UNCLASSIFIED. Heat production during dynamic exercise can elevate core temperature rapidly. Thus, it believed
|
|
- Easter Watson
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Robert Carter III, Ph.D., M.P.H. Captain, US ARMY Department of Human Factors Centre de Recherches du Service de Santé des Armées La Tronche, FRANCE HEAT INDUCED FATIGUE Heat production during dynamic exercise can elevate core temperature rapidly. Thus, it believed that hyperthermia during prolonged exercise in hot environments is an independent cause of exercise fatigue. Nonetheless, the mechanisms underlying hyperthermia-induced fatigue during prolonged, dynamic exercise in the heat is not well understood. Typically, heat induced fatigue has been thought to do due to limitations of 1) cardiovascular system (strain), 2) central nervous system, 3) high body temperature, and / or 4) muscle metabolism. However, recently, more intention has been directed to a modified definition of fatigue which incorporates perceived inability and cognitive measures into the model of heat related fatigue. 1.0 INTRODUCTION Heat production during dynamic exercise can elevate core temperature rapidly, and it appears that hyperthermia during prolonged exercise in hot environments is an independent cause of fatigue. Nonetheless, the mechanisms underlying hyperthermia-induced fatigue during prolonged, dynamic exercise in the heat is not well understood. Classically, fatigue has been defined as an inability to maintain force-generating capacity or power output. These changes in force and power may develop for a range of motives and can occur at various sites along the pathway from the central nervous system to the contractile machinery of the muscles. Typically, research has focused on investigating heat induced fatigue related to the 1) cardiovascular PUB REF NBR (e.g. RTO-MP-IST-999) PAPER NBR - 1
2 system (strain), 2) central nervous system, 3) high body temperature, and 4) muscle metabolism. However, recently, more intention has been directed to a modified definition of fatigue which incorporates perceived inability and cognitive measures into the model of heat related fatigue. 2.0 BRAIN FUNCTION DURING HYPERTHERMIA Indirect evidence such as confusion, seizures, loss of consciousness, poor decision making all suggest, significant changes in brain function and alterations of the central nervous system during hyperthermia. Recent technological advances has allowed for measurement of brain temperature and blood flow, which were previous were only available during animal studies (Nelson and Nunneley, 1998). In general, the hyperthermic brain is associated with reduced blood flow, alterations in electrical brain activity, and decreased voluntary activation of peripheral nervous pathways and neuromuscular drive (Nagasaka et al, 1998) and decreased physiological function. 2.1 Brain Temperature Brain temperature can be thought of as the balance on heat produced by cerebral energy turnover and the heat that is removed [assessed by cerebral blood flow (CBF)]. The convection of heat between tissue and capillaries is considered to be very high thus, the temperature of the cerebral venous blood likely equal to the cerebral tissue. Recently, thermoregulation of brain (human) has been evaluated by measuring the internal jugular venous to arterial blood temperature difference. Nybo and colleagues has shown that exercise in the heat is associated with an elevated cerebral oxygen consumption at the same time as a total reduction in CBF (Nybo and Nielsen, 2002). 2.2 Central Nervous System and Muscular Fatigue Ftaiti and colleagues (2001) observed that electromyogram (EMG) amplitude was unchanged during dynamic exercise with progressively occuring hyperthermia. In addition, severe hyperthermia has associated with fatigue-induced changes in motor unit recruitment and/or PAPER NBR - 2 PUB REF NBR (e.g. RTO-MP-IST-999)
3 discharge rates (Gonzàlez-Alonso et al, 1999). Other investigations, have shown hyperthermiainduced signs of muscular fatigue during submaximal exercise and maximal, suggesting central (motor cortex) and peripheral factors contributing to the development of fatigue. On the other hand, hyperthermia has been reported not to affect the ability of the muscles to generate force. Some studies suggested that increased difficulty to retain power output during during hyperthermia do not correlate with rating of perceived exertion (RPE), supporting the idea that reduced force and power output may be under the control of mutiple factors (Fuller et al, 1998). Changes in Alpha / Beta (brain waves) index is correlated with increased of RPE suggests EEG frequency shift might reflect decreased arousal; and altered ability of the brain to sustain motor activity during hyperthermia (Nielsen et al, 2001). Taken together data existing data suggest that exercise in heat, is associated with altered brain activity and reduced blood flow. However, further investigations are required to understand the relationship among hyperthermia, altered brain activity, muscle function, and central fatigue. 2.3 Neurohumoral Factors Recently, research has focused on alterations in brain neurotransmitters and hormones such as serotonergic and dopamine activity. Due to the complexity of measuring these substances in humans, indirect from peripheral blood markers suggests that serotonin is increased in the brain and likely contribute to central fatigue in the heat (Low et al, 2005). In fact, levels of dopamine has been suggested to increase during exercise heat stress and as fatigue approaches dopamine levels rapidly fall (Meesen et al, 2006). However, it is not known how much of the dopamine and serotonin that is measure from peripheral blood is from the brain. It is, likely that various tissues during exercise and hyperthermia release dopamine and serotonin during these times. PUB REF NBR (e.g. RTO-MP-IST-999) PAPER NBR - 3
4 3.0HIGH TEMPERATURE AND FATIGUE The mechanism by which hyperthermia causes fatigue is not well understood. Several studies have examined the relationship of elevated body temperature and exercise fatigue. González- Alonso and colleagues (1999), showed that trained subjects fatigued at similar core body temperatures. In addition, demonstrated that time to exhaustion ranged from 28 to 63 min, being shortest with highest initial body temperature and higher rate of heat storage. Trained subjects fatigued with core temperatures of ~40 C when working at 50-60% O 2 peak in the heat (40 C, 10% RH) for 9-12 consecutive days. It appears that hyperthermia is an important factor causing fatigue in the heat. However, other factors such as hydration status, training, heat acclimation, and weather conditions might interact and alter the physiological responses during exercise in the heat, leading to fatigue. 4.0 CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSES Cardiovascular strain has been associated with reduced exercise performance and time to fatigue (stoppage of exercise). Previously investigations observed a significantly lower cardiac output, central blood volume, and SV during exercise in hot weather compared to temperate environments during moderate intensity exercise. It has been suggested that the decrease in cardiac output with hyperthemia is attributed to the larger decline in SV (González-Alonso et al, 1999). The mechanism leading to these changes in SV during heat stress has not been directly clarified. The hypothesis is that reductions in SV with hyperthermia are due to increased skin blood flow and skin blood volume. However, the mechanisms mediating SV reductions with heat stress are complex and may be influenced by many factors. 5.0 COGNITION AND MENTAL RESPONSES Heat stress may negatively affect cogntion, mood, and mental status during exercise and at rest. Furthermore, there is emerging evidence that the the ability to sustain exercise performance in the hot environment comes from a conscious effort. It remains to be understood how and by PAPER NBR - 4 PUB REF NBR (e.g. RTO-MP-IST-999)
5 which mechanisms mental status, mood, and perception affects exercise performance and fatigue in the heat. However, before these effects are universally accepted as a plausible factor for reduced exercise performance during hot weather exposure much research is needed to identify mechanisms which may include central nervous system and higher brain centers. Nevertheless, subjective measurements (perceived exertion, mood state profiles) suggest that an altered conscious effect is associated with reduced exercise performance and early onset of fatigue in the heat. In addition, heat stress has been shown to reduce cognition and mental processing that are important for decision making and simple to complex tasking (Hancock and Vasmatzidis, 2003). It appears the degree of decrements of these tasks is directly related to the deep body temperature which is a function of duration and intensity of heat exposure (Hancock and Vasmatzidis, 2003). Moreover, previous studies have demonstrates that significant differences occur at 2 3% dehydration for many neuropsychological tests and task assessment measures (Ramsey et al, 1995). Physiologically, the basis for decreased cognitive performance may be attributed to a variety of mechanisms, all of which remain largely theoretical (Hancock, 1982). More research studies are necessary to identify specific physiological mechanisms to explain brain function in an exercise heat stress environment as well as the directs of heat stress on cognition independent of exercise. Some scientists theorized the existence of a cognitive reserve, whereby subjects have at their disposal a certain amount of neural resources that can be allocated to the performance of cognitive tasks and activities when resources are diminished as during hyperthermia (Valenzuela and Sachdev, 2006). PUB REF NBR (e.g. RTO-MP-IST-999) PAPER NBR - 5
6 6.0 CONCLUSION The mechanisms by which exercise and cognitive fatigue occurs in the heat are not well understood. Typically, research has focused on investigating heat induced fatigue related to the 1) cardiovascular system (strain), 2) central nervous system, 3) high body temperature, and 4) muscle metabolism. However, recently, much intention has been directed to a modified definition of fatigue which incorporates perceived inability and cognitive factors into the model of heat related fatigue. It is likely that exercise and cognitive performance decrements occur as a result of multiple factors. The role of each factor may have individual variability and 7.0 REFERENCES Ftaiti, F, Grélot L, Coudreuse JM, and Nicol C. Combined effect of heat stress, dehydration and exercise on neuromuscular function in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol 84: 87-94, Fuller, A, Carter RN, and Mitchell D. Brain and abdominal temperatures at fatigue in rats exercising in the heat. J Appl Physiol 84: , Hancock PA, Vasmatzidis I. Effects of heat stress on cognitive performance: the current state of knowledge. Int J Hyperthermia. May-Jun;19(3):355-72, Hancock PA. Task categorization and the limits of human performance in extreme heat. Aviat Space Environ Med Aug;53(8): González-Alonso, J, Calbet JA, and Nielsen B. Metabolic and thermodynamic responses to dehydration-induced reductions in muscle blood flow in exercising humans. J Physiol (Lond) 520: , González-Alonso, J, Teller C, Andersen S, Jensen F, Hyldig T, and Nielsen B. Influence of body temperature on the development of fatigue during prolonged exercise in the heat. J Appl Physiol 86: , Low D, Purvis A, Reilly T, Cable NT. The prolactin responses to active and passive heating in man. Exp Physiol Nov;90(6):909-17, PAPER NBR - 6 PUB REF NBR (e.g. RTO-MP-IST-999)
7 Nagasaka, T. Brinnel, H., Hales, J. R. & Ogawa, T. Selective brain cooling in hyperthermia: the mechanisms and medical implications. Medical Hypotheses 50, , Nelson, D. A. & Nunneley, S. A. Brain temperature and limits on transcranial cooling in humans: quantitative modelling results. European Journal of Applied Physiology Occupational Physiology 78, , Nielsen, B, Hyldig T, Bidstrup F, and Gonzalez-Alonso J. Brain activity and fatigue during prolonged exercise in the heat. Pflügers Arch 442: 41-48, Nybo, L, and Nielsen B. Middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity is reduced with hyperthermia during prolonged exercise in humans. J Physiol (Lond) 534: , Valenzuela MJ, Sachdey P. Brain reserve and cognitive decline: a non-parametric systematic review. Psychol Med. Aug;36(8): , PUB REF NBR (e.g. RTO-MP-IST-999) PAPER NBR - 7
8 Figure 1. Model of Heat induce Fatigue Mood, perception, etc? Heat Stress (Hyperthermia) Cardiovascular Strain Central Nervous System Cognition Decrements Performance Degradation Muscle Metabolism Classically, fatigue and performance degradation has been defined as a inability to maintain force-generating capacity or power output. These changes in force and power may develop for a range of motives and can occur at various sites along the pathway from the central nervous system to the contractile machinery of the muscles. However, recently, much intention has been directed to a modified definition of fatigue which incorporates perceived inability and cognitive factors into the model of heat related fatigue. PAPER NBR - 8 PUB REF NBR (e.g. RTO-MP-IST-999)
Chapter 12. Temperature Regulation. Temperature Regulation. Heat Balance. An Overview of Heat Balance. Temperature Regulation. Temperature Regulation
Chapter 12 Body core temperature regulation Critical for: Cellular structures Metabolic pathways Too high Protein structure of cells destroyed Too low Slowed metabolism Cardiac arrhythmias Homeothermic
More informationThe Detection of Neural Fatigue during intensive conditioning for football: The Potential of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
The Detection of Neural Fatigue during intensive conditioning for football: The Potential of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Carl Wells PhD Sport Science Lead, Perform, National Football Centre, St.
More informationadvanced military training in hot weather such as ABN / Ranger School or ROTC camp.
Individual Guidance for Heat Acclimatization This heat acclimatization guidance is for those soldiers who will be attending strenuous advanced military training in hot weather such as ABN / Ranger School
More informationAltitude. Thermoregulation & Extreme Environments. The Stress of Altitude. Reduced PO 2. O 2 Transport Cascade. Oxygen loading at altitude:
Altitude Thermoregulation & Extreme Environments Reduced PO 2 The Stress of Altitude O 2 Transport Cascade Progressive change in environments oxygen pressure & various body areas Oxygen loading at altitude:
More informationAnaerobic and Aerobic Training Adaptations. Chapters 5 & 6
Anaerobic and Aerobic Training Adaptations Chapters 5 & 6 Adaptations to Training Chronic exercise provides stimulus for the systems of the body to change Systems will adapt according to level, intensity,
More informationEffects of Caffeine on Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle Stimulation: A Noninvasive Study Based on a Single Dose of Caffeine
Effects of Caffeine on Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle Stimulation: A Noninvasive Study Based on a Single Dose of Caffeine Physiology 435: Lab 601 Group 3 Dr. Lokuta Kira Arno, Logan Schlosser, Chris Boyd,
More informationBody. Temperature. The Effects of Cooling Core. Body Temperature on Overall. Strength Gains and Post- Exercise Recovery. Adam Tenforde SPRING 2003
The Effects of Cooling Core Body Body Temperature on Overall Heat is the byproduct of metabolic reactions, with nearly 75% of energy created released as heat. This paper evaluates two studies investigating
More informationDate Issued: Page No.: Document No.: August 2002 1 SOP-Safety-01. 3.0 Working in Hot Environments
August 2002 1 SOP-Safety-01 1. Introduction: The Environmental Health & Safety Standard Operating Procedure for working in hot environments was developed by the Department of Environmental Health & Safety
More informationFluid and fuel intake during exercise
Journal of Sports Sciences, 2004, 22, 39 55 Fluid and fuel intake during exercise EDWARD F. COYLE The Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas
More informationHEAT-RELATED ILLNESS AND STUDENT ATHLETES. Diana L. Malone, Ph.D. Training & Consultation Coordinator
HEAT-RELATED ILLNESS AND STUDENT ATHLETES Diana L. Malone, Ph.D. Training & Consultation Coordinator HEAT-RELATED ILLNESS Objectives: Factors that create HRI Stages of HRI Care Basic First Aid Protecting
More informationObjectives. Objectives
Chapter Temperature Regulation Objectives 1. Define the term homeotherm. 2. Present an overview of heat balance during exercise. 3. Discuss the concept of core temperature. 4. List the principal i means
More informationHeat Stress: Defining, Evaluating and Preventing. Glenn E. Lamson CIH OSHA Health Response Team 2012 OSHA Oil & Gas Safety Conference
Heat Stress: Defining, Evaluating and Preventing Glenn E. Lamson CIH OSHA Health Response Team 2012 OSHA Oil & Gas Safety Conference Defining Heat Stress The net heat load that a worker is exposed to from
More informationAmerican College of Sports Medicine Position Stand: Exercise and Fluid Replacement Summary
American College of Sports Medicine Position Stand: Exercise and Fluid Replacement Summary American College of Sports Medicine. Position Stand on Exercise and Fluid Replacement. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc.,
More informationDo you know the benefits of adding smart hydration to your workout program? Hydration Tips from
Do you know the benefits of adding smart hydration to your workout program? Hydration Tips from Hydration. It Powers Health, Fitness, & Athletic Performance. Kudos to you. You're one of millions of people
More informationBody Heat and Temperature Regulation
LECTURE 8 Body Heat and Temperature Regulation Homeotherm- warm blooded (mammals and birds) Poikilotherm- cold blooded (reptiles and amphibians) I. Body Temperature (Reece Table 11.1 p 335) A. Gradients
More informationMuscle Physiology. Lab 5. Human Muscle Physiology
Lab 5 Human At the beginning of lab you will have the opportunity for 2 bonus points! You must guess which person in the class will have: 1) Maximum Grip Force 2) Longest time to half-max Force (longest
More informationChapter 26. Metabolic Rate, Body Heat, and Thermoregulation
Chapter 26 Metabolic Rate, Body Heat, and Thermoregulation Metabolic Rate the amount of energy liberated in the body in a given period of time (kcal/hr or kcal/day) calorimeter a closed chamber with water
More informationFIRST PRESENTATION Heat; Humidity; Performance. May 1 st and 2 nd Furman University
FIRST PRESENTATION Heat; Humidity; Performance May 1 st and 2 nd Furman University Brain s Main Concerns ph: Blood s Acidity Level Osmolarity: Concentration of Particles in Blood Blood Glucose: Brain s
More informationDiseases of the Nervous System. Neal G. Simon, Ph.D. Professor, Dept of Biological Sciences Lehigh University
Diseases of the Nervous System Neal G. Simon, Ph.D. Professor, Dept of Biological Sciences Lehigh University Outline A. Stress-related Disorders 1. Emotional Circuitry: Key Components 2. The Hypothalamic
More informationResponses to Static (Isometric) Exercise
Responses to Static (Isometric) Exercise Suggestions for Teachers Background Static exercise involves the contraction of skeletal muscle without a change in muscle length, hence the alternative term, isometric
More informationMuscle Fatigue and the Mechanisms of Task Failure
ARTICLE Muscle Fatigue and the Mechanisms of Task Failure Sandra K. Hunter 1, Jacques Duchateau, 2 and Roger M. Enoka 3 1 Exercise Science Program, Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University,
More informationGlossary Of Terms Related To The Psychological Evaluation Pain
Glossary Of Terms Related To The Psychological Evaluation Pain Excerpted From The BHI 2 Manual By Daniel Bruns and John Mark Disorbio 2003 by Pearson Assessments. All rights reserved. Addiction: A chronic
More informationHeat Illness Prevention Program
I. Policy Heat Illness Prevention Program Responsible Executive: Vice President for Administration and Finance Responsible Office: Environmental Health and Instructional Safety Originally Issued: February
More informationmtbi Concussion, Post Concussion Syndrome and mtbi
mtbi Concussion, Post Concussion Syndrome and mtbi Barry Willer PhD bswiller@buffalo.edu Immediate Symptoms Secondary Symptoms Cognitive Issues Ideally with Baseline Understanding Persistent Symptoms
More informationCardiovascular Responses to Exercise
Cardiovascular Respiratory System Unit Chapter 13 Cardiovascular Responses to Exercise After studying the chapter, you should be able to Graph and explain the pattern of response for the major cardiovascular
More informationHeat Stress Training
Heat Stress Training Agenda 1. What is Heat Stress - The Physiology - Heat Exhaustion (Symptoms and First Aid) - Heat Stroke (Symptoms and First Aid) - Other Conditions associated with Heat Stress 2. Who
More informationLaboratory Guide. Anatomy and Physiology
Laboratory Guide Anatomy and Physiology TBME04, Fall 2010 Name: Passed: Last updated 2010-08-13 Department of Biomedical Engineering Linköpings Universitet Introduction This laboratory session is intended
More informationHot environments in HORECA
27 1. Introduction Hot environments Workers in the hotel, restaurant and catering (HORECA) sector are at risk of heat stress when unloading supplies, working in kitchens and while serving. Particularly
More informationDUBAL Beat the Heat. Prevention Method
DUBAL Beat the Heat Prevention Method Introduction The body is required to get rid of excess heat to maintain a constant internal temperature (37 C) The body s s best mechanism for removing any excess
More informationHeat Illness Prevention Program
Heat Illness Prevention Program I. Policy Employees working in outdoor places of employment or in other areas at times when the environmental risk factors for heat illness are present, are at risk for
More informationSurgery in Individuals Age 65+ Possible Risks. Possible Benefits. Potential Causes of POCD 11/24/2014. What is POCD?
Surgery in Individuals Age 65+ Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in Older Adults Ryan W. Schroeder, Psy.D., LP, ABPP-CN Neuropsychologist & Assistant Professor University of Kansas School of Medicine
More informationThe cardiovascular challenge of exercising in the heat
J Physiol 586.1 (2008) pp 45 53 45 TOPICAL REVIEW The cardiovascular challenge of exercising in the heat JoséGonzález-Alonso 1, Craig G. Crandall 2 and John M. Johnson 3 1 Centre for Sports Medicine and
More informationFUNCTIONAL EEG ANALYZE IN AUTISM. Dr. Plamen Dimitrov
FUNCTIONAL EEG ANALYZE IN AUTISM Dr. Plamen Dimitrov Preamble Autism or Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD) is a mental developmental disorder, manifested in the early childhood and is characterized by qualitative
More informationUnderstanding the Pain Trajectory During Treadmill Testing in Peripheral Artery Disease
Understanding the Pain Trajectory During Treadmill Testing in Peripheral Artery Disease Diane Treat-Jacobson, PhD, RN, FAHA, FAAN Susan J. Henly, PhD, RN Ulf G. Bronas, PhD, ATC, ATR Arthur S. Leon, MD,
More informationtoo hot! Heat Related Illness
too hot! Heat Related Illness Participating in recreation and sport activities provides many benefits for children and can be a fun and enjoyable way to be physically active. However, when the temperature
More informationCHEMISTRY of NICOTINE PHARMACOLOGY NICOTINE ABSORPTION: BUCCAL (ORAL) MUCOSA NICOTINE ABSORPTION. NICOTINE PHARMACOLOGY and PRINCIPLES of ADDICTION
ICOTIE PHARMACOLOGY and PRICIPLES of ADDICTIO ICOTIE ADDICTIO U.S. Surgeon General s Report (1988) Cigarettes and other forms of tobacco are addicting. icotine is the drug in tobacco that causes addiction.
More informationTHE SENSE OF TOUCH. Roope Raisamo and Jukka Raisamo
THE SENSE OF TOUCH Roope Raisamo and Jukka Raisamo Tampere Unit for Computer-Human Interaction School of Information Sciences University of Tampere, Finland Outline for the talk Introduction to the sense
More informationCreatine. Overview. Travis Harvey, PhD, CSCS
Creatine Travis Harvey, PhD, CSCS Overview This is not exhaustive it s applicable Disclaimer BLUF Myths Legends Protective effects Move, Shoot, Communicate Bottom Line Collectively, results from these
More informationChetek-Weyerhaeuser High School
Chetek-Weyerhaeuser High School Anatomy and Physiology Units and Anatomy and Physiology A Unit 1 Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology (6 days) Essential Question: How do the systems of the human
More informationDisability Evaluation Under Social Security
Disability Evaluation Under Social Security Revised Medical Criteria for Evaluating Endocrine Disorders Effective June 7, 2011 Why a Revision? Social Security revisions reflect: SSA s adjudicative experience.
More informationChapter Fourteen. Emotion, Reward, Aggression, and Stress
Chapter Fourteen Emotion, Reward, Aggression, and Stress EMOTIONS! Emotions generally include a Physical component, and a Subjective component or quality, and a Valence Emotions a product of Evolution?
More informationOvertraining with Resistance Exercise
ACSM CURRENT COMMENT Overtraining with Resistance Exercise One of the fastest growing and most popular types of exercise in recent years is resistance exercise, whether used for the purpose of general
More information3. The neuron has many branch-like extensions called that receive input from other neurons. a. glia b. dendrites c. axons d.
Chapter Test 1. A cell that receives information and transmits it to other cells via an electrochemical process is called a(n) a. neuron b. hormone c. glia d. endorphin Answer: A difficulty: 1 factual
More informationEffects of Different Warm-Up Durations on Wingate Anaerobic Power and Capacity Results
Sportif Bakış: Spor ve Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(1), 43-52, 2014 www.sportifbakis.com ISSN:2148-905X Effects of Different Warm-Up Durations on Wingate Anaerobic Power and Capacity Results Halit Harmancı,
More informationFireground Rehab Evaluation (FIRE) Trial
Fireground Rehab Evaluation (FIRE) Trial Executive Summary David Hostler, PhD, Joe Suyama, MD Executive Summary: Fireground Rehab Evaluation (FIRE) Trial Background & Introduction For two years, researchers
More informationChapter 18 THERMAL INJURIES
Chapter 18 THERMAL INJURIES Because of the range of environmental condition within which sports take place, various temperature-related health emergencies occur each year, some result in death. Most, if
More informationD.U.C. Assist. Lec. Faculty of Dentistry General Physiology Ihsan Dhari. The Autonomic Nervous System
The Autonomic Nervous System The portion of the nervous system that controls most visceral functions of the body is called the autonomic nervous system. This system helps to control arterial pressure,
More informationObtaining Knowledge. Lecture 7 Methods of Scientific Observation and Analysis in Behavioral Psychology and Neuropsychology.
Lecture 7 Methods of Scientific Observation and Analysis in Behavioral Psychology and Neuropsychology 1.Obtaining Knowledge 1. Correlation 2. Causation 2.Hypothesis Generation & Measures 3.Looking into
More informationFatigue in MS: 2005 update B. Colombo University of Milan - HSR
Fatigue in MS: 2005 update B. Colombo University of Milan - HSR Fatigue in MS One of the more disabling symptoms Affects about 75/90 % of the patients May be the onset symptom Transient or chronic May
More informationWhat is the basic component of the brain and spinal cord communication system?
EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGY David Myers The Biology of Mind Chapter 2 Neural Communication Neurons How Neurons Communicate How Neurotransmitters Influence Us The Nervous System The Peripheral Nervous System The
More informationFatigue Management in Neurology. Alison Nock MS Specialist Occupational Therapist
Fatigue Management in Neurology Alison Nock MS Specialist Occupational Therapist Overview of Fatigue Common disabling symptom Some people rate fatigue as the worst symptom of their disease. Predominant
More informationEducating the Dysautonomia Student: Dysautonomia In The College Setting
Awareness Series DYNA, Inc. 1301 Greengate Court Waldorf, MD 20601 Phone: 301-705-6995 Awareness Series Educating the Dysautonomia Student: Dysautonomia In The College Setting Email: info@dynakids.org
More informationHypothermia, Drowning and Cold-Water Survival
PVSS Conference Hypothermia, Drowning and Cold-Water Survival By RADM Alan M. Steinman USPHS / USCG (Ret) Disasters at Sea Aircraft Ditching at Sea Falling Overboard Washed Overboard Understand Cold Exposure:
More informationHeat Stress/Flag Condition Training
Heat Stress/Flag Condition Training Heat stress Heat stress is the buildup of heat to the point where the body s thermostat has difficulty maintaining normal internal body temperature. When the body is
More informationFailure and shutdown of the body s thermoregulatory system Heat is generated by muscle exercise which is unable to be dissipated into the environment
ASEP Successful Coaching Webinar Series Combating Heat- related Illnesses Presenter: John Storsved, HSD, ATC August 11, 2010 Combating Heat Related Illness Wednesday August 11, 2010 John Storsved HSD,
More informationPAGE 1 OF 5 ISSUED: JULY 07, 2010 REVISED:
HALIFAX FIRE DEPARTMENT R&R ARTICLE 21 HOT WEATHER OPERATIONS GUILDLINES PAGE 1 OF 5 ISSUED: JULY 07, 2010 REVISED: Purpose This policy provides a method of action to guide firefighting personnel in the
More informationHEAT STRESS IN AVIATION
HEAT STRESS IN AVIATION Dr Graham Bates INTRODUCTION It is generally agreed that man s adaptations to the heat are well developed, conversely when naked in the cold his physiological adjustment very poor.
More informationAutonomic dysfunctions in Paralympic athletes.
Sochi 2014, Russia Rosa Khutor, March 10, 2014 Autonomic dysfunctions in Paralympic athletes. Andrei Krassioukov MD, PhD, FRCPC Professor, Dep. of Medicine, Div. Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Associate
More informationThe Testosterone Report
The Testosterone Report Contents 1. What is Testosterone? 2. Why is Testosterone necessary? 3. Why do my Testosterone Levels decrease? 4. What does low Testosterone cause? 5. How Do I raise my Testosterone?
More informationEVALUATION OF PERSONAL COOLING SYSTEMS FOR SOLDIERS Elizabeth A. McCullough and Steve Eckels
EVALUATION OF PERSONAL COOLING SYSTEMS FOR SOLDIERS Elizabeth A. McCullough and Steve Eckels Institute for Environmental Research, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA INTRODUCTION Contact
More informationFISD ATHLETIC DEPARTMENT COLD WEATHER GUIDELINES
FISD ATHLETIC DEPARTMENT COLD WEATHER GUIDELINES Cold exposure can be uncomfortable, impair performance and even become life threatening. Conditions created by cold exposure include frostbite and hypothermia.
More information1. Metabolism 2. Thermal Physiology 3. Etc. Text: (skim 5-7) (skim 8+9)
Lecture 30, 06 December 2005 Metabolism (Chapter 5-7), Thermal Physiology (Ch 8-9) Miscellaneous, Wrap-Up, Last Lecture, Oral Presentations Vertebrate Physiology ECOL 437 (aka MCB 437, VetSci 437) University
More informationThe Heat Tolerance Test: An Efficient Screening Tool for Evaluating Susceptibility to Heat
Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 2007, 16, 215-221 2007 Human Kinetics, Inc. The Heat Tolerance Test: An Efficient Screening Tool for Evaluating Susceptibility to Heat Daniel S. Moran, Tomer Erlich, and
More informationHeat-Related Health Impact and Public Health in Thailand: Gaps and Suggestions
Heat-Related Health Impact and Public Health in Thailand: Gaps and Suggestions Assoc. Prof. Dr. Phongtape Wiwatanadate LL.B., M.D., Ph.D. Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai
More informationStuart B Black MD, FAAN Chief of Neurology Co-Medical Director: Neuroscience Center Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas
Billing and Coding in Neurology and Headache Stuart B Black MD, FAAN Chief of Neurology Co-Medical Director: Neuroscience Center Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas CPT Codes vs. ICD Codes Category
More informationRepublic Polytechnic. Continuing Education & Training. Course Structure: Anatomy & Physiology
Republic Polytechnic Continuing Education & Training Course Structure: Anatomy & Physiology Module Anatomy and Physiology Description This module introduces the basic human anatomical organization, tissue
More informationStress Psychophysiology. Introduction. The Brain. Chapter 2
Stress Psychophysiology Chapter 2 Introduction This chapter covers the process & structures activated during the physiological response to stress. Two stress pathways are available; one for short term
More informationPhysiologic Monitoring Systems for Life Science Research. Discover the possibilities with DSI.
Physiologic Monitoring Systems for Life Science Research Discover the possibilities with DSI. Flexible Solutions for Research CARDIOVASCULAR arterial and left ventricular pressures, ECG, activity, pressure
More informationEssentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology. 7 th edition Marieb, Elaine, 2003. Chapters 10-11. Lab Manual, 2 nd edition and coloring book, 7 th edition
Topic/Unit: Anatomy & Physiology Circulatory System Curricular Goals/ Learning Outcomes: Students will be able to identify the composition of blood and its function. Students will be able to differentiate
More information4 Week Body Contour / Lipo Light Program
Natural Health Solutions 14698 Galaxie Ave. Apple Valley, MN 55124 (952) 891-22225 4 Week Body Contour / Lipo Light Program Welcome and Congratulations! This is an important decision towards improving
More informationChapter 15. The Autonomic Nervous. The Autonomic Nervous System. Autonomic Motor Pathways. ANS vs. SNS
The Autonomic Nervous System Chapter 15 The subconscious involuntary nervous system Regulates activity of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle & certain glands The Autonomic Nervous System 1 2 ANS vs. SNS Somatic
More informationAnalysis of Peak Oxygen Consumption and Heart Rate During Elliptical and Treadmill Exercise
Analysis of Peak Oxygen Consumption and Heart Rate During Elliptical and Treadmill Exercise John A. Mercer, Janet S. Dufek, and Barry T. Bates Mercer JA, Dufek JS, Bates BT. Analysis of peak oxygen consumption
More informationHeat-Related Disorders
Heat-Related Disorders Exposure to the combination of external heat stress and the inability to dissipate metabolically generated heat can lead to three heat-related disorders (see figure 2): Heat cramps
More informationMilwaukee School of Engineering Gerrits@msoe.edu. Case Study: Factors that Affect Blood Pressure Instructor Version
Case Study: Factors that Affect Blood Pressure Instructor Version Goal This activity (case study and its associated questions) is designed to be a student-centered learning activity relating to the factors
More informationMake plans for outreach during heat emergencies, prioritizing those at highest risk. Document these plans and communicate them to staff.
New York State, Office of Mental Health NEW YORK CITY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND MENTAL HYGIENE Thomas R. Farley, MD, MPH Michael F. Hogan, Ph.D. June, 2012 Dear Executive Director, During hot weather, people
More informationChapter 40: Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function
Name Period Concept 40.1 Animal form and function are correlated at all levels of organization 1. Animals need to exchange materials with their environment. This process occurs as substances dissolved
More informationHot Weather and Young Worker Injuries in South Australia Katya Glogovska, Dino Pisaniello, Alana Hansen, Peng Bi
Hot Weather and Young Worker Injuries in South Australia Katya Glogovska, Dino Pisaniello, Alana Hansen, Peng Bi Discipline of Public Health University of Adelaide, South Australia Potential impact of
More informationAviation Physiological Factors. G. White
Aviation Physiological Factors G. White Hypoxia Hypoxia Hypoxia means reduced oxygen or not enough oxygen. May be Health or Environment Related Three Main Types Hypoxia Symptoms Cyanosis (blue fingernails
More informationThe August Krogh Institute: Capillaries and beyond
The August Krogh Institute: Capillaries and beyond Gisela Sjøgaard PhD, DrMedSci, Professor Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics University of Southern Denmark, Odense Marie & August August
More information2007 WHO Research Agenda for Extremely Low Frequency Fields
2007 WHO Research Agenda for Extremely Low Frequency Fields Introduction In 1997, the WHO International EMF Project developed a Research Agenda in order to facilitate and coordinate research worldwide
More information1. Metabolism 2. Thermal Physiology 3. Etc. Text: (skim 5-7) (skim 8+9) Lecture 30, 06 December 2005
Lecture 30, 06 December 2005 Metabolism (Chapter 5-7), Thermal Physiology (Ch 8-9) Miscellaneous, Wrap-Up, Last Lecture, Oral Presentations 1. Metabolism 2. Thermal Physiology 3. Etc. Vertebrate Physiology
More informationNorth Bergen School District Benchmarks
Grade: 10,11, and 12 Subject: Anatomy and Physiology First Marking Period Define anatomy and physiology, and describe various subspecialties of each discipline. Describe the five basic functions of living
More informationChemobrain. Halle C.F. Moore, MD The Cleveland Clinic October 3, 2015
Chemobrain Halle C.F. Moore, MD The Cleveland Clinic October 3, 2015 Terminology Chemotherapy-associated cognitive dysfunction Post-chemotherapy cognitive impairment Cancer treatment-associated cognitive
More informationNeuromuscular Adaptations to Training
Neuromuscular Adaptations to Training Baechle Chapter 4, pp. 143-151, 151, Powers & Howley pp. 253-255 255 Lecture Overview Neural Adaptations Skeletal Muscle Adaptations Connective Tissue Anatomy Connective
More informationHow To Write A Recipe Card
Joanne R. Festa, PhD (PLEASE PRINT) NAME: DATE OF BIRTH: NEUROPSYCHOLOGY INITIAL VISIT DATE: AGE: Do you have any areas of concern about your cognitive functioning? (i.e., problems with memory, attention,
More informationChapter 15. Neurotransmitters of the ANS
Chapter 15 Neurotransmitters of the ANS Neurotransmitters and Receptors How can the same ANS neurons create different effects on different target tissue? Variety of neurotransmitters Secondly, different
More informationHow To Train For Flexibility
FLEXIBILITY It has been proven that participating in a flexibility program will have numerous benefits. A flexibility-training program is a planned and deliberate program of specific stretching exercises
More informationEndocrine Responses to Resistance Exercise
chapter 3 Endocrine Responses to Resistance Exercise Chapter Objectives Understand basic concepts of endocrinology. Explain the physiological roles of anabolic hormones. Describe hormonal responses to
More information2. When temperature and wind chill falls below 35 degrees including the wind chill, students, are kept indoors.
Weather /Environmental Guidelines Time spent outdoors is an important part of the school day. It is difficult to set guidelines that fit every circumstance and condition in regards to outside activities.
More informationPassive Infrared Hemoencephalography for Traumatic Brain Injury. Robert Coben, Ph.D., BCIA EEG, D-qEEG Neuropsychologist Massapequa Park, New York
Passive Infrared Hemoencephalography for Traumatic Brain Injury Robert Coben, Ph.D., BCIA EEG, D-qEEG Neuropsychologist Massapequa Park, New York pirheg Passive Infrared Hemoencephalography Over Fpz only
More informationFitness Training A Sensible Guide to Preparing for Selection in the Gurkhas
Fitness Training A Sensible Guide to Preparing for Selection in the Gurkhas Background Physical fitness has a number of components: aerobic endurance (stamina), strength, speed, flexibility, muscle endurance,
More informationSTRATEGIES TO DEAL WITH THE HEAT IN COMPETITION HORSES
STRATEGIES TO DEAL WITH THE HEAT IN COMPETITION HORSES The Normal Horse Heart Rate: 28-44 bpm Respiratory Rate: 8-16 bpm Dr Anushka Chaku BSc BVMS MANCVS Temperature: 37.0-38.5 C Membrane colour: pink,
More informationQuestions on The Nervous System and Gas Exchange
Name: Questions on The Nervous System and Gas Exchange Directions: The following questions are taken from previous IB Final Papers on Topics 6.4 (Gas Exchange) and 6.5 (Nerves, hormones and homeostasis).
More informationBest Practices for Managing Heat Stress in Feedyard Cattle
Best Practices for Managing Heat Stress in Feedyard Cattle Prepared for Certified Angus Beef LLC by Dr. Terry L. Mader, Mader Consulting LLC, Gretna, Nebraska These guidelines have been developed based
More informationHuman Body Systems Project By Eva McLanahan
Human Body Systems Project By Eva McLanahan Students will work in groups to research one of the eleven body systems as found in Holt, Rinehart, and Winston Modern Biology (2002). Research will focus on
More informationPolicy # 7-A Effective Date: 6/1/2012 Pages: 8. San Diego County Operational Area. Rehabilitation
San Diego County Operational Area Rehabilitation Policy # 7-A Effective Date: 6/1/2012 Pages: 8 Purpose: This guideline provides the San Diego County Operational Area procedures for fire personnel rehabilitation
More informationVascular System The heart can be thought of 2 separate pumps from the right ventricle, blood is pumped at a low pressure to the lungs and then back
Vascular System The heart can be thought of 2 separate pumps from the right ventricle, blood is pumped at a low pressure to the lungs and then back to the left atria from the left ventricle, blood is pumped
More informationWhat Are the Health Benefits Associated with Strength Training?
Strength Training Program Necessary Basic information to obtain results. -- Most of the information contained in this handout is based on information gathered, researched, and presented by the National
More informationEXTREME HEAT OR COLD
Responsibility Never hesitate to call 911 Life Safety is most important! It is the responsibility of every individual to learn to recognize the warning signs of a medical emergency. Warning Signs and Symptoms
More informationAnatomi & Fysiologi 060301. The cardiovascular system (chapter 20) The circulation system transports; What the heart can do;
The cardiovascular system consists of; The cardiovascular system (chapter 20) Principles of Anatomy & Physiology 2009 Blood 2 separate pumps (heart) Many blood vessels with varying diameter and elasticity
More information