BIOGASS11. Biogas in Denmark - status and framework conditions

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1 BIOGASS11 Biogas in Denmark - status and framework conditions Lars Rohold

2 Biogas as renewable energy in EU In relation to the objective of 20 to 30% renewable energy in the EU there is a long way before biogas becomes more common to use as energy source. We are here!!! Source: European Environmental Agency 2

3 Renewable energy in Denmark Heat pumps Waste Biogas Wood Straw Wind

4 Biogas in the Danish Energy System Biogas is a Small player Renewable energy is depending on political will Competition with other RE, Combustion and wind energy.

5 Renewable energy in Denmark Heat pumps Waste Biogas Wood Straw Wind 11

6 Central biogas plants in Denmark Endeavour of the Danish Energy Authorities: About 20 central biogas plants were built in the late 80s and early 90s. They represent a total unique international reference Nordic BIoEnergy Reference plant

7 Number of plants 21 centralized biogas plants 60 farm scale biogas plants Danish biogas plants Joint and farmscale biogas plants 2003 Manure Organic residues Total t t t

8 Linkogas A.m.b.a years experience in operation of biogas plants Co-operative owned by 60 farmers Liquid biomass and Raw Slurry Methan for heat and electricity Digested biomass Storage tank Tank Solid Biomass

9 Linkogas A.m.b.a Cattle slurry 275 tonnes/day 100,000 tonnes/year Pig slurry 165 tonnes/day 60,000 tonnes/year Other biomass 110 tonnes/day 40,000 tonnes/year Totally 550 tonnes/day 200,000 tonnes/year Biogas production 6.4 mill. Nm 3 /year Digester capacity (3 x 2400 m 3 ) 7200 m 3 Process temperature (thermophilic) 52 C Post-digestion capacity 2400 m 3 Post-digestion temperature 49 C Gas storage capacity 5000 m 3 Utilisation of biogas Gas engines 2 x 1 MW, CHP-generation + gas boiler Biomass transport vehicle 1 x 20 m 3 and 2 x 30 m 3 vacuum tankers Average transport distance 5-10 km Contractor Krüger Ltd. / BIOSCAN A/S Engineering BIOSCAN A/S Operation start-up/rebuilt 1990/1999 9

10 Co-digestion Manure Organic waste Biogas Plant Digested biomass Renewable energy

11 Biogas Potential for selected types of biomass Biomass Gaspot. TS% Pig/Cattle Manure m 3 /ton 5 10% Slaughter house Waste 50 m 3 /ton 15% Conc. Manure 70 m 3 /ton 25% Energy Crops (In general) 150 m 3 /ton 33% Maize Silage/Corn Silage 200 m 3 /ton 33% Wheat Straw 400 m 3 /ton 90% Pure Fat 1000 m 3 /ton % Biofuel residuals Ethanol Effluent (wheat) m 3 /ton 12% Glycerin (from Biodiesel) 600 m 3 /ton ---

12 Danish energy sector From centralized power plants to decentralized production Centralized production in the mid 80 s Legend: Decentralized CHP Centralized CHP Wind mill park Decentralized production of today

13 Danish Political Model Biogas to Decentralized CHP for heat and power production Subsidized by the electricity producer Utilization of heat in the district heating (Only one costumer and only one integration )

14 kg CO2eq per ton biomass Advantages of biogas plants Greenhouse gas reduction Efficient heat and power: 220 % transportation: 167 % Cheap 0 to 5 CAD Fossil fuel substitution CO2 eq Methane N2O

15 Advantages of biogas plants Greenhouse gas reduction Utilisation of organic waste Win-win situation increased gas production tipping fee reduced costs for industry new types of biomass: energy crops animal by-products glycerine from biodiesel Type of waste Tonnes Gut and stomach content Fat / flotation sludge Feeding factories Fish industry Fruit and vegetables 3600 Breweries 800 Bakeries 1900 Dairies Pectin industry 7000 Bleech earth Tanneries 2300 Pharmaceutical industry Concentrated fat waste 2600 Waste from water supply 1600 Other industrial waste Sewage sludge Household and catering waste Total Joint biogas plants 2002

16 Advantages of biogas plants Greenhouse gas reduction Utilisation of organic waste Redistribution of manure 10 km from livestock farmers to plant producers farm to field tractors to lorries km distance

17 Advantages of biogas plants Greenhouse gas reduction Utilisation of organic waste Redistribution of manure Organic fertiliser declarated nutrient content free of pathogens and weed seeds Kg/ton Total N: 5,0 NH4-N: 4,0 P: 0,9 K: 2,8

18 Advantages of biogas plants Greenhouse gas reduction Utilisation of organic waste Wind direction Raw manure Digested manure Redistribution of manure Organic fertiliser Smell from slurry reduced 5 minutes thinner liquid disperses quicker into soil 12 hours

19 Advantages of biogas plants Greenhouse gas reduction Utilisation of organic waste Utilisation of Nitrogen in winter wheat Redistribution of manure 100 Organic fertiliser Smell from slurry reduced 70 Improved nitrogen utilisation Reduced risk of leaching 40 Separation of digested biomass low technology net energy surplus 0 Cattle slurry Pig slurry Digested slurry Liquid fraction

20 Biomass potential in Denmark Overall inventory shows that there is enough biomass to hundreds of biogas plants Year 2001 Year 2002 Year 2003 Year 2004 Manure 26,0 0,61 0,70 0,85 0,91 Municipal WW sludge 4,0 0,86 0,87 0,87 0,83 Industrial waste, DK 2,5 0,59 0,67 0,80 0,86 Industrial waste, imported 0,0 0,40 0,45 0,55 0,65 Meat and bone animal waste 2,0 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 Household waste 2,5 0,03 0,05 0,07 0,03 Garden- and park waste 1,0 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 Landfield gas 1,0 0,56 0,62 0,44 0,46 Total 39,0 3,05 3,36 3,58 3,74 (All values in TJ) 20

21 Political Energy Settlement (2004) Energiforlig giver fremtidstro for biogas Fredag 2. april 2004 Med regeringens energiforlig i denne uge med alle Folketingets partier på nær Enhedslisten gennemføres omsider sidste års aftale om at sikre den danske biogas en afregningspris på 60 øre pr. kwh i 10 år frem. 21

22 TJ Biogas production in Denmark Total Manure based

23 TJ Biogas development Biogas production Government January : Biogasproduction to be trippled before 2025 Centralised Farmscale Total

24 Political Energy Settlement (2008) Fakta: Energiaftalens hovedpunkter Her er de 14 hovedpunkter fra torsdagens energi-forlig, som alle partier undtagen Enhedslisten står bag. Af Thomas Djursing, fredag 22. feb 2008 kl. 10:32 - Biogasanlæg både gamle og nye - får en fast elafregningspris på 74,5 øre per kilowatt-time. (Kilde: Ingeniøren)

25 Euro/kWh Payment for electricity from biogas 0,12 0,10 0,08 0,06 0,04 0,02 0,00 Payment electricity Year after construction Payment from All plants Existing New Necessary

26 Political influence Show examples: With palyers in the business

27 Præsentation for Energipolitisk Udvalg Torsdag den 15. januar 2009 Levering af biogas til naturgasnettet Sønderjysk Biogas - Vi gi r byen gas!

28 Opfordring Afsætning af biogas til naturgasnettet bør kunne finde sted under samme vilkår som afsætning til kraftvarmeproduktion. Derved skabes der bedre muligheder for biogas skabes der mulighed for optimal udnyttelse sikres den fremtidige udvikling Sønderjysk Biogas - Vi gi r byen gas!

29 Hvorfor naturgasnettet? Afsætning via naturgasnettet giver optimal anvendelse af gassen intet spild fleksibel placering bedst mulig logistik udvidelsesmuligheder sikret afsætning flere anvendelsesmuligheder for gassen Sønderjysk Biogas - Vi gi r byen gas!

30 Hvorfor naturgasnettet? Afsætning via naturgasnettet giver mulighed for udvidelse af bestående anlæg intet monopol for kraftvarmeværket biogas i tyndere befolkede områder total fremtidssikring Sønderjysk Biogas - Vi gi r byen gas!

31 Government Green Growth Plan 2009 Promotion in biogas through From currently 5 % to 50 % of manure into biogas in 2020 Co-ordination plan for construction of biogas plants Plan for integration of biogas into the energy sector Obligation for municipalities to point out where to build plants Distribution in natural gas grid on equal terms as direct co-generation Equal opportunities for biogas to earn money as natural gas suppliers Financing 20 % construction subsidy (in total 300 mill. DKK from 2010 to 2012) loans guaranteed by municipalities capital from investors

32 Next Energy Settlement (2011)

33 Next Energy Settlement (2011)

34 Denmark % Manurebased Sewage sludge Industrial sludge Landfill gas 1.1 TWh 4,000 TJ power/heat 82 manure based plants 64 sewage sludge plants 5 industrial wastewater plants 25 landfill gas plants

35 Sweden origin of biogas Gas production (pct) Wastewater Co-digestion Farm Industry Landfill TWh 4,900 TJ 8 farm and 17 (14) co-digestion plants 140 (138) waste water treatmant plants 4 (3) industrial wastewater plants 58 (60) landfill gas plants

36 Filling stations in Sweden Distribution Local grids Natural gas grid By truck Source: Swedish Gas

37 Mill. Nm3 Transportation - Sweden Volume sold of "biogas/natural gas" Natural gas Biogas

38 Transportation - Sweden Share of natural gas and biogas 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Biogas Natural gas

39 Sweden gas utilisation (pct) Heat Transportation Power 53 Flaring No data Heat most important Transportation fastet growing

40 Norway - waste in 29 biogas plants Source sep. household/food waste Food waste retailers Food waste hotels & restaurants Slaughterhouse waste (cat. 2) Slaughterhouse waste (cat. 3) Fish waste (cat. 3) Fats - sewage in foodindustry

41 Ecopro, Verdal Norway Total area 9000 m2 Start up Sludge March 2008, Food waste April 2008

42 WASTE FEEDSTOCKS Food waste (source separated household waste) Approx t/a Sludge (from waste water treatment plants) Approx t/a

43 Typical mass balance Product I/O Comments Biowaste 1000 kg Food waste 70-82% Sorting reject+grit kg This number can be improved with better participation Bio-fertilizer ~300 kg Biogas at 60% CH m3 150 m3 on pure biowaste kwh Electricity kwh 300 kwh on pure biowaste

44 DIGESTATE BIO-FERTILIZER The produced digestate (approx t/a) do not need to go through any maturing process At Ecopro they intend to distribute the organic bio-fertilizer to the agricultural sector and to the private sector. Cambi bio-fertilizer as produced Attractive bio-fertilizer due to: - 100% pathogen-free & nutritious - Minimal odour (smells like soil) - 30% DS content - < 0,5% plastic in weight Scotland: Spreading the Cambi bio-fertilizer into grasslands

45 Suggestions for Norway Look at the neighbors (Denmark and Sweden) do not repeat bad experience! Find the political argumentation for Biogas in the RE strategy ( you need political support) Calculate the economical break even for investment ( you need investors) Find the biomass and waste available for biogas production ( you need biomass and preferably a waste problem, ex fish industry) Recycling og Nutrients as a part of future strategy.

46 Thank you for your attention