ENIP COUNTRY REPORT NORWAY. National Report on data/indicators Production. European Network of Indicators Producers. funded by the European Commission

Transcription

1 ENIP European Network of Indicators Producers COUNTRY REPORT NORWAY Stig Slipersæter Anders Ekeland Israel funded by the European Commission National Report on data/indicators Production

2 PRIME stands for Policies for Research and Innovation in the Move towards the European Research Area. This Network of Excellence brings together over 200 researchers and 150 PhD students, from four main disciplines, over 40 institutions and 16 countries. The program of activities balances three research actions dedicated to producing world-class research and three structural actions aimed at achieving lasting effects in terms of structuring the field at the European level, those structural actions focusing on database and indicators issues, training, and interactions with the full range of stakeholders. FP6 - Citizens and Governance in a knowledge-based society EC Contract Number: CITI-CT PRIME website :

3 E N I P ENIP - C - ocountry u n t r y REPORT R e p o: rnorway N A T I O N A L R E P O R T O N S & T D A T A / I N D I C A T O R S P R O D U C T I O N N O R W A Y C O U N T R Y R E P O R T B Y S T I G S L I P E R S Æ T E R N I F U S T E P

4 E N I P ENIP - C - ocountry u n t r y REPORT R e p o: rnorway Table of contents I. BRIEF PRESENTATION OF THE NATIONAL SYSTEM OF STI 4 I.1. Government 4 I.2. Intermediate level 4 I.3. STI performers 4 I. 3. a. The higher education sector 4 I. 3. b. The independent institute sector 5 I. 3. c. The industrial sector 5 I. 3. d. Financial structure of Norwegian R&D 9 II. DATA AND INDICATORS 10 II. 1. a. National S&T reports 11 II.2. General data on country 12 II.3. Funding and expenditures 12 II. 3. a. OECD R&D expenditures and funding 12 II. 3. b. Other funding data 14 II. 3. c. 15 II. 3. d. Project funding 15 II.4. S&T Human resources 15 II.5. Publications 17 II.6. Innovation 17 II. 6. a. Technology indicators 17 II. 6. b. Patents 18 II. 6. c. Innovation survey 18 II. 6. d. Public-private cooperation and spin-off 18 II.7. Public Understanding of Science 19 III. DESCRIPTION OF MAIN DATA/INDICATORS PRODUCERS 20 III.1. Overview 20 III.2. Individual descriptions 22 III. 2. a. Statistics Norway 22 III. 2. b. NIFU STEP Studies in Innovation, Research and Education 22 III. 2. c. The Norwegian Social Science Data Services 23 IV. OVERALL ASSESSMENT 24 V. REFERENCES

5 E N I P ENIP - C - ocountry u n t r y REPORT R e p o : rnorway LIST OF ACRONYMS DBH INVANOR NHO NSD NFR NIFU STEP NOKUT NPO SIVA SND SSB TI UFD Database for statistics on higher education Innovation Norway Confederation of Norwegian Business and Industry The Norwegian Social Science Data Services Research Council of Norway Norwegian institute for studies in innovation, research and education The Norwegian Agency for Quality Assurance in Education The Norwegian Patent Office Industrial Development Corporation of Norway The Norwegian Industrial and Regional Development Fund (now part of Invanor) Statistics Norway National institute of technology Ministry of Education and Research 3 3

6 E N I P ENIP - C - ocountry u n t r y REPORT R e p o: rnorway I. BRIEF PRESENTATION OF THE NATIONAL SYSTEM OF STI The Norwegian research system is relatively small, and is normally divided into three levels: I.1. GOVERNMENT The Norwegian Government and the Parliament the Storting determine the overall aims and the policy for research. However, at the political level research is organized according to what is known as the sector principle whereby the various ministries are responsible for promoting and financing research within their respective areas. The Ministry of Education and Research (UFD) is responsible for coordinating research policy across sectors. I.2. INTERMEDIATE LEVEL Institutions at this level function as a link between the political level and that level where the research is carried out. An important task involves the distribution of R&D resources. The Research Council of Norway is the most important strategic institution in the Norwegian research system. Unlike most other countries, Norway has only one research council. The council funds basic research, applied research and industrial research. Approximately one third of Norway s public sector research investment is channelled through the Research Council. On 1. September 2003, the Research Council was reorganized and divided into three research divisions; the Division for Science, Division for Strategic Priorities; Division for Innovation. In addition to the Research Council of Norway, there are a number of strategic bodies that are oriented towards innovation and industrial development. I.3. STI PERFORMERS In the national system in Norway the performing level is usually considered to consist of three sectors: The industrial sector, which encompasses enterprises, i.e. units which produce goods or services for sale on the open market. The institute sector, which encompasses research institutes and other R&D-performing units. The higher education sector, which encompasses universities (including university hospitals), specialised universities and state university colleges. I. 3. a. The higher education sector Norway has six universities (Oslo, Bergen, Trondheim, Tromsø, Ås and Stavanger), five specialised universities and 25 university colleges. Two new universities were established from January 1 st 2005 as one former specialised university and one former university college got the status of full university. The university and college sector carries out approximately one-fourth of Norway's total R&D activities. These research efforts are financed through the institution's basic allocations from the government, grants from the Research Council and contracts from industry, public administration, private funds, etc. 4 4

7 E N I P ENIP - C - ocountry u n t r y REPORT R e p o: rnorway The university and specialised university institutions have a considerably higher level of R&D activity than the university colleges. Moreover, the university and specialised university institutions have been given special responsibility for long-term basic research and researcher training. Since 1999, three university colleges have been granted the right to bestow doctoral degrees in specific fields. I. 3. b. The independent institute sector Norway's independent institute sector encompasses over 120 institutions. Of these, approximately 65 comprise institutes solely devoted to research. The institute sector consists of institutions that are part of neither the higher education sector nor the industrial sector. The total R&D investment in the institute sector is roughly equal to that of the higher education sector, i.e. approximately one-fourth of the national R&D volume. The research institutes that have R&D as their primary focus account for close to 80 per cent of this sector's R&D activities. The remaining research is carried out at public administrative agencies, museums and archives, health institutions, etc. According to the OECD-classification more than half of the sector belongs to the governments sector, some few of the institutes belong to the private non-profit sector, while the rest belongs to business enterprise sector (Non-profit institutions serving enterprises). The Ministry of Education and Research has issued guidelines for government funding of research institutes. These guidelines apply to institutes that receive basic funding from the Research Council as well as those that receive allocations directly from a ministry. The Ministry of Education and Research determines the institutes for which the guidelines will apply on the basis of input from the Research Council. The Research Council has the strategic responsibility for the institute sector. The Council defines the framework and objectives for various forms of government funding with a view to promoting a cohesive policy for the overall sector. The Research Council prepares annual reports on the activities of the research institutes on commission from the various ministries. I. 3. c. The industrial sector In 2001, the industrial sector provided close to 52 per cent of the overall R&D investment in Norway. The most comprehensive R&D activities take place within industry (manufacturing and extraction of crude oil and gas), which carry out about half of the R&D activity within this sector. R&D activities within the service industry are on the rise. In general, R&D within the industrial sector is concentrated within a few major companies, whereas Norwegian trade and industry is dominated by small and medium-sized companies. One of the Research Council's primary objectives is to promote increased R&D investment throughout the entire industrial sector. Other actors Innovation Norway (Invanor) As of 1 January 2004 the new state owned company Innovation Norway has replaced the following four organisations: The Norwegian Tourist Board, the Norwegian Trade Council, the The Norwegian 5 5

8 E N I P ENIP - C - ocountry u n t r y REPORT R e p o: rnorway Industrial and Regional Development Fund, SND and the Government Consultative Office for Inventors, SVO. ( ) Innovation Norway promotes nationwide industrial development profitable to both the business economy and Norway s national economy, and helps release the potential of different districts and regions by contributing towards innovation, internationalisation and promotion. SIVA Selskapet for industrivekst (SIVA) is the Industrial Development Corporation of Norway, a state-owned enterprise with its head office in Trondheim, Norway. SIVA was established to further the creation of business opportunities and increase employment. Its goal is to develop strong local environments by providing investment capital, competence and networks for small and medium-sized companies. It owns and operates 40 industrial parks and is a co-owner of ten science and knowledge parks. SIVA is organised as a network organisation, and operates within three areas: real estate, development and investment/finance. These areas often overlap. The company is owned by the state, and controlled by the Minister of Local Government and Regional Development. ( TI Teknologisk institutt (TI) is Norway s national institute of technology, a private foundation with around 270 employees. TI receives public support in order to be able to offer small and medium-sized enterprises relevant expertise to improve company know-how, productivity and profitability. TI offers consultancy and developmental services, training, expertise and technology transfer programmes and laboratory test and certification services. TI works in areas like manufacturing technology, environmental and safety technology, business development and internationalisation. ( Other relevant institutions Some public financial institutions remain outside the SND structure. The Norwegian local government funding agency Kommunalbanken is a special purpose agency established for the Norwegian public sector to secure competitive financing for the Norwegian local governments. Loans are granted solely to local governments or against a guarantee. Although Kommunalbanken may be seen as an element in the Norwegian system of innovation, the agency does not appear to pursue systematic innovation policies as such. Another major investor in Norwegian industry is Folketrygdfondet the Norwegian Public Security Fund. The fund is operating as a large and significant financial investor. The fund s industrial investment activities are based on using part of the future liabilities of the public security system for industrial investment with a strict financial objective. Science parks The term Science Park is used to describe a property-based initiative which has operational links with universities, research centres and/or other institutions of higher education, which is designed to encourage the formation and growth of knowledge-based industries and other organisations, normally resident on site, which has a management team actively engaged in fostering the transfer of technology and business skills to tenant organisations. 6 6

9 E N I P ENIP - C - ocountry u n t r y REPORT R e p o: rnorway The Norwegian Science Parks include the following: Tromsø Science Park Ltd., Tromsø Trondheim Innovation Centre Ltd., Trondheim Leiv Eriksson Innovation Ltd., Trondheim Nyfotek Ltd., Trondheim Bergen High-Technology Center Ltd., Bergen Rogaland Science Park Ltd., Stavanger Campus Kjeller Ltd., near Oslo Oslo Research Park Ltd., Oslo Ås Science Park Ltd, Ås The traditional role of the science parks has been to provide service organisations and real estate managers. Now, however, their role as incubators and assistants for innovation is becoming increasingly important. 7 7

10 ENIP - COUNTRY REPORT : NORWAY Political authorities Administrative bodies Voters Ministry of Education and Research Parliament Ministry of Trade and Industry Government The Ministry of Agriculture and Food Government Research Committee Ministry of Fisheries and Coastal Other ministries Figure 1. Structure of the Norwegian STI system 8 E N I P - C o u n t r y R e p o r Intermediary Organisations Other government The Research Council of Norway (RCN) The Norwegian Agency for Quality Assurance in Education Innovation Norway The Industrial Development Corporation of Norway (SIVA) The Norwegian Council for Higher Education Associations of Norwegian Research Institutes Scientific Academies Private sector Confederation of Norwegian Business and Industry (NHO) Business Associations Small and Medium Enterprise Large Enterprises Multinational Companies Research performers International Research Organisations Universities Specialized University Institutions University Colleges Public Research Institutes Other Research Institutes Other Institutes Science Parks Private Research Laboratories 8

11 E N I P ENIP - C - ocountry u n t r y REPORT R e p o: rnorway I. 3. d. Financial structure of Norwegian R&D Industry funded 51 per cent of R&D expenditures in 2001 (latest year available). Public funding was close to 40 per cent, while sources from abroad and other domestic sources contributed 7 and 2 per cent respectively. Figure 2. Canalisation of R&D funding from source of funds to performing sector Billion NOK. (1 NOK 0,12 ) Compared to the figures from the R&D survey in 1999, industrial sector funding increased by 2 percentage points, while public funding experienced a corresponding decrease. However, the real annual growth in funding from industrial sector was 7.6 per cent. As internal funding is high in the industrial sector, the growth is a natural consequence of increased R&D performance. By comparison, real growth in public funding was only 2 per cent. Still, funding from abroad had the highest growth with an annual real growth of 11 per cent. Funds from The Research Council of Norway had significantly weaker growth than industry funding. Annual growth in funding from the council was 1.8 per cent in the last decade, while corresponding growth in industrial sector funding was 5.5 per cent. However, it is funding from abroad that has enjoyed the highest annual growth since 1991 with 6.8 per cent. A closer look at industrial sector funding reveals that the growth stems from R&D activity in industrial and service sector. The real contribution from oil companies has been more than halved from 1985 to

12 E N I P ENIP - C - ocountry u n t r y REPORT R e p o: rnorway II. DATA AND INDICATORS The statistical system for collecting data on Norway s R&D and innovation efforts is well established and has been running on a regular basis since the 1960s. NIFU STEP and Statistics Norway carry out a statistical survey of Norwegian R&D every second year. NIFU STEP is responsible for collecting and processing data regarding the institute and higher education sectors, while Statistics Norway is responsible for the industrial sector. NIFU STEP is also responsible for assembling the information into a total R&D-statistic for Norway. The statistics are worked out in accordance with OECDs Frascati manual. Main statistics is published in a biannually indicators report covering higher education, R&D, technology and innovation ( Report on Science and Technology Indicators for Norway published by the Research Council of Norway, full version in Norwegian and abridged version in English. Special reports on selected themes are published by NIFU STEP, Statistics Norway and other bodies. Data on R&D funding is available for research on the department level for universities and other higher education institutions. For research institutes outside higher education (private and government) data are available on institutional level. Samples from business enterprise sector are available on the level of the firm. However, for the reason of statistical confidentiality, data is normally not available on the level of the basic unit. Data on research personnel is collected by NIFU STEP for the Higher Education Sector, the public research centres and the non-profit institutions. NIFU STEP maintains a Research Personnel Register with data on individual level. Human resources data for the register is collected through a full survey on headcount every second year (odd years) as a part of the national R&D statistics. Data include, among others, identification number (includes date of birth and gender), name, position, department and educational background. Data is stored in a national database. No data on individual level are published. Data for Industry Sector is collected biannually by Statistics Norway and is available on aggregate level. Data on researchers in industry sector is also collected through labour force surveys done by Statistics Norway. Data is stored in a national database. No data on individual level are published. Due to change in methodology, data for Business Enterprise Sector (Industry sector and non-profit research institutes serving enterprises (NPIs)) have a break between 1993 and Prior to 1995 figures was based on survey data only, while later figures for the population as a whole are calculated on basis of results from the survey. This methodology is assumed to give a more accurate estimation. As a consequence of this change, total R&D expenditures as well as breakdowns for BES increased considerably between 1993 and Due to restructuring of the sector, data on headcounts for Higher Education Sector also have a break between 1993 and The former regional colleges were merged into 26 university colleges. The merger resulted in inclusion of several new units in the R&D statistics, and a subsequent increase along the headcount variables for university colleges. Universities were not affected by the restructuring. Data on earned doctoral degrees in Norway are compiled in the Doctoral Degree Register of NIFU STEP, including all doctoral and licentiate awards from all Norwegian institutions through the ages. The data are applied for statistical and scientific purposes only. No data on individuals are published

13 E N I P ENIP - C - ocountry u n t r y REPORT R e p o: rnorway The register is updated regularly twice a year from information supplied by the PhD-awarding institutions. The Norwegian Social Science Data Services (NSD) operates a national database for statistics on higher education under contract for the Ministry of Education and Research. The database is used as background material for planning and budgetary allocations in the Ministry. The database contains aggregate data only, on organisational structure, courses and degrees, students, staff, finances, building space etc. The level of detail varies somewhat between the various types of data. Data on publications delivered by ISI for analysis by NIFU STEP. Data is ISIs National Citation Report, Norwegian subset. Addresses are revised for institutional conformity. II. 1. a. National S&T reports Every second year, a complete overview (input and output) of the S&T situation in Norway is published by The Research Council of Norway. This national report on S&T indicators describes the developments of the S&T system for Norway, and also makes comparisons with the European countries and other countries. The first edition was published in 1997, and the 4 th in The report is also available in an abridged English version and on the internet

14 ENIP - COUNTRY REPORT : NORWAY E N I P - C o u n t r y R e p o r II.2. GENERAL DATA ON COUNTRY Years in brackets: Statistics is continuous, last year available. Data/Indicators Time coverage Producer Remarks GDP 1865 (2003) SSB Series from , made accord. to international standard, SNA 1993, ESA 1995, deflated 2000 prices, chained yearly index. Main sectors (private and public end consumption, exports, imports). National economic account 1952 (2003) SSB Covers national economy in total, ca sector breakdown. Public finances SSB National and Regional Economic Accounts of public Administration. Prices / GDP deflator 1962 (2002) SSB Both volume and price indexes for main sectors. Because variations in prices of crude oil has large effects on Norway s GDP, a special GDP deflator for domestic use of goods and services is developed to facilitate international comparisons on R&D. PPP SSB Produced as part of the international cooperation (OECD, Eurostat) regarding PPPs. Population 1900 (2002) SSB Census and registers, electronic registers from late sixties. Labour force 1986 (2003) SSB Matched employer-employee data from II.3. FUNDING AND EXPENDITURES II. 3. a. OECD R&D expenditures and funding Data/Indicators Time coverage Producer Remarks Private sector R&D expenditures 1970 (2003) SSB R&D Statistics (Firms). Break in series 1993/1995 due to change in methodology. Data collected through survey every second year. Data disaggregated by source of financing, economic sector (NACE), company size, region

15 ENIP - COUNTRY REPORT : NORWAY E N I P - C o u n t r y R e p o r Covers units with more than 10 employees. All units with 50+ employees are covered. A random sample of units with employees. In addition a stratified sample of units with employees known to have a relative high level of R&D. Funding sources divided into own funds, other business (specified categories), public, abroad general, EU commission. Data on unit level are not available due to statistical confidentiality. Data are published by economic sector. Higher Education R&D expenditure 1970 (2003) NIFU STEP Research institutes which serve business are according to Frascati manual classified as part of business enterprise sector. Data are disaggregated by source of funding, category of expenditures, main economic sectors served by institution. Data collected through survey to all units every year. Data on unit level are available for several indicators, though not for R&D intensity due to statistical confidentiality. Data are published by Research Council of Norway (2003) NIFU STEP R&D statistics. Break in series 1993/1995 due to reorganisation of sector. Data collected through institutions administrative systems and survey every second year. R&D expenditures funded by general university funds (core government funding) are calculated on the basis of average time-share by department devoted to research, education and administrative activities. Average time-share is calculated on the basis of questionnaires sent to individuals by NIFU STEP every tenth year. Data disaggregated by source of financing, type of institution, institution, scientific field. Public Sector R&D 1970 (2003) NIFU STEP R&D statistics. Research institutes which serve public institutions or the public in expenditure general are according to Frascati manual classified as part of public sector. Data are disaggregated by source of funding, category of expenditures, main economic sectors served by institution. Data collected through survey to all units every year. Data on unit level are available for several indicators, though not for R&D intensity due to statistical confidentiality. Data are published by Research Council of Norway. PNP R&D expenditure 1970 (2003) NIFU STEP R&D statistics

16 ENIP - COUNTRY REPORT : NORWAY E N I P - C o u n t r y R e p o r Government R&D expenditure PNP sector is of no great importance in Norway, and is normally included in public sector (2003) NIFU STEP R&D Statistics. Government expenditures are available as part of statistics on expenditures in the higher education, public and business enterprise sectors. Nomenclature linked with Eurostat (NABS). Regional government 1970 (2003) NIFU STEP R&D Statistics. R&D expenditure Regional government expenditures are available as part of statistics on expenditures in higher education, public and business enterprise sectors. GBAORD 1970 (2004) NIFU STEP Analysis of R&D appropriations in state budget done by NIFU STEP every year. Breakdown by ministry. II. 3. b. Other funding data Data/Indicators Time coverage Producer Remarks Higher Education funding Higher Education expenses (2004) NSD Incomes by institution. Collected annually by reporting of institutions. Breakdown according to categories of national accounts (2004) NSD Expenses by institution. Collected annually by reporting of institutions. Breakdown according to categories of national accounts. Military expenditures 1970 (2004) NIFU STEP Budgetary data of the Ministry of Defence (GBAORD). Available annually as part of analysis of state budget. Contract funding 1970 (2003) NIFU STEP R&D Statistics. Available by source of funding and performing sector. Indirect funding for enterprises 2003 (2004) RCN / Ministry of Finance Tax credits for business sector R&D have been applied in Norway since Preliminary statistics available

17 ENIP - COUNTRY REPORT : NORWAY E N I P - C o u n t r y R e p o r II. 3. c. II. 3. d. Project funding Data/Indicators Time coverage Producer Remarks Project funding in Research Organisations 1970 (2003) NIFU STEP R&D Statistics. Detailed data for research institutes (public and business enterprise sector) available annually since Breakdown by source of funding. Charities 1970 (2003) NIFU STEP R&D Statistics. Data on R&D expenditures by Charity Organisations. European programs European Commission CORDIS database. National participation in Framework Programmes (2003) Research Council of Norway NIFU STEP / SSB R&D statistics. Breakdown on sources of financing shows financing from EU for Higher Education Sector, Public Sector and research institutes serving Business Enterprise Sector. II.4. S&T HUMAN RESOURCES Data/Indicators Time coverage Producer Remarks Business R&D 1970 (2003) SSB R&D Statistics. personnel Head count and FTE. Breakdown by region, gender, age, and educational level. Data collected through survey biannually. HE personnel 1970 (2003) NIFU STEP R&D Statistics. Head count: Breakdown by region, age, gender, institution, occupational category, scientific field, education and PhD. Data collected biannually through HE institutions administrative systems and surveys to the institutions. Data stored as register data on the level of the individual

18 ENIP - COUNTRY REPORT : NORWAY Public sector R&D personnel. Higher education graduates Graduates in the workforce 16 E N I P - C o u n t r y R e p o r FTE: Breakdown by region, institution, occupational category and scientific field. Data collected biannually through HE institutions administrative systems and surveys to the institutions. FTE calculated on the basis of questionnaires sent to individuals by NIFU STEP every tenth year (2004) NSD FTE. Data collected annually through reporting by institutions. Breakdown by institution and sublevel (department), financial source, occupational category, gender (2003) NIFU STEP R&D Statistics. Head count: Breakdown by region, age, gender, institution, occupational category, scientific field, education and PhD. Data collected biannually through institutions administrative systems and surveys to the institutions. Data stored as register data on the level of the individual. FTE: Breakdown by region, institution, occupational category and scientific field. Data collected biannually through HE institutions administrative systems and surveys to the institutions (2004) SSB Official statistics based on register data on individuals. Breakdown by age, gender, institution, discipline, educational level. Grouping of educations according to Norwegian standard of educations (compatible to ISCED 97) (2004) DBH Breakdown by gender, institution, institutional sub-level, educational level. Statistics reported by higher educations institutions for budgetary purposes. Grouping of educations according to functional structure of institution. Break in series occur in case of institutional reorganisation (2004) NIFU STEP Data on transition to work force are regularly collected through surveys on the level of the individual 6 months after end of university education. Some years the survey is done wilt a special focus. NIFU STEP Data on graduates in the work force are regularly collected through surveys on the level of the individual 3,5 to 5 years after end of university education. 16

19 ENIP - COUNTRY REPORT : NORWAY E N I P - C o u n t r y R e p o r PhD data 1817 (2004) NIFU STEP Doctoral Degree Register of NIFU STEP Breakdown by age, gender, institution, discipline, education, citizenship. Individual register updated twice annually. Research / education / administration in HE 1980 (2001) NIFU STEP Survey every tenth year, last time Covers all universities. Breakdown by age, gender, institution, occupation, discipline. II.5. PUBLICATIONS Data/Indicators Time coverage Producer Remarks Publications ISI 1981 (2003) NIFU STEP National Citation Report for Norway, by ISI Institutional addresses of authors harmonised by NIFU STEP. Co-publications ISI 1981 (2003) NIFU STEP National Citation Report for Norway, by ISI. Institutional addresses of authors harmonised by NIFU STEP Citations ISI 1981 (2003) NIFU STEP National Citation Report for Norway, by ISI. Institutional addresses of authors harmonised by NIFU STEP II.6. INNOVATION II. 6. a. Technology indicators Data/Indicators Time coverage Producer Remarks Technology exports / trade balance Technological Balance of Payments 1970 (2003) SSB Exports statistics, national accounts. OECD STAN data for disaggregated industries, internationally comparable data. NB/SSB/OECD Reported by OECD. Data is of poor quality and should not be used

20 ENIP - COUNTRY REPORT : NORWAY E N I P - C o u n t r y R e p o r II. 6. b. Patents Data/Indicators Time coverage Producer Remarks Patents EU EPO Will shortly be made available at NIFU STEP. Patents USA USPTO Only through USPTOs internet services. Patents in national office 1970 (2003) NPO (NIFU STEP) The Norwegian Patent Office follows EPO classifications. With EPO data on Norway coverage of patenting activity is good. Trademarks in national office NIFU STEP Available for these years only. II. 6. c. Innovation survey Data/Indicators Time coverage Producer Remarks Innovation activities in companies (innovation survey 1989, 1992, 1997, 2001, (2004) SSB Community Innovation Survey (CIS0 to CIS3 (4)). NIFU STEP has access to micro data. Manufacturing and services, construction. Some indicators for intermediate years (1995, 1999, 2003). II. 6. d. Public-private cooperation and spin-off Data/Indicators Time coverage Producer Remarks Collaboration industryacademia Spin-offs and firm demography 1986 (2003) NIFU STEP Combining mobility studies, Spin-off, patents, bibliometric, data on joint projects from NRC. DISKO collaboration survey (Nordic countries). NIFU STEP Spin-off and firm demography studies based on matched employer-employee data, Nordic comparative projects 18 18

21 ENIP - COUNTRY REPORT : NORWAY E N I P - C o u n t r y R e p o r II.7. PUBLIC UNDERSTANDING OF SCIENCE Data/Indicators Time coverage Producer Remarks Attitude of the public towards S&T 1999, 2004 NIFU STEP / SSB The first general survey of public understanding of science and technology in Norway was initiated by NIFU STEP STEP and carried out by SSB Omnibus in March of (Previous to the 1999 survey Norway had conducted parallel surveys to the Eurobarometer-surveys on biotechnology in 1993, 1996 as well as 1999.) A second survey was conducted in 2004 by the same institutions. Survey data are available from and documentation reports in Norwegian from the institute website:

22 E N I P ENIP - C - ocountry u n t r y REPORT R e p o: rnorway III. DESCRIPTION OF MAIN DATA/INDICATORS PRODUCERS III.1. OVERVIEW Statistics Norway (SSB) is Norway s official statistics producer, and produce statistics within all areas. Statistics Norway produces R&D statistics for Business Enterprise sector according to the Frascati Manual, innovation (part of CIS) and statistics on higher education (students, exams). NIFU STEP is responsible for statistics in the Higher Education sector and the Institute sector (Public sector), and produces statistics according to the Frascati manual, and is also responsible for aggregating the national R&D statistics totals. NIFU STEP also receives bibliometric data from the Institute of Scientific Information, and analyses and publishes statistics based on these data. Studies of public understanding of science, mobility of researchers, and studies on the work force with higher education is also done. The Norwegian Social Science Data Services (NSD) maintains a database containing aggregate data on organisational structure, courses and degrees, students, staff, finances, building space etc. in the higher education sector. The database is operated under contract for the Ministry of Education and Research. Other data on funding are provided by the ministries (state expenditures) and by the funding agencies (foundations etc). The Research Council of Norway has available data for grants. The Research Council also operates a tax deduction scheme for industry R&D, from which statistics on application for tax deduction is available

23 ENIP - COUNTRY REPORT : NORWAY 21 E N I P - C o u n t r y R e p o r Figure 3. The national data and indicators production system Ministry of finance Ministry of Education and Research SSB The Research Council of Norway National statistical office. R&D funding and expenditures within industrial sector; higher education statistics, innovation survey (CIS). NIFU STEP R&D funding statistics (higher education and public sector) Resources devoted to R&D (expenses and personnel) Publications and patents Public Understanding of Science Data on national patents NPO Data on higher education institutions and students NSD ISI OECD EUROSTAT 21

24 E N I P ENIP - C - ocountry u n t r y REPORT R e p o : rnorway III.2. INDIVIDUAL DESCRIPTIONS III. 2. a. Statistics Norway Name Acronym Location Web site Description Activities Statistics Norway SSB Oslo The SSB is the Norwegian statistical authority. It is part of the national administration and is responsible of the production of official statistics in Norway. A general summary is given in the Statistical Yearbook. The SSB manages also an on-line statistical database ( Available in english. In the research and higher education domain, the SSB is responsible for following activities: production of R&D statistics (both financing and expenditures) according to the Frascati manual, including the survey of R&D activities at enterprises in the business enterprise sector; production of innovations statistics (CIS) production of the higher education statistics. production of statistics on populations educational level Highlights OECD-Frascati data on R&D since Main publications Research and development in the Business Enterprise Sector Innovation Statistics in the Business Enterprise Sector 2001 Report on Science & Technology Indicators for Norway 2003 (together with NIFU STEP). Abridged English version. Availability Most data are available on the SSB website At the web site a list of contact persons per domain is available. Selected publications can be downloaded, others to be ordered in paper form. III. 2. b. NIFU STEP Studies in Innovation, Research and Education Name Acronym Location Web site Description Activities NIFU STEP Studies in Innovation, Research and Education NIFU STEP Oslo The Norwegian Institute for Studies in Research and Education (NIFU) merged with STEP-Centre for Innovation Research May 1st NIFU was established 1969, the STEP centre Statistics and indicator producer. Makes policy analysis for ministries, the Research Council of Norway, research and higher education institutions. Participates in international cooperation through OECD. Eurostat and other fora. Studies of research, educational and innovation policy, resources for research and development, development of higher education institutions, educational 22 22

25 E N I P ENIP - C - ocountry u n t r y REPORT R e p o : rnorway choice, study persistence and completion of studies, upper secondary education, the graduate labour market, innovation indicators and analysis, innovation policy and innovation systems, bibliometrics. Responsible for national R&D statistics. Highlights Detailed R&D statistics since the 1960s. Maintains individual registers on PhDs and R&D personnel within higher education and public sectors. Main publications Report on Science & Technology Indicators for Norway 2003 (together with SSB). Abridged English version. Availability List of publications available at web site. Publications after 2003 can be downloaded from the web site R&D statistics available on-line (in Norwegian) III. 2. c. The Norwegian Social Science Data Services Name Acronym Location Web site Description Activities Highlights Main publications Availability The Norwegian Social Science Data Services NSD Bergen NSD is a national resource centre servicing the research community. Its main objective is to secure easy access for the Norwegian research community to data and to provide various services. NSD runs a national database for statistics on higher education under contract for the Ministry of Education and Research. The database contains aggregate data only, on organisational structure, courses and degrees, students, staff, finances, building space etc. The database is available in Norwegian only. Data available online on (Norwegian only)

26 E N I P ENIP - C - ocountry u n t r y REPORT R e p o: rnorway IV. OVERALL ASSESSMENT Data on research and innovation system is generally good. Long and coherent time series is established within most domains. Being a small country where few institutions participate in indicator production, makes up for transparency and coherence. Information is basically available from two institutions (the NIFU STEP and SSB) which cooperate closely. Data is in general available for research. The involvement of few institutions can, on the other hand, also be a weakness as few new perspectives are brought in. This can lead to danger of one-dimensionality. Strong points: Strong position in register data on individual level for researchers in higher education and government sector. Work force data is also available on individual level. This opens for detailed analysis of mobility, educational demands etc. Detailed data on higher education and public sector R&D finances and expenses. A wide range of indicators for research institutions. Detailed publication data (ISI) where institutional addresses are harmonised. So far not fully connected to expenditure data. Weaker points: Indicators on results are so far basically limited to publications, impacts and patents. For research institutes there are some more indicators on results. New indicators for other results e.g. spin offs, commercialisation etc, thus have to be developed. Data on financing of higher education institutions have not coherent time series due to changes in organisational structure and budgetary categories reported. Data on project funding by RCN are available, but are not coherent and suitable for analysis. Detailed data on project funding for Higher Education Sector are lacking

27 E N I P ENIP - C - ocountry u n t r y REPORT R e p o: rnorway V. REFERENCES Det norske forsknings- og innovasjonssystemet - statistikk og indikatorer Norges forskningsråd. English version: Report on Science and Technology Indicators for Norway The Research Council of Norway. European Commission (2003): European Trend Chart on Innovation, Country Report Norway, Brussels

28 The ENIP project is to create a Network of S&T Indicators Producers, based on the experience of recognised institutions, labs or groups, and to develop the capacity for the interpretation of existing indicators and for the research and development of new ones. The ENIP project is producing through its action a comparison analysis between a significant number of European countries, identify European partners where action is needed and areas of further action. This will contribute for a more thorough knowledge of available data and new indicators development necessary to strengthen the comparability of data across Europe and the interaction between the relevant actors. This is essential to build a long term European Network of Indicators Producers. This document is a National Report which first presents briefly the national structure of R&D in the country surveyed; the following parts are composed of : a list of the national S&T-related databases as well as their availability, a description of the national structure of S&T indicators production, a brief description of the main Data/Indicators producers. In the first ENIP phase, the following reports are published : Austria, Michael Dinges, Joanneum Research - Institute of Technology and Regional Policy - InTeReg France, Jean Thèves, Laurence Esterle, Observatoire des sciences et des techniques (OST) Germany, Rainer Frietsch, Fraunhofer Institute Systems and Innovation Research Hungary, Annamária Inzelt, IKU Innovation Research Centre Israel, Daphne Getz, The Samuel Neaman Institute for Advanced Studies in Science and Technology Italy, Bianca Poti, Emanuela Reale, CNR CERIS Norway, Stig Slipersæter, Anders Ekeland, NIFU STEP Portugal, Luisa Henriques, Tiago Santos Pereira, CISEP / CES Spain, Isabel Gómez, Luis Sanz-Menéndez, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC) Switzerland, Benedetto Lepori, Università della Svizzera Italiana (UNISI) An extension to all European countries is foreseen.