Japan Super E Standard. Version 2.0

Transcription

1 Japan Super E Standard Version 2.0 February, 2009

2 Content Section A Purpose and Scope 1.0 Purpose 1.1 Promoting Partnerships for Innovative, High Quality Homes Technical, Administrative and Quality Assurance Requirements A Voluntary National Standard Other Applicable Documents Scope 2.1 Types of Dwellings Covered by This Standard Compliance with Local Building Codes and Standards 2 Section B Technical Requirements 3.0 Energy Efficiency Requirements 3.1 Compliance Methods Prescriptive Path Performance Path Design Evaluation Request for Variances Acceptance of Equivalencies Building Envelope Requirements 4.1 Thermal Performance Calculating R-values (RSI) Thermal Resistance Values for Walls, Roofs and Floors Minimizing Thermal Bridging Minimum R-values Adjusting R-values for Radiant Heating Slab on Grade Foundations Window, Door and Skylight Requirements U-Values for Windows, Doors and Skylights Solar Heat Gain Coefficients Thermal Resistance of Exterior Doors Insulating Spacer Calculating U-Values Adjustments for Large Window Areas Window Air Leakage Door Air Leakage Window Water Tightness Installation Air Leakage Control Requirements Continuous Sealed Air Barrier Air Tightness Testing Air Tightness Test Moisture Control Wall and Ceiling Guidelines Building Material Moisture Content Flashing and Trim 12 i

3 Section B Technical Requirements (cont d) Exterior Cladding and Sheathing Wall Weather Barrier Vented Wall Cavities Slab on Grade Foundations Crawlspaces Crawlspace Moisture and Soil Gas Control Mechanical Systems 5.1 Space Heating and Cooling Systems Sizing of Heating and Cooling Equipment Cooling Equipment Minimum Seasonal Efficiency Heating and Cooling Distribution Systems Venting Requirements Heat Pump Requirements Cooling Efficiency Electric Heating Domestic Hot Water Systems Venting Requirements Minimum Energy Efficiency Requirements Ventilation Systems Continuous Mechanical Ventilation Crawlspace Ventilation Ventilation Rates Heat Recovery Ventilation Controls Sealing Ductwork Preventing Condensation Verification Fireplaces, Stoves and Masonry Heaters Gas Fireplaces Wood Fireplaces and Stoves Masonry Heaters Carbon Monoxide Detectors Ducts Carrying Outside Air Unvented Combustion Appliances Commissioning of Mechanical Systems Operating and Maintenance Instructions Lighting 6.1 Efficient Lighting Healthy Housing and Environmental Features 7.1 Healthy Housing Options Environmental Options Client Awareness Reputable Suppliers 19 ii

4 Section C Administration and Quality Assurance 8.0 Canadian Content Requirements 8.1 Point System Minimum Canadian Content Sourced Through The Canadian Member Variances Registering a Super E Home 9.1 Forms and Other Information to be Submitted Notice of Intent Design Summary Request for Variance Plans and Specifications HOT2000 Input Files Builder Testimonial Air Tightness Test Results Canadian Content Worksheet Ventilation Commissioning Official Super E Recognition Verification of Documentation Issuance of Super E Certificate Audit and Quality Assurance 10.1 Inspections Site Visits Audit of Participants 22 Tables and Figures Table 1: Super E Regional Classifications 4 Table 2A: Minimum Thermal Resistance Values by Building Component 6 Table 2B: Thermal Resistance Values for Slab on Grade 6 Table 2C: Thermal Resistance Values for Sealed Crawlspaces 7 Table 3: Specifications for Window Units 8 Table 4: Wall and Ceiling Moisture Control Guidelines 11 Table 5: Minimum Efficiencies 13 Table 6: Ventilation Rates 16 Figure 1: Thermal Performance Regional Classifications 5 Figure 2: Moisture Control Regional Classifications 5 Glossary 23 iii

5 Appendices Appendix A Healthy Housing and Environmental Features Pick-List A1 Appendix B Sample Wall Assemblies B1 Appendix C Points for Canadian Content C1 Appendix D Elbows Diameter and Number D1 Appendix E Super E Energy Target Reference House E1 Appendix F QA Flow Chart F1 Appendix G Notice of Intent G1 Appendix H Design Summary H1 Appendix I Request for Variance I1 Appendix J Builder Testimonial J1 Appendix K Ventilation Balancing K1 iv

6 Section A Purpose and Scope 1. PURPOSE 1.1 Promoting Partnerships for Innovative, High Quality Homes The intent of the Japan Super E Program is to: Promote partnerships between export-ready Canadian companies and the Japanese building industry; and Support the design, construction and marketing of innovative, high quality housing for the Japanese market. Commentary The Super E House Program is built on the collective experience of Canada s R-2000 and Advanced House initiatives. The Super E House Program represents an integration of best practices from Canada, Japan and the UK using tested products and construction methods. Companies must become a member of the Japan Super E House Program before they are eligible to build a registered Super E House. Japanese and Canadian Super E members benefit from strong business support from the Government of Canada and enhanced access to Canada s extensive housing network. 1.2 Technical, Administrative and Quality Assurance Requirements The Japan Super E Standard describes the technical, administrative and quality assurance requirements that a new dwelling must follow to be registered as a Super E house. This includes criteria for the design, construction, inspection, testing and operation of the dwelling to reduce carbon emissions and improve energy efficiency, comfort, building durability, indoor air quality and environmental responsibility. Commentary The Japan Super E Standard ensures the reduction of energy use and resulting carbon emissions in new dwellings without compromising the health of the occupants, the robustness of construction, or sustainability of the natural environment. There are both performance goals and prescriptive measures that a dwelling must meet to become a registered Super E house. These requirements give flexibility in design and in the selection of construction techniques, building products, mechanical equipment, lighting and appliances. For an explanation of acronyms not defined within the body of this Standard and other terms used in this document, see the Glossary on page A Voluntary National Standard The Japan Super E Standard is a voluntary national standard that applies to all of Japan. In order to accommodate the different climatic conditions in Japan, there are 6 different thermal zones and 5 different moisture zones, each with their own technical requirements. Section describes these zones and the requirements in each. 1.4 Other Applicable Documents The following documents should be consulted for additional information about the Super E Program and its procedures: Canada s Super E Program: Canadian Members Manual Canada s Super E Program: Japanese Members Manual Commentary The Japan Super E Standard is periodically updated to ensure that it reflects the most current Canadian and Japanese research and technology for housing. To ensure you are working with the most current edition of this document, or to suggest improvements, contact the Super E Office at office@super-e.com. Page 1 of 24

7 2. SCOPE 2.1 Types of Dwellings Covered by This Standard The Japanese Super E Standard applies to new, low-rise dwellings (i.e. detached houses, semi-detached houses, bungalows, row houses, and apartments) that do not share heating, cooling, ventilation or domestic hot water systems with other dwellings. Commentary Mid- and high-rise multi-unit residential buildings or apartments that use central rather than individual heating, cooling, ventilation and domestic hot water systems are beyond the scope of this Standard. 2.2 Compliance with Local Building Codes and Standards These Technical Requirements are in addition to the requirements of local or National Building Codes and Standards. All houses constructed to these Technical Requirements must comply with the requirements of the current edition of the local building code and any mandatory energy code(s). Better Building Recommendations Also included in the Technical Requirements are Better Building Recommendations. These are not requirements but are practices strongly recommended by the Super E House Program. They represent future direction for the Program and will likely become actual requirements in the future. Some also represent practices that cannot easily be enforced by the Program at this time. It is expected, however, that program participants will endeavour to follow such recommendations to the best of their ability. Page 2 of 24

8 Section B Technical Requirements 3. ENERGY EFFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS 3.1 Compliance Methods Meeting the energy efficiency requirements of the Japan Super E Standard can be done in two ways: Prescriptive Path If this method is used, all prescriptive requirements of this document must be met and no computer modeling is required; or Performance Path If this method is used, an equivalent reference house that meets the minimum Super E prescriptive requirements is modeled using HOT2000 energy analysis software. The proposed Super E design is then modeled. The proposed design is deemed acceptable if its projected annual energy usage is equal to or less than the Super E reference house. Commentary HOT2000 energy analysis software can be downloaded at no charge from the CANMET Energy Technology Centre at The procedure for establishing an equivalent reference house (which is a version of the house meeting all the prescriptive requirements) is described in Appendix E. 3.2 Design Evaluation Proof of compliance with the Japan Super E Standard is required at the design stage for each house. This shall be accomplished through a review of the proposed plans and specifications by a Super E Design Professional. Commentary The Super E Design Professional must approve of the proposed design, as outlined in the Design Summary, including: Thermal Control Strategy Moisture Control Strategy Ventilation Design Mechanical Equipment IAQ and Environmental Features 3.3 Request for Variances A request can be made at the design stage or during construction to vary from the Japan Super E Standard. Variances will be granted where it can be demonstrated on the basis of past performance, tests or evaluations that the intent of the Japan Super E Program will still be met and the performance of the dwelling is not compromised. Commentary The Japan Super E Standard is intended to allow flexibility in the design. It is recognized that there are alternative construction methods that may offer equal or better performance but were not anticipated when this standard was drafted. Similarly, changes may have to be made during construction that differs from the requirements of the Program or from the initial design. As long as it can be proven that the integrity of the Program as well as the dwelling are not compromised, a variance may be issued. To request a variance, the Super E Design Professional must complete the Request for Variance Form (see Appendix I) and submit the form to the Super E Office for approval. 3.4 Acceptance of Equivalencies Natural Resources Canada, in consultation with the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation, has the sole authority to accept equivalent materials, products, techniques or qualifications. Page 3 of 24

9 4. BUILDING ENVELOPE REQUIREMENTS 4.1 Thermal Performance Calculating R-Values (RSI) The effective thermal resistance of exposed roof, wall and floor elements shall consider the thermal bridging effects of structural or other framing and be calculated in accordance with: ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals; or HOT2000 energy analysis software Appendix B shows wall assembly examples and their actual thermal resistances and R-values Thermal Resistance Values for Walls, Roofs and Floors Exposed roof, wall, and floor elements shall limit heat loss by providing an effective thermal resistance that is equal to or better than those shown in Tables 2A and 2B in accordance with the regional classifications indicated in Table 1 and Figure 1. Commentary Note that these assemblies must also include moisture control see Section 4.4 Moisture Control. Zone Table 1: Super E Regional Classifications Moisture Thermal Prefecture WP [kj/kg] July to August Zone Temp. [ 0 C] Jan to Feb Moisture Thermal Prefecture WP [kj/kg] July to August Temp. [ 0 C] Jan to Feb A I Hokkaido C IV Kyoto A II Aomori C IV Osaka A II Iwate C IV Hyogo A II Akita C IV Nara A III Miyagi C IV Tottori A III Yamagata C IV Okayama A III Fukushima C IV Ehime A III Nagano D IV Mie A IV Yamanashi D IV Wakayama B III Niigata D IV Shimane B III Tochigi D IV Hiroshima B IV Ibaragi D IV Yamaguchi B IV Toyama D IV Tokushima B IV Ishikawa D IV Kagawa B IV Fukui D IV Kochi B III Niigata D IV Shimane C IV Gunma D IV Fukuoka C IV Gifu D IV Saga C IV Shiga D IV Nagasaki C IV Saitama D IV Kumamoto C IV Chiba D IV Oita C IV Tokyo D V Miyazaki C IV Kanagawa D V Kagoshima C IV Shizuoka E VI Okinawa C IV Aichi Page 4 of 24

10 Page 5 of 24

11 Table 2A: Minimum Thermal Resistance Values (including thermal bridging) By Building Component (See Appendix B for sample assemblies) Zone Units External Walls I II III IV V VI RSI (m 2 C/W) C (W/m 2 C) R (ft 2 F/BTUH) RSI (m 2 C/W) C (W/m 2 C) R (ft 2 F/BTUH) RSI (m 2 C/W) C (W/m 2 C) R (ft 2 F/BTUH) RSI (m 2 C/W) C (W/m 2 C) R (ft 2 F/BTUH) RSI (m 2 C/W) C (W/m 2 C) R (ft 2 F/BTUH) RSI (m 2 C/W) C (W/m 2 C) R (ft 2 F/BTUH) Flat Ceilings Sloped Ceilings Floors over Ventilated Crawlspaces* Exposed Floors Note: a) Actual thermal resistance values are defined as effective thermal resistance of the assembly as calculated from fundamental principles or as calculated using HOT2000, and include thermal bridging. b) External walls includes underground portion of basement walls. c) For comparisons to NGenECL, see Appendix B, in tables B2 and B3. d) Any part of a roof having a pitch of 70 0 or more shall be considered a wall *It is strongly recommended by the Super E House Program that ventilated crawlspaces not be used. If a crawlspace is to be used, Super E recommends a sealed crawlspace with appropriate insulation, moisture control, etc. see Crawlspace Better Building Practice on Commentary Super E requirements in Table 2A represent the higher of Japanese R2000 (1993) and NGenECL (July 30, 1999) values. Commentary Party walls or floors that separate two dwellings can be reasonably assumed to be heated to similar temperatures and do not need thermal insulation but may still require acoustic insulation for noise control. Table 2B: Thermal Resistance Values for Slab on Grade Zone Units Whole Slab I to V RSI (m 2 C/W) C (W/m 2 C) R (ft 2 F/BTUH) VI RSI (m 2 C/W) C (W/m 2 C) R (ft 2 F/BTUH) Page 6 of 24

12 Table 2C: Thermal Resistance Values for Sealed Crawlspaces Zone Units Wall* Whole Floor I RSI (m 2 C/W) C (W/m 2 C) R (ft 2 F/BTUH) II III IV V VI RSI (m 2 C/W) C (W/m 2 C) R (ft 2 F/BTUH) RSI (m 2 C/W) C (W/m 2 C) R (ft 2 F/BTUH) RSI (m 2 C/W) C (W/m 2 C) R (ft 2 F/BTUH) RSI (m 2 C/W) C (W/m 2 C) R (ft 2 F/BTUH) RSI (m 2 C/W) C (W/m 2 C) R (ft 2 F/BTUH) *Continuous rigid (interior) or rigid/semi-rigid (exterior) insulation Better Building Recommendations Sealed crawlspace walls, above or below grade, shall include a continuous thermal barrier between the interior and exterior. The effective thermal resistance of the crawlspace walls shall not be less than that shown in Table 2C in accordance with the regional classifications indicated in Table 1. These values are actual, not nominal, thermal resistance values. Thermal insulation installed onto crawlspace walls shall extend from the top of the wall to a) the top of the footing, or b) the greater of 500 mm below grade or the frost penetration depth. Where thermal insulation is applied to the exterior of the crawlspace walls, a rigid, opaque, and weather resistant covering, plaster, or fibre-reinforced cement board should be used to protect any exposed insulation. Where thermal insulation is applied to the interior of the crawlspace walls, the insulation should have a flame spread and smoke production rating that meets the requirements for interior finishes, or be protected by a thermal barrier such as plaster, or fibrereinforced cement board. Ventilation for crawlspaces should be provided as described in Section Ventilation supply will be through the HRV and will provide conditioned air to the space. Exhaust will also be through the HRV. The following guidelines are recommended: o o A minimum of 3 ac/h up to three months after the concrete is poured; A minimum of 0.5 ac/h after the above period; it is highly recommended that the temperature and the moisture in the crawlspace be measured to ensure that there is no indication of moisture problems before the owner moves into the house Minimizing Thermal Bridging The construction plans for each Super E house shall include detailed cross-section of junctions between walls, roofs and floors as well as around window and door openings that demonstrate that thermal bridging will be minimized Minimum R-values Effective thermal resistance of exposed floor, wall, basement and roof elements may be up to 30% less stringent than shown in Table 2A, 2B and 2C provided that the projected annual energy consumption of the house does not exceed the energy use of an equivalent reference house described in Clause Page 7 of 24

13 Better Building Recommendation When using the Performance Path described in Clause 3.1, a satisfactory solution may be achieved where the R-values of some building elements are worse (up to 30%) than those shown in Tables 2A, 2B and 2C provided that the poorer performance is compensated by better performance of the other elements. Reductions in performance for individual elements are limited to avoid condensation risks on inner surfaces of the building fabric as well as not compromising the overall aim of the conservation of fuel and power Adjusting R-values for Radiant Heating Where radiant heating cables, pipes or membranes are embedded in the surface of an opaque element of the building envelope, that element shall have an effective R-value that is at least 20% better than that required by Tables 2A, 2B and 2C Slab on Grade Foundations Slab edge insulation shall be a minimum of RSI Window, Door and Skylight Requirements U-Values for Windows, Doors and Skylights Windows, doors and skylights shall limit heat loss by providing an overall average U-value that is equal to or better than those shown in Table 3, or meet the following requirements: Zones I & II: double-glazed, low-e, argon Zones III to VI: double-glazed, low-e Solar Heat Gain Coefficients (SHGC) Windows will meet SHGC as specified in Table 3. Table 3: Specifications for Window Units Super Regional Classification Solar Heat Gain Co-eff. Max. U Value (Fixed/Operable) (W/m 2 C) Zone I and II SG /2.0 Zone III 0.41 SG /2.09 Zone IV SG /2.09 Zone V and VI SG / Thermal Resistance of Exterior Doors Exterior doors will have a thermal resistance of 0.48 RSI, or R2.7, for all thermal zones Insulating Spacer Windows in Zones I and II must have insulating spacers Calculating U-Values The U-Values of windows, doors and skylights shall be calculated in accordance with: ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals, or HOT2000 Energy Analysis Software, or Adjustments for Large Window Areas The target U-values shown in Table 3 are area-weighted averages. If the combined area of windows, doors and skylights exceed 25% of the floor area of the house, the target U-value shall be adjusted so that total annual heat loss does not increase. Page 8 of 24

14 4.2.7 Window Air Leakage Canadian-supplied windows shall limit the rate of air leakage to no more than 0.55m 3 /hour for each square metre of window area at a static pressure of 75 Pascals when tested in conformance to the A3 leakage classification CSA A Energy Performance of Windows and Other Fenestration Systems. Better Building Recommendation At least an A4 rating is recommended for air leakage, especially for casement windows, which can meet this level more easily than horizontal, or vertical sliding windows Door Air Leakage Exterior door assemblies shall be weather-stripped on all edges to minimize air leakage. Better Building Recommendation The rate of air leakage should be no more than 0.82 litres/second for each metre of door crack when tested in conformance with ASTM E 283 Standard Test Method for Rating of Air Leakage Through Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls and Doors at a static pressure difference of 75 Pascals Window Water Tightness - Canadian-supplied windows shall have a water tightness rating of B4 or better when tested in conformance CSA A (R2005) Windows. Better Building Recommendation Since hinged windows such as a casement or awning perform better than sliding windows, even a B7 rating can be recommended Installation Windows and doors shall be installed in accordance with CAN/CSA A Window and Door Installation. Better Building Recommendation Windows should be installed following practices equivalent to those recommended by CAN/CSA A Air Leakage Control Requirements Continuous Sealed Air Barrier Opaque building fabric elements shall be constructed with a continuous, sealed air barrier that separates conditioned space from unconditioned space. Better Building Recommendation The air barrier may be located anywhere within the building envelope provided the vapour permeability rating of the air barrier will not cause condensation within the wall cavities Air Tightness Testing Airtightness testing of the building envelope shall be performed in accordance with The Law Concerning the Rationalization of Energy use in Japan (revised in February 1992) and shall not exceed an A r of 0.89 cm 2 /m 2 at 10 Pa or 1.5 air changes/hour at a pressure differential of 50 Pa in accordance with the Canadian system, CAN/CGSB M86, Determination of the Airtightness of Building Envelopes by the Fan Depressurization Method. (A r is the ratio of normalized leakage area to conditioned floor area). Page 9 of 24

15 Commentary Minimizing air leakage is critical to building performance. It not only reduces drafts and saves energy, but also ensures durability by allowing rain screen walls to function effectively and prevents moist indoor air from leaking outward and condensing within the building envelope Air Tightness Test A test of airtightness control measures shall be conducted on every Super E house after completion of the dwelling s building shell including the interior finish. The test shall be conducted in accordance with Clause Commentary A copy of the tester s report must be affixed to the Super E Builder Testimonial before it is submitted to the Super E Office. Better Building Recommendation All crawlspaces shall be built as unvented extensions of the above-grade building. Continuity between the air barrier system in the above-grade wall system and an air barrier system in the crawlspace shall be provided. 4.4 Moisture Control Commentary These requirements address design criteria to protect the building envelope from the accumulation of either interior generated or exterior generated moisture. The type of vapour barrier to prevent condensation due to diffusion of moisture and to encourage drying will be dependent on whether the building is located in a predominantly cooling, mixed or heating climate. Designing wall systems to be resistant to moisture damage can be complex when one has to consider the properties of the air and vapour barrier and their location. Japan s climate places added pressures on building envelope systems to resist moisture and rain accumulation from the exterior. Rain screen, compartmentalization and vented cavity principles should be considered to protect building envelopes from driving rain. Interstitial condensation during cooling conditions in central and southern (western) Japan can be exacerbated by the installation and operation of cooling equipment as well as the type of vapour barrier. Canadian and Japanese research all indicates that sealed crawlspaces are the preferred practice for crawlspace construction in all climates for proper moisture control Wall and Ceiling Guidelines Walls and ceilings shall use a continuous moisture barrier as described in Table 4. Better Building Recommendation In general, polyethylene vapour barrier cannot be used without XPS or EPS. In the development of this table, the effects of the vapour resistance of the insulation were considered along with the resistance of the vapour retarder combined, of course, with the thermal properties of the insulation. The calculated dew point cannot fall within the wall assembly. The table was developed using extensive modeling to determine the acceptable vapour transmission in the walls for the different climate zones. Note that in moisture zones C and D, EPS or XPS must be used in the wall, following the specifications in this table. Otherwise, an interior breathable membrane may be used Building Material Moisture Content All building materials shall be dry and protected on the building site at all times from moisture and rain. The moisture content of wood building materials shall not exceed 19% at the time they are incorporated into the building envelope. Better Building Recommendation The use of a properly calibrated, pin-type wood moisture meter is strongly encouraged to verify that wood framing materials do not exceed 19% moisture content. Page 10 of 24

16 Table 4: Wall and Ceiling Moisture Control Guidelines In the following table, when there is reference to XPS or EPS insulation, where this insulation is used in the construction of the walls for thermal reasons, then the amount must be at least the amount given in the table, and must be combined with the vapour retarder listed. If no XPS or EPS insulation is to be used in the wall, then the other option (generally option 2) should be used. Regional Classifications (Zones) Wall Moisture Control Ceiling Moisture Control Thermal Moisture Option 1 Option 2 Requirement Better Building Practice I A Outermost insulation Vapour barrier Polyethylene or II A must be at least 25 primer or vapour barrier mm of XPS or EPS* polyethylene for primer III A locations with AND water potential 125** IV V B B C D D Interior vapour barrier of polyethylene or vapour barrier primer Minimum 89 mm XPS or EPS* AND Interior vapour barrier primer or polyethylene VI E Minimum 89 mm XPS or EPS AND No interior vapour barrier Vapour-barrier primer Outermost insulation must be at least 25 mm of XPS or EPS* and interior vapour barrier primer OR Breathable membrane*** No XPS or EPS, no interior vapour barrier Vapour barrier primer OR Breathable membrane*** No vapour barrier Minimum 25 mm XPS or EPS* This table assumes a rain-screen/ventilated-cavity wall and an overall airtightness for the house of Pa. Polyethylene is assumed to be a Type 1 vapour barrier with a vapour permeance less than or equal to 15 metric perms. Vapour barrier primer is assumed to be a finish applied to the drywall having a vapour permeance greater than 40 metric perms and less than 60 metric perms. Where only vapour barrier primer is specified, the use of a vapour barrier behind the drywall is not acceptable nor is one of vapour permeance less than 40 metric perms. *XPS (extruded polystyrene) or EPS (expanded polystyrene) can be replaced with any material with both a thermal resistance greater than that of EPS and vapour permeability less than that of EPS. **Asahikawa can only use Option 1 because of high winter exterior humidity levels. ***Breathable membrane In zones C and D, this product has been shown to be acceptable in a 2x6 wall with high permeability batt insulation. Better Building Recommendation In the southern, more hot and humid regions, particularly Zones C, D, and especially E, Super E walls are designed for drying to the interior of the house. As such, it is important that no low-permeability finish (such as low-permeability vinyl wall paper, which can be bad for indoor air quality anyway) be placed on walls requiring vapour barrier primer or no vapour barrier. A breathable membrane is a good option for zones C and D. This extends to post occupancy, and homeowners should be advised not to cover such walls with low-permeance finishes. Page 11 of 24

17 4.4.3 Flashing and Trim Flashing and trim shall be detailed and installed at windows, doors, foundation connections and any other potential leakage points to prevent penetration from moisture or rain. Better Building Recommendation Refer to the CMHC (Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation) Best Practice Guide Flashings for advice on how to prevent problems Exterior Cladding and Sheathing All exterior cladding and sheathing components shall be designed and selected to prevent damage to building components from moisture or rain Wall Weather Barrier All wall systems shall have a weather barrier behind the exterior finish for shedding rain and to prevent wind washing of insulated wall cavities. Commentary This may be an appropriately installed sheathing membrane or a joint-sealed sheathing system Vented Wall Cavities All wall systems will be designed and constructed with a vented cavity that functions as a rainscreen. Better Building Recommendation For recommended practice in designing and constructing a rainscreen wall, see the Canadian Wood Council s Moisture and Wood-Frame Buildings available as a free download from Additional guidance on avoiding risks such as rain penetration and condensation that might result from energy efficiency measures is given in: CMHC (Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation) Best Practice Guides Wood Frame Envelopes, and: Wood Frame Envelopes in the Coastal Climate of British Columbia, and: The Canadian Wood Council and Forintek Canada website Slab on Grade Foundations A moisture tolerant and tear resistant vapour impermeable (M < 30 ng/pa s m 2 ) ground cover, a 10 mil polyethylene or an approved equivalent product, shall be installed under all slabs Crawlspaces A moisture tolerant and tear resistant vapour impermeable (M < 30 ng/pa s m 2 ) ground cover, a 10 mil polyethylene or an approved equivalent product, shall be installed under the floor of all crawlspaces. The ground cover shall be covered with protective ballast (with minimum mass of 50 kg/m 2 ) of durable material such as concrete or river gravel. Better Building Recommendation A material layer (including insulation) with a permeance of less than 100 ng/pa s m 2 shall be installed on the interior side of the crawlspace walls in Climate Zones I, II, and III. The vapour permeance of any layer, other than concrete or masonry walls, inside of the crawlspace insulation shall have a vapour permeance of more than 100 ng/pa s m 2 in Climate Zones IV, V, and VI. Foam insulation layers with a permeance of less than 2000 ng/pa s m 2 are exempt from these vapour control requirements. The ground cover must be well fastened and sealed to all penetrations including walls, interior piers, service penetrations, and support posts to avoid radon and soil-gas penetration into the building interior. Continuity between the vapour barrier system in the above grade wall system, vapour barrier system in the crawlspace, and ground cover shall be provided. Page 12 of 24

18 A perimeter drainage system shall be employed at the footing level to remove liquid water from the soil from crawlspaces with the floor level below the exterior grade level and where there is evidence that the ground water can rise to within 150 mm of the crawlspace. All capillary active walls (i.e., concrete and masonry walls) in contact with the soil shall be dampproofed Crawlspace Moisture and Soil Gas Control Control measures shall be used to isolate a crawlspace so as to minimize the transmission of moisture and soil gases into the house. Better Building Recommendation The crawlspace must be accessible from the interior of the house for inspection and cleaning purposes. The lowest structural element projecting downward from the floor must be at least 400 mm above the surface of the crawlspace. 5. MECHANICAL SYSTEMS 5.1 Space Heating and Cooling Systems Commentary Super E standards for mechanical systems are designed to increase energy efficiency, ensure comfort and improve indoor air quality through the effective distribution of heating, cooling and ventilation air Sizing of Heating and Cooling Equipment Space heating and space cooling equipment shall be sized in accordance with: CAN/CSA-F280 Determining the Required Capacity of Residential Space Heating and Cooling Appliances; or HOT2000 Energy Analysis Software; or NGenCL Methodology Better Building Recommendation Heating equipment should not be oversized by more than 10%. Cooling equipment should not be oversized by more than one sizing increment (e.g. ½ ton if increments are 1 ½ tons, 2 tons, 2 ½ tons, etc.) Cooling Equipment Houses in Zones IV, V and VI shall have space cooling systems Minimum Seasonal Efficiency Heating and cooling systems shall have a minimum seasonal efficiency as shown in Table 5. Table 5: Minimum Efficiencies COP A/C 3 Air-source heat pump 4 Ground-source heat pump 3.3 SSE 92 (85 for kerosenefired) Furnaces Boilers 85 Page 13 of 24

19 5.1.4 Heating and Cooling Distribution Systems All space heating and cooling distribution systems shall be designed and installed in accordance with recognized Japanese industry standards and good engineering practices. Better Building Recommendation This requirement is intended to ensure appropriate mechanical system performance. Sizing and layout drawings should be provided. Use the following standards for Canadian supplied systems where they are found to be more stringent than Japanese industry practice: For hydronic systems, use the CAN/CSA-B214-07, Installation Code for Hydronic Heating Systems; For forced-air systems, use the HRAI Residential Air System Design Manual ; or For combination systems, use HRAI s Unified Canadian Guideline for Integrated (Combo) Heating Systems Venting Requirements All combustion space heating equipment shall be independently vented and have either sealed direct-vent, induced-draft or forced draft-venting systems with electronic ignition. Induced-draft and forced draft vented equipment shall be capable of positive shutdown in the case of venting system blockage. Commentary This requirement is to ensure that all equipment used for space heating is not susceptible to combustion spillage since this can pose a serious health and safety risk. Naturally aspirated equipment (i.e. those with open flues), as well as equipment with standing pilot lights, are susceptible to spillage and do not meet this requirement. Also, spillageresistant equipment operates at higher efficiencies thereby saving energy and reducing operating costs. The prohibition against combined venting systems avoids the problem of one appliance spilling into the other if the house is depressurized Heat Pump Requirements Heat pumps for space heating, when installed, shall have instantaneous heating COPs when tested according to JIS standards B8616 and C9612 as indicated in Table 5 or better. This equipment will be rated by the manufacturer for use at 100 volt or 200 volts 60 Hertz and 100 or 200 volts 50 Hertz or shall be supplied with transformers and power converters to allow safe operation when using those power sources Cooling Electric central or room by room type cooling systems shall have instantaneous cooling COPs when tested according to JIS standards B8616 and C9612 as indicated in Table 5 or better. This equipment will be rated by the manufacturer for use at 100 volts or 200 volts 60 Hertz and 100 volts or 200 volts 50 Hertz or shall be supplied with transformers and power converters to allow safe operation when using those power sources Efficiency Where computer simulation is being performed and COP must be calculated from a given SEER, the conversion shall be: COP = x SEER Electric Heating Electrical resistance heating systems shall not have a COP of less than 1.0. Page 14 of 24

20 5.2 Domestic Hot Water Systems Venting Requirements All combustion domestic water heating equipment shall be independently vented and have either sealed direct-vent, induced-draft or forced draft-venting systems with electronic ignition. Induced-draft and forced draft vented equipment shall be capable of positive shutdown in the case of venting system blockage. Commentary See commentary for Clause Minimum Energy Efficiency Requirements Canadian-supplied water heaters shall have: An Energy Factor of 0.58 or greater if it is gas-fired; or An Energy Factor of 0.57 or greater if it is oil-fired; or Standby losses not exceeding 65 Watts for a 175 litre (40 imperial gallon) electric water heater or 80 Watts for a 270 litre (60 imperial gallon) electric water heater when measured in accordance with CSA-C Performance of Electric Storage Tank Water Heaters for Domestic Hot Water Service. 5.3 Ventilation Systems Continuous Mechanical Ventilation All Super E Houses shall incorporate a mechanical ventilation system capable of continuous operation. The system must be distributed and supply fresh outdoor air or exhaust stale air from every room in the house Crawlspace Ventilation Airflow between the crawlspace and the living area shall be provided with a minimum of two vents (150 cm 2 free area) in the floor at opposite ends of the crawlspace. Air must be exhausted from the crawlspace if you are installing an HRV or ERV Better Building Recommendation Design and install the mechanical ventilation system in accordance with CAN/CSA F326- M91 (R2005) Residential Mechanical Ventilation Systems. For houses that do not incorporate a forced-air heating or cooling system, use a heat recovery ventilator with fans that have an electrical power consumption not exceeding 2.5 Watts/litre/second of air flow capacity at 0 0 C at the lowest airflow tested. For houses with a forced-air heating or cooling system, air circulation and fresh air ventilator fans that have a combined electrical power consumption not exceeding 0.75 Watts/litre/second of combined airflow. (Note: Meeting this requirement necessitates the use of ECM motors.) Ventilation Rates The mechanical ventilation system required by Clause shall be capable of providing continuous mechanical ventilation at rates that equal or exceed those shown in Table 6, or, the mechanical ventilation system shall meet local Japanese regulations. Page 15 of 24

21 Table 6: Ventilation Rates Room Type Minimum Continuous Ventilation Rate Required litres/second M 3 /hour Kitchen 5 18 Dining 5 18 Living 5 18 Master Bedroom Bedroom 5 18 Toilet 5 18 Utility 5 18 Other Habitable 5 18 Unfinished Basement Crawlspace Heat Recovery A heat recovery ventilator (HRV) or energy recovery ventilator (ERV) shall be used to reduce the energy required to heat or cool ventilation air. The HRV or ERV shall have a minimum sensible recovery efficiency of at least 65% at 0 0 C when tested in accordance with CAN/CSA C (R2005) Standard Laboratory Methods of Test for Rating the Performance of Heat/Energy-Recovery Ventilators or JIS B8628. The Home Ventilating Institute must certify HRVs and ERVs manufactured in North America. Commentary HRVs and ERVs can be traded for non-heat or energy recovery units through the Performance Path (see Clause 3.1 for details). Better Building Recommendation It is recommended that ERVs be used in thermal zone VI, moisture zone E Ventilation Controls All ventilation systems shall be equipped with controls that allow variable speed operation and for the system to be switched on and off Ductwork Design Where installed, all HRVs and ERVs shall be located so that the ductwork carrying outdoor air between the HRV or ERV and outdoor supply and exhaust hoods shall minimize the length, diameter and the number of elbows in accordance with the tables in Appendix F. Better Building Recommendation It is recommended that all HRV and/or ERV ducting be smooth ducting where possible. Smooth ducting requires less fan energy than flexible ducting Sealing Ductwork All ductwork in the ventilation system shall be sealed at all joints, seams and penetrations with a durable metal foil tape or water-based liquid sealer Preventing Condensation All ductwork that connects an HRV or ERV to the outdoors or any ductwork that runs through unconditioned space shall have. Insulation that provides a U-value of 0.74 (RSI 1.2) or better; and Be covered on the exterior with a continuous vapour barrier sealed at all joints and penetrations Page 16 of 24

22 5.3.9 Verification The installer of the mechanical ventilation system shall verify that it has been installed and operates in accordance with the design of the Super E Design Professional and the requirements of Clauses to and that the installed system has been designed in accordance with HRAI approved practices. Commentary The installer must signify compliance with this requirement by completing the appropriate section of the builder testimonial and submitting an installation balancing report. 5.4 Fireplaces, Stoves and Masonry Heaters Gas Fireplaces Gas fireplaces must be either direct-vent (sealed) and top- or rear-vented or power-vented and shall be capable of positive shutdown in the case of venting system blockage. Gas fireplaces shall be installed without openable doors. Commentary The requirement for non-openable doors reduces the possibility of the fireplace becoming susceptible to combustion spillage Wood Fireplaces and Stoves All Canadian-supplied fireplaces, wood stoves and pellet stoves must be certified as meeting either CSA-B Performance Testing of Solid-Fuel Burning Heating Appliances, or the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) wood-burning appliance standards (1990), 40 CFR Part 60. Commentary There are no Canadian standards for measuring the combustion efficiency of wood fireplaces and stoves. The CSA International and EPA standards are emissions testing procedures that specify maximum levels of flue gas emissions. Not surprisingly, wood-burning equipment that produce low flue gas emissions also burn more efficiently. Site-built fireplaces, with the exception of masonry heaters (discussed in Clause below), are not permitted in Super E houses unless it can be demonstrated that they are not susceptible to combustion spillage Masonry Heaters Masonry heaters shall comply with the requirements specified in the Canadian R-2000 Procedures Manual. Commentary Masonry heaters are designed to burn a load of solid fuel mixed with an adequate amount of air rapidly at high temperatures, to store heat in the mass of the heater, and to then gradually release the stored heat. They should not be confused with conventional fireplaces. Builders should confirm with their warranty provider and the local authority having jurisdiction for building regulations whether they accept masonry heaters. 5.5 Carbon Monoxide Detectors A carbon monoxide detector shall be installed in houses containing either combustion appliances or attached garages. The detector shall conform to CAN/CGA (R2006) Residential Carbon Monoxide Alarming Devices or an equivalent Japanese standard. Commentary This requirement addresses concerns about combustion spillage, particularly possible spillage in later years as combustion equipment ages. Attached garages are a concern because hazardous levels of carbon monoxide can migrate into the house even if the garage door is open to the outdoors. Page 17 of 24

23 5.6 Ducts Carrying Outdoor Air Ducts that carry outdoor air through heated space shall be covered with insulation that has a U-value of 2.0 (RSI 0.5) or better and a sealed air-vapour barrier. Commentary This controls heat loss and condensation problems on any ductwork that carries outdoor air through a conditioned space. The insulation requirements of this requirement are consistent with CAN/CSA-F326-M91 Residential Mechanical Ventilation Systems. 5.7 Unvented Combustion Appliances No unvented combustion appliances shall be installed unless specific provision is made to exhaust the products of combustion to the outdoors. Better Building Recommendation This addresses the health, safety and indoor air quality concerns created by the operation of unvented combustion equipment. Unvented gas space heaters are not permitted. Interlocking the control for the exhaust fan over the gas cooker with the gas cooker control is suggested, provided it meets the manufacturer s installation requirements. 5.8 Commissioning of Mechanical Systems All mechanical space heating, space cooling, domestic hot water and ventilation equipment, including their controls, shall be set-up and calibrated to full working order in accordance with the manufacturer s recommendations. 5.9 Operating and Maintenance Instructions The builder shall provide information with the space heating, space cooling, domestic hot water and ventilation equipment so that the occupants of the house can effectively operate and maintain them. 6 LIGHTING 6.1 Efficient Lighting All fixed interior and outdoor lighting incorporated in Super E houses shall be either fluorescent or halogen types or equivalent. Better Building Recommendation Lighting systems should be installed with occupancy controls, timers and sensors to maximize energy efficiency. 7. HEALTHY HOUSING AND ENVIRONMENTAL FEATURES 7.1 Healthy Housing Options At least four of the healthy housing options identified in the Super E Healthy Housing and Environmental Features Renewable Energy Pick-List (see Appendix A) shall be used. Better Building Recommendation Enhanced indoor air quality is a major feature of a Super E House. It is strongly encouraged that efforts be made to maximize indoor air quality by using as many items from the Healthy Housing and Environmental Features Renewable Energy Pick-List as possible. 7.2 Environmental Options A total of at least three of the environmental features identified in the Healthy Housing and Environmental Features Renewable Energy Pick- Lists (see Appendix A) shall be used. Better Building Recommendation Environmental responsibility is a major feature of a Super E House. It is strongly encouraged that efforts be made to minimize the environmental impact by using as many of the material conservation, advanced energy efficiency and renewable energy items from the Healthy Housing and Environmental Features Pick-List as possible. Page 18 of 24

24 7.3 Client Awareness Prospective Super E clients shall be offered the opportunity to incorporate into their house all of the indoor air quality and environmental energy options listed in Appendix A. Better Building Recommendation To maximize indoor air quality for the clients and minimize the environmental impact of the dwelling, use all of the products and features listed in Appendix A. 7.4 Reputable Suppliers Super E members shall source the indoor air quality options and environmental features listed in Appendix A from reputable suppliers. Page 19 of 24

25 Section C Administration and Quality Assurance 8. CANADIAN CONTENT REQUIREMENTS 8.1 Point System Points will be awarded for products and services supplied from Canada as defined in Appendix C. 8.2 Minimum Canadian Content A minimum of 285 points must be achieved when calculated in accordance with the Canadian Content Worksheet. 8.3 Sourced Through The Canadian Member The following house components must be sourced through the Canadian member (and count towards the required 285 points): The majority (60% minimum) of roof, wall and floor framing, The majority (60% minimum) of roof, wall and floor insulation, The majority (60% minimum) of roof, wall and floor sheathing, and The majority (60% minimum) of windows Variances Variances may be granted for a percentage of units, on a sliding scale, based upon the total number of Super E Homes constructed in the previous year by the Canadian member, as per the following: Annual Super E sales by Canadian member >30 units, up to 10% of houses can be exempt from this mandatory sourcing. Annual Super E sales by Canadian member between 7 and 30 units, up to 30% of houses can be exempt from this mandatory sourcing. Annual Super E sales by Canadian member <7 units, all houses can be exempt from this mandatory sourcing. Commentary Members are encouraged to supply Canadian products and services in excess of the minimum 285 points. 9. REGISTERING A SUPER E HOME 9.1 Forms and Other Information to be Submitted Except where noted, the following forms must be completed and submitted to the Super E Office: Notice of Intent A Notice of Intent form (Appendix G) shall completed for each dwelling or group of dwellings and submitted by the Canadian Super E Member to the Super E Office as early as possible during the planning stage. Upon receipt of the Notice of Intent, the Super E Office will assign a unique number for each dwelling that shall be used in all subsequent forms and documentation submitted to the Super E Office Design Summary A Design Summary (Appendix H) form shall be completed for all dwellings by a Super E Design Professional and submitted to the Super E Office prior to the start of construction. Page 20 of 24