The Resilience of Nature. Mount St. Helens Eruption and Recovery
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1 The Resilience of Nature Mount St. Helens Eruption and Recovery
2 Mount St. Helens Before the 1980 Eruption Photo taken from Norway Pass
3 Eruption
4 March 27, 1980 The 1980 Eruptive Period Begins
5 The Mountain Started Splitting
6 The Bulge
7
8 A 5.1 earthquake starts the avalanche Block two Block one
9
10 The Blast Begins Upward and Outward!
11 The Blast Spreads Northward
12
13 Ash Is Pushed Eastward Toward Yakima
14
15 Crystals in Volcanic Rock Minerals form into large crystals in volcanic rock that cools slowly. Minerals do not form crystals in volcanic rock that cools quickly. cools slowly cools quickly Granite < Dacite Obsidian (Mount St. Helens 1980)
16 Before Spirit Lake viewed from Norway Pass
17 After Lake bottom elevated 180 ft.
18 Spirit Lake
19 Mount St. Helens Eruption Damage
20 How big was it? Who Owned It? Acres Weyerhaeuser 68,000 Forest Service 64,000 State 12,000 Plum Creek Timber 5,000 Others 1,000 Total 150,000
21 The Lateral Blast Damage to Weyerhaeuser lands
22 Damaged Logging Equipment
23 Damaged Logging Equipment
24 Logging Tower and Loader Tower Boom of shovel
25 Log Loader
26 Fire Truck
27 Zone of Complete Destruction
28 Remains of Old Growth Forest
29 Blow-Down Zone
30
31 Standing Dead Zone
32 The Landslide and mudflow
33 Avalanche Debris Flow
34 The slide blocks Major Creeks Creating 2 New Lakes!
35 Hummock
36 New Pools and Hummocks
37 12 Road Shop
38 Weyerhaeuser s 12 Road Logging Camp
39 Crew Bus from Camp Baker
40 Weyerhaeuser Bridge
41 Seedling Cold Storage Camp Baker
42 Weyerhaeuser s Camp Baker
43 Camp Baker Equipment
44 19 Mile
45 State Highway Bridge
46 Weyerhaeuser s Campground
47 State Bridge Crossing the Toutle
48 Lower Toutle River
49 Mud Flow Leaves it s Mark
50 Interstate 5 Bridge
51 The mudflow Enters the Cowlitz River
52 Safety USGS Hot line Contingency Plan Flood Watch OSHA study PPE - Personal Protection Equipment Evacuation routes Emergency food supplies Road watering
53 Safety Starts with a Plan
54 24 hour Communications were critical!
55 Safety Equipment - PPE
56 Monitoring for Effects of Ash
57 Monitoring the Toutle River was crucial! River watchman at their station 24 hours a day Setting up river monitors
58 Watering Roads to Control Ash
59 Salvage Logging ,500 ACRES / 8,300 HECTARES 850 MILLION BOARD FEET/ 4.8 MILLION CUBIC METERS 1,000 PEOPLE
60 Dead Trees are Food for Insects
61 First Phase of River Salvage
62 Logs and Trees Pulled from River
63
64 Logs being Loaded
65
66 Salvage Operation 1981
67 Salvage of Standing Dead in the Blast Zone
68
69
70
71 Ash Boils Up as the Tree Hits the Ground
72 600 Truck Loads Per Day
73 Reforestation HAND-PLANTED 45,500 ACRES or 15,400 HECTARES 18,400,000 TREES DOUGLAS-FIR NOBLE FIR COTTONWOOD (RIPARIAN AREAS) LODGEPOLE PINE
74 18,400,000 Seedlings were Planted One By One 11 million Douglas-fir 7 million noble fir
75 Improved Seed from Our Seed Orchard
76 Weyerhaeuser seedlings Seedlings Grown in Our Nursery
77 Seedlings are Lifted, Bagged and Trucked to the Woods.
78 Planters Loading Up in the Morning
79 Noble-fir seedling
80 Trench dug to allow eroding ash to pass
81 June 1980 Minors Creek Monument Boundary
82 National Volcanic Monument Weyerhaeuser Douglas-fir 14 years old Minors Creek Monument Boundary
83 Shultz Creek Damage June 1980
84 Shultz Creek After Reforestation July 2002
85 Green River Reforestation Before
86 Green River Reforestation After July 2002
87 1980 Damage -10 miles North of Mountain (1)
88 The Area was Cut and Burned (2)
89 Planted in 1983 (3)
90 By 2002 the trees were well on their way (4)
91 Salvage and Regeneration on 3120 Road (1)
92 Regeneration on 3120 Road (2)
93 Weyerhaeuser Planted 1983 National Volcanic Monument The West Boundary between Weyerhaeuser and the National Volcanic Monument
94 Minors Creek Monument Boundary boundary Planted 1983
95 Recovery The Planted Forest Today
96 SOME TREES
97 Diameters 15 to 22 E:\Untitled-1.tif
98 First Commercial Thinning 2005
99 Delimbing
100 Forwarder
101 Fertilizing 36,000 acres
102 Renewal
103 Weyerhaeuser s Forest Learning Center at Mount St. Helens
104 THANK YOU
105 Important Research/Study Areas ASH COMOSITION/EROSION 130+ SPECIES OF ANIMALS COHO SALMON ELK PLANTS APPROXIMATELY 200 TOTAL STUDIES
106 A Bracken Fern Pushes Through the Ash
107 Natural Vegetation Study June 1980
108 Natural Vegetation after One Year
109 Studying Erosion
110 V-blade plow How can we move some of the ash?
111 Regeneration Studies
112 Migration of Roosevelt Elk into the Blast Zone
113 Elk Herd on Mudflow
114 Bird Survey Mountain blue bird
115 Amphibian Studies
116 Noble fir plant on Weyerhaeuser land
117 The Old Dome Inside the Crater of Mount St. Helens
118 New Dome behind old dome
119 Forest Learning Center At Mount St. Helens
120
121 . Portable Testing Equipment
122 Equipment Attached to Worker
123 Health Testing During Salvage Logging
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