A Categorical Assessment of 12-Step Involvement in Relation to Recovery Resources
|
|
- Marvin Richardson
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Journal of Groups in Addiction & Recovery ISSN: X (Print) (Online) Journal homepage: A Categorical Assessment of 12-Step Involvement in Relation to Recovery Resources John M. Majer, Jocelyn R. Droege & Leonard A. Jason To cite this article: John M. Majer, Jocelyn R. Droege & Leonard A. Jason (2010) A Categorical Assessment of 12-Step Involvement in Relation to Recovery Resources, Journal of Groups in Addiction & Recovery, 5:2, , DOI: / To link to this article: Published online: 07 May Submit your article to this journal Article views: 565 View related articles Citing articles: 5 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at Download by: [ ] Date: 16 July 2016, At: 12:46
2 Journal of Groups in Addiction & Recovery, 5: , 2010 Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ISSN: X print / online DOI: / A Categorical Assessment of 12-Step Involvement in Relation to Recovery Resources JOHN M. MAJER Department of Social Sciences, Richard J. Daley College, Chicago, Illinois, USA JOCELYN R. DROEGE and LEONARD A. JASON Center for Community Research, DePaul University, Chicago, Illinois, USA The present study examined 12-step involvement categorically, independent of 12-step meeting attendance, and its relation to recovery resources among 100 members of Alcoholics Anonymous and Narcotics Anonymous residing in recovery homes. Participants who were actively involved in 12-step activities reported significantly higher levels of recovery resources compared with those who were less involved, whereas meeting attendance was significantly and negatively related to self-efficacy for abstinence and meaning in life. Findings suggest that categorical involvement in 12-step activities equip recovering alcoholics/addicts with resources for their ongoing recovery. Implications for future research are discussed. KEYWORDS 12-step involvement, meaning, recovery resources, self-efficacy, Oxford House Vaillant (1995) concluded that relatively short-term substance abuse treatment effects are often not sustained during longer periods and that the most effective interventions might be those that engage clients (Moos, 1994) and promote naturally occurring healing processes. Non-treatment factors like participation in 12-step fellowships such as Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and Narcotics Anonymous (NA) might be some of the best prognosticators of future recovery status (Humphreys et al., 2004; Moos & Moos, 2004; Owen et al., 2003). Research studies involving recovering addicts/alcoholics have shown participation in 12-step fellowships to be a significant predictor of decreased stress in early recovery (Laudet & White, 2008) and reduced alcohol/drug use at 2-year (McKellar, Stewart, & Humphreys, 2003), 5-year Address correspondence to John M. Majer, Ph.D., Department of Social Sciences, Richard J. Daley College, 7500 South Pulaski Road, Chicago, IL jmajer@ccc.edu 155
3 156 J. M. Majer et al. (Ritsher, McKellar, Finney, Otilingam, & Moos, 2002) and 16-year follow-up (Moos & Moos, 2007). Participation has been assessed in several ways, including measuring 12-step meeting attendance rates in terms of frequency and duration (Moos & Moos, 2004, 2007; Ritsher et al., 2002) and consistency (Weiss et al., 2005). However, participation in 12-step fellowships might be best considered a construct that involves meeting attendance in addition to one s involvement in such fellowships in other words, one s participation in other 12-step-related activities/behaviors (Tonigan, Connors, & Miller, 1998). A multifaceted approach to measuring involvement in 12-step activities, such as having a sponsor, reading 12-step literature, involvement in service, and working the 12 steps, has been applied during the past decade. For example, the Alcoholics Anonymous Involvement scale (Tonigan et al., 1998) and Alcoholics Anonymous Affiliation Scale (AAAS; Humphreys, Kaskutas, & Weisner, 1998) are two important and widely used instruments in assessing 12-step involvement. These and similar measures (Allen, 2000) are helping researchers investigate the effects of 12-step fellowships that evidence suggests empower recovering individuals both as a social resource for abstinence (Moos & Moos, 2007) and as a catalyst of protective resources for recovery (Moos & Moos, 2004). Recovery is a concept that involves more than abstinence, and involvement in 12-step activities is likely to increase one s resources for ongoing recovery (Laudet & White, 2008). However, the assessment of 12-step involvement has not been consistent across investigations. On the one hand, a number of studies have examined 12-step meeting attendance as an integral part of 12-step involvement (e.g., Humphreys et al., 1998; Mankowski, Humphreys, & Moos, 2001; McKellar et al., 2003; Moos & Moos, 2007; Morgenstern, Labouvie, McCrady, Kahler, & Frey, 1997; Staines et al., 2003; Tonigan et al., 1998; Zenmore, Kaskutas, & Ammon, 2004). On the other hand, fewer investigations have examined involvement apart from 12-step meeting attendance. For instance, increased and consistent involvement in 12-step activities within 3 months time, independent of meeting attendance, was associated with decreased cocaine use at 6-month follow-up (Weiss et al., 2005). Montgomery, Miller, and Tonigan (1995) found 12-step involvement in terms of one s extent of working the 12 steps of AA significantly predicted increased rates of meaning in life in addition to abstinence from alcohol at 31 weeks of follow-up, even when controlling for meeting attendance. However, when controlling for 12-step involvement, increased meaning in life was found to be associated with increased odds of no heavy drinking at 6-month follow-up (Robinson, Cranford, Webb, & Brower, 2007). Taken together, findings from these investigations suggest that involvement in 12-step fellowships, independent of 12-step meeting attendance, empowers recovering individuals with abstinence while also providing increased life meaning that might serve as a protective resource for ongoing recovery.
4 Twelve-Step Involvement and Recovery 157 In addition, a lack of 12-step involvement may increase the risk of relapse. Timko and DeBenedetti (2007) found increased involvement in 12- step practices (independent of meeting attendance) was associated with an 83% likelihood of abstinence at both 6- and 12-month follow-up intervals, whereas the likelihood of abstinence was only 26% among persons who had no such involvement. Furthermore, specific 12-step activities, such as having a sponsor and being of service, might be key components of 12-step involvement (Witbrodt & Kaskutas, 2005). Recovering individuals who are actively involved in a number of 12-step activities are likely to have better outcomes related to abstinence, such as self-efficacy for abstinence. Self-efficacy for abstinence is a construct based on Bandura s (1997, pp ) cognitive behavior self-efficacy theory, and it is regarded as a crucial resource toward relapse prevention (Marlatt & Gordon, 1985) that can help substance abusers cope with high-risk situations (Annis & Davis, 1991). In an 8-year outcome study, Moos and Moos (2004) found continued 12-step attendance was related to increased abstinence and self-efficacy for abstinence. In addition, Majer, Jason, and Olson (2004) found increased selfefficacy for abstinence was associated with increased abstinence and that efficacy expectations stabilize at 6 months into abstinence among two independent samples of recovering addicts and alcoholics. Furthermore, longitudinal data have shown that both increased self-efficacy for abstinence within 12 months of abstinence and increased duration of AA attendance significantly predicted less alcohol consumption at 16 years of follow-up (Moos & Moos, 2007). However, it is not clear whether increased 12-step involvement in activities apart from meeting attendance predicts increases in self-efficacy for abstinence and continuous abstinence. In summary, involvement in 12-step activities has been assessed as a multifaceted construct that includes 12-step meeting attendance as a component. Alternatively, 12-step involvement that is independent of 12-step meeting attendance has been demonstrated to promote abstinence perhaps the most valuable but not necessarily the only resource for recovery. In addition, little is known about whether 12-step involvement apart from meeting attendance engenders additional resources for recovery such as meaning in life and self-efficacy for abstinence for both recovering addicts and alcoholics. Specific activities, such as having a sponsor, working the 12 steps, and being of service, are some activities that have been used to indicate 12-step involvement. However, nearly every investigation involving 12-step involvement cited in this report used a summary-score approach in assessing participation across various 12-step activities whereby involvement in any specific 12- step activity could have been artificially reduced or inflated by averaging effects. In addition, abstinence outcomes in a number of studies consisted of examining alcohol and drug use independently but not total continuous abstinence. Only one study (Timko & DeBenedetti, 2007) found more overall
5 158 J. M. Majer et al. 12-step involvement was related to better outcomes, with two specific activities (having a sponsor, having had a spiritual awakening) associated with abstinence from both alcohol and drugs. There is a need to determine whether categorical involvement in specific 12-step activities leads to increases in recovery resources including continuous abstinence, as findings would have implications for treatment providers serving recovering addicts/alcoholics. The present study examined 12-step involvement among a sample of both recovering addicts and alcoholics residing in Oxford Houses, which are self-run, communal-living settings quite similar to the recovery home modality of care except that they are nonprofessional and democratically operated (Jason, Davis, Ferrari, & Bishop, 2001). We hypothesized that high levels of recovery resources (continuous abstinence, self-efficacy for abstinence, meaning in life, and length of stay in an Oxford House) would be observed among participants who were actively involved (as opposed to less involved) in 12-step activities independent of their 12-step attendance. METHODS Participants A total of 100 participants (57 men, 43 women) with a mean age of 37.5 years (SD = 8.6) were involved in the present study. In terms of racial background, 69% were African American, 28% were Anglo-American (i.e., White ), 2% were Latino, and 1% was multiracial. The majority identified themselves as being single (60%) high school graduates (87%) who were employed full time (79%). They also identified themselves as members of NA (72%), AA (23%), or both (2%). Their most frequent drugs formerly used were cocaine (79%), alcohol (64%), cannabis (28%), opioids/heroin (17%), sedatives/hypnotics (4%), and amphetamines (3%). Intravenous drug use was reported by 17% of all participants. The average length of stay in an Oxford House reported by participants was 255 days (SD = 376 days), and the average rate of continuous abstinence from both alcohol and drugs reported was 422 days (SD = 560 days). In addition, participants reported attending an average of 4.4 (SD = 2.0) AA and/or NA meetings each week. Procedures The investigation was proposed to and approved by an institutional review board. Participants for the present study were recruited through two methods that yielded a total sample of 100 participants (also described in the parent study, Majer, Jason, Ferrari, Venable, & Olson, 2002). The first method involved recruiting Oxford House residents from the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. Ninety questionnaires were originally mailed
6 Twelve-Step Involvement and Recovery 159 in March 1999 to the cofounder of Oxford House (J. Paul Molloy) after the primary investigator discussed the overview of the study and how to handle self-report surveys. Mr. Molloy agreed to disseminate and return by mail sets of questionnaires throughout Oxford Houses located in North Carolina and Virginia with the assistance of two Oxford House representatives from this region. These representatives recruited participants at monthly Oxford House business meetings. At the regional business meetings, representatives gave an overview of the study and disbursed packets of surveys to interested persons. Forty-five participants (23 men, 22 women), from a pool of a possible 90 living in the Mid-Atlantic region, agreed to participate in the study. Participants completed their measures in small groups within their homes within 1 week of receiving survey packets when their representatives collected each House s surveys and mailed them to the primary investigator using this method (50% return rate). The remainder of the present sample (n = 34 men, 21 women) was obtained with the assistance of an Oxford House representative by recruiting participants from a pool of a possible 120 residents (45.8% return rate) from the Midwestern region (Northern Illinois) in a manner similar to the Mid-Atlantic region. Residents from both regions completed their questionnaires in approximately 90 minutes in small groups. All participants were given questionnaires and a consent form and were engaged in a process of informed consent during a mandatory weekly Oxford House meeting or during a monthly business meeting from a regional representative. Oxford House representatives informed all potential participants that their involvement was voluntary and that their responses to items would be confidential and would not impact their status as a resident. Those who participated in the study signed their consent forms and received an educational feedback form (describing the study and providing contact information for the primary investigator) after being engaged in a process of informed consent. Measures Twelve-Step Involvement. Participants completed a Basic Information Survey (27 items) and a Treatment Involvement Survey (21 items) developed as a way of gathering relevant sociodemographic and substance abuse information. Items included surveying participants continuous days of abstinence from both alcohol and drugs, drugs of choice, route of drug administration, length of stay in an Oxford House, number of AA/NA meetings attended per week, and whether they identified more closely with one 12-step fellowship (i.e., AA or NA). Self-reports on Oxford House residents abstinence rates have been verified with collateral informants in one national longitudinal investigation (Jason, Davis, Ferrari, & Anderson, 2007) that found very high rates of consistent reporting greater than 97% for abstinence from both alcohol and drugs between residents and informants.
7 160 J. M. Majer et al. In addition, four questions with a dichotomous response range (yes/no) were given to measure participants active involvement with 12-step activities: I have a sponsor who knows something about the 12 steps; I utilize a network of AA/NA members outside of meetings; I am involved with service (e.g., setting up meeting, coffee maker, secretary, etc.); and I have a home group that I attend regularly. The primary author designed these questions as a result of his clinical and research experiences with recovering addicts and alcoholics, and they are very similar to those listed in 12-step involvement measures. Participants who positively endorsed all four 12-step involvement items (n = 42) were considered to have been actively involved, whereas participants who did not (n = 53) were considered to have been less involved. The internal consistency for 12-step involvement in the present study was adequate for a research study (Cronbach s alpha =.65). An independent samples t-test was conducted to determine whether reported 12-step involvement substantially differed between these groups, with a total 12-step involvement scale score (calculated by adding the number of positively endorsed items; ranging from 0 to 4) as the dependent variable. After controlling for violation of homogeneity of variance (Levene s test for equality of variance; F(93) = 59.29, p <.001), actively involved participants (n = 42) reported significantly more total 12-step involvement than less involved (n = 53) participants, M = 4.00 vs. 2.08; SE = 0.00 vs. 0.13; t(52) = 15.28, p <.001, CI = 1.67, Abstinence Self-Efficacy. Annis and Graham s (1988) Situational Confidence Questionnaire-39 (SCQ-39) was completed as an assessment of participants confidence in resisting the urge to use drugs or alcohol across 39 hypothetical situations. The SCQ-39 is rooted in Bandura s (1997) cognitivebehavioral self-efficacy theory, and it is based on antecedents of substance abuse relapse (Annis & Graham). Previous research indicates that the SCQ- 39 was appropriate for the present study, because it has been used among people with different addiction typologies (Ross, Filstead, Parrella, & Rossi, 1994). Because the SCQ-39 consists of eight highly reliable subscales (.81 to.97; Annis & Graham), a total confidence score was used in the present study by collapsing the subscale scores and averaging these scores on a scale that ranges from 0% (not at all confident) to 100% (very confident). This total score calculation has been effectively used in previous studies that compared short- and long-term abstinence groups (Greenfield et al., 2000; Majer et al., 2004; Miller, Ross, Emmerson, & Todt, 1989). The SCQ-39 had a Cronbach s alpha of.99 with the present sample. Life Purpose. Hablas and Hutzell s (1982) Life Purpose Questionnaire (LPQ) was administered to measure the extent of participants sense of meaning in life. Responses (disagree-agree) to the 20 items of the LPQ are scored on a dichotomous response range (0 to 1). Positively endorsed items are summed, with higher scores reflecting a greater sense of meaning in life. The LPQ has good internal consistency (Cronbach s alpha =.82; Hutzell,
8 Twelve-Step Involvement and Recovery ), and excellent (.90) 1-week test-retest correlation (Hablas & Hutzell). The LPQ had a Cronbach s alpha of.81 in the present sample. Data Analysis Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was conducted to test for differences in recovery resources (i.e., number of continuous days abstinent, self-efficacy for abstinence, meaning in life, and number of days living in an Oxford House) while controlling for 12-step attendance rates (weekly average) in relation to one factor: involvement in 12-step activities. This method was used to control for potential shared variance among covariate and dependent variables in addition to control for Type I error that might have resulted through repeated one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) testing. RESULTS There were no significant differences observed between participants in terms of their region (Mid-Atlantic vs. Midwestern) on the following variables: sex, ethnicity, marital status, parental status, number of children, employment, age, education, income, drug of choice, time in Oxford House, continuous abstinence, weekly AA/NA meeting attendance, and 12-step involvement. Therefore, we collapsed across regional samples for all further analyses. In addition, there were no significant differences in the proportion of participants who were actively involved or less involved in relation to their identification with AA, NA, or both AA/NA fellowships, X 2 (2, N = 95) = 1.79, p <.41. Multivariate Analysis of Recovery Resources Differences in levels of recovery resources were compared among participants in relation to their active involvement in 12-step activities. A one-way MANCOVA was employed (actively involved in 12-step activities, less involved in 12-step activities), covarying 12-step meeting attendance, with continuous days abstinent, levels of self-efficacy for abstinence and meaning in life, and days living in an Oxford House as dependent variables. Main Effects Results from the MANCOVA test demonstrated a significant main effect for 12-step involvement, Wilks λ (4, 82) = 4.43, p <.01, ηp 2 =.18. Followup ANOVA tests revealed actively involved participants (n = 38) reported significantly higher levels of abstinence, M = vs ; SE = 69.12,
9 162 J. M. Majer et al ; F(1, 85) = 6.43, p <.01, ηp 2 =.07, and self-efficacy for abstinence, M = vs.70.21; SE = 3.77, 3.28; F(1, 85) = 5.87, p <.02, ηp 2 =.07, compared with less involved participants (n = 50). In addition, actively involved participants reported significantly higher levels of meaning in life, M = vs.12.40; SE = 0.60, 0.52; F(1, 85) = 9.58, p <.01, ηp 2 =.10, and days in Oxford Houses, M = vs ; SE = 51.10, 44.39; F(1, 85) = 4.92, p <.03, ηp 2 =.06, compared with less involved participants. Covariate Effects Results from the MANCOVA test also demonstrated a significant covariate effect for 12-step meeting attendance, Wilks λ (4, 82) = 3.76, p <.01, ηp 2 =.16. Follow-up ANOVA tests revealed a significant relationship for 12-step meeting attendance with self-efficacy for abstinence, F(1, 85) = 7.00, p <.01, ηp 2 =.08, and meaning in life, F(1, 85) = 8.26, p <.01, ηp 2 =.09. Parameter estimates of the model revealed 12-step meeting attendance was a significant negative predictor of self-efficacy for abstinence, B = 3.24, t(87) = 2.65, p <.01, CI = 5.68, 0.81, and meaning in life, B = 0.56, t(87) = 2.87, p <.01, CI = 0.95, However, 12-step meeting attendance was not significantly related to continuous days abstinent or days living in an Oxford House. DISCUSSION Twelve-step involvement, independent of 12-step meeting attendance, was significantly related to increases in recovery resources. Significantly more continuous days abstinent from both alcohol and drugs were reported by participants who were actively involved in 12-step activities than those who were less involved, a finding that is consistent with previous investigations (Montgomery et al., 1995; Timko & DeBenedetti, 2007; Witbrodt & Kaskutas, 2005). Being actively involved in 12-step activities in the present study meant that participants reported they utilized a social support network of recovering others outside the context of AA/NA meetings, had a sponsor who was knowledgeable about the 12 steps, were involved in service, and regularly attended a home group. These activities are considered to be some of the critical aspects of 12-step recovery (Laudet & White, 2008). Twelve-step involvement was measured as a categorical variable consisting of participation in several specific 12-step activities in the present study, two of which (having a sponsor, being of service) have been identified as key components of 12-step involvement (Witbrodt & Kaskutas, 2005). Twelve-step involvement measured categorically, as opposed to an averaged summary score (dimensional) approach, can help us understand more explicitly the multifaceted aspects of 12-step involvement related to outcomes.
10 Twelve-Step Involvement and Recovery 163 Timko and DeBenedetti (2007) recently examined twelve-step activities with the AA Affiliation Scale (AAAS; Humphreys et al., 1998) and found overall involvement, measured as a combination of twelve-step activities, was related to better abstinence outcomes. However, twelve-step involvement measured categorically, as opposed to an averaged summary score (dimensional) approach, can help us understand more explicitly the multifaceted aspects of twelve-step involvement related to outcomes. In addition, we have learned anecdotally from recovering persons that involvement in 12-step activities such as those specified in the present study are regarded as suggestions or the basics of recovery that should not be taken selectively. Future investigations are needed to determine what combination of 12-step activities is necessary for ongoing recovery, as results would inform treatment providers in helping clients fully engage in such 12-step activities. Twelve-step involvement in the present study also was related to increases in two intrapersonal recovery resources: self-efficacy for abstinence and meaning in life. Actively involved 12-step members reported significantly higher levels of self-efficacy for abstinence than those who were less involved. This finding is consistent with previous investigations that examined self-efficacy for abstinence where attendance was an integral part of 12- step participation (Moos & Moos, 2004, 2007) and involvement (Morgenstern et al., 1997). In addition, the present study extends previous research in that active involvement in 12-step activities, separate from meeting attendance, was related to significant increases in self-efficacy for abstinence, a recovery resource that was positively and significantly related to total continuous days abstinent in the parent study (Majer et al., 2002). Together, these findings have implications for further examining the role of 12-step involvement as a catalyst for resources such as self-efficacy for abstinence that might combat stress and sustain recovery across various abstinence time points (Laudet & White, 2008). In addition, the relationship between active involvement in 12-step activities and increased meaning in life is consistent with previous investigations on 12-step participation (Majer, 1992; Montgomery et al., 1995). Findings in the present study extend previous research in that active involvement consisted of a number of 12-step activities beyond working the 12 steps of AA (Montgomery et al.) among a community as opposed to a clinical sample (Majer). Meaning in life is an important resource for recovery because the inability to find meaning might contribute to one s active addiction (Frankl, 1986). Moreover, research evidence suggests that meaning in life is an important recovery resource that protects against relapse (Robinson et al., 2007) while promoting sustained quality recovery (Laudet & White, 2008). Furthermore, active 12-step involvement was related to increased length of stay in an Oxford House. Oxford House residents typically attend 12-step meetings (Nealon-Woods, Ferrari, & Jason, 1995) for their ongoing recovery. In addition, Oxford Houses operate loosely on traditions adapted from AA
11 164 J. M. Majer et al. (Oxford House, Inc., 2002), so it is likely that residents who choose to remain in their houses for extended periods are more involved in their 12- step fellowships and related activities. This claim can only be verified by a longitudinal, not cross-sectional, design. Nonetheless, findings in the present study suggest that recovering addicts/alcoholics who are invested in the 12-step model of recovery would do well living in Oxford Houses. Although active involvement in 12-step activities was related to increases in recovery resources, meeting attendance was found to be a significant covariate. The significant negative relationship between 12-step meeting attendance and self-efficacy for abstinence and meaning in life is not surprising for a couple reasons. First, newcomers to AA and NA lack recovery resources and typically attend more AA/NA meetings early in their abstinence when they begin to attribute meaning to their experiences (Galanter, 2007). In addition, research evidence suggests that recovering addicts/alcoholics later develop recovery resources such as meaning (Robinson et al., 2007) and self-efficacy for abstinence (Majer et al., 2004) within 6 months of their ongoing abstinence. Second, although meeting attendance may decrease with time, duration of involvement in 12-step activities which has been significantly related to increases in recovery resources (Moos & Moos, 2004, 2007) may not. The non-significant relationship between meeting attendance and continuous days abstinent implies that frequent meeting attendance does not necessarily facilitate good outcomes, consistent with previous research (Moos & Moos, 2004). Future investigations are needed to clarify the benefits of 12-step fellowships by evaluating measures of both 12-step involvement (i.e., categorical vs. dimensional approaches) and meeting attendance (e.g., duration vs. frequency) with time to better understand the dynamics of 12- step involvement in relation to recovery resources. There are a few limitations of the study. One is that it relied on the use of self-reported data at a single time point when repeated administrations might have provided more meaningful information about 12-step involvement and recovery resources. In addition, participants were living in self-run, democratically operated recovery homes (Oxford Houses), so the effect of involvement in specific 12-step activities may not easily generalize among those involved in professional treatment or those who simply attend AA and NA. Furthermore, the present study viewed abstinence and time in an Oxford House as outcome variables, and future studies are needed to determine whether such variables moderate the relationship between 12-step involvement/attendance and other recovery resources. Finally, there might have been some selection bias in the recruitment effort. However, if any selection bias did occur in the present study, our findings suggest that the effects were relatively equal between groups. The present study investigated involvement in 12-step activities, independent of 12-step meeting attendance, in relation to resources for ongoing recovery. Twelve-step involvement was measured as a categorical variable
12 Twelve-Step Involvement and Recovery 165 to prevent averaging effects from a dimensional assessment that might have artificially inflated or reduced participation in specific 12-step activities. Findings showed significant relationships between active 12-step involvement and increases in resources that sustain ongoing recovery, with treatment implications that addiction clinicians should target and encourage clients simultaneous involvement in a number of 12-step activities. The use of followup assessment intervals could provide data on changes throughout time and should be considered in future investigations. Comparison groups should be included in future investigations to better understand the effects of active 12-step involvement, while combinations of specific 12-step activities should be evaluated in addition to meeting attendance in terms of frequency and duration. With comparison groups consisting of patients from professionally run treatment modalities for alcohol/drug dependence and members of the 12-step community, we can better understand the empowering effects of both involvement in 12-step activities and meeting attendance. Overall, findings from the present study suggest that categorical involvement in 12-step activities is likely to empower recovering addicts/alcoholics with resources to sustain their ongoing recovery. REFERENCES Allen, J. (2000). Measuring treatment process variables in Alcoholics Anonymous. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 18, Annis, H. M., & Davis, C. S. (1991). Relapse prevention. Alcohol Health Research World, 15, Annis, H. M., & Graham, J. M. (1988). Situational confidence questionnaire. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Addiction Research Foundation. Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. NewYork:W.H.Freeman. Frankl, V. E. (1986). The doctor and the soul: From psychotherapy to logotherapy. New York: Vintage. Galanter, M. (2007). Spirituality and recovery in 12-step programs: An empirical model. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 33, Greenfield, S. F, Hufford, M. R., Vagge, L. M, Muenz, L. R., Costello, M. E, & Weiss, R. D. (2000). The relationship of self-efficacy expectancies to relapse among alcohol-dependent men and women: A prospective study. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 61, Hablas, R., & Hutzell, R. R. (1982). The Life Purpose Questionnaire: An alternative to the Purpose in Life Test for geriatric, neuropsychiatric patients. In S. A. Wawrytko (Ed.), Analecta Frankliana: The proceedings of the First World Congress of Logotherapy: 1980 (pp ). Berkeley, CA: Strawberry Hill. Humphreys, K., Kaskutas, L., & Weisner, C. (1998). The Alcoholism Anonymous Affiliation Scale: Development, reliability, and norms for diverse-treated and untreated populations. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 22,
13 166 J. M. Majer et al. Humphreys, K., Wing, S., McCarty, D., Chappel, J., Gallant, L., Haberle, B., et al. (2004). Self-help organizations for alcohol and drug problems: Toward evidence-based practice and policy. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 26, Hutzell, R. R. (1989). Life Purpose Questionnaire overview sheet. Berkeley, CA: Institute of Logotherapy. Jason, L. A., Davis, M. I., Ferrari, J. R., & Anderson, E. (2007). The need for substance abuse after-care: Longitudinal analysis of Oxford House. Addictive Behaviors, 32, Jason, L. A., Davis, M. I., Ferrari, J. R., & Bishop, P. D. (2001). Oxford House: A review of research and implications for substance abuse recovery and community research. Journal of Drug Education, 31, Laudet, A. B., & White, W. L. (2008). Recovery capital as a prospective predictor of sustained recovery, life satisfaction, and stress among former poly-substance abusers. Substance Use & Misuse, 43, Majer, J. M. (1992). Assessing the logotherapeutic value of 12-step therapy. International Forum for Logotherapy, 15, Majer, J. M., Jason, L. A., Ferrari, J. R., Venable, L. B., & Olson, B. D. (2002). Social support and self-efficacy for abstinence: Is peer identification an issue? Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 23, Majer, J. M., Jason, L. A., & Olson, B. D. (2004). Optimism, abstinence self-efficacy, and self-mastery: A comparative analysis of cognitive resources. Assessment, 11, Mankowski, E. S., Humphreys, K., & Moos, R. H. (2001). Individual and contextual predictors of involvement in 12-step self-help groups after substance abuse treatment. American Journal of Community Psychology, 29, Marlatt, G. A., & Gordon, J. R. (1985). Relapse prevention: Maintenance strategies in addictive behavior change. New York: Guilford. McKellar, J., Stewart, E., & Humphreys, K. (2003). Alcoholics Anonymous involvement and positive alcohol-related outcomes: Cause, consequence, or just a correlate? A prospective 2-year study of 2,319 alcohol-dependent men. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71, Montgomery, H. A., Miller, W. R., & Tonigan, J. S. (1995). Does Alcoholics Anonymous involvement predict treatment outcome? Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 12(4), Moos, R. H. (1994). Why do some people recover from alcohol dependence, whereas others continue to drink and become worse over time? Addiction, 89, Moos, R. H., & Moos, B. S. (2004). Long-term influence of duration and frequency in participation in Alcoholics Anonymous on individuals with alcohol use disorders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72, Moos, R. H., & Moos, B. S. (2007). Protective resources and long-term recovery from alcohol-use disorders. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 86, Morgenstern, J., Labouvie, E., McCrady, B. S., Kahler, C. W., & Frey, R. M. (1997). Affiliation with Alcoholics Anonymous after treatment: A study of its therapeutic effects and mechanisms of action. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65,
14 Twelve-Step Involvement and Recovery 167 Nealon-Woods, M. A., Ferrari, J. R., & Jason, L. A. (1995). Twelve-step program use among Oxford House residents: Spirituality or social support in sobriety? Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 7, Owen, P. L., Slaymaker, V., Tonigan, J. S., McCrady, B. S., Epstein, E. E., Kaskutas, L. A., et al. (2003). Participation in Alcoholics Anonymous: Intended and unintended change mechanisms. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 27, doi: /01.ALC Oxford House, Inc. (2002). Oxford House manual. Silver Springs, MD: Author. Ritsher, J. B., McKellar, J. D., Finney, J. W., Otilingam, P. G., & Moos, R. H. (2002). Psychiatric comorbidity, continuing care, and mutual help as predictors of 5- year remission from substance use disorders. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 63, Robinson, A. R., Cranford, J. A., Webb, J. R., & Brower, K. J. (2007). Six-month changes in spirituality, religiousness, and heavy drinking in a treatment-seeking sample. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 68, Ross, A. A., Filstead, W. J., Parrella, D. P., & Rossi, J. J. (1994). A comparison of highrisk situations for alcohol and other drugs. American Journal of Addictions, 3, Staines, G., Magura, S., Rosenblum, A., Fong, C., Kosanke, N., Foote, J., et al. (2003). Predictors of drinking outcomes among alcoholics. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 29, Timko, C., & DeBenedetti, A. (2007). A randomized controlled trial of intensive referral to 12-step self-help groups: One-year outcomes. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 90, Tonigan, J. S., Connors, G. J., & Miller, W. R. (1998). Alcoholics Anonymous Involvement (AAI) scale: Reliability and norms. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 10, Vaillant, G. E. (1995). The natural history of alcoholism: Revisited. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Weiss, R. D., Griffin, M. L., Gallop, R. J., Najavits, L. M., Frank, A., Crits-Christoph, P., et al. (2005). The effect of 12-step self-help group attendance and participation on drug use outcomes among cocaine-dependent patients. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 77, Witbrodt, J., & Kaskutas, L. A. (2005). Does diagnosis matter? Differential effects of 12-step participation and social networks on abstinence. American Journal of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, 31, Zenmore, S. E., Kaskutas, L. A., & Ammon, L. N. (2004). In 12-step groups, helping helps the helper. Addiction, 99,
Special Populations in Alcoholics Anonymous. J. Scott Tonigan, Ph.D., Gerard J. Connors, Ph.D., and William R. Miller, Ph.D.
Special Populations in Alcoholics Anonymous J. Scott Tonigan, Ph.D., Gerard J. Connors, Ph.D., and William R. Miller, Ph.D. The vast majority of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) members in the United States are
More informationNational Addiction Centre, Maudsley Hospital/Institute of Psychiatry, King s College London, London, UK
RESEARCH REPORT doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.02050.x Attendance at Narcotics Anonymous and Alcoholics Anonymous meetings, frequency of attendance and substance use outcomes after residential treatment
More informationEffects of Distance to Treatment and Treatment Type on Alcoholics Anonymous Attendance and Subsequent Alcohol Consumption. Presenter Disclosure
Effects of Distance to Treatment and Treatment Type on Alcoholics Anonymous Attendance and Subsequent Alcohol Consumption Jamie L. Heisey, MA Katherine J. Karriker-Jaffe, PhD Jane Witbrodt, PhD Lee Ann
More informationOXFORD HOUSE: DEAF-AFFIRMATIVE SUPPORT
OXFORD HOUSE: DEAF-AFFIRMATIVE SUPPORT FOR SUBSTANCE ABUSE RECOVERY DEAF JOSEFINA ALVAREZ, ADERONKE M. ADEBANJO, MICHELLE K. DAVIDSON, LEONARD A. JASON, AND MARGARET I. DAVIS ALVAREZ IS A RESEARCH ASSOCIATE,
More informationSubstance Abuse in Brief Fact Sheet
An Introduction to Mutual Support Groups for Alcohol and Drug Abuse Mutual support (also called self-help) groups are an important part of recovery from substance use disorders (SUDs). Mutual support groups
More informationEffectiveness of Treatment The Evidence
Effectiveness of Treatment The Evidence The treatment programme at Castle Craig is based on the 12 Step abstinence model. This document describes the evidence for residential and 12 Step treatment programmes.
More informationThe relationship among alcohol use, related problems, and symptoms of psychological distress: Gender as a moderator in a college sample
Addictive Behaviors 29 (2004) 843 848 The relationship among alcohol use, related problems, and symptoms of psychological distress: Gender as a moderator in a college sample Irene Markman Geisner*, Mary
More informationIS ATTENDANCE AT ALCOHOLICS ANONYMOUS MEETINGS AFTER INPATIENT TREATMENT RELATED TO IMPROVED OUTCOMES? A 6-MONTH FOLLOW-UP STUDY
Alcohol & Alcoholism Vol. 38, No. 5, pp. 421 426, 2003 doi:10.1093/alcalc/agg104, available online at www.alcalc.oupjournals.org IS ATTENDANCE AT ALCOHOLICS ANONYMOUS MEETINGS AFTER INPATIENT TREATMENT
More informationAA - APA Webinar 5/2014 1
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF AA AND NA AND THEIR ROLE IN CLINICAL CARE Marc Galanter, M.D. Professor of Psychiatry and Director Division of Alcoholism and Drug Abuse NYU School of Medicine Dr. Galanter has no conflicts
More informationPII S0306-4603(97)00072-5 BRIEF REPORT
Pergamon Addictive Behaviors, Vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 537 541, 1998 Copyright 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd Printed in the USA. All rights reserved 0306-4603/98 $19.00.00 PII S0306-4603(97)00072-5 BRIEF REPORT
More informationTreatment of Alcohol Dependence With Psychological Approaches
Treatment of Alcohol Dependence With Psychological Approaches A broad range of psychological therapies and philosophies currently are used to treat alcoholism, as noted in a recent review (Miller et al.
More informationA randomized controlled trial of intensive referral to 12-step self-help groups: One-year outcomes
Drug and Alcohol Dependence 90 (2007) 270 279 A randomized controlled trial of intensive referral to 2-step self-help groups: One-year outcomes Christine Timko a,, Anna DeBenedetti b a Center for Health
More informationPublished Peer-Reviewed Oxford House Studies in Alcoholism and Drug Abuse Treatment and Prevention Publications with Full Length Books Noted in Bold
Published Peer-Reviewed Oxford House Studies in Alcoholism and Drug Abuse Treatment and Prevention Publications with Full Length Books Noted in Bold Ferrari, J.R., Stevens, E.B., & Jason, L.A. AN EXPLORATORY
More informationNIH Public Access Author Manuscript Am J Community Psychol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2010 March 25.
NIH Public Access Author Manuscript Published in final edited form as: Am J Community Psychol. 2008 September ; 42(1-2): 145 153. doi:10.1007/s10464-008-9190-z. A Longitudinal Analysis of Psychiatric Severity
More informationMutual help, recovery and addiction: A research and policy perspective
Mutual help, recovery and addiction: A research and policy perspective Presented 4 May 2012 to UK RCP Faculty of Addictions Cardiff, Wales Professor Keith Humphreys Veterans Affairs and Stanford University
More informationKeith Humphreys. Circles of Recovery: Mutual help Organizations for Substance Use Disorders
Circles of Recovery: Mutual help Organizations for Substance Use Disorders 31 March 2015 School of Social Service Administration University of Chicago Keith Humphreys Professor of Psychiatry, Stanford
More informationWomen, Alcoholics Anonymous, and Related Mutual Aid Groups: Review and Recommendations for Research
Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 30:443 486, 2012 Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ISSN: 0734-7324 print/1544-4538 online DOI: 10.1080/07347324.2012.718969 Women, Alcoholics Anonymous, and Related
More informationIntensive referral to 12-Step self-help groups and 6-month substance use disorder outcomes
Original Article Intensive referral to 12-Step self-help Christine Timko et al. RESEARCH REPORT doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2006.01391.x Intensive referral to 12-Step self-help groups and 6-month substance
More informationTreatment of Alcoholism
Treatment of Alcoholism Why is it important Prevents further to body by getting people off alcohol. Can prevent death. Helps keep health insurance down. Provides assistance so alcoholics don t t have to
More informationINDIVIDUALS WITH EXCESSIVE ALCOHOL INTAKE RECRUITED BY ADVERTISEMENT: DEMOGRAPHIC AND CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Alcohol & Alcoholism Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 200 204, 2006 Advance Access publication 28 November 2005 doi:10.1093/alcalc/agh244 INDIVIDUALS WITH EXCESSIVE ALCOHOL INTAKE RECRUITED BY ADVERTISEMENT: DEMOGRAPHIC
More informationThe Effect of Goal Setting on Marijuana Treatment Outcomes: the Role of Self-Efficacy. Brian E. Lozano
The Effect of Goal Setting on Marijuana Treatment Outcomes: the Role of Self-Efficacy Brian E. Lozano Thesis submitted to the faculty of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment
More informationMOBC Research Highlights Reel. Mitch Karno Mechanisms of Behavior Change Conference San Antonio, Texas June 20, 2015
MOBC Research Highlights Reel Mitch Karno Mechanisms of Behavior Change Conference San Antonio, Texas June 20, 2015 Starring -Change Talk -Attentional Bias -Self-Efficacy -Social Network -Craving Study
More informationThe Role of Mutual Help Groups in Extending the Framework of Treatment. John F. Kelly, Ph.D., and Julie D. Yeterian
The Role of Mutual Help Groups in Extending the Framework of Treatment John F. Kelly, Ph.D., and Julie D. Yeterian Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) are highly prevalent in the United States and often are chronic
More informationPERSPECTIVES ON DRUGS The role of psychosocial interventions in drug treatment
UPDATED 4.6.2015 PERSPECTIVES ON DRUGS The role of psychosocial interventions in drug treatment Psychosocial interventions are structured psychological or social interventions used to address substance-related
More informationSUBSTANCE ABUSE PSYCHO-EDUCATION AND TREATMENT. The Alcohol and Drug Education Program (ASAM Level 0.5)
SUBSTANCE ABUSE PSYCHO-EDUCATION AND TREATMENT Addiction as a major health problem which demands effective treatments of substance use disorders. Group therapy works well because it engages therapeutic
More informationRole of Self-help Group in Substance Addiction Recovery
International Journal of Advancements in Research & Technology, Volume 1, Issue6, November-2012 1 Role of Self-help Group in Substance Addiction Recovery Dr. Prangya Paramita Priyadarshini Das -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
More informationEffectiveness of Treatment Techniques for Substance Abuse in Occupational Therapy
Pacific University CommonKnowledge Mental Health CATs OT Critically Appraised Topics 1-1-2009 Effectiveness of Treatment Techniques for Substance Abuse in Occupational Therapy Kathleen O'Day Pacific University
More informationAbstract from the Journal of Alcohol and Clinical Experimental Research, 1987; 11 [5]: 416 23
I would like to state from the outset, that I have no concerns when it comes to questioning the efficacy of 12-step-based treatments in the treatment of addiction. However, I have great concern when the
More informationA briefing on the evidence-based drug and alcohol treatment guidance recommendations on mutual aid
A briefing on the evidence-based drug and alcohol treatment guidance recommendations on mutual aid A briefing on the evidence-based drug and alcohol treatment guidance recommendations on mutual aid About
More informationHigh effectiveness of self-help programs after drug addiction therapy
High effectiveness of self-help programs after drug addiction therapy John-Kåre Vederhus 1, Øistein Kristensen 1 1 Addiction Unit, Sørlandet Hospital, Kristiansand, Norway E-mail addresses: JKV: john-kare.vederhus@sshf.no
More informationComorbidity among Oxford House residents: A preliminary outcome study
Addictive Behaviors 27 (2002) 837 845 Comorbidity among Oxford House residents: A preliminary outcome study John M. Majer a, *, Leonard A. Jason a, Joseph R. Ferrari a, Carol S. North b a Department of
More informationActive ingredients of substance use-focused self-help groups
REVIEW doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.02111.x Active ingredients of substance use-focused self-help groups Rudolf H. Moos Center for Health Care Evaluation, Department of Veterans Affairs and Stanford University,
More informationPERSPECTIVES ON DRUGS The role of psychosocial interventions in drug treatment
UPDATED 31.5.2016 PERSPECTIVES ON DRUGS The role of psychosocial interventions in drug treatment Psychosocial interventions are structured psychological or social interventions used to address substance-related
More informationOncology Nursing Society Annual Progress Report: 2008 Formula Grant
Oncology Nursing Society Annual Progress Report: 2008 Formula Grant Reporting Period July 1, 2011 June 30, 2012 Formula Grant Overview The Oncology Nursing Society received $12,473 in formula funds for
More informationCurrent Models of Recovery Support Services: Where We Have Data and Where We Don t
Current Models of Recovery Support Services: Where We Have Data and Where We Don t Richard Rawson, Ph.D. Integrated Substance Abuse Programs University of California, Los Angeles 1. Define recovery Talk
More informationSelf-help organizations for alcohol and drug problems: Toward evidence-based practice and policy
Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 26 (2004) 151 158 Regular Article Self-help organizations for alcohol and drug problems: Toward evidence-based practice and policy Keith Humphreys, Ph.D.*, Stephen
More informationPatient Satisfaction Scores
Patient Satisfaction Scores FRN Research Report September 2013 Introduction There are good reasons for health care stakeholders to value patient satisfaction scores. Satisfaction data provide important
More informationYOUNG ADULTS IN DUAL DIAGNOSIS TREATMENT: COMPARISON TO OLDER ADULTS AT INTAKE AND POST-TREATMENT
YOUNG ADULTS IN DUAL DIAGNOSIS TREATMENT: COMPARISON TO OLDER ADULTS AT INTAKE AND POST-TREATMENT Siobhan A. Morse, MHSA, CRC, CAI, MAC Director of Fidelity and Research Foundations Recovery Network YOUNG
More informationMutual Help Organizations, Recovery from Addiction and the Future of Addiction Research
Mutual Help Organizations, Recovery from Addiction and the Future of Addiction Research Conference on Challenges of Addiction Research 9-10 September 2013 Zurich, Switzerland KEITH HUMPHREYS VETERANS AFFAIRS
More informationKey Questions to Consider when Seeking Substance Abuse Treatment
www.ccsa.ca www.cclt.ca Frequently Asked Questions Key Questions to Consider when Seeking Substance Abuse Treatment The Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse (CCSA) has developed this document to address
More informationFRN Research Report March 2011: Correlation between Patient Relapse and Mental Illness Post-Treatment
FRN Research Report March 2011: Correlation between Patient Relapse and Mental Illness Post-Treatment Background Studies show that more than 50% of patients who have been diagnosed with substance abuse
More informationParticipation in Treatment and Alcoholics Anonymous: A 16-Year Follow-Up of Initially Untreated Individuals
Participation in Treatment and Alcoholics Anonymous: A 16-Year Follow-Up of Initially Untreated Individuals Rudolf H. Moos and Bernice S. Moos Center for Health Care Evaluation, Department of Veterans
More informationWritten Example for Research Question: How is caffeine consumption associated with memory?
Guide to Writing Your Primary Research Paper Your Research Report should be divided into sections with these headings: Abstract, Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion, and References. Introduction:
More informationFRN Research Report August 2011 Patient Outcomes and Relapse Prevention Up to One Year Post- Treatment at La Paloma Treatment Center
Page 1 FRN Research Report August 2011 Patient Outcomes and Relapse Prevention Up to One Year Post- Treatment at La Paloma Treatment Center Background La Paloma Treatment Center offers state-of-the art
More informationOnline publication date: 19 May 2010 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE
This article was downloaded by: [Patterson, David A.] On: 19 May 2010 Access details: Access Details: [subscription number 922426156] Publisher Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered
More informationProgram Plan for the Delivery of Treatment Services
Standardized Model for Delivery of Substance Use Services Attachment 5: Nebraska Registered Service Provider s Program Plan for the Delivery of Treatment Services Nebraska Registered Service Provider s
More informationDarrin M. Aase a, Leonard A. Jason b, Joseph R. Ferrari c, Yan Li c & Greg Scott d. Published online: 12 Jun 2013.
This article was downloaded by: [Greg Scott] On: 13 June 2013, At: 00:48 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41
More informationPLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE
This article was downloaded by: [New York University] On: 13 October 2009 Access details: Access Details: [subscription number 784375604] Publisher Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales
More information12 Steps to Changing Neuropathways. Julie Denton
12 Steps to Changing Neuropathways Julie Denton Review the neurobiology of the brain Understand the basics of neurological damage to the brain from addiction Understand how medications and psychotherapy
More informationAffiliation With Alcoholics Anonymous After Treatment: A Study of Its Therapeutic Effects and Mechanisms of Action
Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1997. Vol. 65. No. 5, 768-777 Copyrighl 1997 by the American Psychological Association, Inc. 0022-OC6X/97/I3.00 Affiliation With Alcoholics Anonymous After
More informationRelapse prevention planning: Findings from investigations of SMART Recovery participants
Relapse prevention planning: Findings from investigations of SMART Recovery participants Deirdre O Sullivan, PhD, CRC Justin Watts, MEd Yi Xiao, MEd The Pennsylvania State University Department of Educational
More informationAmerican Society of Addiction Medicine
American Society of Addiction Medicine Public Policy Statement on Treatment for Alcohol and Other Drug Addiction 1 I. General Definitions of Addiction Treatment Addiction Treatment is the use of any planned,
More informationHow To Stop A Destructive Cycle Through Behavioral Couples Therapy
Couple Therapy ROLE OF BEHAVIORAL COUPLE THERAPY IN TREATMENT OF SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS MYRTO MIA MCNEIL, RN, BSN,DNP (C) Learning Objectives At the end of this presentation the participant will be able
More informationMaximize treatment completion and abstinence for individuals with drug and/or alcohol dependencies, and connect them to follow-up treatment services.
Substance Abuse Residential Treatment and Detox Care Coordination BHD/SA Joe Bullock, x4974; Nancie Connolly, x5018 Program Purpose Maximize treatment completion and abstinence for individuals with drug
More informationTHE 12 STEP PROGRAMS. History of AA. Why the 12-Step Programs? CORE COMPETENCIES FOR THE CLINICIAN TREATING ADDICTIVE DISORDERS
THE 12 STEP PROGRAMS CORE COMPETENCIES FOR THE CLINICIAN TREATING ADDICTIVE DISORDERS Why the 12-Step Programs? They really work! The spiritual approach of AA and NA has helped millions of alcoholics and
More informationRunning head: COMPARING OUTCOMES FOR ALCOHOL AND DRUG CLIENTS
Running head: COMPARING OUTCOMES FOR ALCOHOL AND DRUG CLIENTS Comparing outcomes for alcohol and drug abuse clients: A 6-month follow-up of clients who completed a residential treatment program. J Subst
More informationComparison of Extended Versus Brief Treatments for Marijuana Use.
Stephens, R.S., Roffman, R.A., & Curtin, L. (2000). Comparison of extended versus brief treatments for marijuana use. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 898-908. American Psychological
More informationStatewide Medicaid Managed Care Program Healthy Behaviors Program Description
Part I. Program Overview Plan Name Program Name Brief Description of Program Preferred Medical Plan (PMP) Healthy Behaviors Program Alcohol and Substance Abuse Program Summary: In collaboration with Psychcare,
More informationNarcotics Anonymous: A Commitment to Community Partnerships
Reprinted from: NA.org Narcotics Anonymous: In Cooperation with Therapeutic Communities Worldwide Narcotics Anonymous: A Commitment to Community Partnerships A presentation to the International Council
More informationAN OVERVIEW OF TREATMENT MODELS
AN OVERVIEW OF TREATMENT MODELS The 12-step Programs: Self-led groups that focus on the individual s achievement of sobriety. These groups are independent, self-supported, and are not aligned with any
More information1.0 Abstract. Title: Real Life Evaluation of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Canadians taking HUMIRA. Keywords. Rationale and Background:
1.0 Abstract Title: Real Life Evaluation of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Canadians taking HUMIRA Keywords Rationale and Background: This abbreviated clinical study report is based on a clinical surveillance
More informationPhoenix House. Outpatient Treatment Services for Adults in Los Angeles and Orange Counties
Phoenix House Outpatient Treatment Services for Adults in Los Angeles and Orange Counties Phoenix House s outpatient programs offer comprehensive and professional clinical services that include intervention,
More informationCocaine Dependence and Psychotherapy
Category: Cocaine Title: A National Evaluation of Treatment Outcomes for Cocaine Dependence Authors: D. Dwayne Simpson, PhD, George W. Joe, EdD, Bennett W. Fletcher, PhD, Robert L. Hubbard, PhD, M. Douglas
More informationHealth Care Service System in Thailand for Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder
Health Care Service System in Thailand for Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder Health Care Service System In Thailand Screening for alcohol use disorder and withdrawal syndrome AUDIT MAST CAGE CIWA or AWS
More informationKeith Humphreys, Ph.D.
Professional Interventions That Facilitate 12-Step Self-Help Group Involvement Keith Humphreys, Ph.D. Facilitating patients involvement with 12-step self-help organizations, such as Alcoholics Anonymous
More informationEffectiveness of positive psychology training in the increase of hardiness of female headed households
Effectiveness of positive psychology training in the increase of hardiness of female headed households 1,2, Ghodsi Ahghar* 3 1.Department of counseling, Khozestan Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad
More informationSuggested APA style reference:
Suggested APA style reference: Parks, G. A., & Woodford, M. S. (2005). CHOICES about alcohol: A brief alcohol abuse prevention and harm reduction program for college students. In G. R. Walz & R. K. Yep
More informationRunning head: ASPERGER S AND SCHIZOID 1. A New Measure to Differentiate the Autism Spectrum from Schizoid Personality Disorder
Running head: ASPERGER S AND SCHIZOID 1 A New Measure to Differentiate the Autism Spectrum from Schizoid Personality Disorder Peter D. Marle, Camille S. Rhoades, and Frederick L. Coolidge University of
More informationThe Self-Regulation Questionnaire (SRQ)
The Self-egulation Questionnaire (SQ) Self-regulation is the ability to develop, implement, and flexibly maintain planned behavior in order to achieve one's goals. Building on the foundational work of
More informationPARTICIPANT ORIENTATION COURSE
a monitoring and recovery program for nurses PARTICIPANT ORIENTATION COURSE C R E AT E D B Y R O B I N A. L E W I S, E d D, M S N, F N P - B C, R N R E V I S E D B Y S A N D R A H U D S O N, R N, B S N,
More informationAfrican American Women and Substance Abuse: Current Findings
African American Women and Substance Abuse: Current Findings Based on the work of Amelia Roberts, Ph.D. Assistant Professor, UNC School of Social Work and Iris Carleton-LeNay, Ph.D. Professor, UNC School
More informationAdolescents, Young Adults and Recovery Support Groups: Science-grounded Principles for Probation Officers. William L. White, MA
Adolescents, Young Adults and Recovery Support Groups: Science-grounded Principles for Probation Officers William L. White, MA Every one seems to have an opinion about the need for or appropriateness of
More informationBRIEF REPORT A COMPARISON OF MOTIVES FOR MARIJUANA AND ALCOHOL USE AMONG EXPERIENCED USERS
Pergamon Addictive Behaviors, Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 153 160, 2000 Copyright 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd Printed in the USA. All rights reserved 0306-4603/00/$ see front matter PII S0306-4603(98)00104-X BRIEF
More informationinformation for consumers Schizophrenia & Substance Use
information for consumers Schizophrenia & Substance Use Schizophrenia and Substance Use Index 2 3 4 5 6 7 Why do people with schizophrenia use drugs and alcohol? How can using substances affect you if
More informationPLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE. Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.informaworld.com/terms-and-conditions-of-access.pdf
This article was downloaded by: [Brown University] On: 9 April 2010 Access details: Access Details: [subscription number 784168974] Publisher Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered
More informationDual Diagnosis Recovery Program The Handbook for Recovery
Dual Diagnosis Recovery Program The Handbook for Recovery Outpatient mental health and substance abuse / addictive behaviors services for adolescents, young adults, and adults Living better today and finding
More informationOverview of the Breaking Free research and evaluation programme. Based on the MRC framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions
Overview of the Breaking Free research and evaluation programme Based on the MRC framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions June 2015 1 Overview of the Breaking Free research and evaluation
More informationTweaking 12-Step : the potential role of 12-Step self-help group involvement in methamphetamine recovery
REPORT Tweaking 12-Step : the potential role of 12-Step self-help group involvement in methamphetamine recovery Dennis M. Donovan 1,2 & Elizabeth A. Wells 3 Alcohol and Drug Abuse Institute, University
More informationPhysicians in Long Term Recovery Who Are Members of Alcoholics Anonymous
The American Journal on Addictions, 22: 323 328, 2013 Copyright American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry ISSN: 1055-0496 print / 1521-0391 online DOI: 10.1111/j.1521-0391.2013.12051.x Physicians in Long
More informationChester County Drug & Alcohol Services Map
START Call 911 Yes Chester County Drug & Alcohol Services Map Are you in a lifethreatening situation/ condition (medical or psychiatric)? Yes Do you need ambulance assistance? No Go to the nearest hospital/er
More informationHave we evaluated addiction treatment correctly? Implications from a chronic care perspective
EDITORIAL Have we evaluated addiction treatment correctly? Implications from a chronic care perspective The excellent reviews of alcohol treatment outcomes and methods for evaluating and comparing treatment
More informationDRAFT Metropolitan Detention Center (MDC) DWI Addiction Treatment Programs (ATP) Outcome Study Final Report UPDATED
DRAFT Metropolitan Detention Center (MDC) DWI Addiction Treatment Programs (ATP) Outcome Study Final Report UPDATED Prepared for: The DWI Addiction Treatment Programs (ATP) Metropolitan Detention Center
More informationAlcoholics Anonymous and other 12-step programmes for alcohol dependence (Review)
Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12-step programmes for alcohol dependence (Review) Ferri M, Amato L, Davoli M This is a reprint of a Cochrane review, prepared and maintained by The Cochrane Collaboration
More informationRoutes. Executive Summary. dmri
Routes dmri Research On Understanding Treatment Experiences & Services Executive Summary Good practice in working with family members affected by drug problems: disseminating and evaluating a model and
More informationINVESTIGATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY TRAINING ON INCREASED HARDINESS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING
INVESTIGATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY TRAINING ON INCREASED HARDINESS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING *Zahra Gholami Ghareh Shiran 1, Ghodsi Ahghar 2, Afshin Ahramiyan 3, Afsaneh Boostan
More informationMultivariate Analysis of Variance. The general purpose of multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) is to determine
2 - Manova 4.3.05 25 Multivariate Analysis of Variance What Multivariate Analysis of Variance is The general purpose of multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) is to determine whether multiple levels
More informationDo patient intervention ratings predict alcohol-related consequences?
Addictive Behaviors 32 (2007) 3136 3141 Short communication Do patient intervention ratings predict alcohol-related consequences? Christina S. Lee a,, Richard Longabaugh a, Janette Baird b, Ana M. Abrantes
More informationWilliam P. Campbell IV, PhD Clinical Psychologist
William P. Campbell IV, PhD Clinical Psychologist Contact Information Business Address Behavior Therapy Associates, LLC 9426 Indian School NE Albuquerque, New Mexico 87112 Office Phone (505) 345-6100 Fax
More informationThe Effectiveness of Marlatt s Cognitive- Behavioral Intervention and. Group Treatment Based on Change
Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Marlatt s cognitive-behavioral intervention and group treatment based on change stages in recovery and relapse rates in male
More informationSpirituality-Based Recovery From Drug Addiction in the Twelve-Step Fellowship of Narcotics Anonymous
ORIGINAL RESEARCH Spirituality-Based Recovery From Drug Addiction in the Twelve-Step Fellowship of Narcotics Anonymous Marc Galanter, MD, Helen Dermatis, PhD, Stephen Post, PhD, and Cristal Sampson, BA
More informationChapter 7. Screening and Assessment
Chapter 7 Screening and Assessment Screening And Assessment Starting the dialogue and begin relationship Each are sizing each other up Information gathering Listening to their story Asking the questions
More informationThe Importance and Impact of Nursing Informatics Competencies for Baccalaureate Nursing Students and Registered Nurses
IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science (IOSR-JNHS) e-issn: 2320 1959.p- ISSN: 2320 1940 Volume 5, Issue 1 Ver. IV (Jan. - Feb. 2016), PP 20-25 www.iosrjournals.org The Importance and Impact of Nursing
More informationA PROSPECTIVE EVALUATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN REASONS FOR DRINKING AND DSM-IV ALCOHOL-USE DISORDERS
Pergamon Addictive Behaviors, Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 41 46, 1998 Copyright 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd Printed in the USA. All rights reserved 0306-4603/98 $19.00.00 PII S0306-4603(97)00015-4 A PROSPECTIVE
More informationCHRONIC PAIN AND RECOVERY CENTER
CHRONIC PAIN AND RECOVERY CENTER Exceptional Care in an Exceptional Setting Silver Hill Hospital is an academic affiliate of Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry. SILVER HILL HOSPITAL
More informationMotivational intervention to enhance post-detoxification 12-Step group affiliation: a randomized controlled trial
bs_bs_banner RESEARCH REPORT doi:10.1111/add.12471 Motivational intervention to enhance post-detoxification 12-Step group affiliation: a randomized controlled trial John-Kåre Vederhus 1, Christine Timko
More information1. Is the staff made up of a variety of professionals?
Dual Diagnosis 1. Is the staff made up of a variety of professionals? Every parent wants to ensure that their child receives the best care possible. A good first step is to check the licenses and degrees
More informationCourses Descriptions. Courses Generally Taken in Program Year One
Courses Descriptions Courses Generally Taken in Program Year One PSY 602 (3 credits): Native Ways of Knowing Covers the appropriate and valid ways of describing and explaining human behavior by using the
More informationAPPENDIX C HALFWAY HOUSE PROGRAM PROFILES
APPENDIX C HALFWAY HOUSE PROGRAM PROFILES Alternatives Agency Inc. Alternatives Agency is a Halfway House located in Cleveland, Ohio. This facility serves adult males and females who are county probationers,
More informationSOCIAL WORK RESEARCH ON INTERVENTIONS FOR ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE MISUSE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
SOCIAL WORK RESEARCH ON INTERVENTIONS FOR ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE MISUSE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE By: Christine Kim Cal State University, Long Beach May 2014 INTRODUCTION Substance use among
More informationresearch/scientific includes the following: statistical hypotheses: you have a null and alternative you accept one and reject the other
1 Hypothesis Testing Richard S. Balkin, Ph.D., LPC-S, NCC 2 Overview When we have questions about the effect of a treatment or intervention or wish to compare groups, we use hypothesis testing Parametric
More information