Dual-Output Linear Power Supply
|
|
- Reginald Campbell
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 ECE 2B Lab #2 Lab 2 Dual-Output Linear Power Supply Overview In this lab you will construct a regulated DC power supply to provide a low-ripple adjustable dual-output voltage in the range 5-12 VDC at 0.2 Amps (maximum) load current from a 120 VAC power outlet. This will be used to provide power to circuits you will construct in later labs in ECE 2. Figure 2-1 Photo of the finished product (some components not shown). 1 Bob York
2 2 Dual-Output Linear Power Supply Power supplies are essential components of any microelectronic system. This lab is intended to provide a basic understanding of the design and operation of linear supplies, and techniques for construction of hardwired electronic circuit modules. In this lab you will gain experience with: Power transformers Diode bridge rectifiers Capacitive loading for ripple rejection Use of IC voltage regulators Basic soldering techniques The objective of the lab is not simply to create a working circuit; it is to learn about circuits. So, as you progress through the lab, try to understand the role of each component, and how the choice of component value may influence the operation of the circuit. Ask yourself questions such as: Why is this resistor here? Why was this particular integrated circuit chosen? How could the system be improved? It is only when you can answer such questions that you will progress towards designing your own circuits. Table of Contents Background information 3 Basics of Linear Power Supply Design 3 Voltage Regulation 4 Pre-lab Preparation 6 Before Coming to the Lab 6 Parts List 6 Full Schematic and Board Layout for Lab #2 7 In-Lab Procedure AC Power Transformer Full-Wave Bridge Rectifier Filtering Capacitors Adjustable Voltage Regulators 12 LM317 Positive Regulator Circuit 12 LM337 Negative Regulator Circuit Finishing Touches 14 Optional Enclosure 14 Bob York 2
3 Background information 3 Background information Basics of Linear Power Supply Design The simplest type of DC power supply is a so-called linear supply, shown schematically in Figure A transformer is used to step down the AC line voltage to a smaller peak voltage V m, which must be somewhat larger than the ultimately desired DC output. A diode circuit rectifies the AC signal and a capacitive filter bank is then used to smooth or filter the rectified sinusoid, producing a waveform with predominant DC component. Under normal loading conditions there is always some residual periodic variation or ripple in the filtered signal. If the application requires very low ripple and constant DC output over a wide range of loading conditions, then active regulation is required to further reduce or eliminate this residual ripple. Most active regulator circuits will require a certain minimum input-output voltage differential for proper operation. V m sin t I out To AC line Transformer Rectifier Filter Regulator + V out - Load V out Figure 2-2 Components of a typical linear power supply In Lab 1 we discussed diode rectifiers so the transformer and rectifier combination should be easy to understand. Let s therefore start by focusing on the selection of the shunt capacitor. Figure 2-3 shows an unregulated supply with a fullwave bridge rectifier followed by a filtering capacitor C and a load resistance R connected at the output terminals (thus forming an RC time constants). By making the shunt capacitance big enough we can insure that the timeconstant for discharging the capacitor through the load is long Transformer Bridge Rectifier compared to the oscillation period, so the output remains approximately constant. In this way the capacitor effectively filters out the rapidly varying component of the rectified sinusoid to produce a nearly constant DC voltage. 1 This is a simple but somewhat bulky and inefficient power-supply. So-called switch-mode or switching power supplies are more compact and efficient, but a bit more difficult to understand. C + I out V out Figure 2-3 Simple DC supply without active regulation. + - R 3 Bob York
4 4 Dual-Output Linear Power Supply The detailed action of the filter capacitor and load Voltage V resistor combination is shown V p in Figure 2-4. As the rectified sinusoidal waveform begins to increase the T/2T capacitor charges up and the Time voltage across it increases. Charging Discharging On the downward portion of Figure 2-4 Effect of the filtering capacitor on the rectified the rectified waveform the sinusoid under resistive loading conditions. capacitor discharges into the load and the voltage across it decreases. The cycle then repeats, resulting in a periodic ripple of magnitude V in the output waveform. To minimize this voltage droop, we must choose a sufficiently large capacitor so that the RC time constant is much greater than the oscillation period T 1/ f. Clearly the choice of this capacitor is critically dependent on the load resistance, or maximum desired load current. As the load resistance goes down, the required capacitance goes up. Another equivalent way to understand this point is as follows: during the time period when the rectified sinusoid is low, the load current required to maintain a constant output voltage must come entirely from the stored charge on the capacitor. If the load requires a large current, a large amount of charge must be stored, requiring a large capacitor. We can quantify these points in a simple way using the governing equation for a capacitor. During the discharging period the current is related to the capacitance and voltage droop by dv V I T V I C C C out (2.1) dt T /2 2 V 2R f V where we assumed that the voltage droop was relatively small so that the derivative could be approximated. This equation can be used to find the required filtering capacitance for a given load current and desired voltage droop. Clearly we can never make V zero with practical capacitors, and hence there is always some residual voltage droop. That brings us to a discussion of active regulator circuits. Voltage Regulation An active regulator circuit is inserted between the filtering capacitor and the load as shown in Figure 2-5. There are many different ways of achieving active regulation; we describe one simple scheme, outlined in Figure Transformer Bridge Rectifier 2-6. The basic idea is to use feedback to control the amount of current going to the load. In the figure, a voltage-controlled pass resistor is used to control the current flow (this is usually realized with a transistor). A differential amplifier (such as an op-amp) compares the output signal against a reference voltage (provided by a zener diode in this case) and generates an error signal based on this difference. The action of this negative feedback loop forces the output to remain constant at some value that is proportional to V ref, where the proportionality factor is set by the resistor divider at the output. If the output goes too high, C + Active Regulator I out + V out Figure 2-5 Use of active regulators to minimize ripple or droop. - R Bob York 4
5 Background information 5 the series pass resistance is increased; if the output goes too low, the pass resistance is reduced. These kinds of circuits can operate very quickly, stabilizing the output even when the unregulated DC input may fluctuate rapidly. Voltage-controlled resistor I out Power supplies with very low ripple can be Unregulated made using active regulation, but please note DC V out R that the conceptual regulator schematic Figure V ref 2-6 leaves out many important details, e.g. the implementation of the voltage-controlled resistor, or the biasing of the difference amplifier. Such details can increase the Figure 2-6 A simple active regulator (conceptual schematic). complexity of the circuit significantly. Practical regulator circuits may also include additional functionality such as current limiting, where the output current is not allowed to exceed a certain threshold, and thermal shutdown in which case the output is shut off if the temperature of the circuit exceeds a certain threshold. Designers of regulator circuits may also use more sophisticated circuits to produce a stable reference voltage. Nowadays it is rare to design your own regulator circuit from scratch since there are many useful ICs on the market that were designed specifically for this purpose. You will use two of them in this lab, the LM317 and LM337. The kind of regulator we ve just discussed is simple and easy to use, but is very inefficient. To operate correctly the input voltage must be substantially higher than the output voltage. For example, a regulated 5V output might require an unregulated 9V input, so at a load current of 1A there would be 4Watts dissipated in the regulator circuit. In addition to being very inefficient (5W out/9w in = 56% in this example), the regulator circuit will get very hot and require special provisions for heat removal. These kinds of problems are overcome nowadays using switch-mode power supplies, but these circuits are a bit more difficult to understand. We will explore a simple type of switching converter in Lab 5. The final point of discussion concerns making dual DC supplies with both positive and negative output voltages. This is usually done using a center-tapped transformer, shown in Figure 2-7, where a third Center-Tapped Bridge wire is attached to the Transformer Rectifier Positive + V pos middle of the secondary + Regulator winding. If this terminal is C taken as the common Common ground point in the secondary circuit, then the C Negative voltages taken at opposite Regulator V neg ends of the winding will be Figure 2-7 Basic dual-supply system using a center-tapped positive or negative with transformer and two regulators. Note the polarity of the filtering respect to this point. We capacitor in the negative supply circuit in the figure above. can then add separate positive and negative regulator circuits as shown. Many op-amp circuits have historically used dual-output power supplies of this type. It is possible to add additional circuitry to force the outputs to track each other precisely, so that the positive and negative supply voltages are exactly the same in magnitude; this is often used in precision instrumentation or highquality audio applications. We will not construct this type of tracking power supply. Instead, we will make two independently adjustable positive and negative output voltages. 5 Bob York
6 6 Dual-Output Linear Power Supply Pre-lab Preparation Before Coming to the Lab Read through the lab experiment to familiarize yourself with the components and assembly sequence. Before coming to the lab, each lab group should obtain a parts kit from the ECE Shop. If you have not yet done so, remember to purchase a soldering iron (one for each group) stand, and roll of solder, as well as small tools (wire cutter/stripper, needle-nose pliers, screwdriver, etc.). As of 2007 all ECE labs at UCSB use lead-free solder, and this requires a somewhat more expensive soldering iron than you might find at a local hardware store. Optional: simulate the regulated supply using Circuit Maker or MultiSim (circuit files available on the course web site). Parts List This kit has a lot of parts. Be sure you have all the parts below and can identify each component. If you do not have some of the resistors in your kit, please locate the correct values in the resistor cabinet in the lab. Qty Description 1 Power Transformer (output 1 In-line 3AG fuse housing, #18 wire 1 120V 3-prong power cord w/pigtail 2 3AG Fuse, 0.5A 250V 1 SPST Power Switch 4 Silicon Rectifier Diodes, 1N4002 (1A, 100V, DO-41) 1 LM317T 3-terminal Adj. Pos Regulator (TO-220) 1 LM337T 3-terminal Adj. Neg. Regulator (TO-220) 1 Red LED (T1 3/4, 20mA) 1 Green LED (T1 3/4, 20mA) 2 5k trimpot (Bourns 3/8" thumbwheel type) Ohm 1/4 Watt resistor 2 1k-Ohm 1/4 Watt resistor 2 10uF 25V electrolytic capacitor (PC lead) To be assembled by ECE Shop w/heatshrink tubing over 120V connections uF 35V electrolytic capacitors (PC lead, 0.197" (5mm) spacing) Ohm, 0.5 Watt resistor /4" machine screw (for transformer) nuts 2 TO-220 Heatsink 80C) 2 Mounting hardware for TO-220 heatsink 1 Female Header 3-pos 0.1" spacing (tin) 8 Male breakaway headers 0.1" spacing (tin) 1 PC Board (Sunstone BY001) 4 3/8" threaded standoffs (4-40) 8 machine screws 4-40, 3/16" long (for standoffs) Bob York 6
7 Pre-lab Preparation 7 Full Schematic and Board Layout for Lab #2 Figure 2-8 Complete schematic for ECE 2 Dual-Output Adjustable Regulated Power Supply. Figure 2-9 PC Board for Lab 2 7 Bob York
8 8 Dual-Output Linear Power Supply In-Lab Procedure Follow the instructions below CAREFULLY. Failure to do so could result in serious damage to the lab equipment, destruction of parts, and possible injury to you and your lab partner. Each critical step begins with a check box like the one at the left. When you complete a step, check the associated box. Follow the instructions below and carefully document your results for inclusion in your lab report. 2.1 AC Power Transformer You will be given a power transformer that is prewired to a 120V AC power cord with an inline fuse and power switch, similar to Figure All 120V AC connections have been covered with heat-shrink tubing to protect you from accidentally touching the leads. Nevertheless, take care when handling these wires; do not yank or twist the connections. There should already be a fuse in the fuse-holder, and you have extras in your parts kit. AC power On/Off Fuse 1A Earth ground Figure 2-10 (a) Power transformer with AC power cord and in-line fuse attached; (b) Equivalent circuit for the assembly. The transformers for this lab are designed for a 120 VAC input (primary) and an 18VAC center-tapped output (secondary), and rated for ~1 Amp in the secondary. The ECE shop is always looking for the lowest cost parts so you may not receive the same transformer pictured in Figure 2-10, and depending on the actual unit the leads may not have the same color coding. Two possibilities are shown in Figure Blue Jameco Yellow Black Stancor P-8691 Blue 240 VAC 120 VAC Red 9 VAC Black 9 VAC 120 VAC 9 VAC Blue w/ Stripe 9 VAC Black Yellow Black Blue Figure 2-11 Schematics for two transformers that may be used in this lab. If the primary has a center-tap (as for the Jameco part shown in Figure 2-10a) then one of the leads is not needed and will be covered up by the shop (a center-tapped primary allows the transformer to be used in other countries where wall outlets are at 240V instead of the Bob York 8
9 Full-Wave Bridge Rectifier 9 120V U.S. standard). It is important to remember that VAC implies an rms voltage, so 18VAC means something in excess of V peak-peak. Transformers are usually rated conservatively at the maximum current level, and due to the properties of the magnetic cores the output voltage may be significantly higher than the spec at low current levels. First attach the four 3/8 hex standoffs and 3/ machine screws (Figure 2-12) to the four holes on the corners of the PC board. These will keep the board elevated off the lab bench and help avoid the possibility of accidentally shorting some of the solder connections on the backside. Next, use the ¼ 4-40 machine screws and nuts to securely attach the power transformer assembly to the circuit board. Attach the green earth ground to the case of the transformer using one of these screws. Now solder the three wires for the secondary into the appropriate place on the PC board. Do the Figure 2-12 PC Board standoffs. center-tap first. If you aren t sure which wire is the center-tap, please consult with your TA. Insert the wire through the hole and bend slightly to hold in place. Remember: a good solder joint is shiny, with the solder flowing nicely around the wire and solder pad. A bad joint is a easily identifiable as a dull gray lumpy blob, and occurs when the wire and copper pad are not sufficiently hot. Trim the excess wire afterwards. 2.2 Full-Wave Bridge Rectifier A full-wave diode bridge is used to rectify the AC signal. The diodes must be capable of sustaining the maximum expected current and voltage. We will use a 1N400x device rated at 1A and >100V. These devices are usually Figure 2-13 Diode symbol and axial-lead packaged as shown in Figure 2-13, with a white package markings. A 1N4005 is shown here band marking the cathode. Solder the bridge rectifier (Diodes D1-D4) onto the circuit board. Carefully note the polarity of the diodes, and trim the excess leads afterwards. Find the breakaway header pins in your kit as shown in Figure They can be broken off individually with small pliers and soldered into the various test points on the PC board. Do this for the test points marked GND, +Rect Out, and Rect Out (see Figure 2-9). It may help to have a lab partner hold the pin in place with pliers while soldering. Check to see if there is a fuse in the fuse-holder. If not, insert one from your parts kit (you should also have a spare). Double check your connections and soldering with a TA and Figure 2-14 Breakaway header pins. then apply AC power. Using your oscilloscope with the common (black) leads connected to the circuit GND, record the positive and negative rectified waveforms at the +RectOut and RectOut test points in your LAB RECORD, taking care to note the peak amplitude 9 Bob York
10 10 Dual-Output Linear Power Supply in each case. Also note and record the oscillation period (in milliseconds) and mark on your graph. You may observe some distortion in the rectified sinusoid. Note: If at any time your circuit doesn t appear to be working, first check the fuse! Errors in assembly or soldering during the lab may lead to a short-circuit which might blow the fuse. If this happens (and it often does), be sure to identify and fix the error before replacing the fuse. 2.3 Filtering Capacitors The next step is to smooth the rectified waveform to obtain a constant DC voltage. By adding a sufficiently large shunt capacitance at the output of the bridge rectifier we can insure that the time-constant for discharging the capacitor through the load is long compared to the oscillation period. Clearly the loading conditions play a big role in determining the required size of the filtering capacitor. If the load resistance is small, a large capacitor is needed to keep the RC time constant sufficiently large. Another way of thinking about this is that the capacitor must supply all the current to the load during the time that the rectified signal is low. If the load resistance is small it will draw a significant current, thus requiring a large capacitor to store the necessary charge. Large capacitors are usually of the electrolytic type as shown in Figure Recall from ECE 2A that these have a specific polarization and maximum voltage. Markings on the case indicate which lead is positive (+) or negative (-), as well as the capacitance value and maximum voltage. Remember: Mounting the capacitor backwards or exceeding the maximum voltage WILL cause the device to explode, sometimes dramatically and dangerously. In addition, since large-value capacitors can store a lot of charge they are capable of delivering an unpleasant electrostatic zap. In this lab we will eventually provide a resistive discharge path for the capacitors through some LEDs, but as a general precaution: Value and voltage rating printed on package Long-lead is positive - sign on package indicates negative lead Figure 2-15 Electrolytic capacitor. Avoid touching the leads on a large electrolytic after it has been charged With the power off, add one of the electrolytic capacitors (C1 and C3) at the outputs of the bridge rectifier, with a small 0.1Ω resistor (Rs) in series with C1 as shown in Figure Solder the components in place after double-checking the capacitor polarity. Attach the power resistor decade box as the load impedance on the positive supply output as shown in Figure 2-16, and adjust to 555,555. This setting will protect you initially against accidentally shorting out the supply circuit. Now turn on the power and record the output voltage with a multimeter. Examine the output waveform on the oscilloscope. For this large load resistance the output voltage should be almost perfectly constant. The capacitor charges quickly to this peak value, and the small load current does not discharge the capacitor significantly. Bob York 10
11 Filtering Capacitors 11 Our objective is to supply at least 200mA at the maximum +Rect DC voltages. What is the smallest load resistance that we 1A C 1 can use without exceeding 0.2 R L R A? (Hint: use Ohms law). s 0.1Ω Record this value in your GND notebook, and set the decade box to this value and record the C 3 -Rect output voltage waveform. You should see evidence of voltage Figure 2-16 Schematic relevant to most of step 2.3; use droop. It may help to AC couple the bench decade box for the load resistance R L. the scope input so you can expand the vertical scale. Record the droopy waveform in your notebook. Observe and record the voltage waveform across the sense resistor Rs at the test point marked Charging Transient. You may want to add another of the breakaway header pins to make it easier to connect to this node. Using a small series resistance is a common way of measuring or sensing the current flow in a certain path without significantly perturbing the circuit. From your measurement, calculate the peak current flowing into the capacitor during the charging period, and record this in your notebook. Before proceeding, turn off the AC power!! In order for our voltage regulator to work effectively, the input voltage must stay well above the maximum desired output DC voltage, so we must keep the voltage droop small. What is the minimum required capacitance that will maintain <1V ripple under maximum current (minimum load resistance) conditions? Record this in your notebook, and solder extra capacitors (C2 & C4 in Figure 2-8) as needed. Power up and record the output waveforms under maximum current (minimum load resistance) conditions with the additional capacitors in place. Repeat this step for the negative supply output as well. Before proceeding, turn off the AC power!! Now add the LEDs and associated bias resistors (R3 and R6; see the complete schematic in Figure 2-8). Be sure to insert them in the correct polarity! The PC should indicate the orientation of the flat, but if you aren t sure about the polarity, ask the TA or review information in Lab 1. The LEDs here serve a dual purpose: they not only indicate when the circuit is on and functioning, they also help discharge the large capacitors when the power is disconnected. When you are finished, turn on the circuit to verify that the LEDs are functioning, then turn off the power: you will observe that the LEDs continue to stay light for a brief period while the capacitors are discharging. 11 Bob York
12 12 Dual-Output Linear Power Supply 2.4 Adjustable Voltage Regulators LM317 Positive Regulator Circuit We will use two popular voltage regulator ICs the LM317 (positive voltage) and LM337 (negative voltage). Figure 2-17 shows a portion of the data sheet showing a typical connection for an adjustable positive supply using the LM317. The resistor divider provides feedback to the IC proportional to the output voltage, so that it can increase or decrease the current as needed. The chip is designed so that the output voltage is given by R2 Vout R2 (2.2) R1 In our circuit we are using 470Ω for R1; can you see why? Calculate the range of V out that you can expect from (2.2) for the input voltage that you measured in the previous section. The datasheet provides guidance on selecting the two capacitors shown in Figure The capacitor at the V in terminal is only recommended if the device is more than 6 inches from the filter capacitors, and a capacitance at the V out terminal of F is recommended (we chose 10μF). Before soldering the LM317 into place, attach it to the small aluminum heatsink using the mounting hardware included in your kit. If your heatsink has mounting tabs like the one shown in Figure 2-18, either break them off or orient them upwards away from the PC board. Note the insulating gasket is not Figure 2-17 Circuit connection for LM317 adjustable regulator and pin assignments in the TO-220 package. Figure 2-18 Heatsink and mounting hardware, and photo of the assembled regulator circuit in place. critical in this circuit; these are only necessary when it is important to electrically isolate the metal case of the LM317 (here at V out potential) from the heatsink. Note: heatsinking of active devices is always critical for the circuit to function properly and to maintain a long operating lifetime. Since this is an adjustable regulator, the output DC voltage can be significantly different from the input voltage. This means that there may be a large voltage drop across the device ( V out V in ). This voltage drop multiplied by the maximum load current is the maximum power that must be dissipated. Heatsinks provide Bob York 12
13 Adjustable Voltage Regulators 13 additional surface area to help remove the waste heat by convection to the surrounding air. For a given power dissipation, the heatsinks must be designed to keep the device case temperature below some value specified in the datasheet. The small heatsink we are using is specified to keep the temperature rise below 80ºC at power levels less than a few Watts. With AC power disconnected, solder the additional regulator components (C5, R1-R2, and the LM317) into the positive supply circuit as shown in Figure Resistor R2 is an adjustable trimmer potentiometer or trimpot, which can be adjusted from 0-5k. You may also wish to add male header pins to the test point marked Vout. Connect the power resistor decade box to the output terminal to provide a >100k load. Power up the Wiper Figure 2-19 Positive regulator circuit and the thumbwheel-type potentiometer used for R2. circuit. Using a multimeter to monitor the DC output voltage, adjust R2 and record the range of DC output voltages obtainable. Set the output voltage to around +12V and reduce the load resistance to give a current of 0.2A). Now observe the output voltage waveform on the oscilloscope. You should no longer observe any large droop in the waveform, since the IC regulator is working to maintain a constant output voltage. Zoom in on the waveform using your oscilloscope (AC couple the input and expand the scale): you can still see some residual ripple, but it is very small; nevertheless, in high gain, high sensitivity circuits, such minor supply irregularities can cause problems. Bigger filter capacitors and more complex voltage regulation is required to reduce this ripple further. Now adjust the output voltage to +5V and adjust the load resistance for 0.2A at this new output voltage. Leave the circuit on for about 5 min., and then touch the heatsink on the LM317 (if you left off the insulating washer the heatsink will only be at +12V potential which is harmless). Is it warm? Before proceeding, turn off the AC power!! LM337 Negative Regulator Circuit Repeat the above assembly steps for the negative supply regulator circuit using the LM337. You may wish to consult the full schematic in Figure 2-8 and the data sheet for the LM337. Note that the pin assignments for the LM337 is different than the LM317. Turn on the AC power and verify the correct operation of the negative regulator circuit with a multimeter. You do not need to repeat the steps involving waveform observations and loading effects. 13 Bob York
14 14 Dual-Output Linear Power Supply 2.5 Finishing Touches The last step makes the circuit a little easier for us to use later on: Your kit should have a 3-terminal female header block similar to the one shown in Figure Solder this into the designated place on the PC board. Although these headers are designed to mate with the male header pins used earlier, they also work really well with the #22 AWG jumper wires that we use with our solderless breadboards. So this header block allows for very convenient power connections to the solderless breadboards. Finally, demonstrate your working power supply to the Figure 2-20 Female header TA. block for output connections. Optional Enclosure In practical prototyping work it is smart practice to complete a circuit by placing it in an enclosure of some sort. This protects the circuit and also provides a convenient surface for attaching indicator lights, output terminals, fuses, switches, buttons, etc. While it is not necessary for this lab, the shop does sell some suitable enclosures and associated hardware for this lab. Congratulations! You have now completed Lab 2 Notes on the Report Important items for inclusion and discussion include (but are not limited to) the following: Bridge Rectifier: Include plots or sketches of the measured and annotated rectified waveforms. (simple grids are provided in the powerpoint file Lab 2 pics ). Filter capacitors: Describe the unregulated open-circuit output voltage and the load resistance for a 0.2A load current. Include plots or sketches of the voltage waveforms under maximum load current conditions, and discuss the capacitance required to achieve <1V droop under these conditions. Also include the charging current waveform measured with the help of the sense resistor Rs. Regulator circuits: What range of output voltages were you able to realize? What was the residual output ripple under maximum output conditions 0.2A)? Bob York 14
ECEN 1400, Introduction to Analog and Digital Electronics
ECEN 1400, Introduction to Analog and Digital Electronics Lab 4: Power supply 1 INTRODUCTION This lab will span two lab periods. In this lab, you will create the power supply that transforms the AC wall
More informationKit 106. 50 Watt Audio Amplifier
Kit 106 50 Watt Audio Amplifier T his kit is based on an amazing IC amplifier module from ST Electronics, the TDA7294 It is intended for use as a high quality audio class AB amplifier in hi-fi applications
More informationPOWER SUPPLY MODEL XP-15. Instruction Manual ELENCO
POWER SUPPLY MODEL XP-15 Instruction Manual ELENCO Copyright 2013 by Elenco Electronics, Inc. REV-A 753020 All rights reserved. No part of this book shall be reproduced by any means; electronic, photocopying,
More informationLM 358 Op Amp. If you have small signals and need a more useful reading we could amplify it using the op amp, this is commonly used in sensors.
LM 358 Op Amp S k i l l L e v e l : I n t e r m e d i a t e OVERVIEW The LM 358 is a duel single supply operational amplifier. As it is a single supply it eliminates the need for a duel power supply, thus
More informationObjectives: Part 1: Build a simple power supply. CS99S Laboratory 1
CS99S Laboratory 1 Objectives: 1. Become familiar with the breadboard 2. Build a logic power supply 3. Use switches to make 1s and 0s 4. Use LEDs to observe 1s and 0s 5. Make a simple oscillator 6. Use
More informationSYMMETRIC 1A POWER SUPPLY K8042
SYMMETRIC 1A POWER SUPPLY K8042 Low cost universal symmetric power supply ILLUSTRATED ASSEMBLY MANUAL H8042IP-1 Features & Specifications Features low cost universal symmetric power supply just add a suitable
More informationCONSTRUCTING A VARIABLE POWER SUPPLY UNIT
CONSTRUCTING A VARIABLE POWER SUPPLY UNIT Building a power supply is a good way to put into practice many of the ideas we have been studying about electrical power so far. Most often, power supplies are
More informationPower Supplies. 1.0 Power Supply Basics. www.learnabout-electronics.org. Module
Module 1 www.learnabout-electronics.org Power Supplies 1.0 Power Supply Basics What you ll learn in Module 1 Section 1.0 Power Supply Basics. Basic functions of a power supply. Safety aspects of working
More informationMore Op-Amp Circuits; Temperature Sensing
ECE 2A Lab #5 Lab 5 More OpAmp Circuits; Temperature Sensing Overview In this lab we will continue our exploration of opamps but this time in the context of a specific application: temperature sensing.
More informationJoule Thief 3.0 Kit. June 2012, Rev 1 1 http://www.easternvoltageresearch.com Joule Thief 3.0
Kit Instruction Manual Eastern Voltage Research, LLC June 2012, Rev 1 1 http://www.easternvoltageresearch.com HIGH BRIGHTNESS LED THIS KIT USES A 1W CREE, HIGH BRIGHTNESS LED. DO NOT STARE AT THIS (OR
More informationAnalog Electronics I. Laboratory
Analog Electronics I Laboratory Exercise 1 DC Power Supply Circuits Aim of the exercise The aim of this laboratory exercise is to become familiar with rectifying circuits and voltage stabilization techniques
More informationGLOLAB Universal Telephone Hold
GLOLAB Universal Telephone Hold 1 UNIVERSAL HOLD CIRCUIT If you have touch tone telephone service, you can now put a call on hold from any phone in the house, even from cordless phones and phones without
More informationANADOLU UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
ANADOLU UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING EEM 102 INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT 9: DIODES AND DC POWER SUPPLY OBJECTIVE: To observe how a diode functions
More informationRectifier circuits & DC power supplies
Rectifier circuits & DC power supplies Goal: Generate the DC voltages needed for most electronics starting with the AC power that comes through the power line? 120 V RMS f = 60 Hz T = 1667 ms) = )sin How
More informationTransistor Amplifiers
Physics 3330 Experiment #7 Fall 1999 Transistor Amplifiers Purpose The aim of this experiment is to develop a bipolar transistor amplifier with a voltage gain of minus 25. The amplifier must accept input
More information= V peak 2 = 0.707V peak
BASIC ELECTRONICS - RECTIFICATION AND FILTERING PURPOSE Suppose that you wanted to build a simple DC electronic power supply, which operated off of an AC input (e.g., something you might plug into a standard
More informationBUILDING INSTRUCTIONS
etap2hw 38 mm I2C to LCD Interface BUILDING INSTRUCTIONS October 2013 P. Verbruggen Rev 1.01 15-Oct-13 Page 1 Table of Contents Chapter 1 General Information 1.1 ESD Precautions 1.2 Further Supplies 1.3
More informationSee Horenstein 4.3 and 4.4
EE 462: Laboratory # 4 DC Power Supply Circuits Using Diodes by Drs. A.V. Radun and K.D. Donohue (2/14/07) Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Kentucky Lexington, KY 40506 Updated
More informationSimple Op-Amp Circuits
ECE A Lab #4 Lab 4 Simple OpAmp Circuits Overview In this lab we introduce the operationalamplifier (opamp), an active circuit that is designed for certain characteristics (high input resistance, low output
More informationBipolar Transistor Amplifiers
Physics 3330 Experiment #7 Fall 2005 Bipolar Transistor Amplifiers Purpose The aim of this experiment is to construct a bipolar transistor amplifier with a voltage gain of minus 25. The amplifier must
More informationGLOLAB Two Wire Stepper Motor Positioner
Introduction A simple and inexpensive way to remotely rotate a display or object is with a positioner that uses a stepper motor to rotate it. The motor is driven by a circuit mounted near the motor and
More informationChapter 3. Diodes and Applications. Introduction [5], [6]
Chapter 3 Diodes and Applications Introduction [5], [6] Diode is the most basic of semiconductor device. It should be noted that the term of diode refers to the basic p-n junction diode. All other diode
More informationOperational Amplifier - IC 741
Operational Amplifier - IC 741 Tabish December 2005 Aim: To study the working of an 741 operational amplifier by conducting the following experiments: (a) Input bias current measurement (b) Input offset
More informationLab 3 Rectifier Circuits
ECET 242 Electronic Circuits Lab 3 Rectifier Circuits Page 1 of 5 Name: Objective: Students successfully completing this lab exercise will accomplish the following objectives: 1. Learn how to construct
More informationAssembly and User Guide
1 Amp Adjustable Electronic Load 30V Max, 1 Amp, 20 Watts Powered by: 9V Battery Assembly and User Guide Pico Load is a convenient constant current load for testing batteries and power supplies. The digital
More information200W DISCRETE POWER AMPLIFIER K8060
H8060IP-1 200W DISCRETE POWER AMPLIFIER K8060 Ideal for active speaker system or subwoofer, guitar amp, home theatre systems, instrument amp, etc. Features & Specifications Specifications: Excellent value
More informationExperiment 2 Diode Applications: Rectifiers
ECE 3550 - Practicum Fall 2007 Experiment 2 Diode Applications: Rectifiers Objectives 1. To investigate the characteristics of half-wave and full-wave rectifier circuits. 2. To recognize the usefulness
More informationAS2815. 1.5A Low Dropout Voltage Regulator Adjustable & Fixed Output, Fast Response
1.5A Low Dropout oltage Regulator Adjustable & Fixed Output, Fast Response FEATURES Adjustable Output Down To 1.2 Fixed Output oltages 1.5, 2.5, 3.3, 5.0 Output Current of 1.5A Low Dropout oltage 1.1 Typ.
More informationGermanium Diode AM Radio
Germanium Diode AM Radio LAB 3 3.1 Introduction In this laboratory exercise you will build a germanium diode based AM (Medium Wave) radio. Earliest radios used simple diode detector circuits. The diodes
More informationTotal solder points: 57 Difficulty level: beginner 1 2 3 4 5 advanced 3 TO 30VDC / 3A POWER SUPPLY K7203 ILLUSTRATED ASSEMBLY MANUAL H7203IP-1
Total solder points: 57 Difficulty level: beginner 1 2 3 4 5 advanced 3 TO 30VDC / 3A POWER SUPPLY K7203 A power supply for all our kits, based on a stabilised DC voltage of 30V. ILLUSTRATED ASSEMBLY MANUAL
More informationTEECES DOME LIGHTING SYSTEMS
This lighting system was designed by John V (Teeces) to be a simple, customizable, expandable and affordable solution for dome lighting. An Arduino micro-controller is used to tell LED driver chips which
More informationBuilding the AMP Amplifier
Building the AMP Amplifier Introduction For about 80 years it has been possible to amplify voltage differences and to increase the associated power, first with vacuum tubes using electrons from a hot filament;
More informationAC Direct Off-Line Power Supplies
AC Direct Off-Line Power Supplies r Introduction Many DC power supplies found in electronic systems, including those in this Tech School, rectify the 120 volts available at an electric outlet. The initial
More informationAC-DC Converter Application Guidelines
AC-DC Converter Application Guidelines 1. Foreword The following guidelines should be carefully read prior to converter use. Improper use may result in the risk of electric shock, damaging the converter,
More informationOdyssey of the Mind Technology Fair. Simple Electronics
Simple Electronics 1. Terms volts, amps, ohms, watts, positive, negative, AC, DC 2. Matching voltages a. Series vs. parallel 3. Battery capacity 4. Simple electronic circuit light bulb 5. Chose the right
More informationTotal solder points: 205 Difficulty level: beginner 1 2 3 4 5 advanced UNIVERSAL BATTERY CHARGER / DISCHARGER K7300 ILLUSTRATED ASSEMBLY MANUAL
Total solder points: 205 Difficulty level: beginner 1 2 3 4 5 advanced UNIVERSAL BATTERY CHARGER / DISCHARGER K7300 Automatic (dis)charging of both NiCd and NiMH batteries. ILLUSTRATED ASSEMBLY MANUAL
More informationWD7S PRODUCTIONS HIGH VOLTAGE POWER SUPPLY BOARD HV-2
HIGH VOLTAGE POWER SUPPLY BOARD WARNING WARNING WARNING THIS POWER SUPPLY USES LETHAL VOLTAGES THIS IS NOT A BEGINNERS PROJECT!! IF YOU HAVE NEVER WORKED WITH HIGH VOLTAGE BEFORE, SEEK ANOTHER S ADVICE
More informationDiode Applications. by Kenneth A. Kuhn Sept. 1, 2008. This note illustrates some common applications of diodes.
by Kenneth A. Kuhn Sept. 1, 2008 This note illustrates some common applications of diodes. Power supply applications A common application for diodes is converting AC to DC. Although half-wave rectification
More informationThe D.C Power Supply
The D.C Power Supply Voltage Step Down Electrical Isolation Converts Bipolar signal to Unipolar Half or Full wave Smoothes the voltage variation Still has some ripples Reduce ripples Stabilize the output
More informationUsers Guide for the Non-Inverted LM3886 Kit
Users Guide for the Non-Inverted LM3886 Kit Chipamp.com 1 (14) Users Guide for the Non-Inverted LM3886 Kit 1 INTRODUCTION... 2 1.1 TERMINOLOGY USED IN THIS DOCUMENT... 2 1.2 AMPLIFIER BOARD SCHEMATIC...
More informationThe full wave rectifier consists of two diodes and a resister as shown in Figure
The Full-Wave Rectifier The full wave rectifier consists of two diodes and a resister as shown in Figure The transformer has a centre-tapped secondary winding. This secondary winding has a lead attached
More informationLM138 LM338 5-Amp Adjustable Regulators
LM138 LM338 5-Amp Adjustable Regulators General Description The LM138 series of adjustable 3-terminal positive voltage regulators is capable of supplying in excess of 5A over a 1 2V to 32V output range
More informationLab Equipment: Using Your Tools. 2008 Oregon State University ECE 322 Manual Page 1
SECTION ONE Lab Equipment: Using Your Tools 2008 Oregon State University ECE 322 Manual Page 1 Section One: Lab Equipment (Using Your Tools) SECTION OVERVIEW This section will be a review on lab equipment
More informationVOLUME AND TONE CONTROL - PREAMPLIFIER K8084
H8084IP-1 VOLUME AND TONE CONTROL - PREAMPLIFIER K8084 When using one of our amplifiers (big or small), you always need a volume control and preferably also a tone control Features & specifications When
More informationRegulated D.C. Power Supply
442 17 Principles of Electronics Regulated D.C. Power Supply 17.1 Ordinary D.C. Power Supply 17.2 Important Terms 17.3 Regulated Power Supply 17.4 Types of Voltage Regulators 17.5 Zener Diode Voltage Regulator
More informationKit 27. 1W TDA7052 POWER AMPLIFIER
Kit 27. 1W TDA7052 POWER AMPLIFIER This is a 1 watt mono amplifier Kit module using the TDA7052 from Philips. (Note, no suffix.) It is designed to be used as a building block in other projects where a
More informationLab E1: Introduction to Circuits
E1.1 Lab E1: Introduction to Circuits The purpose of the this lab is to introduce you to some basic instrumentation used in electrical circuits. You will learn to use a DC power supply, a digital multimeter
More informationLAB 7 MOSFET CHARACTERISTICS AND APPLICATIONS
LAB 7 MOSFET CHARACTERISTICS AND APPLICATIONS Objective In this experiment you will study the i-v characteristics of an MOS transistor. You will use the MOSFET as a variable resistor and as a switch. BACKGROUND
More informationAssembly Instructions: Shortwave Radio Kit
Assembly Instructions: Shortwave Radio Kit MTM Scientific, Inc P.O. Box 522 Clinton, MI 49236 U.S.A Introduction Fig 1: The assembled Shortwave Radio Kit The SHORTWAVE RADIO KIT (#SWRAD) from MTM Scientific
More informationAdvanced Monolithic Systems
Advanced Monolithic Systems FEATURES Three Terminal Adjustable or Fixed oltages* 1.5, 1.8, 2.5, 2.85, 3.3 and 5. Output Current of 1A Operates Down to 1 Dropout Line Regulation:.2% Max. Load Regulation:.4%
More informationLecture - 4 Diode Rectifier Circuits
Basic Electronics (Module 1 Semiconductor Diodes) Dr. Chitralekha Mahanta Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati Lecture - 4 Diode Rectifier Circuits
More information7-SEGMENT DIGITAL CLOCK
57mm 7-SEGMENT DIGITAL CLOCK Large 57mm clock & temperature display with extra unique feature Total solder points: 263 Difficulty level: beginner 1 2 3 4 5 advanced K8089 ILLUSTRATED ASSEMBLY MANUAL H8089IP-1
More informationPanasonic Microwave Oven Inverter HV Power Supply
Panasonic Microwave Oven Inverter HV Power Supply David Smith VK3HZ (vk3hz (*at*) wia.org.au) This particular power supply comes from a circa-2000 Panasonic Microwave model NN-S550WF. Nearly all Panasonic
More informationUnit/Standard Number. High School Graduation Years 2010, 2011 and 2012
1 Secondary Task List 100 SAFETY 101 Demonstrate an understanding of State and School safety regulations. 102 Practice safety techniques for electronics work. 103 Demonstrate an understanding of proper
More informationLaboratory 4: Feedback and Compensation
Laboratory 4: Feedback and Compensation To be performed during Week 9 (Oct. 20-24) and Week 10 (Oct. 27-31) Due Week 11 (Nov. 3-7) 1 Pre-Lab This Pre-Lab should be completed before attending your regular
More informationLABORATORY 10 TIME AVERAGES, RMS VALUES AND THE BRIDGE RECTIFIER. Bridge Rectifier
LABORATORY 10 TIME AVERAGES, RMS VALUES AND THE BRIDGE RECTIFIER Full-wave Rectification: Bridge Rectifier For many electronic circuits, DC supply voltages are required but only AC voltages are available.
More informationDET Practical Electronics (Intermediate 1)
DET Practical Electronics (Intermediate 1) 731 August 2000 HIGHER STILL DET Practical Electronics (Intermediate 1) Support Materials CONTENTS Section 1 Learning about Resistors Section 2 Learning about
More information1218-75 Watt Audiophile Audio Amplifier
Description Quasar kit No.1218 is part of a new line of constructions which combined form a full stereo system. The line consists of the following KITS Quasar kit No.1214 6 inputs stereo selector Quasar
More informationLAB2 Resistors, Simple Resistive Circuits in Series and Parallel Objective:
LAB2 Resistors, Simple Resistive Circuits in Series and Parallel Objective: In this lab, you will become familiar with resistors and potentiometers and will learn how to measure resistance. You will also
More informationPhysics 623 Transistor Characteristics and Single Transistor Amplifier Sept. 13, 2006
Physics 623 Transistor Characteristics and Single Transistor Amplifier Sept. 13, 2006 1 Purpose To measure and understand the common emitter transistor characteristic curves. To use the base current gain
More informationOp-Amp Simulation EE/CS 5720/6720. Read Chapter 5 in Johns & Martin before you begin this assignment.
Op-Amp Simulation EE/CS 5720/6720 Read Chapter 5 in Johns & Martin before you begin this assignment. This assignment will take you through the simulation and basic characterization of a simple operational
More informationOptical Sensor Interface for AFX Digital LED Timer/Counter by George Warner, Jan. 2003 warnergt@ptd.net
Optical Sensor Interface for AFX Digital LED Timer/Counter by George Warner, Jan. 200 warnergt@ptd.net Abstract This paper presents a design for an optical sensor interface to an AFX Digital LED Timer/Counter.
More informationDIODE CIRCUITS LABORATORY. Fig. 8.1a Fig 8.1b
DIODE CIRCUITS LABORATORY A solid state diode consists of a junction of either dissimilar semiconductors (pn junction diode) or a metal and a semiconductor (Schottky barrier diode). Regardless of the type,
More informationTransistor Characteristics and Single Transistor Amplifier Sept. 8, 1997
Physics 623 Transistor Characteristics and Single Transistor Amplifier Sept. 8, 1997 1 Purpose To measure and understand the common emitter transistor characteristic curves. To use the base current gain
More informationElectronics and Soldering Notes
Electronics and Soldering Notes The Tools You ll Need While there are literally one hundred tools for soldering, testing, and fixing electronic circuits, you only need a few to make robot. These tools
More informationChapter 22 Further Electronics
hapter 22 Further Electronics washing machine has a delay on the door opening after a cycle of washing. Part of this circuit is shown below. s the cycle ends, switch S closes. t this stage the capacitor
More informationLab 5 Operational Amplifiers
Lab 5 Operational Amplifiers By: Gary A. Ybarra Christopher E. Cramer Duke University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Durham, NC. Purpose The purpose of this lab is to examine the properties
More informationLM1084 5A Low Dropout Positive Regulators
5A Low Dropout Positive Regulators General Description The LM1084 is a series of low dropout voltage positive regulators with a maximum dropout of 1.5 at 5A of load current. It has the same pin-out as
More informationType SA-1 Generator Differential Relay
ABB Automation Inc. Substation Automation and Protection Division Coral Springs, FL 33065 Instruction Leaflet 41-348.11C Effective: November 1999 Supersedes I.L. 41-348.11B, Dated August 1986 ( ) Denotes
More informationModifying the Yaesu FT-847 External 22.625 MHz Reference Input
Modifying the Yaesu FT-847 External 22.625 MHz Reference Input David Smith VK3HZ Introduction This document describes the modification of an FT-847 to allow an external 22.625 MHz Reference oscillator
More informationFREQUENCY RESPONSE OF AN AUDIO AMPLIFIER
2014 Amplifier - 1 FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF AN AUDIO AMPLIFIER The objectives of this experiment are: To understand the concept of HI-FI audio equipment To generate a frequency response curve for an audio
More informationLab 3 - DC Circuits and Ohm s Law
Lab 3 DC Circuits and Ohm s Law L3-1 Name Date Partners Lab 3 - DC Circuits and Ohm s Law OBJECTIES To learn to apply the concept of potential difference (voltage) to explain the action of a battery in
More informationPOWERBLOCK - POWER AMPLIFIER
POWERBLOCK - POWER AMPLIFIER This amplifier is an ideal set-up for active speaker use. Total solder points: 383 Difficulty level: beginner 1 2 3 4 5 advanced K8081 ILLUSTRATED ASSEMBLY MANUAL H8081IP-1
More informationBSNL TTA Question Paper-Instruments and Measurement Specialization 2007
BSNL TTA Question Paper-Instruments and Measurement Specialization 2007 (1) Instrument is a device for determining (a) the magnitude of a quantity (b) the physics of a variable (c) either of the above
More informationSYSTEM 4C. C R H Electronics Design
SYSTEM 4C C R H Electronics Design SYSTEM 4C All in one modular 4 axis CNC drive board By C R Harding Specifications Main PCB & Input PCB Available with up to 4 Axis X, Y, Z, A outputs. Independent 25
More informationBill Conkling July 2012
Bill Conkling July 2012 Introduction: For any ham, there are moments that are priceless, like snagging that elusive rare DX station on a deserted island that hasn t been activated in 52 years. And certainly,
More information400W MONO/STEREO AMPLIFIER
400W MONO/STEREO AMPLIFIER Universal, robust and compact are the words to describe this amplifier. Total solder points: 264 Difficulty level: beginner 1 2 3 4 5 advanced K4005B ILLUSTRATED ASSEMBLY MANUAL
More informationSUPER SNOOPER BIG EAR
AA-1D Super Snooper Big Ear SPECIFICATIONS Operates on 5 to 9v DC Will drive a small speaker Provides up to 1 watt of audio power Distortion > 0.2% Voltage Gain up to 46 db Size: 1 x 1.95 Rainbowkits.com
More informationLab Report No.1 // Diodes: A Regulated DC Power Supply Omar X. Avelar Omar de la Mora Diego I. Romero
Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Occidente (ITESO) Periférico Sur Manuel Gómez Morín 8585, Tlaquepaque, Jalisco, México, C.P. 45090 Analog Electronic Devices (ESI038 / SE047) Dr. Esteban
More informationRedesigned by Laurier Gendron (Aug 2006 ) Download this project in PDF. Horn circuit. Train Circuitry
Redesigned by Laurier Gendron (Aug 2006 ) Download this project in PDF Train Circuitry Horn circuit New Design After many comments by interested hobbyists not being able to obtain parts like the LM566
More informationelectronics fundamentals
electronics fundamentals circuits, devices, and applications THOMAS L. FLOYD DAVID M. BUCHLA Lesson 1: Diodes and Applications Center-Tapped Full-wave Rectifier The center-tapped (CT) full-wave rectifier
More informationLM117 LM317A LM317 3-Terminal Adjustable Regulator
LM117 LM317A LM317 3-Terminal Adjustable Regulator General Description The LM117 series of adjustable 3-terminal positive voltage regulators is capable of supplying in excess of 1 5A over a 1 2V to 37V
More informationEpisode 126: Capacitance and the equation C =Q/V
Episode 126: Capacitance and the equation C =Q/V Having established that there is charge on each capacitor plate, the next stage is to establish the relationship between charge and potential difference
More informationTotal solder points: 18 Difficulty level: beginner 1 2 3 4 5 advanced UNIVERSAL POWER SUPPLY 5-14DC / 1A K2570 ILLUSTRATED ASSEMBLY MANUAL
Total solder points: 18 Difficulty level: beginner 1 2 3 4 5 advanced UNIVERSAL POWER SUPPLY 5-14DC / 1A K2570 The easy way to power your projects. ILLUSTRATED ASSEMBLY MANUAL H2570IP-1 Features & Specifications
More information3-Digit Counter and Display
ECE 2B Winter 2007 Lab #7 7 3-Digit Counter and Display This final lab brings together much of what we have done in our lab experiments this quarter to construct a simple tachometer circuit for measuring
More informationMassachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. 6.002 Electronic Circuits Spring 2007
Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 6.002 Electronic Circuits Spring 2007 Lab 4: Audio Playback System Introduction In this lab, you will construct,
More informationK2570 UNIVERSAL POWER SUPPLY 5-14DC / 1A. The easy way to power your ILLUSTRATED ASSEMBLY MANUAL
Total solder points: 18 Difficulty level: beginner 1 2 3 4 5 advanced UNIVERSAL POWER SUPPLY 5-14DC / 1A K2570 The easy way to power your projects. ILLUSTRATED ASSEMBLY MANUAL H2570IP-1 Features & Specifications
More information11: AUDIO AMPLIFIER I. INTRODUCTION
11: AUDIO AMPLIFIER I. INTRODUCTION The properties of an amplifying circuit using an op-amp depend primarily on the characteristics of the feedback network rather than on those of the op-amp itself. A
More informationCS8481. 3.3 V/250 ma, 5.0 V/100 ma Micropower Low Dropout Regulator with ENABLE
3.3 /250 ma, 5.0 /100 ma Micropower Low Dropout Regulator with The CS8481 is a precision, dual Micropower linear voltage regulator. The switched 3.3 primary output ( OUT1 ) supplies up to 250 ma while
More informationCMR Series Isolated 0.75W Single and Dual Output Isolated DC/DC Converters
www.murata-ps.com CMR Series SELECTION GUIDE FEATURES Single or Dual Isolated Outputs 1kVDC or 3kVDC options Wide temperature performance at full 0.75W load -40 C to 85C Industry Standard Pinouts 5V, 12V
More informationMAS.836 HOW TO BIAS AN OP-AMP
MAS.836 HOW TO BIAS AN OP-AMP Op-Amp Circuits: Bias, in an electronic circuit, describes the steady state operating characteristics with no signal being applied. In an op-amp circuit, the operating characteristic
More informationKnight Audio Technologies Ltd. Deacy - Style Amplifier Kit Build Instructions
Knight Audio Technologies Ltd Deacy - Style Amplifier Kit Build Instructions Introduction Firstly, thank you for purchasing this amplifier kit. We have designed this amplifier based on the Mullard 1960
More informationCHAPTER 2B: DIODE AND APPLICATIONS. D.Wilcher
CHAPTER 2B: DIODE AND APPLICATIONS D.Wilcher 1 CHAPTER 2B: OBJECTIVES Analyze the operation of 3 basic types of rectifiers Describe the operation of rectifier filters and IC regulators Analyze the operation
More informationSELECTION GUIDE. Nominal Input
www.murata-ps.com NKE Series FEATURES RoHS Compliant Sub-Miniature SIP & DIP Styles 3kVDC Isolation UL Recognised Wide Temperature performance at full 1 Watt load, 40 C to 85 C Increased Power Density
More informationEDEXCEL NATIONAL CERTIFICATE/DIPLOMA UNIT 5 - ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC PRINCIPLES NQF LEVEL 3 OUTCOME 4 - ALTERNATING CURRENT
EDEXCEL NATIONAL CERTIFICATE/DIPLOMA UNIT 5 - ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC PRINCIPLES NQF LEVEL 3 OUTCOME 4 - ALTERNATING CURRENT 4 Understand single-phase alternating current (ac) theory Single phase AC
More informationApplication Note 142 August 2013. New Linear Regulators Solve Old Problems AN142-1
August 2013 New Linear Regulators Solve Old Problems Bob Dobkin, Vice President, Engineering and CTO, Linear Technology Corp. Regulators regulate but are capable of doing much more. The architecture of
More informationWhale 3. User Manual and Installation Guide. DC Servo drive. Contents. 1. Safety, policy and warranty. 1.1. Safety notes. 1.2. Policy. 1.3. Warranty.
Whale 3 DC Servo drive User Manual and Installation Guide Contents 1. Safety, policy and warranty. 1.1. Safety notes. 1.2. Policy. 1.3. Warranty. 2. Electric specifications. 2.1.Operation ranges. 3. Connections
More informationPulse Width Modulation (PWM) LED Dimmer Circuit. Using a 555 Timer Chip
Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) LED Dimmer Circuit Using a 555 Timer Chip Goals of Experiment Demonstrate the operation of a simple PWM circuit that can be used to adjust the intensity of a green LED by varying
More informationDrive circuit basics + V. τ e. Industrial Circuits Application Note. Winding resistance and inductance
ndustrial Circuits Application Note Drive circuit basics For a given size of a stepper motor, a limited space is available for the windings. n the process of optimizing a stepper motor drive system, an
More informationPrecision Diode Rectifiers
by Kenneth A. Kuhn March 21, 2013 Precision half-wave rectifiers An operational amplifier can be used to linearize a non-linear function such as the transfer function of a semiconductor diode. The classic
More information