Psychrometrics - The Study Of Air-Water Vapor Mixtures
|
|
- Adelia Davis
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 One of the largest obstacles when dealing with building moisture complications is the confusion surrounding moisture properties and dynamics. Part of the challenge is the elusive nature of moisture characteristics in buildings. Many of the dynamics which influence building moisture levels are not necessarily recognizable or measurable without the aid of specialized equipment and a working knowledge of the psychrometric process. We often hear a reference to a whole house approach for diagnosing and treating homes. Understanding and combining the relationship of energy improvements, and moisture control is a great example of this whole house concept. When the appropriate approach is used multiple and mutual benefits are obtainable, including energy efficient, comfortable, and healthy homes. Ignoring the interactive dynamics of moisture and other building performance issues is a risky approach, resulting in unhealthy situations, building durability problems, and comfort complaints. Psychrometrics - The Study Of Air-Water Vapor Mixtures Dry Bulb Temperature - The temperature of air as sensed by a thermometer. Wet Bulb Temperature - The temperature of air as sensed by a wet bulb, influenced by the evaporative cooling process. Specific Humidity - The weight of water vapor per pound of dry air. Relative Humidity (RH) - The amount of moisture air holds relative the maximum amount it can hold, at any given temperature Dew Point Temperature - The temperature at which the water vapor in air would begin to condense. The above psychrometric criteria have a constant relationship which is demonstrated on the Psychrometric Chart. Using the chart we can determine temperatures, dew point, relative and specific humidity. To predict whether or not moisture
2 condensation will occur on a given surface you need three pieces of information; the temperature of the air, the relative humidity of the air, and the surface temperature. To avoid surface condensation raise the surface temperature, lower the moisture content of the air, or employ some combination of both. Relative humidity is a function of the amount of moisture content in the air relative to the air temperature. Warm air holds more moisture than cold. If the air temperature cools to the point where the air can no longer hold the moisture, condensation occurs. If a window is colder than the surrounding air, the moisture in that air condenses when it comes into contact with the cold glass surface. Some condensation can be expected in cold weather since glass temperatures readily conduct cold exterior temperatures, even with today s advanced glass technologies. The colder the outdoor temperature, the more likely condensation will occur. The higher the relative humidity of the air near the window, the more likely condensation will occur. The occurrence of condensation is the specific intersection of a particular air temperature and air moisture content. This is a very predictable constant and proven equation as demonstrated on the widely accepted Psychrometric Curve. Using these humidity/air temperature equations building scientist can readily predict when condensation will occur. With a thermostat set at 70 degrees, and indoor relative humidity below 35 percent condensation will not be a problem on double-glazed/ Low-E windows until outside temperatures drop close to zero. If condensation occurs on the double-glazed/ Low-E windows it s an indication that relative humidity is too high for the temperature conditions. The best way to deal with condensation on high-quality, double-glazed windows is to reduce indoor relative humidity to no more the 35 percent. Additional Considerations During the first heating season, newly constructed homes can release overwhelming amounts of moisture into the air as part of the curing and drying process related to green concrete, plaster and wood. The tighter the home the less need (if any) there is for additional added humidification Since the human body does not often readily react to small shifts in humidity it can be difficult to monitor and control whole house humidification systems. Over humidification caused be these systems is a very common occurrence.
3 Applying the psychrometric process can be useful in helping to understand wet attics, attic condensation and attic mold. If warm moist air from the heated space escapes into the attic during the cold winter season, condensation will occur when that moisture contacts the cold roof plywood. In some attics condensation will only be apparent on the cold north side of the rood as the solar gain from the sun keeps the south side above the dew point. In any event air escaping into the attic during the heating season is bad news. The multiple benefits of sealing air leaks into the attic increase comfort, save energy, and can help reduce the potential for wet attics. This ceiling light fixture only leaks on cold winter nights. A symptom of severe attic condensation and heat loss. The attic roof plywood is saturated with water resulting in mold growth. Moisture Transfer Methods 1. Diffusion - The transport of water molecules through a surface due to a difference in vapor pressure. Various building materials allow different amounts of moisture to pass through them. The measured perm rating of these materials refers to the grains of water vapor passing through a square foot per hour. Materials with low perm ratings ( ) are considered good vapor retarders. Materials such as exterior house wraps have high perm ratings 2. Convection - The movement of air and the water vapor in it, due to stack effect, wind effect, and mechanical effect. 3. Capillary Action - Wicking action of wood or masonry Recent building research suggests that air leakage (convection) is the main factor contributing to condensation problems in insulated building cavities such as attics, kneewalls, and to a much lesser extent walls. Vapor diffusion plays a much
4 smaller role. It is important to note that low rated perm materials (vapor retarders) should never be used on the cold side of any insulation or building component where condensation may occur. To stop moisture migration into insulated building cavities the most important consideration is an air tight barrier to stop air movement and the moisture carried with it. Typical Moisture Sources in the Home Source LBS/HR Respiration 0.1 per person Bath 1.5 Shower 2-4 Washing Machine 1-2 Hand washing 0.8 Gas Stove 0.4 Gas Oven 0.8 Boiling Water 1.4 Typical Household Moisture Generation = 22 LBS Per Day 3-4 Family members 14 LBS Bathing showers 3 Cooking 2 Dishwashing 1 Plants 1 Moisture Balance in Buildings Four factors influence moisture levels in the home. Appropriate control and management of these factors is the key to a healthy moisture balance. 1. Source strength is the largest factor influencing moisture levels in the home, including moisture production from normal household activities. Additional sources from leaks, standing ground, and other incidental complications can easily increase indoor moisture to unacceptable levels. Treating these extraneous sources are the most effective way to reduce moisture complications.
5 2. Temperature of surfaces below the dew point will allow condensation to occur. Treating cold surfaces eliminates condensation while improving comfort and energy efficiency. 3. Moisture transfer includes moisture intrusion from outside and interior situations that allow moist air to leak to cold surfaces. Treating the building shell to prevent leaks and capillary action can eliminate exterior bulk moisture intrusion. Sealing heated spaces from cold surfaces and the use of vapor retarders eliminates conditions where condensation can occur. 4. Ventilation rate can determine the potential to flush out excess moisture and improve circulation. It is important to note that in the heating season outside air has less specific humidity than inside air, even if it has a higher relative humidity. When cold outside air is brought inside and heated, the relative humidity drops. Consider the following example; Assume a scenario of outside air temperature at 40 F and a relative humidity of 60%, bring that air inside and heat it to 75 F. The relative humidity for that volume of air drops to 18%, the specific humidity does not change. The Drying Effect of Outside Air: Moving high relative humidity air out of the building and replacing it with dry outside air lowers the inside relative humidity. Homeowners often complain of dry homes. Typically these are drafty homes. Often occupants will respond to dry homes with humidifiers. This approach will add moisture to the air but may result in condensation if surface temperatures are below the dew point temperatures. The best treatment for dry homes is to reduce excessive, uncontrolled infiltration of dry outside air. Mold, Mildew, and Wood Decay There are tens of thousands of different varieties of molds and mildews. Found in many common environments, their growth is encouraged by warmth and high humidity. Molds which are produced in the home are of particular concern especially to individuals who are sensitive to the microorganisms that cause allergies, asthma, and other health related problems. People should not live in moldy houses!
6 Indoor mold growth typically occurs when indoor relative humidity exceed 55% in the winter and 70% in summer. Cold surfaces in the heating season such as thermal defects and around windows are good candidates for mold growth. Damp basements or leakage areas are also common mold sites. Wood moisture content is defined as the weight of water in wood, relative to the weight of dry wood. Dry lumber has a moisture content of less than 19%. Kiln dried lumber is less than 15%. The moisture content of wood installed in buildings is influenced by the relative humidity of the building. Typically wood moisture content will not exceed 20% unless subject to standing water, condensation, or leaks. Wood decay is sometimes called dry rot because of the crumbly effect on the wood. When wood temperatures are above 50 F and moisture content reaches the fiber saturation point (30%) decay fungal growth begins. Moisture Sources And Symptoms & Solutions Many different factors and variables determine the moisture levels in each home. Normal daily activities can produce significant amounts of moisture. Additional moisture sources can overcome the natural ventilation of the home raising the indoor moisture to unacceptable levels. The volume of the moisture source is the largest factor in determining the potential for problems. Moisture symptoms can help building practitioners identify and evaluate the extent of potential problems. Some symptoms are visible for example mold, rust, and window condensation. Other factors must be measured with diagnostic tools primarily a psychrometer, blower door, and moisture meter. A history of the home and some lifestyle considerations of the occupant can also be important indications for determining the optimum moisture control strategy for the home. Modest lifestyle changes may be necessary, decrease or stop humidifier use, cook with covered pots, avoid drying laundry inside, and cover aquariums. Simple home repairs can help. Cover and seal any exposed openings in basements floors or walls, repair leaky plumbing, improve drainage, make sure dryer and exhaust fan vents are vented to outside.
7 Additional moisture sources can include exposed dirt floors, green firewood stored inside, unvented (or faulty) combustion heaters, spas, and expansive house plant collections. Removal or reduction of excessive moisture sources is the most desirable and most effective solution. The elusive characteristics and seasonal nature of moisture in buildings make it difficult to predict which homes may be susceptible to problems. Typically there are a combination of key sources and symptoms that can be used to help quantify moisture levels. Consider the following data resulting from the study of 101 homes with various moisture levels. A level 1 indicates a home with little or no problem, level 2 - moderate and potentially worsening problem, level 3 - severe problem home. humidifier humidifier occasional use frequent use dryer vented indoors clothes dried inside crawl space without ground cover basement foundation seepage sump pump opening or equivalent Level 1 6 % 0 % 3 % 0 % 3 % 0 % 6 % Level 2 2 % 5 % 12 % 8 % 10 % 15 % 17 % Level 3 8 % 12 % 24 % 6 % 28 % 36 % 20 % gutters/ plumbing other fan use fan use fan use fan use
8 downspouts leaks none seldom occasional often ineffective >20 min. Level 1 26 % 3 % 3 % 41 % 26 % 24 % 9 % Level 2 22 % 5 % 2 % 46 % 41 % 12 % 0 % Level 3 32 % 4 % 8 % 56 % 32 % 4 % 8 % The information from this study can serve as a guideline to help quantify moisture potential and categorize homes for appropriate solutions. The symptoms and sources found should be assigned a value by the practitioner based on degree and potential. It is important to remember that the total combination of conditions will determine the potential for any individual building. No data or numbers can be as intuitive and flexible as the practitioner's experience and common sense. Do not let the numbers supersede your own best judgment. Some homes may have obvious problem symptoms but no apparent sources. It is important for the practitioner to use good judgment in these cases and proceed with the appropriate caution. A thorough customer interview, including a history of the home and pertinent symptoms is imperative. It is important to fully document specific details or any extenuating conditions which effect the moisture conditions of the home. Ventilation - Don t Stay Home Without it! In cases where sources reduction is not sufficient or possible controlled ventilation systems must be used to move moisture laden air from the building. Controlled ventilation has an advantage over natural infiltration. Natural drafts are unreliable subject to temperature and wind change. Unfortunately many of the existing fans found in homes today are not powerful enough or used long enough to provide adequate air exchange. Typically these fans are moving air at about one half the rated capacity. Many are too loud and use to much energy for long term use. It is not uncommon to find bath exhaust fans that dump moist air back into the building due to faulty venting and ducting. A wide variety of powerful yet low wattage quiet fans are on the market today. Properly installed with a timer switch or dehumidistat control the fans can provide spot ventilation where it is needed most - typically from showering and cooking. In some very tight or problem homes systems can be designed to run continuously. Heat recovery systems usually seen in new tight construction, preheat fresh air to minimize heating costs Often homeowners and some builders confuse attic ventilation with moisture control in the heated area of the building. It is important to point out that these are
9 two different systems that deal with two different zones of the building system. Attic ventilation will not address moisture sources originating from the living space. Procedural Issues Increasing the range of buildings that can be retrofitted while limiting potential liabilities is a balance that can sometimes take considerable good judgment. Proceeding in a consistent standardized fashion eliminates guess work. Assessment procedures that evaluate and document conditions are the basis for finding problems before they get out of control. Moisture audits can be an important part of any energy/comfort improvement initiative. The key is to employ a pre-emptive approach to avoid problems. Identify potential problems before any work begins. Quantify moisture sources and symptoms to determine the potential for problems. Bring the customer on board as part of the audit procedure. Document existing conditions and follow-up to track post retrofit results. Customer education is critical due to the many myths surrounding moisture issues. The occupant is inevitably the one responsible for source reduction and ventilation control. Use your professional integrity and diagnostic tools to increase credibility. Present the science involved by referring to graphics, psychrometric charts. Use simple examples, photos, and educational brochures to explain confusing concepts. User friendly solutions will be more readily accepted by the occupant. This is especially true for ventilation controls. Ask unconvinced homeowner s to run their existing fans for a trial period. Even if the fan is loud leave them on continuously for 24 hours during a period of high moisture. Follow up to track the effect. Does Weatherization Cause Indoor Air Quality Problems? No one has all the answer on dealing with IAQ issues. However many experts now agree that tight homes don t necessarily have worse IAQ than drafty homes. Many energy improvements actually help moisture control such as treating cold areas, adding storm windows, sealing air leakage path, and duct leaks. House tightening reduces air exchange rates which may have previously kept indoor humidity low. In this case the retrofit did not create the moisture but lead to conditions that made an existing situation more obvious.
10 Building tightening work should not proceed if there is a any significant indoor air quality problem that is not treatable. To predict moisture problems we have science, audit procedures and diagnostic tools. To prevent problems we must treat the building as a whole system. This whole house challenge includes treating the most important, sometimes erratic component of the system - the occupant.
Service & Maintenance:
Service & Maintenance: Condensation About Condensation Tips for Controlling Humidity and Condensation Frequently Asked Questions Sources 1 condensation: What is it? Introduction Moisture on windows and
More informationMolds and mildew are fungi that grow
Appendix C: Moisture, Mold and Mildew Molds and mildew are fungi that grow on the surfaces of objects, within pores, and in deteriorated materials. They can cause discoloration and odor problems, deteriorate
More informationHome inspectors are not mold inspectors, however they do inspect for defects that
CONDENSATION IN THE WALLS Home inspectors are not mold inspectors, however they do inspect for defects that can result in mold. Mold grows in wet or damp environments. Defects that result in a wet or damp
More informationabout your house Before You Start Renovating Your Basement Moisture Problems Figure 1 Moisture problems to solve
about your house CE 28 c Before You Start Renovating Your Basement Moisture Problems Mold and decay on floor joists and sill plates Stuffy air, high humidity, poor air circulation Water draining in from
More informationbout your HOUSE before you start Renovating Your Basement Moisture Problems
A bout your HOUSE before you start Renovating Your Basement Moisture Problems CE 28 c Condensation of cold surfaces, efflorescence Water leak in corner on floor Mold and decay on floor joists and sill
More informationbout your house before you start Renovating Your Basement Moisture Problems
A bout your house CE 28c before you start Renovating Your Basement Moisture Problems Mold and decay on floor joists and sill plates Stuffy air, high humidity, poor air circulation Water draining in from
More informationPreventing Ice Dams on Roofs
Preventing Ice Dams on Roofs Facility Manager November/December 2005 When a roof leaks, facility managers inevitably receive complaints from building occupants. If it is winter, ice dams are often the
More informationHousing Fact Sheets. Moisture Condensation at the Windows
Moisture Condensation at the Windows Housing Fact Sheets This fact sheet discusses the causes of and remedies for wintertime condensation problems that occur on windows, glass, and other glazing materials
More informationAttic condensation during winter can
Housing Fact Sheet Causes and Cures of Attic Condensation and Roof Ice Damming Problems Attic condensation during winter can decrease the effectiveness of insulation and over time can cause significant
More informationControlling moisture. For your home. Bellevue, WA 98009-9734. Puget Sound Energy. pse.com/myrebates. P.O. Box 97034 1210 02/14
Controlling moisture For your home 1210 02/14 Puget Sound Energy P.O. Box 97034 Bellevue, WA 98009-9734 pse.com/myrebates Control the moisture in your home In this guide 3 Control the moisture in your
More informationCONDENSATION EXPLAINED
CONDENSATION EXPLAINED WHAT IS CONDENSATION: Condensation, which appears as a light coating of water, droplets, frost, ice, or a combination of those elements forms on any surface whose temperature is
More informationCommon Problems with Walls
Common Problems with Walls Common Problems with Walls There are problems and concerns that are shared by all walls and siding installations. In this article, we will learn about the following commonly
More informationKey energy-efficient features of your new home
Key energy-efficient features of your new home Your thermal envelope The thermal envelope, or shell, of your home (walls, roof and floor) is designed to keep you dry and comfortable. It protects you from
More informationMOLD PREVENTION Kathleen Parrott, Ph.D. Professor of Housing, Virginia Tech
MOLD PREVENTION Kathleen Parrott, Ph.D. Professor of Housing, Virginia Tech Virginia Cooperative Extension has three publications to help you deal with mold in your home: Mold Basics: What is mold? How
More informationBefore You Start an Energy Efficiency Retrofit The Building Envelope
ABOUT YOUR HOUSE Before You Start an Energy Efficiency Retrofit The Building Envelope The building envelope is the outer layer of the building that separates the indoor living space from the outdoor environment,
More informationWITH A GOOD FAITH EFFORT BY BOTH TENANTS AND LANDLORDS, WE CAN KEEP MOLD OUTSIDE, WHERE IT BELONGS.
MOLD GUIDANCE FOR TENANTS AND LANDLORDS (NOTE: Not applicable to Hot and Humid Climates) Many landlords and tenants do not understand why mold problems start and how to safely clean them up when they do.
More informationCONDENSATION. Section Break (Next Page)
CONDENSATION Elimination of condensation on or within walls and floors is as important as reducing the heat loss through the wall or floor. In addition to the moisture damage caused to buildings by condensation,
More informationHow To Prevent Moisture From Condensation
B University of Wisconsin-Extension Cooperative Extension MAINTAINING YOUR HOME John L. Merrill Persistent fog or frost on windows, mold on ceilings and walls, and musty odors are all signs of moisture
More informationWater Management & Damage Prevention:
Water Management & Damage Prevention: A Guide for Homeowners This article provides homeowners with basic information to make these decisions and take the appropriate actions to keep their homes dry and
More informationSAVE ENERGY AT HOME INSULATE AND AIR SEAL
SAVE ENERGY AT HOME INSULATE AND AIR SEAL Check the roof insulation level and add insulation to maintain minimum R-38 (6 of blown cellulose or equal). Use R-19 between frame or R-10 rigid insulation for
More informationThe Fallacies of Venting Crawl Spaces January 3, 2002 Craig DeWitt, PhD, PE
104 Vista Terrace RLC Engineering, LLC www.rlcengineering.com Clemson, SC 29631 info@rlcengineering.com 864.654.2979 The Fallacies of Venting Crawl Spaces January 3, 2002 Craig DeWitt, PhD, PE Almost 70%
More informationEnergy saving tips for home
Energy saving tips for home Contents 1 Heating and cooling 2 Computers, TVs and general appliances 4 Kitchen and cooking 6 Washing and drying 8 Lighting 9 Outdoors 9 We re all looking for ways to cut back
More informationBasic Mold Prevention
Basic Mold Prevention Mold is a form of fungi and a part of nature. Just as other plants produce seeds to reproduce themselves, mold produces tiny spores to reproduce itself. These spores are floating
More informationSolving Persistent Moisture Problems and Moisture Damage
B etter buildings Solving Persistent Moisture Problems and Moisture Damage Summary This three-storey, 15-unit, 1,300 square metre (13,993 sq. ft) walk-up was built in 1958. In the 1980s, the building started
More informationabout your house How to Get the Ventilation That You Need in Your House Figure 1 Infiltration and exfiltration of air in a house
about your house CE 64 How to Get the Ventilation That You Need in Your House Canadian houses are relatively airtight, and have been for years. The old farmhouses where people lived several generations
More informationFirst Time Home Buyers Energy Efficiency Workshop Guide
First Time Home Buyers Energy Efficiency Workshop Guide Why is efficiency important when buying a home? Affordability: lower utility bills Environmental responsibility: reduces your carbon footprint and
More informationSubpart 1. Installation. All plumbing systems must be. installed and tested according to this chapter and chapter 4715,
4658.4500 PLUMBING SYSTEMS; NEW CONSTRUCTION. Subpart 1. Installation. All plumbing systems must be installed and tested according to this chapter and chapter 4715, the Minnesota Plumbing Code. Subp. 2.
More informationAnswers to Your Questions from the Webinar
2008 Desert Aire and USA Swimming. Used by permission. Desert Aire & USA Swimming - Aquatics Webinar - Answers to Your Questions Answers to Your Questions from the Webinar Thank you for your interest in
More informationECHO System for Basements
ECHO System for Basements Homeowners looking for more space are all too familiar with the cold, damp and dingy basement. Now, the Enclosure Conditioned Housing (ECHO) System TM, winner of the Ottawa-Carleton
More informationLiabilities of Vented Crawl Spaces And Their Impacts on Indoor Air Quality in Southeastern U.S. Homes
Liabilities of Vented Crawl Spaces And Their Impacts on Indoor Air Quality in Southeastern U.S. Homes Jonathan Coulter, Bruce Davis, Cyrus Dastur, Melissa Malkin-Weber and Tracy Dixon Advanced Energy,
More informationEnergy-saving tips for apartments and condos
Energy-saving tips for apartments and condos pse.com/multifamilyretrofit 1232 1/4 Puget Sound Energy P.O. Box 97034 Bellevue, WA 98009-9734 pse.com/multifamilyretrofit Whether you rent or own, there are
More informationCondensation Fact Sheet METAL BUILDING MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION
Condensation Fact Sheet METAL BUILDING MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION The Condensation Process Condensation occurs when warmer moist air comes in contact with cold surfaces such as framing members, windows
More informationHome Management Checklist: Preventing Home Moisture Damage. Exterior Checklist
HL 235 Rev. August 1998 In all instances where there is excess moisture in a house, the most important thing to do is to determine the source of the water and eliminate that source. The Extension publications
More information*Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company A business unit of The Dow Chemical Company and its subsidiaries Copyright 2003 The Dow Chemical Company.
Dow Chemical is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to CES Records for AIA members.
More informationBasements are Changing. Basements Part of the Enclosure. Basements. Energy Efficient, Durable, Healthy. Below grade enclosure
Basements are Changing John Straube, Ph.D., P.Eng Basements: New & Retrofit Energy Efficient, Durable, Healthy Increasingly used as living space Not a root /coal cellar anymore! High quality space expected
More informationAIR CONDITIONING EFFICIENCY F8 Energy eco-efficiency opportunities in Queensland Foundries
AIR CONDITIONING EFFICIENCY F8 Energy eco-efficiency opportunities in Queensland Foundries Hot tips and cool ideas to save energy and money! Air conditioning units or systems are often used by foundries
More informationBUILDING ASSESSMENT QUESTIONNAIRE. B. TENANTS Is there more than one tenant in the building? YES
Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Public Health Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch 1912 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1912 BUILDING ASSESSMENT QUESTIONNAIRE
More informationLiabilities of Vented Crawl Spaces, Their Impacts on Indoor Air Quality in Southeastern U.S. Homes and One Intervention Strategy
Liabilities of Vented Crawl Spaces, Their Impacts on Indoor Air Quality in Southeastern U.S. Homes and One Intervention Strategy Jonathan Coulter 1 ABSTRACT This paper documents the influences vented crawl
More informationPROPERTY INSPECTION OR ASSESSMENT OF DAMAGES
PROPERTY INSPECTION OR ASSESSMENT OF DAMAGES ADDRESS: Somewhere, FL CLIENT: GAIA GC ID No: 2015000 DATE: 12/31/2015 INSPECTION OR ASSESSMENT BY: GAIA CONSTRUCTION INC. CGC 1516136 FLORIDA HI-2792 FLORIDA
More informationHVAC Calculations and Duct Sizing
PDH Course M199 HVAC Calculations and Duct Sizing Gary D. Beckfeld, M.S.E., P.E. 2007 PDH Center 2410 Dakota Lakes Drive Herndon, VA 20171-2995 Phone: 703-478-6833 Fax: 703-481-9535 www.pdhcenter.com An
More informationBasement Insulation: Best Practices for Efficient, Durable, & Healthy Homes
Basement Insulation: Best Practices for Efficient, Durable, & Healthy Homes Midwest Regional Energy Codes Conference October 3, 2012 Indianapolis, IN Patrick H. Huelman Cold Climate Housing Coordinator
More informationCRAWLSPACE ISSUES IN THE NORTHWEST
CRAWLSPACE ISSUES IN THE NORTHWEST Ken Baker, K energy, Association of Idaho Cities Chuck Murray, Washington State University Extension Energy Program Issue Statement With respect to crawl space design
More informationUnderwriters Laboratories Testing Information
Underwriters Laboratories Testing Information R-8078 Underwriters Laboratories Inc. R-13173 Classified Spray Fiber Surface burning characteristics applied to inorganic reinforced cement board with a maximum
More informationkeep moisture in check by getting fairly hot and facilitating downward time the sun came out, Then, after installation roof no longer got very
Cool Roofs Cause Condensation Fact or Fiction? by Phil Dregger, PE, RRC, Technical Roof Services, Inc. (Editor s Note: Phil Dregger is a professional engineer, registered roof consultant, author, and fellow
More informationIndoor Air Quality FILL YOUR HOME WITH AIR THAT IS AS CLEAN AS IT IS COMFORTABLE. READ ONLY
Indoor Air Quality FILL YOUR HOME WITH AIR THAT IS AS CLEAN AS IT IS COMFORTABLE. QUALITY AIR STARTS HERE. AccuExchange Energy Recovery Ventilator Improve your home s indoor environment by exchanging stale
More informationBest Practices for Crawl Space Insulation
Best Practices for Crawl Space Insulation Copyright 2011 Basement Systems Inc. All Rights Reserved Table of Contents I - Introduction II - Step By Step Guide 1 - Providing Adequate Drainage 2 - Controling
More informationMold and Mildew Mold and mildew can be detected by sight, smell and touch.
Mold and Mildew Mold and mildew can be detected by sight, smell and touch. Molds are usually black (not unlike the molds that grow in showers and between grout), green or tan in color, but can be in various
More informationBasic B.S. (building science) insights for. Spray Foam, HVAC and Moisture
Basic B.S. (building science) insights for Spray Foam, HVAC and Moisture Claudette Hanks Reichel, Ed.D. Professor and Extension Housing Specialist Director, LaHouse Resource Center When the blind leads
More informationMY HOME IN A HOUSING BLOCK A GUIDE FOR RESIDENTS
MY HOME IN A HOUSING BLOCK A GUIDE FOR RESIDENTS -KESKUSTA One half of Finns live in housing blocks, which is a safe and comfortable way to live. Welcome a board! Buildings and the Finnish climate There
More informationHeating and Ventilation
Baltic Environmental Forum Latvia Antonijas iela 3-8 LV-1010 Riga, Latvia www.bef.lv Baltic Environmental Froum Deutschland e. V. Osterstraße 58 20259 Hamburg, Germany www. bef-de.org Heating and Ventilation
More informationBuilding and Grounds Maintenance Checklist
Building and Grounds Maintenance Checklist Name: School: Room or Area: Date Completed: Signature: Instructions 1. Read the IAQ Backgrounder and the Background Information for this checklist. 2. Keep the
More informationFoundation. Foundation
Moisture Aside from structural concerns, the most important consideration for foundation design is moisture. No client wants a wet basement. No client wants a damp basement. No client wants mold in their
More informationCLOSED CRAWLSPACES. Have you ever been in your crawlspace? If not, have you ever even
CLOSED CRAWLSPACES What s In the Crawlspace? Wet Sagging Fiberglass Improper Drainage Have you ever been in your crawlspace? If not, have you ever even opened the door to look inside and see what it looked
More informationDealing with damp and mould growth
Dealing with damp and mould growth Dampness affects many homes in Britain. There are three main causes of dampness. This guide aims to help you to work out what may be the cause of the damp and how you
More informationAdvice to consumer Reference 50.1 May 2013. Condensation. Some causes, some advice.
Advice to consumer Reference 50.1 May 2013 Condensation Some causes, some advice. 03 Contents The issue 04 What is condensation 06 The factors governing condensation 09 How double or triple glazing helps
More informationCHAPTER 3. BUILDING THERMAL LOAD ESTIMATION
CHAPTER 3. BUILDING THERMAL LOAD ESTIMATION 3.1 Purpose of Thermal Load Estimation 3.2 Heating Load versus Cooling Load 3.3 Critical Conditions for Design 3.4 Manual versus Computer Calculations 3.5 Heating
More informationSolar Homes Catch the Sun. Are you planning a new house? Discover how you can apply solar architecture principles to:
PASSIVE Solar Design Solar Homes Catch the Sun Are you planning a new house? Discover how you can apply solar architecture principles to: keep your heating bills to a minimum enjoy the comfort of a warm
More informationClosed Crawl Spaces. Applied Building Science Team Cyrus Dastur. Presented to the NAWSRC, July 2006
Closed Crawl Spaces Applied Building Science Team Cyrus Dastur Presented to the NAWSRC, July 2006 Advanced Energy ABS Team High performance home programs Training and process consulting Failure diagnostics
More informationFirst Nation Mold Remediation Case Study Tsartlip First Nation
First Nation Mold Remediation Case Study Tsartlip First Nation Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) has a number of mold remediation and repair case studies that draw on the experiences of First
More informationWater Damage & Repair
Water Damage & Repair Chinatown Preservation Talks 2015 James Engler, P.A Glenn Mason, AIA Mason Architects Program Outline Terminology & Waterproofing Basics Discussion of why this is important Below
More informationCONDENSATION IN REFRIDGERATED BUILDINGS
CONDENSATION IN REFRIDGERATED BUILDINGS By: Steve Salisbury Nov. 10, 2010 (revised Nov. 14, 2013) Introduction The following discussion reviews the basic causes of condensation in refrigerated buildings
More informationDESERT RESEARCH INSTITUTE MOLD ASSESSMENT AND REMEDIATEION PROCEDURE
1.0 Introduction DESERT RESEARCH INSTITUTE This Desert Research Institute (DRI) Mold Assessment and Remediation Procedure was established to assure that consistent and uniform information is provided to
More informationHelp Yourself to a Healthy Home Mold and Moisture
Help Yourself to a Healthy Home Mold and Moisture SHOULD YOU BE CONCERNED? Mold produces spores, tiny specks you can t see and that float through the air. When you breathe in mold spores, they get into
More informationContract for Weatherization Management Address City & State
I. Parties Contract for Weatherization Management Address City & State This contract is made and entered into on and specifies the terms of the agreement between Client Name, homeowner, and Sherlock Homes
More informationMould Mould A Basic Guide
Mould A Basic Guide Summary Mould is a fact of life. Moulds will grow practically everywhere people live and work. Mould is recognized as an occupational hazard for indoor workers as well as outdoor workers
More informationHOW AN ENERGY EFFICIENT HOME CAN HELP THE ENVIRONMENT
HOW AN ENERGY EFFICIENT HOME CAN HELP THE ENVIRONMENT During the last century, concern about the environment increased, as issues such as global warming and the Greenhouse Effect convinced us that the
More informationPROPERTY INSPECTION OR ASSESSMENT OF DAMAGES
PROPERTY INSPECTION OR ASSESSMENT OF DAMAGES ADDRESS: 123 MAIN ST MIAMI, FL CLIENT: BUYER ID No: 2014193 DATE: 5/13/2014 INSPECTION OR ASSESSMENT BY: GAIA CONSTRUCTION INC. CGC 1516136 FLORIDA HI-2792
More informationLesson 36 Selection Of Air Conditioning Systems
Lesson 36 Selection Of Air Conditioning Systems Version 1 ME, IIT Kharagpur 1 The specific objectives of this chapter are to: 1. Introduction to thermal distribution systems and their functions (Section
More informationenergy-saving checklist a guide for rental property owners
energy-saving checklist a guide for rental property owners taking responsibility As an individual, your efficient use of energy brings benefits such as lower bills, improved comfort levels in your home
More information101 Low-Cost /No-Cost. Home Energy-Saving Measures
101 Low-Cost /No-Cost Home Energy-Saving Measures Your Touchstone Energy Cooperative has compiled this list of low-cost / no-cost energy-saving measures to help you better manage your home s energy costs.
More informationThermal Imaging for Home Inspectors
Thermal Imaging for Home Inspectors Structural member placement The gabled end of a cathedral ceiling. Note the studs and the ceiling joists with blocking. What is that glow in the upper right hand corner?
More informationmoisture and air Householder s Guide Problems and Remedies
moisture and air Householder s Guide Problems and Remedies CMHC Home to Canadians Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) has been Canada s national housing agency for more than 60 years. Together
More informationPoints of Construction
Points of Construction BCB Homes builds the best homes in America. Period. The physics of building in the South Florida hot, humid climate are hard enough on their own, but BCB executes the details better
More informationWHOLE-HOUSE VENTILATION SYSTEMS
Technology Fact Sheet WHOLE-HOUSE VENTILATION SYSTEMS Improved control of air quality Buildings for the 21st Century Buildings that are more energy efficient, comfortable, and affordable that s the goal
More informationEnergy & Sustainability Merit Badge Prerequisites Worksheet
HOUSTON MUSEUM OF NATURAL SCIENCE scouts@hmns Energy & Sustainability Merit Badge Prerequisites Worksheet Scout s Name: Unit: Energy Prerequisites Requirement 4 Conduct an energy audit of your home. Attic
More informationHome Energy Evaluation Report
Home Energy Evaluation Report Nate Begeman, 1550 Saint Francis Dr San Jose, CA 95125 Air Infiltration Current Air Leakage 2,852 Current Air Changes Per Hour 0.91 Recommended Air Changes Per Hour 0.35 Percent
More informationCuyahoga County Urban Mold & Moisture Project
Cuyahoga County Urban Mold & Moisture Project Housing Remediation Environmental Health Watch and HouseMender, Inc. 1 What I will cover: Mold & moisture problems in Cleveland housing Remediation strategy
More informationMoisture in Buildings A Practical Guide to Avoiding Moisture & Mold
Moisture in Buildings A Practical Guide to Avoiding Moisture & Mold The National Academy of Sciences recently released a report, Damp Indoor Spaces and Health, examining the link between dampness, health
More informationSample Customer 123 Conservation Way TAMPA FL 33626 Tracking Number: 000675309
Thank you for completing the Online Home Energy Audit. Based on the answers that you provided in the questionnaire, the following is a complete analysis of your household's energy consumption. We have
More informationsolutions & tips six Wise Energy Guide Building envelope solutions and simple tips AIR SEALING
Wise Energy Guide solutions & tips 32 AIR SEALING Is your house leaking money? six Building envelope solutions and simple tips If your home is like most, the greatest amount of heat loss is from air leakage;
More informationPurpose: To determine the dew and point and relative humidity in the classroom, and find the current relative humidity outside.
Lab Exercise: Dew Point and Relative Humidity Purpose: To determine the dew and point and relative humidity in the classroom, and find the current relative humidity outside. Relative humidity is a measure
More informationU.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Office of Public and Indian Housing. A Good Place to Live!
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Office of Public and Indian Housing A Good Place to Live! Introduction Having a good place to live is important. Through your Public Housing Agency (or
More information5 Things. You Must Know. Before Buying. Radiant Barrier
Consumer Report: 5 Things You Must Know Before Buying Radiant Barrier 1 INDEX I: How Do Radiant Barriers Really Work pg 3 A: Understanding Heat Transfer pg 3 B: How Radiant Barriers Stop the Heat pg 4
More informationMold In Your Home and at Work
Mold In Your Home and at Work Forsyth County Office of Environmental Assistance and Protection What is mold? Mold is a term used to describe a type of fungus that can be found all year round both indoors
More informationCertainTeed. Protecting Your Home From Ice Dams Homeowner s Guide
CertainTeed Protecting Your Home From Ice Dams Homeowner s Guide What Are Ice Dams? Ice dams are formed when heat from the inside of a home escapes into the attic and warms the roof decking during the
More informationWhat I will cover: Cuyahoga County Urban Mold & Moisture Project. Mold & moisture problems. Mold and moisture problems. Mold & moisture problems
Cuyahoga County Urban Mold & Moisture Project What I will cover: Housing Remediation Jim LaRue Environmental Health Watch www.ehw.org 1 Mold & moisture problems in Cleveland housing Remediation strategy
More informationHome Energy Evaluation Report for Fritz Kreiss and Catherine McQueen
Home Energy Evaluation Report for Fritz Kreiss and Catherine McQueen May 2008 Wisconsin Area PO BOX 115 Lake Geneva, WI 53147 CELL (414) 550-4765 Home Performance with ENERGY STAR Evaluation Report Customer
More informationDealing with damp, condensation and mould growth in your home. www.homesforharingey.org
Dealing with damp, condensation and mould growth in your home www.homesforharingey.org Condensation can cause dampness and mould growth in your home. This looks unpleasant and can increase the risk of
More informationPERFORMANCE GUIDELINES
1. Foundation/Basement 17 PERFORMANCE GUIDELINES 1. FOUNDATION/BASEMENT 1.1 Efflorescence on concrete or masonry surfaces Efflorescence is the formation of a white crystalline or powdery deposit on the
More informationBPI Air Conditioning & Heat Pump Professional Training Sample Slides ( ) Agenda
BPI Air Conditioning & Heat Pump Professional Training Sample Slides ( ) Photo of scott at AC with guages 1 Agenda Day I Refrigerants Introductions Verifying Charge Super Heat Paperwork & Sign-In Subcooling
More informationHome Performance with ENERGY STAR. Evaluation Report
Home Performance with ENERGY STAR Customer Information Evaluation Report Customer Name: Sample Report 2 Address of Building: 123 Johnson Street Mailing Address: Same City: Madison State: WI Zip: 53704
More informationStructure Survey Findings:
Structure Survey Findings: Visible portions of the following were observed: foundations; structure to walls, columns, floors, roofs, overhang posts, and columns; attached or firmly abutting decks, balconies,
More informationVenice Library Humidity Study. for Williams Building Diagnostics, LLC 305 15 th Street West Bradenton, FL 34205. Report April 13, 2015
for Williams Building Diagnostics, LLC 305 15 th Street West Bradenton, FL 34205 Report April 13, 2015 Moses & Associates, Inc. 2209 NW 40 th Terrace, Suite A Gainesville, FL 32605 FL License EB-0003097
More information6 Ceiling fans! Although they only use about as. 8 Redecorate. Hang lighter colored curtains
Shut all exterior doors and windows tightly when the air conditioning is on. Maximize 1 your savings by switching off kitchen and 9 bath exhaust fans. Keep an eye on your AC filters. Change or 2 10 clean
More informationThe District Energy Manager and Classroom Heating
Mt. Carmel Area School District Energy Conservation Policy Adopted 6/19/06 These guidelines supersede all previous instructions. It is crucial that these energy guidelines be observed in the operation
More informationROOF CONDENSATION: A COSTLY PROBLEM
ROOF CONDENSATION: A COSTLY PROBLEM CONTENTS 1. What is it? 2. How does it form? 3. What to look for 4. Repair options 5. Owner responsibilities and proactive measures 1. WHAT IS IT? Roof condensation
More informationMold Inspection Report (Initial Assessment)
Morlin Home Services, LLC 4435 Nanticoke Court Sw Lilburn, GA. 30047 Phone: (770) 564-1505 Fax: (770) 564-1575 Cell: (770) 344-7416 InspectorRick@Bellsouth.net www.morlinpropertyinspections.com Mold Inspection
More informationIUB Water Damage Restoration Guideline
IUB Water Damage Restoration Guideline Purpose The IUB Water Damage Restoration guideline was developed to ensure that all water intrusions are handled in a professional manner which includes the latest
More informationUnderstanding Evaporation:
Feature n n n Understanding Evaporation: Why Don t Leaks Always Appear on my Thermal Images? By Terry Carson, B.Sc., MBA, B.S.S.O., R.H.I., C. Tech. Infrared thermal imagers are often touted as an easy
More informationIntegrating Healthy Housing Considerations into Weatherization Inspections. Jim LaRue
Cleveland Cuyahoga County Healthy House Project Training Integrating Healthy Housing Considerations into Weatherization Inspections Jim LaRue Joint inspections for housing health hazards Weatherization
More information