DRAFT Crafting a Working Life on the Move: The Experiences of U.S. Air Force Wives. Michelle Still Mehta
|
|
- Ellen Simmons
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 DRAFT Crafting a Working Life on the Move: The Experiences of U.S. Air Force Wives Michelle Still Mehta Abstract This paper discusses a proposed dissertation study of the working lives of U.S. Air Force wives in Germany. The research question for this study is: What are the experiences of U.S. Air Force wives who wish to craft a working life for themselves while moving with their husbands? Although a large body of research exists on the employment challenges facing military wives, researchers have paid little attention to the experiences of these women. In particular, there is a need to better understand the role that paid work plays in their lives, and how diminished access to meaningful work may impact sense of self. Most prior research on this subject has focused on the economic impacts to military wives from frequent relocation. Research has demonstrated that military wives earn less and face higher unemployment than their civilian counterparts, and many become discouraged workers, dropping out of the workforce altogether. Many scholars attribute this fact to the military wife s role as a trailing spouse, tied to her husband s highly mobile career. Some feminist research has added to the economic perspective by examining the implications of the military spouse as a gendered role. The vast majority of military spouses are female, and they fill a role that carries with it many traditional gender-based expectations. Generally this entails the expectation of free volunteer labour to support her husband s military career. In addition, the military acts as a greedy institution, expecting the military member to be 100% available to military demands, deferring family and home responsibilities to the spouse. Adding these two perspectives together, both economic and cultural factors create significant barriers to military wives who wish to craft a working life for themselves. Although this study is focused on a U.S. military population, this topic has broader implications to civilians who share the trailing spouse experience. Key Words: Military spouse, military wife, employment, working life, self ***** 1. Introduction In recent years, there has been a growing movement in the United States to address the unique needs of military families. Beginning with the
2 2Crafting a working life on the move Vietnam era, the Department of Defense (DoD) began sponsoring research into the lives of military families, adopting the point of view that combat readiness requires family readiness. 1 When President Obama was elected, First Lady Michelle Obama named support for military families as one of her top issues, and has led a variety of new initiatives to improve the lives of military families. Military spouse employment is one of the many issues being addressed in the effort to support military families. Although more educated than the average civilian population, military spouses are less likely to work and earn less than their civilian counterparts when they do work. 2 Barriers to employment include both economic and cultural factors. Economic barriers result primarily from the military s mobile lifestyle and the effect of military presence on local labour markets. Because military members move routinely, frequent relocation is a significant factor in crafting a viable working life for a military spouse. Cultural factors include a tradition of the military wife as a professional volunteer, and the greedy nature of the military as an employer. Although a variety of employment studies have been conducted to define the problems military spouses encounter, there has been little focus on what the experience is like for them, and how their sense of self may be impacted by diminished access to meaningful work. The purpose of this paper is to describe what prior research tells us about this subject, and to propose a new study to address the gaps that exist in this field of research. This new study will focus on the experiences of U.S. Air Force wives located in Kaiserslautern, Germany. 2. Profile of the U.S. Military Spouse Although the term military spouse has replaced the term military wife in the American military community, the fact remains that 93% of American military spouses are female. 3 The vast majority of military spouses have a desire to work, but far less do so. In a recent DoD survey of spouses, 91% of the respondents claimed an interest in employment, but only 57% were employed at the time. 4 Economic statistics consistently show a pattern of higher unemployment and underemployment, a greater proportion of discouraged workers, and lower earnings among the military spouse population as compared to their civilian peers. 5 Despite these employment facts, military spouses average more years of education than their civilian counterparts. 6 A large qualitative study by Castaneda and Harrell reveals that twothirds of military spouses believe that being a military spouse negatively impacts their work opportunities. 7 Frequent relocation is mentioned as the most significant challenge, while other factors include service member absences, child care difficulties, and perceived employer bias against hiring
3 3 Michelle Still Mehta military spouses. This research also focuses on the reasons military spouses want to work. Much like the general population, military spouses work for a variety of reasons beyond financial remuneration. Most claim an interest in working for personal fulfilment in addition to the need for income. Research on the general well-being of military spouses tells us that simply obtaining employment has no lasting positive impact on well-being. Only pursuing work that fits self-expectations will positively influence general well-being Economic Factors Based on the above profile, we know that the average military spouse is a woman who desires employment but faces significant challenges in obtaining employment comparable to her civilian peers. Economic research highlights two structural factors underlying the military spouse s employment situation. First, the experience of tied migration leads to lower rates of employment. Second, the militarisation of local labour markets depresses both employment and wages for all women in that labour market. In the tied migration model, the military spouse follows her husband each time he is relocated for a new military assignment. According to this model, tied migration leads to a trailing wife effect where the economic status of a married woman declines when moving with her husband. 9 Cooke and Speirs found a trailing wife effect of a 9% increase in unemployment for military spouses, due to migration. The concept of tied migration is especially salient for the military population, since the average U.S. military member is relocated every 2-3 years. 10 The presence of a military base also presents challenges to women in the local labour market, including military spouses located at that installation. 11 Several factors converge to worsen the employment picture for military spouses. First, a large proportion of men in the military creates a large supply of female spouses seeking employment near military bases, which results in a surplus of female civilian labour. Second, military bases tend to generate low-paying service sector jobs, such as food service, retail and childcare. Third, military bases tend to be dominant employers in the local labour market, resulting in a monopsony market of few employers and depressed wages. In Booth s study of this phenomenon, he estimates a labour market effect equal to a 5% reduction in women s earnings for every 10% increase in military presence. He estimates that the average military spouse incurs an additional 19% earnings penalty due to tied migration. 4. Cultural Factors While economic barriers to gainful employment are significant, these do not fully explain the reasons behind the unemployment and underemployment of military spouses. The culture within the U.S. military
4 4Crafting a working life on the move also exacerbates this situation by reinforcing a traditional wife role for the military spouse. Although the term spouse has replaced the term wife in military discourse, expectations for the traditional military wife role remain. Such expectations include unpaid work in the form of volunteering to support military activities and other military families. As Harrell argues, this is clearly a gendered role because male military spouses are generally excused from participation in such volunteer work. 12 If they do choose to participate, it is seen as amusing or charming. For female spouses, this remains a real expectation of time and energy that may further discourage the pursuit of paid work. Another aspect of military culture includes its nature as a greedy institution. 13 Because being a member of the military demands complete dedication, and the ability to work at any time or any place, this impacts the family system. The culture reinforces a family model where the military member must be ultimately flexible to meet any military demand and the spouse must be completely flexible to maintain all family and household needs. Such uncertainty makes the spouse s commitment to her own paid work challenging. Finally, the military spouse s role within the military culture is one of perpetual marginality. 14 While the military relies on the wife s free labour to meet many of its needs, the spouse is consistently reminded of her second class status within the military. When seeking services, she is known as the dependent who may only access healthcare, groceries, or other basic needs through her relationship to her husband. At the same time, frequent relocation prevents her from achieving security and connection in the civilian world. Several studies have focused on feelings of invisibility and voicelessness that are common among military spouses. 15 I believe this disenfranchisement is exacerbated by limited access to paid work, creating a reinforcing spiral of isolation and underemployment. 5. Recommendations for Further Research Although much research has been conducted on military spouse employment, most of this research has been focused on the seemingly practical problem of boosting employment and earnings statistics. Positivist research has attempted to isolate contributing factors so that employment challenges can be solved as an economic problem. Most studies are based on quantitative survey analysis that limits the researcher s ability to understand the experience of the research participants. Margaret Harrell eloquently discusses this dilemma from her own experience as both a cultural anthropologist and a researcher on military issues with the RAND Corporation. 16 She contends that because of the exclusive reliance on
5 5 Michelle Still Mehta positivist research, military leaders are ineffective in their ability to set policy. Although she believes that DoD policy makers have a genuine desire to improve the lives of their people, they are unable to do so because they lack a deep understanding of their lived experiences. There has been significantly less attention paid to the experiences of military spouses who live in a complex system of multiple influences on their working lives. This complexity is evident in the high number of discouraged workers in the military spouse population, those women who yearn to have a working life but find the challenges too great. We know that military spouses face high barriers to employment created by tied migration and militarised labour markets, and that underemployment or work that is not a good fit is often a problem even when employment is available. We also know that the military culture poses additional challenges by unofficially requiring the military spouse to participate in volunteer activities and be the primary home maker. In addition, we know from a variety of research that military spouses in general often feel isolated, living on the margins, feeling that they unable to speak out. However, we don t know very much about how military spouses feel about their experiences as it pertains to their working lives, and how these challenges impact their sense of self. Previous ethnographic studies of military wives paint a rich picture of the variety of challenges faced by military spouses, but this literature provides scant coverage on the topic of work. Conversely, militarysponsored research on spouse employment dives deeply into economic factors, but barely dips a toe into the waters of lived experience. Castaneda and Harrell s inquiry into the reasons spouses work allows a small glimpse into the potential impact to self. Explaining the impact of frequent moving, one research participant said, It takes a lot of your self-esteem; you re not confident with yourself anymore. It breaks you down. 17 A recent study on the career-identity of military wives also acknowledges that employment efforts do not do justice to a problem that is an issue of deep-seated identity. 18 The existing research contains clues to draw from, but new research is needed to specifically address the question: What are the experiences of military wives who wish to craft a working life while moving with their husbands? I am proposing a new study to explore the experiences of military spouses who express a desire for their own paid work, whether or not they have been successful in that pursuit. The study will focus on U.S. Air Force wives stationed at Ramstein Air Base, near Kaiserslautern, Germany. I plan to interview women about their working lives, and their perceptions and feelings regarding their experiences. My hope is to add new knowledge to the ongoing discussion about military spouse employment by highlighting the personal impacts created by diminished access to meaningful work.
6 6Crafting a working life on the move Although the intent behind my research question is to fill a small void in the research on military spouses, it also has the potential to be a broadening question in the field of working life. This inquiry could lead in multiple directions and could cover a variety of subjects that are relevant to the concept of the value of work. The following are questions I will probe for in my research: (1) How does diminished access to meaningful work impact self? (2) What is the value of paid work vs. other forms of work? (3) How does one form identity when work is unstable or absent? By posing such lines of inquiry I hope to build a bridge between two separate scholarly conversations the discussion of military spouse employment and the critical discourse on working life. I believe the latter has the potential to provide a useful framework for the former by illuminating the employment challenge not just as an economic or cultural problem, but as a systemic issue of restricted freedom to pursue meaningful work. It is inadequate to frame military spouse employment as purely an issue of economics, just as it is equally inadequate to consider it solely a personal development challenge. By situating this dilemma as a working life problem, there is the potential to address both the personal and systemic aspects of this experience. In doing so, perhaps there is hope of making change that provides real access to meaningful work, rather than simply measuring family readiness through employment statistics. Notes C Enloe, Maneuvers: The International Politics of Militarizing Women s Lives, University of California Press, Berkeley, CA, M C Harrell, N Lim, LW Castaneda, and D Golinelli, Working Around the Military: Challenges to Military Spouse Employment and Education, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, 2004; and N Lim, D Golinelli, and M Cho, Working Around the Military Revisited: Spouse Employment in the 2000 Census Data, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, U.S. Department of Defense, Demographics 2007: Profile of the Military Community, Office of the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Military Community and Family Policy, 2007.
7 7 Michelle Still Mehta 4 Defense Manpower Data Center, 2008 Survey of Active Duty Spouses: Tabulations and Responses, No , Arlington, VA, Lim, Golinelli, and Cho 6 ibid 7 LW Castaneda and MC Harrell, Military Spouse Employment: A Grounded Theory Approach to Experiences and Perceptions. Armed Forces & Society, vol. 34, 2008, pp L N Rosen, J R Ickovics, and L Z Moghadam, Employment and Role Satisfaction: Implications for the General Well-Being of Military Wives. Psychology of Women Quarterly, vol. 14, T J Cooke and K Speirs, Migration and Employment Among the Civilian Spouses of Military Personnel. Social Science Quarterly, vol. 86, 2005, pp L M Burrell, Moving Military Families: The Impact of Relocation on Family Well-Being, Employment, and Commitment to the Military, in Military Life: The Psychology of Serving in Peace and Combat. Volume 3: The Military Family, C A Castro, A B Adler and T W Britt (eds), Praeger Security International, Westport, CT, B Booth, W W Falk, D R Segal, and M W Segal, The Impact of Military Presence in Local Labor Markets and the Employment of Women. Gender and Society, vol. 14, 2000, pp ; and B Booth, Contextual Effects of Military Presence on Women s Earnings. Armed Forces & Society, vol. 30, 2003, pp M C Harrell, Gender and Class-Based Role Expectations for Army Spouses, in Anthropology and the United States Military: Coming of Age in the Twenty-First Century, P R Frese and M C Harrell (eds), Palgrave Macmillan, New York, 2003, pp M W Segal, The Military and the Family as Greedy Institutions. Armed Forces & Society, vol. 13, 1986, pp M Wherry, The Military Officer s Wife: Creating and Locating a Social Identity, Bowling Green State University, 2000, p. 29.
8 8Crafting a working life on the move 15 D B Brancaforte, Camouflaged Identities and Army Wives: Narratives of Self and Place on the Margins of the United States Military Family, 2000, Princeton University; and M C Harrell, Invisible Women: Junior Enlisted Army Wives, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, 2000; and M Wherry, The Military Officer s Wife: Creating and Locating a Social Identity, Bowling Green State University, 2000; and E M Richard, Constructing and Contesting the Public and Private Lives of Military Families, Arizona State University, MC Harrell, Subject, Audience, and Voice, in Anthropology and the United States Military: Coming of Age in the Twenty- First Century, P R Frese and M C Harrell (eds), Palgrave Macmillan, New York, 2003, pp Castaneda and Harrell, p K L Dana, Careers of Their Own: Role-Identity Negotiations Among Air Force Officers Wives, University of Oklahoma, Bibliography Booth, B., Falk, W. W., Segal, D. R., & Segal, M. W., The Impact of Military Presence in Local Labor Markets and the Employment of Women. Gender and Society, vol. 14, 2000, pp Booth, B., Contextual Effects of Military Presence on Women s Earnings. Armed Forces & Society, vol. 30, 2003, pp Brancaforte, D. B., Camouflaged Identities and Army Wives: Narratives of Self and Place on the Margins of the United States Military Family, 2000, Princeton University. Burrell, L. M., Moving Military Families: The Impact of Relocation on Family Well-Being, Employment, and Commitment to the Military, in Military Life: The Psychology of Serving in Peace and Combat. Volume 3: The Military Family, C A Castro, A B Adler and T W Britt (eds), Praeger Security International, Westport, CT, 2006.
9 9 Michelle Still Mehta Castaneda, L. W., & Harrell, M. C., Military Spouse Employment: A Grounded Theory Approach to Experiences and Perceptions. Armed Forces & Society, vol. 34, 2008, Cooke, T. J., & Speirs, K., Migration and Employment Among the Civilian Spouses of Military Personnel. Social Science Quarterly, vol. 86, 2005, pp Dana, K. L., Careers of Their Own: Role-Identity Negotiations Among Air Force Officers Wives, University of Oklahoma, Defense Manpower Data Center, 2008 Survey of Active Duty Spouses: Tabulations of Responses (No ), Arlington, Enloe, C., Maneuvers: The International Politics of Militarizing Women's Lives. University of California Press, Berkeley, Harrell, M. C., Invisible Women: Junior Enlisted Army Wives, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, Harrell, M. C., Gender and Class-Based Role Expectations for Army Spouses, in Anthropology and the United States Military: Coming of Age in the Twenty-First Century, P R Frese and M C Harrell (eds), Palgrave Macmillan, New York, 2003, pp Harrell, M. C., Subject, Audience, and Voice, in Anthropology and the United States Military: Coming of Age in the Twenty- First Century, P R Frese and M C Harrell (eds), Palgrave Macmillan, New York, 2003, pp Harrell, M. C., Lim, N., Castaneda, L. W., and Golinelli, D., Working Around the Military: Challenges to Military Spouse Employment and Education. RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Lim, N., Golinelli, D., & Cho, M., "Working Around the Military" Revisited: Spouse Employment in the 2000 Census Data. RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, 2007.
10 10Crafting a working life on the move Richard, E. M., Constructing and Contesting the Public and Private Lives of Military Families, Arizona State University, Rosen, L. N., Ickovics, J. R., & Moghadam, L. Z, Employment and Role Satisfaction: Implications for the General Well-Being of Military Wives. Psychology of Women Quarterly, vol. 14, Segal, M. W., The Military and the Family as Greedy Institutions. Armed Forces & Society, vol. 13, 1986, pp U. S. Department of Defense, Demographics 2007: Profile of the Military Community. Office of the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense, Military Community and Family Policy, Wherry, M., The Military Officer s Wife: Creating and Locating a Social Identity, Bowling Green State University, Michelle Still Mehta is a doctoral student at Fielding Graduate University. Her scholarly interests focus on issues of working life as it pertains to human and organization development, and her current research explores the working lives of military spouses.
Part 2: Focus on Research
Part 2: Focus on Research RESEARCH STUDIES Military and Veteran Families Well-Being: Focus on Spouse Employment Mady W. Segal, Ph.D. Professor Emerita and Distinguished Scholar Teacher University of Maryland,
More informationAcknowledgements. 2 P age
Acknowledgements This report is published by the Institute for Veterans and Military Families, under contract with Military Officers Association of America (http://www.moaa.org/). Principal authors of
More informationPopulation Reference Bureau and Hopkins Population Center 5 th Annual Symposium on Policy and Health
Population Reference Bureau and Hopkins Population Center 5 th Annual Symposium on Policy and Health The Effects of Military Deployment on Family Health Oct. 28, 2011 National Press Club, Washington, DC
More informationMoving with the military: Race, class, and gender differences in the employment consequences of tied migration
Moving with the military: Race, class, and gender differences in the employment consequences of tied migration Richard Cooney US Air Force Mady Wechsler Segal University of Maryland Karin De Angelis University
More informationQuestions and Answers about Military Families: A Sloan Work and Family Research Network Fact Sheet
Questions and Answers about Military Families: A Sloan Work and Family Research Network Fact Sheet Introduction The Sloan Work and Family Research Network has prepared Fact Sheets which provide statistical
More information2014 Demographics PROFILE OF THE MILITARY COMMUNITY
Demographics PROFILE OF THE MILITARY COMMUNITY ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report is published by the Office of the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense (Military Community and Family Policy), under contract
More informationGAO MILITARY SPOUSE EMPLOYMENT PROGRAMS. DOD Can Improve Guidance and Performance Monitoring
GAO United States Government Accountability Office Report to Congressional Committees December 2012 MILITARY SPOUSE EMPLOYMENT PROGRAMS DOD Can Improve Guidance and Performance Monitoring GAO-13-60 December
More informationA Sloan Work & Family Research Network Fact Sheet
Questions and Answers about GENERATION X/GENERATION Y: Y A Sloan Work & Family Research Network Fact Sheet Introduction The Sloan Work and Family Research Network has prepared Fact Sheets that provide
More information2015 ANNUAL MILITARY SPOUSE ATTORNEY SURVEY REPORT OF FINDINGS
2015 ANNUAL MILITARY SPOUSE ATTORNEY SURVEY REPORT OF FINDINGS About MSJDN INTRODUCTION The Military Spouse JD Network (MSJDN) is a bar association for military spouse attorneys. MSJDN members include
More informationA Strategy to Grow the Fort Bragg Region s Defense & Homeland Security Economy
A Strategy to Grow the Fort Bragg Region s Defense & Homeland Security Economy January, 2010 FINAL REPORT Volume Five Labor Supply: Final Report January, 2010 Defense & Homeland Security Economic Cluster
More informationThe employment situation for military wives
The employment situation for military wives The labor force participation rate of military wives soared in the 1970's; by 1979, it equaled that of civilian wives ALLYSON SHERMAN GROSSMAN At the beginning
More informationWhy Diversity is important
CHAPTER 2 DIVERSITY OVERVIEW Why Diversity is important The armed forces pride themselves on being leaders in diversity. In addition to providing equality, diversity gives the military more strength by
More informationMilitary Cultural Competency: Understanding How to Serve Those Who Serve
High. Learn. Res. Commun. Volume 5, Num. 2 June 2015 Military Cultural Competency: Understanding How to Serve Those Who Serve Kimberlee Bethany Bonura* Walden University United States Kimberlee.Bonura@waldenu.edu
More informationEFFECTS OF RELOCATION ON THE CAREERS OF MILITARY WIVES. Submitted to Webster University. In partial fulfillment. Of the requirements.
EFFECTS OF RELOCATION ON THE CAREERS OF MILITARY WIVES Submitted to Webster University In partial fulfillment Of the requirements For the degree Masters of Human Resources Development Ashley Savage December
More informationVeterans Employment Challenges
Veterans Employment Challenges Perceptions and experiences of transitioning from military to civilian life IRAQ AND AFGHANISTAN VETERANS OF AMERICA Foreword With tens of thousands of Iraq and Afghanistan
More informationZimbabwe Women s Economic Empowerment Study Terms of Reference
Zimbabwe Women s Economic Empowerment Study Terms of Reference Background Women s economic empowerment appears to be an elusive goal in Zimbabwe despite the recognition of its importance by the government,
More informationContents. Introduction 1 Key Findings 1. 1. Canada s Changing Retirement Landscape 2. 2. Retirement Expectations and Aspirations 4
Contents Introduction 1 Key Findings 1 1. Canada s Changing Retirement Landscape 2 2. Retirement Expectations and Aspirations 4 3. Retirement Saving and Planning 7 4. The Retirement Savings Habit 9 Recommendations
More informationThe Work Environment for Tenure-Track/Tenured Faculty at the University of Maryland. ADVANCE Research and Evaluation Report for CMNS
The Work Environment for Tenure-Track/Tenured Faculty at the University of Maryland ADVANCE Research and Evaluation Report for by KerryAnn O Meara, Associate Professor, Higher Education Co-PI for Research
More informationCharacteristics of African American Families
Characteristics of African American Families Based on the Work of Oscar Barbarin, PhD Professor University of North Carolina School of Social Work Presentation developed by Jenny Nicholson, MSW student
More informationPatient Responsibility in Health Care: An AARP Bulletin Survey
Patient Responsibility in Health Care: An AARP Bulletin Survey May 2011 Patient Responsibility in Health Care: An AARP Bulletin Survey Data Collected by SSRS Report Prepared by Teresa A. Keenan, Ph.D.
More informationEducational Attainment in the United States: 2015
Educational Attainment in the United States: 215 Population Characteristics Current Population Reports By Camille L. Ryan and Kurt Bauman March 216 P2-578 This report provides a portrait of educational
More informationFactors influencing participation of women in Distance Education: A case of Kenya Methodist University
DN1 DN2 Factors influencing participation of women in Distance Education: A case of Kenya Methodist University 1 B Y M U T W I R I F L O R A G A C H E R I Slide 1 DN1 DANIEL NGEERA, 10/8/2013 DN2 DANIEL
More informationUnemployment: Causes and its Economics Outcomes during Recent Years in Afghanistan
Unemployment: Causes and its Economics Outcomes during Recent Years in Afghanistan Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations The objective of the paper is to study the current situation of labor market in
More informationMASTER OF ARTS WITH A MAJOR IN COMMUNICATION
MASTER OF ARTS WITH A MAJOR IN COMMUNICATION The Master of Arts with a major in Communication requires 32 semester hours of graduate credit. What You Can Do with this Degree The Master of Arts degree with
More informationEntrepreneurship is attractive to many youth in the abstract. Key Messages. Data and methodology
Development programs in Egypt often encourage entrepreneurship as a means of combating the high level of youth unemployment. However, while over half of Egyptian youth say that they would prefer having
More informationAmerican College of Healthcare Executives. Division of Research. Examining the Transition From Military Careers to Civilian Careers in Healthcare
American College of Healthcare Executives Division of Research Examining the Transition From Military Careers to Civilian Careers in Healthcare Management: A 2009 Survey Introduction Every year, the American
More informationStudy of Civilian Licensure and Certification for Veterans. Executive Summary
Study of Civilian Licensure and Certification for Veterans Executive Summary The education, training and experience that are obtained during an individual's military service provide tangible benefits for
More informationHealth, Wealth & Happiness In Retirement. The impact of health on retiree lifestyles and satisfaction with life. March 2015
Health, Wealth & Happiness In Retirement The impact of health on retiree lifestyles and satisfaction with life. March 2015 Background and Methodology This report presents the results of research conducted
More informationWomen, Retirement and Advisors. Concerned About Meeting Retirement Expectations, Female Boomers Seek Expert Advice
Women, Retirement and Advisors Concerned About Meeting Retirement Expectations, Female Boomers Seek Expert Advice September 2011 About the Insured Retirement Institute: The Insured Retirement Institute
More informationBMJcareers. Informing Choices
: The Need for Career Advice in Medical Training How should the support provided to doctors and medical students to help them make career decisions during their training be improved? Experience elsewhere
More informationUNC Leadership Survey 2012: Women in Business
UNC Leadership Survey 2012: Women in Business Quantitative Report UNC Kenan-Flagler Business School Executive Development 2013 Table of Contents Introduction 3 How to Read This Report 4 Key Findings 5
More informationChapter 1. What is Poverty and Why Measure it?
Chapter 1. What is Poverty and Why Measure it? Summary Poverty is pronounced deprivation in well-being. The conventional view links well-being primarily to command over commodities, so the poor are those
More information2012 Demographics PROFILE OF THE MILITARY COMMUNITY
2012 Demographics PROFILE OF THE MILITARY COMMUNITY Acknowledgements ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report is published by the Office of the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense (Military Community and Family
More informationThe Impact of Familial and Marital Status on the Performance of Life Insurance Agents The Case of Taiwan
International Journal of Business and Economics, 2013, Vol. 12, No. 1, 15-26 The Impact of Familial and Marital Status on the Performance of Life Insurance Agents The Case of Taiwan Chiehwei Hung Department
More information. Key perceptions of internally displaced people in Ukraine.
. Key perceptions of internally displaced people in Ukraine. Net promoter analysis of second round of data collection March 2015 Analysis of data collection: round 2. 1. Summary of findings... 2 2. Question
More informationMilitary Spouse Employment Partnership (MSEP)
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Military Spouse Employment Partnership (MSEP) Military Spouses The best choice for your next hire. We are redoubling our efforts to help military spouses pursue their
More informationGender Roles and Marriage: A Fact Sheet
Gender Roles and Marriage: A Fact Sheet Gender roles and expectations play a significant role in couple interaction, family decision-making, and perspectives on marital satisfaction. Introduction Gender
More informationWomen Entrepreneurs & Problems Of Women Entrepreneurs
Women Entrepreneurs & Problems Of Women Entrepreneurs Bharthvajan R Assistant Professor, Bharath School of Business, Bharath University, Chennai 600073, India ABSTRACT: Entrepreneurship serves as a catalyst
More informationGender. Diversity Analysis. and. Discussion Paper and Lens
Gender and Diversity Analysis Discussion Paper and Lens by the Women in Employment Committee of the Canadian Association of Administrators of Labour Legislation August 8, 2003 INTRODUCTION The Women in
More informationIn 2013, 75.9 million workers age 16 and older in the. Characteristics of Minimum Wage Workers, 2013. Highlights CONTENTS
U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS M A R C H 2 0 1 4 R E P O R T 1 0 4 8 Characteristics of Minimum Wage Workers, 2013 below the figure of 13.4 percent in 1979, when data were first collected on a regular
More information2012 Vermont Household Health Insurance Survey: Comprehensive Report
Vermont Department of Financial Regulation Insurance Division 2012 Vermont Household Health Insurance Survey: Comprehensive Report Brian Robertson, Ph.D. Jason Maurice, Ph.D. Table of Contents Page I.
More informationThe Demographics of Military Children and Families
The Demographics of Military Children and Families Molly Clever and David R. Segal Summary Since the advent of the all-volunteer force in the 1970s, marriage, parenthood, and family life have become commonplace
More information2013 Demographics PROFILE OF THE MILITARY COMMUNITY
2013 Demographics PROFILE OF THE MILITARY COMMUNITY Acknowledgements ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report is published by the Office of the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense (Military Community and Family
More informationThe Retirement Savings Paradigm. Factors Influencing Saving
The Retirement Savings Paradigm Factors Influencing Saving Contents Executive Summary 2 Introduction 4 Why Study Retirement Savings 6 Data and Methodology 7 Key Findings 8 Conclusion 18 About ADP 19 Executive
More informationA Gender Reversal On Career Aspirations Young Women Now Top Young Men in Valuing a High-Paying Career
1 A Gender Reversal On Career Aspirations Young Women Now Top Young Men in Valuing a High-Paying Career By Eileen Patten and Kim Parker Career Importance, by Gender % of 18-34-year-olds saying being successful
More informationDraft conclusions concerning the recurrent discussion on social protection (labour protection)
INTERNATIONAL LABOUR CONFERENCE 104th Session, Geneva, June 2015 Committee for the Recurrent Discussion on Social Protection (Labour Protection) C.P.S/P.T/D.2 The Drafting Group of the Committee for the
More informationInsights: Financial Capability. The Financial Welfare of Military Households. Background. November 2014 Author: What s Inside:
Insights: Financial Capability November 2014 Author: William Skimmyhorn Department of Social Sciences United States Military Academy West Point, NY 10996 william.skimmyhorn@usma.edu (845) 938-4285 What
More informationNATIONAL REPORT 2007/2008 DENMARK
NATIONAL REPORT 2007/2008 DENMARK INTRODUCTION All initiatives by the Danish Armed Forces (DAF) in connection with new policies, recruitment, retention, training and career development are based on equality
More informationBaby Boomers: Discontinuing Damaging Family Legacies. upbringing and the traditional portrait of the 1950 s family. According to sociologist Robert
Wilm 1 Baby Boomers: Discontinuing Damaging Family Legacies Many members of the Baby Boom generation maintain a certain nostalgia for their upbringing and the traditional portrait of the 1950 s family.
More informationHow s Life in the United Kingdom?
How s Life in the United Kingdom? May 2014 The OECD Better Life Initiative, launched in 2011, focuses on the aspects of life that matter to people and that shape their quality of life. The Initiative comprises
More informationAn Untraditional Life: Male Spouses of Female Military Personnel
An Untraditional Life: Male Spouses of Female Military Personnel Jennifer L. Jebo Dissertation submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment
More informationFebruary 27, 2004. Subject: Military Personnel: Bankruptcy Filings among Active Duty Service Members
United States General Accounting Office Washington, DC 20548 February 27, 2004 The Honorable Richard J. Durbin Ranking Member Subcommittee on Oversight of Government Management, the Federal Workforce,
More informationNHS Staff Management and Health Service Quality
NHS Staff Management and Health Service Quality Michael West 1 and Jeremy Dawson 2 1 Lancaster University Management School and The Work Foundation 2 Aston Business School Foreword This report draws on
More informationThe Invisible Side of Military Careers : An Examination of Employment and Well-Being Among Military Spouses
UNF Digital Commons UNF Theses and Dissertations Student Scholarship 2005 The Invisible Side of Military Careers : An Examination of Employment and Well-Being Among Military Spouses Beth Allen Easterling
More informationThe Ariel Mutual Funds/Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. Black Investor Survey. Saving and Investing Among High Income African-American and White Americans
The Ariel Mutual Funds/Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. Black Investor Survey: Saving and Investing Among High Income African-American and Americans April, 2000 0 Prepared for Ariel Mutual Funds and Charles
More informationInstitute of Policy Studies Survey Report Singaporeans Attitudes to National Service. Background
Institute of Policy Studies Survey Report Singaporeans Attitudes to National Service Background 1. The Institute of Policy Studies at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore,
More informationImproving the Perception and Quality of Personal Financial Advice
Improving the Perception and Quality of Personal Financial Advice David Williams, CEO My Longevity Pty Limited. Summary Considerable progress has been made in improving the standard of personal financial
More informationThe trend of Vietnamese household size in recent years
2011 International Conference on Humanities, Society and Culture IPEDR Vol.20 (2011) (2011) IACSIT Press, Singapore The trend of Vietnamese household size in recent years Nguyen, Thanh Binh 1 Free University
More informationAn Examination of Hispanic Middle School Students Interest in Nursing as a Career Choice
Nursing and Health 1(2): 31-35, 2013 DOI: 10.13189/nh.2013.010203 http://www.hrpub.org An Examination of Hispanic Middle School Students Interest in Nursing as a Career Choice Laura McQueen 1,*, Lynn Zimmerman
More informationGender Differences in Employed Job Search Lindsey Bowen and Jennifer Doyle, Furman University
Gender Differences in Employed Job Search Lindsey Bowen and Jennifer Doyle, Furman University Issues in Political Economy, Vol. 13, August 2004 Early labor force participation patterns can have a significant
More informationAmerica s Families: Ready and Resilient Spouse Resilience
AUSA Military Family Forum II America s Families: Ready and Resilient Spouse Resilience Mr. Tony Stamilio Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Army Civilian Personnel and Quality of Life Enhancing Army Spouse
More informationReview of Women Engineers in Turkey: Gender, Technology, Education and Professional Life. Author: Berna Zengin.
http://genderandset.open.ac.uk Review of Women Engineers in Turkey: Gender, Technology, Education and Professional Life. Author: Berna Zengin. Reviewed by: Selda Koydemir, Chemnitz University of Technology,
More informationAMERICA'S YOUNG ADULTS AT 27: LABOR MARKET ACTIVITY, EDUCATION, AND HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION: RESULTS FROM A LONGITUDINAL SURVEY
For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Wednesday, March 26, 2014 USDL-14-0491 Technical information: (202) 691-7410 nls_info@bls.gov www.bls.gov/nls Media contact: (202) 691-5902 PressOffice@bls.gov AMERICA'S YOUNG
More informationBY Maeve Duggan NUMBERS, FACTS AND TRENDS SHAPING THE WORLD FOR RELEASE AUGUST 19, 2015 FOR FURTHER INFORMATION ON THIS REPORT:
NUMBERS, FACTS AND TRENDS SHAPING THE WORLD FOR RELEASE AUGUST 19, 2015 BY Maeve Duggan FOR FURTHER INFORMATION ON THIS REPORT: Maeve Duggan, Research Associate Dana Page, Senior Communications Manager
More informationEmploying Military Spouses
Employing Military Spouses A guide for employers Incorporating: 1. Introduction The UK has approximately 100,000 military spouses 1 with the important job of supporting a partner in the armed forces, which
More informationThe experiences of PhD students at the division of Solid State Physics: Effects of nationality and educational background
The experiences of PhD students at the division of Solid State Physics: Effects of nationality and educational background Background 43 completed PhDs at Solid State Physics from 2003 2012 (inclusive)
More informationFor More Information
THE ARTS CHILD POLICY CIVIL JUSTICE EDUCATION ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS NATIONAL SECURITY POPULATION AND AGING PUBLIC SAFETY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SUBSTANCE ABUSE
More informationPresented By: Tarah Caudill, M.Ed., & NCC and Ching Yi Kuo, M.A., NCC Doctoral Candidates at UNCC
Presented By: Tarah Caudill, M.Ed., & NCC and Ching Yi Kuo, M.A., NCC Doctoral Candidates at UNCC Students over the age of 25 years Nontraditional students are the largest growing population institutions
More informationTHE FIELD POLL. By Mark DiCamillo, Director, The Field Poll
THE FIELD POLL THE INDEPENDENT AND NON-PARTISAN SURVEY OF PUBLIC OPINION ESTABLISHED IN 1947 AS THE CALIFORNIA POLL BY MERVIN FIELD Field Research Corporation 601 California Street, Suite 210 San Francisco,
More informationWomen s Participation in Education and the Workforce. Council of Economic Advisers
Women s Participation in Education and the Workforce Council of Economic Advisers Updated October 14, 214 Executive Summary Over the past forty years, women have made substantial gains in the workforce
More informationResearch Report May 2016. Which Countries in Europe Have the Best Gender Equality in the Workplace?
Research Report May 2016 Which Countries in Europe Have the Best Gender Equality in the Workplace? Foreword Despite improvements in gender equality in recent decades, much remains to be done. Around the
More informationLife Insurance: Myths and Reality
Life Insurance: Myths and Reality While some misconceptions remain prevalent, consumers are beginning to understand the complete value of life insurance. A report from the 2012 myworth Survey sponsored
More informationTREASURY FACT SHEET: HELPING AMERICAN FAMILIES ACHIEVE RETIREMENT SECURITY BY EXPANDING LIFETIME INCOME CHOICES
TREASURY FACT SHEET: HELPING AMERICAN FAMILIES ACHIEVE RETIREMENT SECURITY BY EXPANDING LIFETIME INCOME CHOICES In September 2009, President Obama announced several new steps to make it easier for American
More informationUNDERSTANDING DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN CAMBODIA
80 UNDERSTANDING DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN CAMBODIA Devon Palk During my first trip to Cambodia with the McMaster School, I conducted research on the developing Cambodian Stock Exchange. As an accounting major,
More informationCHEA. Accreditation and Accountability: A CHEA Special Report. CHEA Institute for Research and Study of Acceditation and Quality Assurance
CHEA Institute for Research and Study of Acceditation and Quality Assurance Accreditation and Accountability: A CHEA Special Report CHEA Occasional Paper Special Report December 2006 CHEA The Council for
More informationStatement of Purpose Masters Degree in Military Social Work. Name: Institution: Date of Submission:
Running head: STATEMENT OF PURPOSE Statement of Purpose Masters Degree in Military Social Work Name: Institution: Date of Submission: STATEMENT OF PURPOSE 2 Statement of Purpose Mental health disorders
More informationGender inequalities in South African society
Volume One - Number Six - August 2001 Gender inequalities in South African society South Africa's national policy framework for women's empowerment and gender equality, which was drafted by the national
More informationIs MIT an Exception? Gender Pay Differences in Academic Science
BULLETIN OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & SOCIETY / Ginther 10.1177/0270467602239767 February / GENDER 2003 PAY DIFFERENCES ARTICLE Is MIT an Exception? Gender Pay Differences in Academic Science Donna K. Ginther
More informationTHE FIELD POLL. By Mark DiCamillo, Director, The Field Poll
THE FIELD POLL THE INDEPENDENT AND NON-PARTISAN SURVEY OF PUBLIC OPINION ESTABLISHED IN 1947 AS THE CALIFORNIA POLL BY MERVIN FIELD Field Research Corporation 601 California Street, Suite 210 San Francisco,
More informationCollege Financing Survey
CONSUMER REPORTS NATIONAL RESEARCH CENTER College Financing Survey 2016 Nationally Representative Online Survey May 10, 2016 Introduction In March-April, 2016 the Consumer Reports National Research Center
More informationAccess and Barriers to Post-Secondary Education Under Michigan's Welfare to Work Policies
Access and Barriers to Post-Secondary Education Under Michigan's Welfare to Work Policies Policy Background and Recipients' Experiences Coalition for Independence Through Education (CFITE) February 2002
More informationConvention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
United Nations CEDAW/C/ETH/Q/6-7 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women Distr.: General 4 November 2010 Original: English Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination
More information1. As wrong do so because they re seen as morally wrong
April 8, 2004 DIVORCE I Read: Coontz: Putting Divorce in Perspective. 97-108 Hackstaff: Divorce Culture: A Quest for Relational Equality in Marriage Lawson and Thompson: Divorce and Fatherhood Mason, Harrison-Jay,
More informationReport to Congress. Vocational Rehabilitation and Employment Longitudinal Study
Report to Congress Vocational Rehabilitation and Employment Longitudinal Study July, 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary 2 Section 1: Overview (VR&E) 5 Section 1A: Services Provided by VR&E s VetSuccess
More informationCultural Models of Domestic Violence: Perspectives of Human Service Professionals
Cultural Models of Domestic Violence: Perspectives of Human Service Professionals Cyleste Cassandra Collins, Ph.D. The University of Alabama Tuscaloosa, Alabama 1 Background and Statement of Research Question
More informationKey Evaluation Findings Clinic Leadership Institute Emerging Leaders Program, Cohorts 1 5
FEBRUARY 2014 Key Evaluation Findings Clinic Leadership Institute Emerging Leaders Program, Cohorts 1 5 Summary of Program Findings The program has contributed to stronger knowledge, skills and confidence
More informationViolence against women in Egypt 1
United Nations Statistical Commission ESA/STAT/AC.193/2 United Nations Statistics Division Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía de México November 2009 Meeting of the Friends of the Chair of the
More informationNATIONAL REPORT 2005/2006 DENMARK
NATIONAL REPORT 2005/2006 DENMARK INTRODUCTION All initiatives by the Danish Armed Forces (DAF) in connection with new policies, recruitment, training and career development are based on all personnel
More informationTowards 2017 Better Work Phase III Strategy
Towards 2017 Better Work Phase III Strategy Towards 2017 Better Work Phase III Strategy Promoting Good Working Conditions Across the International Garment Industry Problem Analysis Sixty million workers
More informationAMERICA S YOUNG ADULTS AT 23: SCHOOL ENROLLMENT, TRAINING, AND EMPLOYMENT TRANSITIONS BETWEEN AGES 22 AND 23
For release 10:00 a.m. (EST) Wednesday, February 9, 2011 USDL-11-0155 Technical information: (202) 691-7410 nls_info@bls.gov www.bls.gov/nls Media contact: (202) 691-5902 PressOffice@bls.gov AMERICA S
More informationEntrepreneurship in Egypt
It s fine to celebrate success but it is more important to heed the lessons of failure. Bill Gates Entrepreneurship in Egypt Opportunities, Challenges and Recommendations Egypt Network for Integrated Development
More informationG20 LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT MINISTERIAL DECLARATION MELBOURNE, 10-11 SEPTEMBER 2014
Introduction G20 LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT MINISTERIAL DECLARATION MELBOURNE, 10-11 SEPTEMBER 2014 Preventing structural unemployment, creating better jobs and boosting participation 1. We, the Ministers of
More informationWhy Healthcare Leaders Need to Take a New Look at Diversity in Their Organizations
Why Healthcare Leaders Need to Take a New Look at Diversity in Their Organizations Division of Member Services, Research American College of Healthcare Executives CEO Circle White Paper Fall 2015 Introduction
More informationPersonal Branding. Our survey reveals the performance drivers for Brand YOU. June 2012
Personal Branding Our survey reveals the performance drivers for Brand YOU. June 2012 Views of all management levels, professional and technical employees and team members. Methodology Branding can be
More informationLeadership, Change, and Organizational Effectiveness. Martin M. Chemers University of California, Santa Cruz
Leadership, Change, and Organizational Effectiveness Martin M. Chemers University of California, Santa Cruz What is leadership? Most organizational theorists agree that effective leadership is one of the
More informationProgram Identity: The EdD in Educational Leadership advances critical inquiry for deliberate intentions.
Program Identity: The EdD in Educational Leadership advances critical inquiry for deliberate intentions. The EdD in Educational Leadership is a scholar-practitioner degree designed to provide leaders throughout
More informationNATIONAL: THE GOOD AND MOSTLY BAD OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Please attribute this information to: Monmouth University Poll West Long Branch, NJ 07764 www.monmouth.edu/polling Follow on Twitter: @MonmouthPoll CONTACTS: For commentary on poll results and A.I. technology:
More informationLAWRENCE MORLEY HANSER
LAWRENCE MORLEY HANSER EDUCATION Ph.D. Psychology, 1977, Iowa State University M.S. Psychology, 1975, Iowa State University B.A. Psychology, 1972, Marquette University PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE 1989-Present
More informationRetirement Readiness in New York City: Trends in Plan Sponsorship, Participation and Income Security
Retirement Readiness in New York City: Trends in Plan Sponsorship, Participation and Income Security Figures and Tables by the Schwartz Center for Economic Policy Analysis (SCEPA) Joelle Saad Lessler,
More information