ADMIRALTY CASES AND MATERIALS. Jo DESHA LUCAS Late Arnold I. Shure Professor of Urban Law, Emeritus University of Chicago

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1 CASES AND MATERIALS ADMIRALTY SIXTH EDITION by Jo DESHA LUCAS Late Arnold I. Shure Professor of Urban Law, Emeritus University of Chicago RANDALL D. SCHMIDT Clinical Professor of Law University of Chicago FOUNDATION PRESS THOMSON

2 SUMMARY OF CONTENTS TABLE OF v xxv PART I Admiralty and Maritime Jurisdiction and 1 CHAPTER 1 Introduction 2 CHAPTER 2 Navigable Waters of the United States 20 A. Present Navigability in Fact 20 B. Determination of Navigability 29 C. Regulation of Navigable 34 CHAPTER 3 Locality and Subject Matter in Determining Jurisdic 40 A. Jurisdiction in 1. General Rule Mixed Contracts Contracts to Repair Vessels Uniquely Maritime Contracts Shipbuilding Contracts Agency 7. Contracts to Buy or Sell a Vessel - B. Jurisdiction in Tort Cases Maritime Maritime The Admiralty Extension Act of C. Criminal D. Jurisdiction in Prize Cases E. The Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act 132 F. Amount in Controversy in Admiralty 135 CHAPTER 4 Vessels and Jurisdiction 136 CHAPTER 5 Admiralty Jurisdiction and Federalism 152 A. The Saving to Suitors B. Statutory The Death on the High Seas Act The Limitation of Liability Suits Against the United States The Ship Mortgage Act of

Contracts to Repair Vessels 61 4. Uniquely Maritime Contracts 66 5. Shipbuilding Contracts 69 6. Agency 7. Contracts to Buy or Sell a Vessel - B. Jurisdiction in Tort Cases 92 1. Maritime 92 2.

3 viii SUMMARY OF CONTENTS C. Supplemental 1. Joinder of Claims Against the Same Third Party Practice - 4. Joinder of Parties D. Removal E. Limitations on Remedies in 190 CHAPTER 6 Admiralty Jurisdiction and the Federal Judicial Sys- 201 CHAPTER 7 Jurisdiction in Rem; In Personam; Attachments in the Admiralty 243 A. Jurisdiction in Arrest 2. Notice and Notice to Lienors; Security; Release; 263 B. Attachment and 270 C. Personal 1. Service on an Long Arm Jurisdiction 291 CHAPTER 8 Venue in Suits in Admiralty 300 A. Note on Venue in Admiralty and Maritime 300 B. Forum Non 304 C. Note on Forum Selection Agreements CHAPTER 9 Appeals in Suits in Admiralty 317 CHAPTER 10 Suits Against the Government 322 A. Suits Against the United States 322 B. Note on Suits Against the State 371 C. Note on Suits Against State Agencies and Municipal Corporations 372 D. Note on Suits Against Foreign States 372 PART II Substantive Law of the Admiralty 375 CHAPTER Sources of the Substantive Law 376 A. Sea Law as a Body of International Custom; The Codes and the Text Writers 376 B. The Common Law as a Source of Maritime Substantive Law 390 C. Problems of Federalism; State Courts and Federal Rights; Federal Courts and State Rights 398

Arrest 2. Notice and 261 3. Notice to Lienors; 262 4. Security; Release; 263 B. Attachment and 270 C. Personal 1. Service on an 288 2.

4 SUMMARY OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 12 The Maritime Lien. 431 A. Origin and Nature of the Maritime Introductory Nature of Maritime Liens on 3. Liens on 457 B. Transactions Importing The Mariner's Lien for Liens Arising Out of Contracts of 3. Shipowners' Lien for Charter 4. Liens for Repairs, Supplies and Other Preferred Ship Mortgages 6. Tort Liens Other Transactions Giving Rise to Maritime Liens Under State 9. Advances and Liens by C. Priority of Liens D. Extinguishment of Destruction of the Res 2. Judicial Sale Release of Vessel on 4. Reduction of Claim to Judgment in Waiver 6. Laches 7. Foreclosure of Maritime Liens After Initiation of Insolvency CHAPTER 13 Carriage of Passengers- 596 CHAPTER 14 Carriage of Goods A. Contracts of 1. Common and Private 2. Charter Parties Bills of Lading 5. The Multimodal The Harter Act C. Coverage of Harter D. Carrier's Care and Custody of E. Excepted Act of 2. Perils of the Sea--

Other Transactions Giving Rise to Maritime 528 8. Liens Under State 9. Advances and Liens by C. Priority of Liens D. Extinguishment of 562 1. Destruction of the Res 2. Judicial Sale 564 3.

5 SUMMARY OF CONTENTS 3. Fire Errors in Other Causes Without Fault or Neglect - F. Damages; Limitation G. Deviation H. Hamburg, Rotterdam and Beyond; The Prospect of Revi CHAPTER 15 Salvage - - A. Property the Subject of B. Salvage Situations: The Necessity for Indirect or Incidental 776 D. The Voluntary Nature of Salvage 778 E. Acts Constituting Salvage 789 F. The Requirement of G. Conduct Forfeiting a Salvage Award- H. Rival Salvors 802 I. Amount of Award; Distribution; Life Salvage; Protecting the Environment - J. Salvage - K. Abandoned Property: The Law of Finds 825 CHAPTER 16 General Average 827 A. General Average B. Imminent 839 C Common Adventure D. Peril the Result of 848 E. Extraordinary Expense as General Average F. Note on Salvage Expenses and General 864 CHAPTER 17 Collision A. Fault 868 Inscrutable Fault and the Inevitable Accident The Rules of Navigation The Rule of the Pennsylvania Supervening Negligence, The Major-Minor Fault Rule, and the Last Clear Chance Errors in 891 B. 1. Computation of Apportionment of Damages, The Moieties Rule Abrogation of the Moieties Rule 921

The Voluntary Nature of Salvage 778 E. Acts Constituting Salvage 789 F. The Requirement of G. Conduct Forfeiting a Salvage Award- H. Rival Salvors 802 I.

6 SUMMARY OF CONTEXTS CHAPTER 18 Tort Law in General 931 CHAPTER 19 Maritime Law of Industrial Accidents A Who is a Seaman- 2. The Traditional Seamen's Remedies Maintenance and Cure 4. The Warranty of Action for Negligence Under the Jones Remedies of Government B. Longshoremen and Harbor 1. Historical Note The Longshore and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act - CHAPTER 20 Death 1148 CHAPTER 21 Limitation of Liability A. Vessels B. Owners C. Limitable Claims 1. Debts and 2. Personal Contracts D. Privity or Individuals E. Limitation 1. Amount of the Fund Issues Triable in a Limitation 3. Limitation and the Savings 4. Limitations in Limitation Proceedings CHAPTER 22 Admiralty and Oil Pollution A. Jurisdiction in General B. Punitive Damages- C. Note on Limitation of Liability in Water Pollution 1299 INDEX 1301

The Longshore and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act - CHAPTER 20 Death 1148 CHAPTER 21 Limitation of Liability-. 1167 A. Vessels B. Owners C. Limitable Claims 1. Debts and 2. Personal Contracts D.

United States Admiralty Law

United States Admiralty Law by Gerard J. Mangone KLUWER LAW INTERNATIONAL THE HAGUE / LONDON / BOSTON TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD xiii CHAPTER 1 A BRIEF HISTORY OF ADMIRALTY LAW 1. Why Maritime Law? 1 2.