Bt cotton production in Burkina Faso. TRAORE Karim TRAORE Hamidou INERA-Burkina Faso

Transcription

1 Bt cotton production in Burkina Faso TRAORE Karim TRAORE Hamidou INERA-Burkina Faso

2 land locked country in West Africa. Area : km millions inhabitants 4 agro climatic Zones

3 85% of active population are farmers Farming contributes 37 % to GDP Cereals occupy > 70% cultivated area And produced for autoconsumption

4 Cotton main cash crop in the country Cotton production: rainfed and located in the soudanian zone >350,000 farmers of which >250,000 small scale farmers 1st seed coton producer in Africa (1993 rank 13 th )

5 COTTON IN BURKINA Tons ha Production (Tons) Acreage (ha) Significant increase from the 80 s

6 Bt technology development

7 Main constraints to cotton production in Burkina Very high pest pressure (damage 50-70%) The main insecticides used until 1990 were pyrethroids (cheap and accessible) The number of sprays increased with pressure (from 6 to 8); Money for pesticides ~30,489,849 /year human health (children, women) due to pesticides use ; Environmental problems (pesticides flow in surface and groundwater) ; Pests resistance to pyrethroids increased; Seed cotton yields decrease (from1200 to 900 kg/ha) Irregularity of cotton price on international market (WTO negociations) Soil fertility management Endosulfan which was the best alternative to pyrethroids in Burkina Faso, was forbidden

8 Boll Worm: Helicoverpa armigera

9 Biosafety precaution The national framework on biosecurity was created in 2003 after ratification of Cartegena protocol (2003). Different regulation offices were created (National Agency of Biosafety, National Scientific Committee, observatory on Biosafety..) (2004) The law was adopted by parliament in National agency for biosecurity (ANB) o Receives application for importation of GMO oprovides authorization for importation/experimentation and commercial release of GMO. ocontrols all research activities on GMO in the country. 9

10 Fulfill the biosafety requirements Application by mosanto for importation and experimentation of Bt Analyse of the application ANB Delivery of autorizations for importation and experimentation by biosafety agency (ANB) Identification and implication of different actors o Cotton growers, cotton companies; o End-products users (oil factories, spinners) ; o Scientists, politicians and other decision makers, civil society; o Partners (fertilizers and pesticides companies..);

11 Settle the experiments with INERA Contracts between INERA) and Monsanto for: o Evaluation of the biological efficiency of Bt cotton; o Evaluation of risks (environement and health); o Evaluation of the impact of the technology on seeds and fiber characteristics; o Evaluation of the profitability of Bt technology

12 DRREA DU SAHEL * Di DRREA DU NORD-OUEST * Ka tchari DRREA DE L OUEST * Saria CREAF de * Kamboinsé DRREA DU CENTRE DRREA DE L EST * Kouaré * * Nia ngoloko Far ako-bâ CREAF/Kamboinsé DRREA de l Ouest/Farako-Bâ (Bobo-Dioulasso) DRREA du Centre/Saria (Koudougou), DRREA de l Est/Kouaré(Fada-N gourma) DRREA du Nord-Ouest/Di (Tougan), DRREA du Sahel/Katchari (Dori)

13 04 scientific departments : 1.Crop production department (DPV) 2.Forest and Agroforestry Department (DPF) 3.Livestock Production Department (DPA) 4.Natural resources management and farming system (GRN/SP) 16 research programs 5 Laboratories: soil/water/plants, entomology, Phytopathology and weed science biotechnology, Virology and biotechnology

14 INERA = 573 in 3 groups : scientists 164; technicians 166; admin 243.

15 Other biotechnogy activities INERA is involved in the biotechnology projects: SABIMA with FARA Africa Biofortified Sorghum (ABS) with Africa Harvest Bt cowpea with AATF

16 STEPS FOR Bt COTTON EXPERIMENTS : laboratory, CFT and multilocal experiments in research centers, under control conditions with American cultivars (DP50 and Cooker) 2006 Gene transfer in the local varieties (back cross) 2007: field experiment with 20 farmers (20 ha under control conditions with farmers participation)

17 Sensitivity tests to detect cotton pest resistance to Bt toxin

18 Usefull insects sensitivity Trichogramme on Diparopsis eggs ladybug (adult and larvae) eating aphids Forficula eating Helicoverpa s larvae 18

19 Bees sensitivity to Bt toxin Ruche Kenyane

20 Bt experiment events in Burkina FK290 BGII (>800 mm, t/ha) STAM 59A BGII (<800 mm t/ha) FK37 BGII >800 mm, 2-3 t/ha

21 How Bt Cotton was implemented? Preventing gene flow was critical, so 15m strips of conventional cotton surrounded each trial to serve as pollen traps

22 CFT in 2004 Bt trial Buffer (2 m) Pollen trap of 15 m around trial 22 22

23 RESULTS Bt gene allows an effective control of boll warms (Helicoverpa armigera, Diparopsis watersi, Earias sp. ) and leaf worms (Syllepte derogata, Spodoptera littoralis, Anomis flava.) With Bt gene, seed cotton yield increased to 30%, compared to conventional cotton; Gene flow: <15 m, Bt had no effect on other arthropods associated to cotton plant; Bees were less aggressive in Bt plots with more honey compared to what was observed in conventional fields; No toxicity was observed at 3000 mg/kg with oil and cake derived from transgenic cotton seeds (experiment with rats); Insecticides spraying cost was reduced by 62% with Bt cotton, compared to conventional cotton.

24 Sharing the results

25 Different visits during fields experimentations Cotton growers from Burkina and West Africa Scientists Media Ministries (Environment, Agriculture, Research..) Political decision makers Cotton companies Civil society Organizations (ACA, ISAAA, Embassies ) Partner MONSANTO Students Open-days on Bt cotton trials

26 Scientists, Cotton growers, Ministries of Agriculture, of Environment and the National Biosafety Agency

27 ISAAA, 2006 Scientists, 2006 Bt cotton trials visits Minister of agriculture, 2006 African cotton association leaders,(aca) 2004

28 AFTER EXPERIMENTATION Sharing the results after experimentation (opened to people, medias, and all the actors) Sharing Bt results. Ouagadougou, 3 th February 2005

29 Seed production plan (not modified, same as conventional distance (GM/conventional) : > 15 stocking and transportation of seed cotton from field to ginning process (purity control with a treatment seed distribution to farmers

30 Seed production 2008: seed production on 8,500 ha (seed producers) and distribute to famers (commercial release) 2009: Distribution of Bt Seeds to farmers and 200,000 ha under Bt. 2010: 66% of cotton fields in the country are covered by Bt cotton 2011: 60% 2012: 50%

31 Je vous remercie pour votre attention