas. Forest areas within protected areas Forest areas within Rede Natura 2000 and forest areas within Rede Nacional de Áreas Protegidas (national protected areas network). Forest areas under sustainable forest management As a national criterion, forest areas under sustainable management comprehend: forest areas within Rede Nacional de Matas e Perímetros Florestais, Quercus ilex and Quercus suber forest stands, forest areas managed by pulp industry companies and certified forest areas as sustainable forest management. For autonomous Regions of Azores and Madeira, areas under sustainable forest management were considered to be the primary forest areas as well as forest stands inside areas managed by forest agencies. Forest areas with management plan Forest areas with management plan comprehend forest areas which have a forest management plan approved by forest authorities. Primary function of forest areas The primary functions are established on a land cover basis and management/conservation status, defined by the national and regional forest agencies (Autoridade Florestal Nacional for the mainland territory, Direcção Regional dos Recursos Florestais for Azores and Direcção Regional de Florestas for Madeira) Original data Territory Category Area (1000 ha) Reference year 2005 Production 1997 Protection of soil and water 187 Conservation of biodiversity 145 Mainland territory Multiple use 1018 Other (please specify in comments below the table) 0.00 Autonomous Region of Azores No / unknown 0.00 Total 3347 Reference year 2007 Production 17.4 Protection of soil and water 28.3 Conservation of biodiversity 9.49 Social use/multiple use 0.69 Other (please specify in comments below the table)

16 Autonomous Region of Madeira No / unknown 0.00 Total 56.0 Reference year 2004 Production 0.00 Protection of soil and water 16.5 Conservation of biodiversity 16.1 Multiple use 0.00 Other (please specify in comments below the table) 0.00 No / unknown 0.00 Total 32.7 Territory Category Area (1000 ha) Reference year Area of permanent forest estate Mainland territory Forest area within protected areas Forest area under sustainable Autonomous Region of Azores Autonomous Region of Madeira forest management Reference year 2007 Area of permanent forest estate 15.8 Forest area within protected areas 23.6 Forest area under sustainable forest management 20.3 Reference year 2004 Area of permanent forest estate 20.9 Forest area within protected areas 24.4 Forest area under sustainable forest management Analysis and processing of national data Calibration A slight calibration was required to assure that the sum of primary function areas matches the forest area reported in Table T Estimation and forecasting For the mainland territory, the table T3a figures for the year 2010 were assumed to have the same relative distribution that the 2005 figures. For Table T3b, the year 2010 forecasted figures were estimated considering the same percentual increase of forest area reported in Table T1 between 2005 and 2010, with the exception of forest area with management plan figures, which were extrapolated by national forest authority, considering the expected increased due to the recent legal requirements. For Azores and Madeira s territories the respective inventory data were used for every reference years (as explained at 1.3.2) Reclassification into FRA 2010 categories Reclassification was made according the definitions presented at

17 3.4 Data for Table T3 Table 3a Primary designated function FRA 2010 Categories Forest area (1000 hectares) Production n.a. n.a Protection of soil and water n.a. n.a Conservation of biodiversity n.a. n.a Social services n.a. n.a. 0 0 Multiple use n.a. n.a Other (please specify in comments below the table) n.a. n.a No / unknown n.a. n.a TOTAL n.a. n.a Table 3b Special designation and management categories FRA 2010 Categories Forest area (1000 hectares) Area of permanent forest estate n.a Forest area within protected areas n.a Forest area under sustainable forest management n.a Forest area with management plan n.a. n.a. n.a

18 3.5 Comments to Table T3 Variable / category Production Protection of soil and water Conservation of biodiversity Social services Multiple use Other No / unknown designation Area of permanent forest estate Forest area within protected areas Forest area under sustainable forest management Forest area with management plan Comments related to data, definitions, etc. Social services function is reported as zero because this function of forest is considered in the reported area of multiple use function. As a national criterion, forest areas under sustainable management comprehend: forest areas within Rede Nacional de Matas e Perímetros Florestais, Quercus ilex and Quercus suber forest stands, forest areas managed by pulp industry companies and certified forest areas as sustainable forest management. For autonomous Regions of Azores and Madeira, areas under sustainable forest management were considered to be the primary forest areas as well as forest stands inside areas managed by forest agencies. Most of the forest areas managed by forest agencies had forest management plans in 1990, 2000 and 2005 (planos de ordenamento, planos de arborização or planos de cortes). Although a significant part of these plans can be considered as forest management plans, at this point, it is not possible to report area data. The autonomous regions of Azores and Madeira are initiating the regional forest plans process. These plans will define the legal and technical scope to be followed by the property-level forest management plans. No forest management plan of Azores or Madeira is expected to be concluded by Comments on the reported trend Other general comments to the table Forest primary function values reported in FRA2005 (for the year 2000) are not reported in FRA2010 because they were produced with an old methodological approach. The new approach applied for the 2005 onwards data reflects the implementation of PROF (Regional Forest Plans), NFI (National Forest Strategy) as well as protected areas management plans, and newly available data on forest resources. 18

19 4 Table T4 Forest characteristics 4.1 FRA 2010 Categories and definitions Term / category Naturally regenerated forest Introduced species Characteristics categories Primary forest Other naturally regenerated forest Other naturally regenerated forest of introduced species (sub-category) Planted forest Planted forest of introduced species (sub-category) Special categories Rubber plantations Mangroves Bamboo Definition Forest predominantly composed of trees established through natural regeneration. A species, subspecies or lower taxon, occurring outside its natural range (past or present) and dispersal potential (i.e. outside the range it occupies naturally or could occupy without direct or indirect introduction or care by humans). Naturally regenerated forest of native species, where there are no clearly visible indications of human activities and the ecological processes are not significantly disturbed. Naturally regenerated forest where there are clearly visible indications of human activities. Other naturally regenerated forest where the trees are predominantly of introduced species. Forest predominantly composed of trees established through planting and/or deliberate seeding. Planted forest, where the planted/seeded trees are predominantly of introduced species. Forest area with rubber tree plantations. Area of forest and other wooded land with mangrove vegetation. Area of forest and other wooded land with predominant bamboo vegetation. 4.2 National data Data sources References to sources of information Inventário Florestal Nacional, 3.ª Revisão (4th National Forest Inventory - NFI4) 5.º Inventário Florestal Nacional (5th National Forest Inventory NFI5) Quality (/M/L) Variable(s) Year(s) Additional comments Primary forest, other naturally regenerated forest and planted forest Primary forest, other naturally regenerated forest and planted forest 1995 Mainland (continental territory) Mainland (continental territory). Inventário Florestal da Primary 2007 Autonomous Region of Azores. 19

20 References to sources of information Região Autónoma dos Açores (IFRAA) (regional forest inventory) 1.º Inventário Florestal da Região Autónoma da Madeira (IFRAM1) (regional forest inventory) Quality (/M/L) Variable(s) Year(s) Additional comments forest, other naturally regenerated forest and planted forest Primary forest, other naturally regenerated forest and planted forest 2004 Autonomous Region of Madeira Classification and definitions There is no official or commonly used classification or definition for these categories. The FRA definitions were adopted Original data Territory Category Area (1000 ha) Reference year Primary forest Other naturally regenerated forest Mainland territory...of which of introduced species Planted forest Autonomous Region of Azores Autonomous Region of Madeira...of which of introduced species Total Reference year 2007 Primary forest 7.97 Other naturally regenerated forest of which of introduced species Planted forest of which of introduced species Total 56.0 Reference year 2004 Primary forest 16.1 Other naturally regenerated forest of which of introduced species 16.5 Planted forest of which of introduced species 0.00 Total Analysis and processing of national data Calibration A calibration was required to assure that the sum of areas of different categories matches the forest area reported in Table T1. 20

21 4.3.2 Estimation and forecasting For the mainland territory, the years 2000 and 2010 figures were interpolated/extrapolated from the NFI4 (1995) and NFI5 (2005). For Azores and Madeira s territories the respective inventory data were used for every reference years (as explained at 1.3.2) Reclassification into FRA 2010 categories Reclassification was made by forest tree species. A category was assigned for each forest tree species, depending on the territory considered (mainland, Azores and Madeira). 4.4 Data for Table T4 Table 4a FRA 2010 Categories Forest area (1000 hectares) Primary forest n.a Other naturally regenerated forest n.a of which of introduced species n.a Planted forest n.a of which of introduced species n.a TOTAL n.a Table 4b FRA 2010 Categories Area (1000 hectares) Rubber plantations (Forest) Mangroves (Forest and OWL) Bamboo (Forest and OWL) n.a

22 4.5 Comments to Table T4 Variable / category Primary forest Comments related to data, definitions, etc. Comments on the reported trend Other naturally regenerating forest Planted forest Rubber plantations Inexistent Mangroves Inexistent Bamboo There are only a few small plantations, for which there is no data. Other general comments to the table 22

23 5 Table T5 Forest establishment and reforestation 5.1 FRA 2010 Categories and definitions Term Afforestation Reforestation Natural expansion of forest Definition Establishment of forest through planting and/or deliberate seeding on land that, until then, was not classified as forest. Re-establishment of forest through planting and/or deliberate seeding on land classified as forest. Expansion of forests through natural succession on land that, until then, was under another land use (e.g. forest succession on land previously used for agriculture). 5.2 National data Data sources References to sources of information AFN/IFADAP Mainland publicly funded afforestation statistics (AFN internal data) IFAP Mainland publicly funded afforestation statistics DRRF Azores internal afforestation statistics DRF Madeira internal (re)afforestation statistics Quality (/M/L) Variable(s) Year(s) Additional comments Afforestation 1991 to 2002 Afforestation 2003 to 2007 Afforestation Afforestation ; ; Classification and definitions The national classification matches the FRA2010 definition Original data Territory Mainland Territory Autonomous Region of Azores Autonomous Region of Azores Autonomous Region of Madeira Autonomous Region of Madeira Autonomous Region of Madeira Year(s) Total afforestation Afforestation of Introduced species (ha) (ha) n.a

24 5.3 Analysis and processing of national data Calibration Calibration is not required Estimation and forecasting Estimation and forecast are not required Reclassification into FRA 2010 categories Reclassification is not required. 5.4 Data for Table T5 FRA 2010 Categories Annual forest establishment (hectares/year)...of which of introduced species 1) (hectares/year) Afforestation n.a. Reforestation n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a....of which on areas previously planted n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Natural expansion of forest n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Note: The figures for the reporting years refer to the averages for the 5-year periods , and respectively. 5.5 Comments to Table T5 Variable / category Afforestation Comments related to data, definitions, etc. The reported figures for 1990 include a year average of 1991 and 1992 figures Comments on the reported trend Reforestation Natural expansion of forest There are no comprehensive statistics of reforestation areas. A significant amount of reforestation areas is not supported by public funding, and therefore are not traceable. This variable is not available as there is no effective monitoring system for this type of land cover change. Other general comments to the table 24

25 6 Table T6 Growing stock 6.1 FRA 2010 Categories and definitions Category Definition Growing stock Volume over bark of all living trees more than X cm in diameter at breast height (or above buttress if these are higher). Includes the stem from ground level or stump height up to a top diameter of Y cm, and may also include branches to a minimum diameter of W cm. Growing stock of commercial Growing stock (see def. above) of commercial species. species 6.2 National data Data sources References to sources of information MCPFE, State of Europe s Forests 2003 Inventário Florestal Nacional, 3.ª Revisão (4 th National Forest Inventory - NFI4) 5.º Inventário Florestal Nacional (5 th National Forest Inventory NFI5) Inventário Florestal da Região Autónoma dos Açores (IFRAA) (regional forest inventory) 1.º Inventário Florestal da Região Autónoma da Madeira (IFRAM1) (regional forest inventory) Quality (/M/L) Variable(s) Year(s) Additional comments Forest growing stock Forest growing stock Forest growing stock, OWL growing stock Forest growing stock Forest growing stock 1984 Secondary data source based on NFI3. The NFI3 area data were collected in a 12 year period, but 1982 is considered to be the reference year. Field data were collected in a 5 year period, but 1984 is considered to be the reference year Mainland (continental territory). The NFI4 area data were collected in 1995, while the field data were collected in 1997/ Mainland (continental territory). The NFI5 area data were collected in 2005, while the field data were collected mainly in 2005 but also in Azores data has been collected and updated till Madeira s area data were collected in 2004, while the field data were collected in

26 6.2.2 Classification and definitions The NFI classification and definitions are as follows: National class Growing stock Growing stock of commercial species Definition Sum of the volume of all standing living trees. Includes: All trees with DB higher than zero; Stem volume, including the top end, stump and bark. Excludes: Volume of branches, roots and leaves; Dead trees Downed trees; Trees outside the forest. Growing stock of forest species which have no specific-law that restricts its felling Original data Territory Mainland territory Autonomous Region of Azores Autonomous Region of Madeira Volume Category (million cubic meters over bark) Reference year Forest growing stock of which coniferous of which broadleaved Forest Growing stock of commercial species OWL Growing stock 1.73 Reference year 2007 Forest growing stock of which coniferous of which broadleaved 5.44 Forest Growing stock of commercial species 11.3 Reference year 2008 Forest growing stock of which coniferous of which broadleaved 4.09 Forest Growing stock of commercial species Analysis and processing of national data Calibration Calibration is not required Estimation and forecasting The year 1990 figures were interpolated from the NFI3 (1984) and NFI4 (1998). In similar way, the year 2000 figures were interpolated from the NFI4 (1995) and NFI5 (2005). The year 2010 forest forecasted figures were extrapolated from the NFI3 (1984), NFI4 (1998) and NFI5 (2005) figures. Both Azores and Madeira s territories have only one single forest inventory each (IFRAM1 for Madeira and IFRAA for Azores). Although other sources of information are available for past years, these are not completely consistent and are not compatible with FAO definitions. 26

27 Therefore, for consistency reasons it was decided to adopt the forest inventory data of each territory for all reference years. Notice that Azores and Madeira s contributions for global figures of Portugal are relatively small, since these territories occupy only approximately 3% of the Portuguese total area. Azores and Madeira territories do not have data regarding the OWL growing stock. To estimate these variables, the mainland s average growing stock (per hectare) was used Reclassification into FRA 2010 categories Reclassification is not required. 6.4 Data for Table T6 Table 6a Growing stock Volume (million cubic meters over bark) FRA 2010 category Forest Other wooded land Total growing stock n.a. n.a of which coniferous n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.... of which broadleaved n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Growing stock of commercial species n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Table 6b Growing stock of the 10 most common species FRA 2010 category / Species name Growing stock in forest (million cubic meters) Rank Scientific name Common name st Pinus pinaster Maritime pine n.a nd Eucalyptus spp. Eucalyptus n.a rd Quercus suber Cork oak n.a th Quercus ilex olm oak n.a th Remaining Quercus sp. n.a th Pinus pinea Umbrella pine n.a th Castanea sativa Chestnut Oak n.a th 9 th 10 th Remaining n.a TOTAL n.a

28 Table 6c Specification of threshold values Item Value Complementary information Although there is a dbh threshold of 5/7.5 cm (depending on the specie) for measuring individual trees, volume of smaller trees (dbh<5/7.5 cm) is considered as well (smaller Minimum diameter (cm) at breast height 1 of trees are counted and the correspondent average trees included in growing stock (X) 0 height is recorded for every sample plot). Minimum diameter (cm) at the top end of stem for calculation of growing stock (Y) 0 The reported growing stock includes the volume of the top end of the stem. Minimum diameter (cm) of branches included in growing stock (W) The reported growing stock does not include the volume of branches. Volume refers to above ground (AG) or above stump (AS) AG The reported growing stock includes the stump volume. 6.5 Comments to Table T6 Variable / category Total growing stock Comments related to data, definitions, etc. Comments on the reported trend Growing stock of broadleaved / coniferous Growing stock of commercial species Growing stock composition The NFI5 distinguishes 10 different forest species/genders, while the NFI4 (1995) only distinguishes 9 (acacia spp. growing stock is reported in remaining broadleaved species). In order to be comparable to the NFI4 value, growing stock of acacia spp in 2005 was reported in the remaining broadleaved species as well. Other general comments to the table The 1990 and 2000 figures were adjusted in this report. Recently processed data of past years was available and, therefore, adjustments were made. 1 Diameter at breast height (DB) refers to diameter over bark measured at a height of 1.30 m above ground level or 30 cm above buttresses if these are higher than 1 m. 28

29 7 Table T7 Biomass stock 7.1 FRA 2010 Categories and definitions Category Above-ground biomass Below-ground biomass Dead wood Definition All living biomass above the soil including stem, stump, branches, bark, seeds, and foliage. All biomass of live roots. Fine roots of less than 2mm diameter are excluded because these often cannot be distinguished empirically from soil organic matter or litter. All non-living woody biomass not contained in the litter, either standing, lying on the ground, or in the soil. Dead wood includes wood lying on the surface, dead roots, and stumps larger than or equal to 10 cm in diameter or any other diameter used by the country. 7.2 National data Data sources References to sources of information 5.º Inventário Florestal Nacional (5th National Forest Inventory NFI5) Inventário Florestal da Região Autónoma dos Açores (IFRAA) (regional forest inventory) 1.º Inventário Florestal da Região Autónoma da Madeira (IFRAM1) (regional forest inventory) Quality (/M/L) M Variable(s) Year(s) Additional comments Above ground 2005 biomass Above ground biomass Above ground biomass 2007 Biomass values were not estimated in this inventory. Growing stock values were converted to biomass values Classification and definitions The Portuguese definition of above-ground biomass is identical to the FRA 2010 definition. There is no national definition for below-ground biomass and dead-wood biomass. 29

30 7.2.3 Original data Territory Category Units Year Value Above-ground biomass 1000 t 1998 n.a. Forest growing stock 1000 m of which coniferous 1000 m of which broadleaved 1000 m Above-ground biomass 1000 t Forest growing stock 1000 m of which coniferous 1000 m of which broadleaved 1000 m Autonomous Region of Azores Autonomous Region of Madeira Above-ground biomass 1000 t 2007 n.a. Forest growing stock 1000 m of which coniferous 1000 m of which broadleaved 1000 m Above-ground biomass 1000 t Forest growing stock 1000 m of which coniferous 1000 m of which broadleaved 1000 m Analysis and processing of national data Estimation and forecasting The forecasted values for 2010 were obtained assuming the same ratio biomass:growing stock of Reclassification into FRA 2010 categories Reclassification is not required 7.4 Data for Table T7 Biomass (million metric tonnes oven-dry weight) FRA 2010 category Forest Other wooded land Above-ground biomass n.a. n.a n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Below-ground biomass n.a. n.a n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Dead wood n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. TOTAL n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 30

31 7.5 Comments to Table T7 Variable / category Above-ground biomass Below-ground biomass Dead wood Comments related to data, definitions, etc. For Azores forest inventory, above-ground biomass was not collected. For this territory, biomass values were estimated by converting growing stock to biomass values (BCEF were used). The reported above-ground biomass does not include the under storey biomass as it concerns to the tree biomass only. Expansion factors to convert above-ground biomass to below-ground biomass were used. Values were collected from Table 5.3 of Appendix 5 of the Guidelines document. This variable can not be estimated since this kind of data is not collected in any of the Portuguese NFI. Comments on the reported trend The forecasted values for 2010 were obtained assuming the same ratio biomass:growing stock of Other general comments to the table The reported above-ground biomass figures do not include the understorey component as this information is not available. 31

32 8 Table T8 Carbon stock 8.1 FRA 2010 Categories and definitions Category Carbon in above-ground biomass Carbon in below-ground biomass Carbon in dead wood Carbon in litter Soil carbon Definition Carbon in all living biomass above the soil, including stem, stump, branches, bark, seeds, and foliage. Carbon in all biomass of live roots. Fine roots of less than 2 mm diameter are excluded, because these often cannot be distinguished empirically from soil organic matter or litter. Carbon in all non-living woody biomass not contained in the litter, either standing, lying on the ground, or in the soil. Dead wood includes wood lying on the surface, dead roots, and stumps larger than or equal to 10 cm in diameter or any other diameter used by the country. Carbon in all non-living biomass with a diameter less than the minimum diameter for dead wood (e.g. 10 cm), lying dead in various states of decomposition above the mineral or organic soil. Organic carbon in mineral and organic soils (including peat) to a specified depth chosen by the country and applied consistently through the time series. 8.2 National data Data sources The biomass values reported at Table T7 were used as data sources Classification and definitions Used definitions correspond to the FRA 2010 definitions Original data Table T7 values were used as original data. 8.3 Analysis and processing of national data Calibration No calibration is required Estimation and forecasting Not required Reclassification into FRA 2010 categories Data was directly obtained by multiplying the biomass values by the default value of carbon fraction of aboveground forest biomass indicated at Table 5.2 of Appendix 5 of the Guidelines document. 32

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