The Big Bang: New light on an old theory
|
|
- Darlene Thompson
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Physics The Big Bang: New light on an old theory This lesson explores the evidence for the Big Bang theory of the origin of the Universe. In it, you will learn about the following: Using the electromagnetic spectrum (EMS) to define radiation. The Big Bang origin of the Universe theory. What is the cosmic microwave background and how does this support the Big Bang theory? Universe or Multiverse? Get ready for extragalactic time travel as we squeeze and bend our way through this space-time lesson. This is a print version of an interactive online lesson. To sign up for the real thing or for curriculum details about the lesson go to
2 Introduction: The Big Bang (P1) Scientists say they have just made a discovery that will help explain how our Universe began. If they are right, it could be the biggest, most exciting event in physics ever. Looking through a telescope into the clear skies over the South Pole, scientists spotted what they say is evidence of gravitational waves, or ripples in space-time, from the split second after the birth of the Universe what scientists call the Big Bang. What s got everyone so excited by this is that Albert Einstein predicted the existence of gravitational waves when he described how space and time were related and could be bent by huge forces of gravity. What the scientists at the South Pole think they saw was not gravitational waves they would be invisible but the effect of the waves on the light left over from the Big Bang. The gravitational waves make some patches of space a little warmer than others, which polarises light waves that pass through. Polarisation is when light waves vibrate in one direction more than others and that has made a pattern detected in the cosmic microwave background. It s like looking back 13.7 billion years into the past when the baby universe was like a hot seething soup. For the first 380,000 years no light could escape but finally the universe expanded enough so it could. Paul Davies, the famous physicist who wrote the Cosmos magazine story, says that if the discovery is proven it will give us a new way of looking at our universe. He says it might also help to explain whether there was something before the Big Bang or just nothing. Even more excitingly, he says it could explain whether our universe is the only one or if there are many other universes out there. Read or listen to the full Cosmos magazine article here.
3 Left: The Ancient Greek astronomer Hipparchus was very much a star gazer. Right: German-born theoretical physicist Albert Einstein ( ) at home in Princeton, New Jersey, Credits: Ann Ronan Pictures / Print Collector / Getty Images and Popperfoto / Getty Images. Question 1 Imagine: You are from an ancient civilisation. When you look up at the night sky, what is the story your tribe uses to explain the stars and the origin of the Universe? Question 2 Construct: Use the table below to organise your thoughts about the Big Bang theory, cosmic microwave background radiation, gravitational waves and inflation. At this stage of the lesson, use the first two columns: 'K' What I already know, 'W' What I want to know and leave the 'L' column - what I learned - until the end of the lesson. This is quite a complicated topic, yet one that many of you may have a fascination with and quite a store of knowledge about; so don't worry if you know a lot or nothing at all, this table helps identify that and therefore help personalise future tasks. K What I know Write what you already know about this topic in this column now before starting the lesson. W What I want to know In this column what you would like to know about this topic. L What I learned After completing the lesson, write down what you learned in this column.
4 Gather: The Big Bang (P1) Loading Credit: MinutePhysics / YouTube. Question 1 Light detected now as cosmic microwave background originated from the Big Bang when the Universe was only around years old. True False Question 2 Remember: CMB is the acronym used by scientists for Cosmic Microwave Background. True False Light-years is a unit of measurement used to express immense distances, such as those between stars and galaxies. It is often mistaken for a measurement of time. By definition, one light-year is the distance that light travels in a vacuum in one year. (Space is considered to be a vacuum.)
5 Question 3 Calculate: Both the video and the Cosmos article explain how light from the cosmic microwave background (CMB) originated from the first light escaping the thick, dense, early Universe. In space, light travels at 3.00 x 10 m.s distance travelled by light (in metres) in one year Use this speed to calculate the Question 4 You may optionally upload a photo of your working out for Question 3 below. Drag and drop file here Question 5 Extrapolate: The tiny fluctuations in temperature between hotter and cooler spots in the CMB were only different by 0.001%. So if the mean temperature of the CMB was K, or C, what were the maximum and minimum observed temperatures? Give your answer in both Kelvin and degrees Celsius. Hint: You will need to use more significant figures than appropriate to answer this question. o Unit of measurement Mean temperature of CMB Minimum temperature of CMB Kelvin (K) Degrees Celsius ( oc) Maximum temperature of CMB Question 6 Recall: Cosmic Background Radiation has been used to date our Universe to approximately: 6 thousand years old 13.7 million years old 13.7 billion years old cannot be concluded
6 Question 7 Recall: The Cosmos article describes the baby universe as a "hot, seething soup". In the first years from the beginning of the Universe light was unable to escape the extremely hot, very dense, smooth environment that existed. However, as the young Universe expanded, eventually light was able to escape this environment and the Universe became transparent because of which of the following? The concentration of energy within regions of the Universe was dispersing. Electrons and protons had insufficient energy to resist their electrostatic attraction and formed hydrogen atoms. There were fewer free electrons to interact and scatter the light. All of the above. Light from the Big Bang originally had the frequency and colour of white sunlight, but after years of travel has stretched (or been red shifted) to microwaves measured on the cosmic microwave background. Look at the electromagnetic spectrum below. Question 8 Identify: Use the electromagnetic spectrum (EMS) above to identify the frequency and wavelength of light as it was over 13.7 billion years ago (when it was in the visible light section of the EMS) and of cosmic microwave background. Hint: Remember to include appropriate units in your answers. Light as it was 13.7 billion years ago Cosmic microwave background Frequency Wavelength
7 Question 9 List: The tiny temperature fluctuations evident in the CMB coalesced over time through the process of gravitational attraction to form the massive structures in the Universe today. Using the information in the MinutePhysics clip and any knowledge you already have, list the types of 'massive structures' contained within our Universe in order of ascending size, so from smallest to largest.
8 Process: The Big Bang (P1) Loading Question 1 Hypothesise: In the MinutePhysics clip in Gather (dated June 7, 2012) the estimated age of the Universe was 13.7 billion years. In the Cosmos article (31 March 2014) and this clip (19 March 2014), the estimated age of the Universe has now 'increased' by 100 million years to 13.8 billion years. Can you think of reasons why there has been a change? BICEP2 operated from January 2010 until December The Keck Array of telescopes took over from BICEP2 in January The original data was received by BICEP2 and confirmed from the KECK Array data. The telescopes are located in Antarctica where the atmosphere is thin and dry. The first evidence of gravitational waves was discovered two years before the announcement in March Question 2 Infer: Can you infer why Antarctica was chosen as the best site for locating these telescopes and also suggest reasons why there was a two year delay in making such a significant scientific announcement?
9 Question 3 Design: Create a mind map below to organise the concepts from the Cosmos article and the two MinutePhysics clips. Your mind map should encompass the Big Bang theory of origin of the Universe, the evidence to support it (cosmic microwave background and gravitational waves) and tools used in the interpretation (polarisation of light, the electromagnetic spectrum). You should add any other links or concepts of which you are aware that were also referenced in the Cosmos article, (Einstein's theory of General Relativity, Guth's theory of inflation and the acceleration of expansion of the Universe). Big Bang
10 Apply: The Big Bang (P2) Research task: Choose your own cosmic adventure Getting your head around the history of the Universe can leave you in a spin. Let's explore some of the fun facts of this epic story. Fun fact #1 At the time of the Big Bang, 13.8 billion years ago, the Universe (that is, everything) was infinitesimally small. Fun fact #2 After the period known as inflation, the most rapid expansion that the Universe has undergone, the Universe was just 10 cm wide, roughly the size of a grapefruit. Fun fact #3 For its first 380,000 years, the Universe was so thick and dense that no light could escape it. Fun fact #4 While the rate of expansion of the Universe has slowed over time, even today it is expanding faster than the speed of light. Light from one side of the Universe will never reach the opposite side. Question 1 In the introduction section of this lesson you prepared the first two columns of a KWL chart (what you Know, Want to know and what you Learned). Drawing upon your interests expressed in the W column, consider one of the following topics and conduct your own research. Topic 1: Historical theories Research the historical theories of the origin of the Universe. Who was the scientist who proposed the theory, when, what were the fundamental ideas and what evidence supported those ideas? Present your findings in a timeline from earliest theories to latest.
11 Topic 2: Universe or Multiverse? A variant of inflation theory is the question 'do we live in a Universe or a Multiverse?' Use reliable internet sources to research the theory of a Multiverse. Space is studied by Year 7 students. Use your research about a possible Multiverse to write an explanation of the theory that could be presented to the younger Year 7 students at your school for consideration in their studies of space. Topic 3: Einstein's Theory of General Relativity Gravitational waves (ripples in the space-time continuum), were proposed by Albert Einstein in his Theory of General Relativity in Explore this theory with respect to the recent evidence of gravitational waves found by the BICEP2 team. Present your research in the style of a supplementary article for Cosmos magazine to use as a follow up article to the one you have read for this lesson. Your piece should be approximately 400 words in length. Topic 4: The politics, ethics and economics of Antarctic research. Research in Antarctica is carried out by more than 4,000 scientists in summer and 1,000 scientists in winter, from 28 different nations. Due to the inaccessibility of the continent and extremely harsh environment, supporting these scientific endeavours is very expensive. (Australia spends around $100 million each year on its Antarctic program.) Should world governments continue to support expensive scientific research into the origins of the Universe when there are issues such as climate change, world poverty, youth unemployment that need tackling now? After conducting some brief research, and perhaps using an appropriate graphic organiser such as a PMI (plus, minus, interesting) chart to organise your thoughts, present your position on this question as a "Letter to the Editor" to your local newspaper or as an article suitable for the "Feedback" section of Cosmos. Now that you have completed the lesson sequence, go back to the Introduction section and fill in the 'L' - what I learned section of the KWL chart.
12 Career: The Big Bang (P2) Katie Mack is a theoretical astrophysicist from the University of Melbourne who studies how the Universe works. Katie has always been curious about how things work. When she was young, she saw the famous theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking give a presentation about the Universe and the nature of space and time. His words made her look at the world in a whole new way, and she decided that she wanted to be a scientist to find out more. After completing her undergrad degree in Physics, Katie majored in Astrophysical Sciences at grad school. Now, she studies the evolution of the cosmos and the formation of the first galaxies in order to find out where our Universe came from. Katie looks at cool things like dark matter, black holes and cosmic strings, too! But being a theoretical physicist doesn t mean being a lone genius like Albert Einstein. Katie says that, though a lot of people think they aren t cut out for science, even the greatest scientists have to work hard to understand the complex concepts and tools needed for the job. Talking to other physicists is a huge part of Katie s work, as she says that physicists need to have other people to bounce ideas off of. They often ask for help from experts in other areas and, together, they come up with new ways of looking at a problem. Basically, Katie says we're all a lot smarter when we work together! Credit: Jaime Murcia When she isn t busy surveying the stars, Katie loves to hang out with her friends, play basketball, go to the movies, and go out dancing. Question 1 Infer: Why does Katie suggest that talking with other scientists is an important part of her job? How is this same principle applicable to your school work?
13 Cosmos Lessons team Lesson author: Kathryn Grainger Education editor: Bill Condie Art director: Robyn Adderly Profile author: Megan Toomey Education director: Daniel Pikler
Chapter 23 The Beginning of Time
Chapter 23 The Beginning of Time 23.1 The Big Bang Our goals for learning What were conditions like in the early universe? What is the history of the universe according to the Big Bang theory? What were
More informationUnit 1.7: Earth and Space Science The Structure of the Cosmos
Lesson Summary: This week students will search for evidence provided in passages that lend support about the structure and organization of the Cosmos. Then students will summarize a passage. Materials
More informationThe Expanding Universe
Stars, Galaxies, Guided Reading and Study This section explains how astronomers think the universe and the solar system formed. Use Target Reading Skills As you read about the evidence that supports the
More informationTranscript 22 - Universe
Transcript 22 - Universe A few introductory words of explanation about this transcript: This transcript includes the words sent to the narrator for inclusion in the latest version of the associated video.
More informationYour years of toil Said Ryle to Hoyle Are wasted years, believe me. The Steady State Is out of date Unless my eyes deceive me.
Your years of toil Said Ryle to Hoyle Are wasted years, believe me. The Steady State Is out of date Unless my eyes deceive me. My telescope Has dashed your hope; Your tenets are refuted. Let me be terse:
More informationAstro 102 Test 5 Review Spring 2016. See Old Test 4 #16-23, Test 5 #1-3, Old Final #1-14
Astro 102 Test 5 Review Spring 2016 See Old Test 4 #16-23, Test 5 #1-3, Old Final #1-14 Sec 14.5 Expanding Universe Know: Doppler shift, redshift, Hubble s Law, cosmic distance ladder, standard candles,
More informationPretest Ch 20: Origins of the Universe
Name: _Answer key Pretest: _2_/ 58 Posttest: _58_/ 58 Pretest Ch 20: Origins of the Universe Vocab/Matching: Match the definition on the left with the term on the right by placing the letter of the term
More information3 HOW WERE STARS FORMED?
3 HOW WERE STARS FORMED? David Christian explains how the first stars were formed. This two-part lecture begins by focusing on what the Universe was like in its first 200 million years of existence, a
More informationBig bang, red shift and doppler effect
Big bang, red shift and doppler effect 73 minutes 73 marks Page of 26 Q. (a) Scientists have observed that the wavelengths of the light from galaxies moving away from the Earth are longer than expected.
More informationOrigins of the Cosmos Summer 2016. Pre-course assessment
Origins of the Cosmos Summer 2016 Pre-course assessment In order to grant two graduate credits for the workshop, we do require you to spend some hours before arriving at Penn State. We encourage all of
More informationWhere is Fundamental Physics Heading? Nathan Seiberg IAS Apr. 30, 2014
Where is Fundamental Physics Heading? Nathan Seiberg IAS Apr. 30, 2014 Disclaimer We do not know what will be discovered. This is the reason we perform experiments. This is the reason scientific research
More informationThe Birth of the Universe Newcomer Academy High School Visualization One
The Birth of the Universe Newcomer Academy High School Visualization One Chapter Topic Key Points of Discussion Notes & Vocabulary 1 Birth of The Big Bang Theory Activity 4A the How and when did the universe
More informationBig Bang and Steady State Theories - Past exam questions (6 mark)
Big Bang and Steady State Theories - Past exam questions (6 mark) (1) * Scientists believe that the Universe is expanding. Describe how careful observation of electromagnetic radiation from distant galaxies
More informationSTAAR Science Tutorial 30 TEK 8.8C: Electromagnetic Waves
Name: Teacher: Pd. Date: STAAR Science Tutorial 30 TEK 8.8C: Electromagnetic Waves TEK 8.8C: Explore how different wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum such as light and radio waves are used to
More informationWhat is the Sloan Digital Sky Survey?
What is the Sloan Digital Sky Survey? Simply put, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey is the most ambitious astronomical survey ever undertaken. The survey will map one-quarter of the entire sky in detail, determining
More informationInflationary Big Bang Cosmology and the New Cosmic Background Radiation Findings
Inflationary Big Bang Cosmology and the New Cosmic Background Radiation Findings By Richard M. Todaro American Physical Society June 2001 With special thanks to Dr. Paul L. Richards, Professor of Physics
More informationBeginning of the Universe Classwork 6 th Grade PSI Science
Beginning of the Universe Classwork Name: 6 th Grade PSI Science 1 4 2 5 6 3 7 Down: 1. Edwin discovered that galaxies are spreading apart. 2. This theory explains how the Universe was flattened. 3. All
More informationREALIZING EINSTEIN S DREAM Exploring Our Mysterious Universe
REALIZING EINSTEIN S DREAM Exploring Our Mysterious Universe The End of Physics Albert A. Michelson, at the dedication of Ryerson Physics Lab, U. of Chicago, 1894 The Miracle Year - 1905 Relativity Quantum
More informationThe Origin and Evolution of the Universe
The Origin and Evolution of the Universe 9.7 People have been wondering about the Universe for a long time. They have asked questions such as Where did the Universe come from? How big is it? What will
More informationEinstein s cosmological legacy: From the big bang to black holes
School of Mathematical and Computing Sciences Te Kura Pangarau, Rorohiko Einstein s cosmological legacy: From the big bang to black holes Matt Visser Overview: 2005 marks 100 years since Einstein discovered
More informationBuild Your Own Universe
Build Your Own Universe You will need: At least 10,000,000,000,000,00 0,000,000,000,000,000,000,00 0,000,000,000,000,000,000,00 0,000,000,000,000,000,000,00 0,000 x Down quarks At least 10,000,000,000,000,000,
More informationWorld of Particles Big Bang Thomas Gajdosik. Big Bang (model)
Big Bang (model) What can be seen / measured? basically only light (and a few particles: e ±, p, p, ν x ) in different wave lengths: microwave to γ-rays in different intensities (measured in magnitudes)
More informationIntroduction to the Solar System
Introduction to the Solar System Lesson Objectives Describe some early ideas about our solar system. Name the planets, and describe their motion around the Sun. Explain how the solar system formed. Introduction
More informationModeling the Expanding Universe
H9 Modeling the Expanding Universe Activity H9 Grade Level: 8 12 Source: This activity is produced by the Universe Forum at NASA s Office of Space Science, along with their Structure and Evolution of the
More informationChapter 15 Cosmology: Will the universe end?
Cosmology: Will the universe end? 1. Who first showed that the Milky Way is not the only galaxy in the universe? a. Kepler b. Copernicus c. Newton d. Hubble e. Galileo Ans: d 2. The big bang theory and
More information165 points. Name Date Period. Column B a. Cepheid variables b. luminosity c. RR Lyrae variables d. Sagittarius e. variable stars
Name Date Period 30 GALAXIES AND THE UNIVERSE SECTION 30.1 The Milky Way Galaxy In your textbook, read about discovering the Milky Way. (20 points) For each item in Column A, write the letter of the matching
More information23. The Beginning of Time. Agenda. Agenda. ESA s Venus Express. Conditions in the Early Universe. 23.1 Running the Expansion Backward
23. The Beginning of Time Somewhere, something incredible is waiting to be known. Agenda Announce: Solar Altitude Lab (#2) due today Read Ch. 24 for Thursday Observation make-up next week Project Presentations
More informationAstronomy & Physics Resources for Middle & High School Teachers
Astronomy & Physics Resources for Middle & High School Teachers Gillian Wilson http://www.faculty.ucr.edu/~gillianw/k12 A cosmologist is.... an astronomer who studies the formation and evolution of the
More informationA Century of Paradigm Shifts in our Thinking About the Universe
A Century of Paradigm Shifts in our Thinking About the Universe George R. Blumenthal Chancellor, UC Santa Cruz Professor of Astronomy and Astrophysics Why start 100 years ago? Before 1910 there was no
More informationThe Crafoord Prize 2005
I N F O R M A T I O N F O R T H E P U B L I C The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the Crafoord Prize in Astronomy 2005 to James Gunn, Princeton University, USA, James Peebles, Princeton
More informationFirst Discoveries. Asteroids
First Discoveries The Sloan Digital Sky Survey began operating on June 8, 1998. Since that time, SDSS scientists have been hard at work analyzing data and drawing conclusions. This page describes seven
More informationBackground Biology and Biochemistry Notes A
Background Biology and Biochemistry Notes A Vocabulary dependent variable evidence experiment hypothesis independent variable model observation prediction science scientific investigation scientific law
More information1.1 A Modern View of the Universe" Our goals for learning: What is our place in the universe?"
Chapter 1 Our Place in the Universe 1.1 A Modern View of the Universe What is our place in the universe? What is our place in the universe? How did we come to be? How can we know what the universe was
More informationTELESCOPE AS TIME MACHINE
TELESCOPE AS TIME MACHINE Read this article about NASA s latest high-tech space telescope. Then, have fun doing one or both of the word puzzles that use the important words in the article. A TELESCOPE
More informationScience Standard 4 Earth in Space Grade Level Expectations
Science Standard 4 Earth in Space Grade Level Expectations Science Standard 4 Earth in Space Our Solar System is a collection of gravitationally interacting bodies that include Earth and the Moon. Universal
More informationThe Doppler Effect & Hubble
The Doppler Effect & Hubble Objectives Explain the Doppler Effect. Describe Hubble s discoveries. Explain Hubble s Law. The Doppler Effect The Doppler Effect is named after Austrian physicist Christian
More informationTEACHER BACKGROUND INFORMATION THERMAL ENERGY
TEACHER BACKGROUND INFORMATION THERMAL ENERGY In general, when an object performs work on another object, it does not transfer all of its energy to that object. Some of the energy is lost as heat due to
More informationThe Cosmic Microwave Background and the Big Bang Theory of the Universe
The Cosmic Microwave Background and the Big Bang Theory of the Universe 1. Concepts from General Relativity 1.1 Curvature of space As we discussed earlier, Einstein s equivalence principle states that
More informationEDWIN HUBBLE BIOGRAPHY 720L
2 EDWIN HUBBLE BIOGRAPHY 720L EDWIN HUBBLE EVIDENCE FOR AN EXPANDING UNIVERSE Born November 20, 1889 Marshfield, Missouri Died September 28, 1953 San Marino, California By Cynthia Stokes Brown, adapted
More informationEinstein s theory of relativity
Department of Mathematics, Institute of Origins, December 5, 2008 Overview UCL Institute of Origins Origins UCL has established the Institute of Origins to promote world leading research in topics related
More informationSIZE. Energy. Non-Mechanical Energy. Mechanical Energy. Part II. Examples of Non-Mechanical Energy. Examples of Mechanical Energy.
Energy Part II Non-Mechanical Energy Wait a minute if all energy is either kinetic or potential and TME = KE + PE then how can there possibly be such thing as non-mechanical energy!?!? Mechanical Energy
More informationAn Atom Apart by Leslie Cargile
Have you ever walked through a cloud of gnats on a hot summer, only to have them follow you? No matter how you swat at them, or even if you run, they won t leave you alone. If so, then you have something
More informationBig Bang Cosmology. Big Bang vs. Steady State
Big Bang vs. Steady State Big Bang Cosmology Perfect cosmological principle: universe is unchanging in space and time => Steady-State universe - Bondi, Hoyle, Gold. True? No! Hubble s Law => expansion
More informationIntroduction. The activity. Part 1 predictions and outcomes. Part 2 a dialogue concerning the origin of the Universe. And so to the Big Bang.
Teacher Notes Introduction And so to the Big Bang. The activity Part 1 predictions and outcomes This introduces Big Bang theory by looking at some of its predictions. The first one was a failed prediction,
More informationEvolution of the Universe from 13 to 4 Billion Years Ago
Evolution of the Universe from 13 to 4 Billion Years Ago Prof. Dr. Harold Geller hgeller@gmu.edu http://physics.gmu.edu/~hgeller/ Department of Physics and Astronomy George Mason University Unity in the
More informationModeling Galaxy Formation
Galaxy Evolution is the study of how galaxies form and how they change over time. As was the case with we can not observe an individual galaxy evolve but we can observe different galaxies at various stages
More informationThe first minutes of the Universe released energy which changed to matter, forming stars and galaxies. Introduction
THE COSMIC ENGINE CHAPTER 18 The Universe begins The first minutes of the Universe released energy which changed to matter, forming stars and galaxies Introduction Cosmology, the study of the Universe
More informationHow Do Oceans Affect Weather and Climate?
How Do Oceans Affect Weather and Climate? In Learning Set 2, you explored how water heats up more slowly than land and also cools off more slowly than land. Weather is caused by events in the atmosphere.
More information101 IELTS Speaking Part Two Topic cards about sports, hobbies and free time A- Z
101 IELTS Speaking Part Two Topic cards about sports, hobbies and free time A- Z As the topics of sports, hobbies and free time are easy ones that tie in with IELTS Speaking Part One and students like
More informationThe Solar System: Cosmic encounter with Pluto
Earth and Space Sciences The Solar System: Cosmic encounter with Pluto The size and nature of our Solar System is truly awe inspiring, and things are going to get even more exciting once the New Horizons
More informationEinstein Rings: Nature s Gravitational Lenses
National Aeronautics and Space Administration Einstein Rings: Nature s Gravitational Lenses Leonidas Moustakas and Adam Bolton Taken from: Hubble 2006 Science Year in Review The full contents of this book
More informationThe Electromagnetic Spectrum
INTRODUCTION The Electromagnetic Spectrum I. What is electromagnetic radiation and the electromagnetic spectrum? What do light, X-rays, heat radiation, microwaves, radio waves, and gamma radiation have
More informationGRAVITY CONCEPTS. Gravity is the universal force of attraction between all matter
IT S UNIVERSAL GRAVITY CONCEPTS Gravity is the universal force of attraction between all matter Weight is a measure of the gravitational force pulling objects toward Earth Objects seem weightless when
More informationELEMENTS OF PHYSICS MOTION, FORCE, AND GRAVITY
1 Pre-Test Directions: This will help you discover what you know about the subject of motion before you begin this lesson. Answer the following true or false. 1. Aristotle believed that all objects fell
More information5. The Nature of Light. Does Light Travel Infinitely Fast? EMR Travels At Finite Speed. EMR: Electric & Magnetic Waves
5. The Nature of Light Light travels in vacuum at 3.0. 10 8 m/s Light is one form of electromagnetic radiation Continuous radiation: Based on temperature Wien s Law & the Stefan-Boltzmann Law Light has
More informationClass 2 Solar System Characteristics Formation Exosolar Planets
Class 1 Introduction, Background History of Modern Astronomy The Night Sky, Eclipses and the Seasons Kepler's Laws Newtonian Gravity General Relativity Matter and Light Telescopes Class 2 Solar System
More informationSYLLABUS FORM WESTCHESTER COMMUNITY COLLEGE Valhalla, NY l0595. l. Course #:PHYSC 151 2. NAME OF ORIGINATOR /REVISOR: PAUL ROBINSON
SYLLABUS FORM WESTCHESTER COMMUNITY COLLEGE Valhalla, NY l0595 l. Course #:PHYSC 151 2. NAME OF ORIGINATOR /REVISOR: PAUL ROBINSON NAME OF COURSE: ASTRONOMY 3. CURRENT DATE: OCTOBER 26, 2011. Please indicate
More informationIntroduction and Origin of the Earth
Page 1 of 5 EENS 1110 Tulane University Physical Geology Prof. Stephen A. Nelson Introduction and Origin of the Earth This page last updated on 30-Jul-2015 Geology, What is it? Geology is the study of
More informationNASA LAUNCHPAD Educational Product Educators & Students Grades 9-12 www.nasa.gov NP-2009-12-232-LaRC
National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA eclips TM Educator Guide NASA LAUNCHPAD Making Waves Educational Product Educators & Students Grades 9-12 NP-2009-12-232-LaRC www.nasa.gov eclips Making
More informationElements of Physics Motion, Force, and Gravity Teacher s Guide
Teacher s Guide Grade Level: 9 12 Curriculum Focus: Physical Science Lesson Duration: Three class periods Program Description Examine Isaac Newton's laws of motion, the four fundamental forces of the universe,
More informationActivity: Multiwavelength Bingo
ctivity: Multiwavelength background: lmost everything that we know about distant objects in the Universe comes from studying the light that is emitted or reflected by them. The entire range of energies
More informationAstronomy Notes for Educators
Our Solar System Astronomy Notes for Educators Our Solar System 5-1 5-2 Specific Outcomes: Learning Outcome 1: Knowledge / Content and it place in the Milky Way Different types of bodies make up the Solar
More informationAnswers for the Student Worksheet for the Hubble Space Telescope Scavenger Hunt
Instructions: Answers are typed in blue. Answers for the Student Worksheet for the Hubble Space Telescope Scavenger Hunt Crab Nebula What is embedded in the center of the nebula? Neutron star Who first
More informationLesson 39: Kinetic Energy & Potential Energy
Lesson 39: Kinetic Energy & Potential Energy Total Mechanical Energy We sometimes call the total energy of an object (potential and kinetic) the total mechanical energy of an object. Mechanical energy
More informationTopic 3. Evidence for the Big Bang
Topic 3 Primordial nucleosynthesis Evidence for the Big Bang! Back in the 1920s it was generally thought that the Universe was infinite! However a number of experimental observations started to question
More informationConvection, Conduction & Radiation
Convection, Conduction & Radiation There are three basic ways in which heat is transferred: convection, conduction and radiation. In gases and liquids, heat is usually transferred by convection, in which
More informationSTUDY GUIDE: Earth Sun Moon
The Universe is thought to consist of trillions of galaxies. Our galaxy, the Milky Way, has billions of stars. One of those stars is our Sun. Our solar system consists of the Sun at the center, and all
More information18.2 Comparing Atoms. Atomic number. Chapter 18
As you know, some substances are made up of only one kind of atom and these substances are called elements. You already know something about a number of elements you ve heard of hydrogen, helium, silver,
More informationLesson 6: Earth and the Moon
Lesson 6: Earth and the Moon Reading Assignment Chapter 7.1: Overall Structure of Planet Earth Chapter 7.3: Earth s Interior More Precisely 7-2: Radioactive Dating Chapter 7.5: Earth s Magnetosphere Chapter
More informationScience Benchmark: 06 : 01 Standard 01: THE MYSTICAL MOON axis of rotation,
Science Benchmark: 06 : 01 The appearance of the lighted portion of the moon changes in a predictable cycle as a result of the relative positions of Earth, the moon, and the sun. Standard 01: Students
More informationILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE: Given: A = 3 and B = 4 if we now want the value of C=? C = 3 + 4 = 9 + 16 = 25 or 2
Forensic Spectral Anaylysis: Warm up! The study of triangles has been done since ancient times. Many of the early discoveries about triangles are still used today. We will only be concerned with the "right
More informationFrom lowest energy to highest energy, which of the following correctly orders the different categories of electromagnetic radiation?
From lowest energy to highest energy, which of the following correctly orders the different categories of electromagnetic radiation? From lowest energy to highest energy, which of the following correctly
More informationThe Big Bang A Community in the Classroom Presentation for Grade 5
The Big Bang A Community in the Classroom Presentation for Grade 5 Richard Cupp Engineer STANARDS CONNECTION Grade 5 Physical Science: Elements and their combinations account for all the varied types of
More informationThe Hidden Lives of Galaxies. Jim Lochner, USRA & NASA/GSFC
The Hidden Lives of Galaxies Jim Lochner, USRA & NASA/GSFC What is a Galaxy? Solar System Distance from Earth to Sun = 93,000,000 miles = 8 light-minutes Size of Solar System = 5.5 light-hours What is
More informationA Universe of Galaxies
A Universe of Galaxies Today s Lecture: Other Galaxies (Chapter 16, pages 366-397) Types of Galaxies Habitats of Galaxies Dark Matter Other Galaxies Originally called spiral nebulae because of their shape.
More information1 Introduction. 1 There may, of course, in principle, exist other universes, but they are not accessible to our
1 1 Introduction Cosmology is the study of the universe as a whole, its structure, its origin, and its evolution. Cosmology is soundly based on observations, mostly astronomical, and laws of physics. These
More informationChapter 1: Our Place in the Universe. 2005 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley
Chapter 1: Our Place in the Universe Topics Our modern view of the universe The scale of the universe Cinema graphic tour of the local universe Spaceship earth 1.1 A Modern View of the Universe Our goals
More informationGrade Level Expectations for the Sunshine State Standards
for the Sunshine State Standards FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION http://www.myfloridaeducation.com/ The seventh grade student: The Nature of Matter uses a variety of measurements to describe the physical
More informationName: Date: Period: Gravity Study Guide
Vocabulary: Define the following terms. Law of Universal Gravitation Gravity Study Guide Weight Weightlessness Gravitational Field Black hole Escape velocity Math: Be able to use the equation for the law
More informationRelated Standards and Background Information
Related Standards and Background Information Earth Patterns, Cycles and Changes This strand focuses on student understanding of patterns in nature, natural cycles, and changes that occur both quickly and
More informationHow To Understand General Relativity
Chapter S3 Spacetime and Gravity What are the major ideas of special relativity? Spacetime Special relativity showed that space and time are not absolute Instead they are inextricably linked in a four-dimensional
More informationClimate Change is Underway Lesson Plan
Climate Change is Underway Lesson Plan For Teachers: The following is a lesson plan designed to be used with section of the Climate Change material entitled Climate Change is Underway from the After Earth
More informationThe facts we know today will be the same tomorrow but today s theories may tomorrow be obsolete.
The Scale of the Universe Some Introductory Material and Pretty Pictures The facts we know today will be the same tomorrow but today s theories may tomorrow be obsolete. A scientific theory is regarded
More informationParticle Soup: Big Bang Nucleosynthesis
Name: Partner(s): Lab #7 Particle Soup: Big Bang Nucleosynthesis Purpose The student explores how helium was made in the Big Bang. Introduction Very little helium is made in stars. Yet the universe is
More informationCarol and Charles see their pencils fall exactly straight down.
Section 24-1 1. Carol is in a railroad car on a train moving west along a straight stretch of track at a constant speed of 120 km/h, and Charles is in a railroad car on a train at rest on a siding along
More informationThe Solar System. Unit 4 covers the following framework standards: ES 10 and PS 11. Content was adapted the following:
Unit 4 The Solar System Chapter 7 ~ The History of the Solar System o Section 1 ~ The Formation of the Solar System o Section 2 ~ Observing the Solar System Chapter 8 ~ The Parts the Solar System o Section
More informationIn studying the Milky Way, we have a classic problem of not being able to see the forest for the trees.
In studying the Milky Way, we have a classic problem of not being able to see the forest for the trees. A panoramic painting of the Milky Way as seen from Earth, done by Knut Lundmark in the 1940 s. The
More informationPUSD High Frequency Word List
PUSD High Frequency Word List For Reading and Spelling Grades K-5 High Frequency or instant words are important because: 1. You can t read a sentence or a paragraph without knowing at least the most common.
More informationDESCRIPTION ACADEMIC STANDARDS INSTRUCTIONAL GOALS VOCABULARY BEFORE SHOWING. Subject Area: Science
DESCRIPTION Host Tom Selleck conducts a stellar tour of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto--the outer planets of Earth's solar system. Information from the Voyager space probes plus computer models
More information5.1 Evolution of the Atomic Model
5.1 Evolution of the Atomic Model Studying the atom has been a fascination of scientists for hundreds of years. Even Greek philosophers, over 2500 years ago, discussed the idea of there being a smallest
More informationAstronomy 110 Homework #04 Assigned: 02/06/2007 Due: 02/13/2007. Name:
Astronomy 110 Homework #04 Assigned: 02/06/2007 Due: 02/13/2007 Name: Directions: Listed below are twenty (20) multiple-choice questions based on the material covered by the lectures this past week. Choose
More informationName Date Class ELECTRONS IN ATOMS. Standard Curriculum Core content Extension topics
13 ELECTRONS IN ATOMS Conceptual Curriculum Concrete concepts More abstract concepts or math/problem-solving Standard Curriculum Core content Extension topics Honors Curriculum Core honors content Options
More informationThe Milky Way Galaxy is Heading for a Major Cosmic Collision
The Milky Way Galaxy is Heading for a Major Cosmic Collision Roeland van der Marel (STScI) [based on work with a team of collaborators reported in the Astrophysical Journal July 2012] Hubble Science Briefing
More informationWhat Is Heat? What Is Heat?
What Is Heat? Paul shivered inside the wood cabin. It was cold outside, and inside the cabin it wasn t much warmer. Paul could hear the rain beating down on the roof. Every few minutes there would be a
More informationTeaching Time: One-to-two 50-minute periods
Lesson Summary Students create a planet using a computer game and change features of the planet to increase or decrease the planet s temperature. Students will explore some of the same principles scientists
More informationACTIVITY 6: Falling Objects
UNIT FM Developing Ideas ACTIVITY 6: Falling Objects Purpose and Key Question You developed your ideas about how the motion of an object is related to the forces acting on it using objects that move horizontally.
More informationLight as a Wave. The Nature of Light. EM Radiation Spectrum. EM Radiation Spectrum. Electromagnetic Radiation
The Nature of Light Light and other forms of radiation carry information to us from distance astronomical objects Visible light is a subset of a huge spectrum of electromagnetic radiation Maxwell pioneered
More informationHeat Energy FORMS OF ENERGY LESSON PLAN 2.7. Public School System Teaching Standards Covered
FORMS OF ENERGY LESSON PLAN 2.7 Heat Energy This lesson is designed for 3rd 5th grade students in a variety of school settings (public, private, STEM schools, and home schools) in the seven states served
More informationWHERE DID ALL THE ELEMENTS COME FROM??
WHERE DID ALL THE ELEMENTS COME FROM?? In the very beginning, both space and time were created in the Big Bang. It happened 13.7 billion years ago. Afterwards, the universe was a very hot, expanding soup
More informationThe Sun and the Stars
www.k5learning.com Objective Concepts (gravity, climate, solar system, hydrogen, helium, elements, core, ultraviolet rays, cluster, galaxy, Milky Way Galaxy); Sight words (surface, middle, dangerous, causes,
More information