Strategic planning of wind farms in relation to environmental issues
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1 Strategic planning of wind farms in relation to environmental issues Niels-Erik Clausen, DTU Wind Energy Danish Wind Industry annual event and DFFV Conference
2 Agenda Planning for wind energy on land Planning for wind energy offshore What is marine spatial planning? Benefits of marine spatial planning 2 DTU Wind Energy
3 Environmental permitting for wind The noble art of obtaining environmental permission in the jungle of local and global rules, directives, conventions and stakeholders - within a reasonable time and budget 3 DTU Wind Energy
4 Conventions and directives 4 DTU Wind Energy
5 Environmental Impact Assessment Legislative basis for planning and EIA in DK (extract) Planloven (1027 of ) Planning Act of Denmark Miljøbeskyttelseslov (1757 of 22. dec ) Environmental Protect. Law Lov om vedvarende energi (1392 of ) Renewable Energy Law Naturbeskyttelseslov (nr. 933 af ) Nature Protection Law VVM vejledning ( ) EIA procedure Vindmøllecirkulære ( ) WTG order Vejledning til circ ( ) Guideline to WTG order.. Støjbekendtgørelse (1284 of ) Noise from wind turbines Luftfartslov (731 of ) Aviation law Nettilslutning og pristillæg (1063 of ) Grid connection order Typegodkendelse af vindmøller (651 of ) Type approval basis 5 DTU Wind Energy Full list contains > 80 laws
6 Environmental Impact Assessment An environmental impact assessment (EIA) is an assessment of the possible impacts that a proposed project may have on the environment, consisting of the environmental, social and economic aspects. The EIA-report serves a dual purpose: 1. Anticipate the effect of a proposed wind farm on a specific area, (technical assessment) and 2. To ensure that all affected parties, from the authorities to various organisations and the general public, obtain a real insight into the character and extent of the project in question (information to stakeholders) 6 DTU Wind Energy
7 DK Wind energy planning: Authorities Offshore: Ministry of Climate, Energy & Building - The Energy Agency Land based < 150 m: The 98 Municipalities Land based > 150 m: Ministry of Environment Danish Nature Agency Offshore Land based 7 DTU Wind Energy
8 From centralised to distributed system From 15 power plants to 415 CHP and 5000 wind turbines Graphics: Gehrke, Infrastructures for power system integration and control of small distributed energy resources, Risø DTU PhD Thesis DTU Wind Energy
9 Land based planning in Denmark Since 2007 the planning authority in Denmark is the local Municipality where the wind farm is to be placed assisted by the Danish Wind Turbine Secretariat (under the Ministry of Environment) The Secretariat provides technical assistance to most of the Municipalities in Denmark (86 out of 98 Municipalities). There are two steps here: 1. Identification and planning of dedicated areas for wind 2. Application for a particular project One-stop-shop principle 9 DTU Wind Energy
10 Planning on land Initially case by case planning wild west.now 1. Strategic planning allocating areas for wind 2. Detailed planning for a particular project within an allocated area 10 DTU Wind Energy
11 Two steps in planning process 11 DTU Wind Energy Source:
12 Identification of areas for wind Example Ringkøbing 12 DTU Wind Energy
13 Application from a developer Legislation calls for a minimum distance between a wind turbine and the nearest house, a defined level that the noise must not exceed, and various other demands that relate to the protection of citizens, the open land, nature, landscape, agricultural interests and cultural items of historic value. We have three types of good places for wind turbines: Symbolic locations: We want to give a statement Good places: Near industrial, infrastructure etc. No-neighbour locations (few in Denmark) 13 DTU Wind Energy
14 EIA procedure in Denmark Ansøgning til regionplanmyndighed Møller > 80m Antal > 3 Screening Ikke VVM pligtig Offentliggørelse med klagevejledning VVM pligt = Public Idéfase VVM redegørelse Vedtagelse af regionplan, kommuneplan og lokalplan Offentlig høring min 8 uger Behandling af indkomne forslag EIA = VVM in Danish Offentliggørelse med klagevejledning 14 DTU Wind Energy VVM tilladelse og byggetilladelse
15 Spatial planning at sea? 15 DTU Wind Energy
16 Marine spatial planning UNESCO DTU Wind Energy
17 17 DTU Wind Energy
18 Integrating sector wise planning 18 DTU Wind Energy
19 Goods and services from the sea 19 DTU Wind Energy
20 Benefits of marine spatial planning ECONOMICAL Provides greater access and certainty to private sector when it plans new investments Identifies areas of compatible uses for development Reduces conflicts among incompatible uses and between uses and nature Streamlines permitting Promotes efficient use of resources and space and reduces cumulative impact on marine environment 20 DTU Wind Energy
21 Benefits of marine spatial planning ENVIRONMENTAL Identifies areas of biological or ecological importance and reduces risk of conflict with development Enables biodiversity objectives to be at heart of marine spatial planning and management Ensures space for biodiversity and nature conservation Provides context for network of marine protected areas 21 DTU Wind Energy
22 Marine spatial planning Germany BSH.de 22 DTU Wind Energy
23 Offshore wind strategic planning DK (ENS) 23 DTU Wind Energy
24 Diagram fra DHI pres Offshore EIA process in Denmark 24 DTU Wind Energy
25 Marine spatial planning in the EU A framework for marine spatial planning in the EU waters Work in progress. 2013/0074(COD) first reading of the EU Parliament 12/12/2013 Scope: The Parliament want the framework for maritime spatial planning to involve integrated coastal management 25 DTU Wind Energy
26 Summary With increased deployment of wind energy on land spatial planning has proven beneficial Now the time has come spatial planning at sea? 26 DTU Wind Energy
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