What Is a Public Health Nurse? Historical Visions of Public Health Nursing
|
|
- David Palmer
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 What Is a Public Health Nurse? Historical Visions of Public Health Nursing Karen Buhler-Wilkerson, PhD, RN, FAAN Lillian Wald, founder of the Henry Street Settlement (1893) in New York city, invented the term public health nursing to put emphasis on the community value of the nurse whose work was built upon an understanding of all the problems that invariably accompanied the ills of the poor. Wald s practice among the sick poor quickly convinced her that their diseases most often resulted from causes beyond an individual s control and that treatments needed to be prescribed in an all-round way with consideration for the social, economic, and medical aspects of each case. By looking at nursing practice from the patient s point of view, encouraging personal and public responsibility, and providing a unifying structure for the delivery of comprehensive, equally available health care, Wald conceptualized a new paradigm for nursing practice. Whether a patient s problems were isolated and unusual or common to many was, according to Wald, important to know because the process of finding out the answer to this question often led logically to identification of an appropriate remedy. Wald s vision resulted in nursing practice that went beyond simply caring for patients and their families during illness to encompass an agenda of reform in health care, industry, education, recreation, and housing. What Wald called "our enterprise of public health nursing" was not an isolated undertaking, nor was she a lone American heroine. Her
2 paradigm for nursing practice was based on knowledge gained during two decades of experience in visiting nursing and owed much to Progressive reform and the public health movement of the turn of the century. Although Wald embodied the professionalization of visiting nursing, due credit must also be accorded the thousands of nurses across the country who legitimated the practice of nursing in the community. To Teach Healthful Living and Disease Prevention While Wald was developing her new agenda for the reform of society and delivery of health care, the changing emphasis of the public health campaign simultaneously created yet another aspect of the bond between nursing and public health. As the focus of the public health movement shifted from what eminent public health leader C-E.A. Winslow described as environmental sanitation and bacteriology to the personal conduct and health practices of the individual, it required a new worker, a teacher of healthful living and disease prevention. By 1910, most of the large visiting nurse associations and numerous boards of health and education had initiated disease- prevention programs for school children, infants, mothers, and patients with tuberculosis. Health visiting offered nurses a new opportunity for professional independence, status, and economic security. As one medical authority suggested, they were the relay station to carry the power from the control stations of science, the hospital, and the university to the individual homes of the community. This was a time of unprecedented possibilities for nursing. Not, surprisingly, the number of agencies seeking their services had increased from only 58 in 1901 to nearly 2,000 by Nurses entering this new field had also begun to specialize, limiting their work to one age group or disease. Specialization, these nurses argued, allowed them
3 to become experts, to lead others, and to contribute to the much needed literature in public health. They saw themselves as participating in the growing specialization of the medical profession. Because it was difficult to combine a focus on prevention with meeting the bodily needs of patients, the roles associated with care of the sick and health teaching increasingly diverged. Wald argued that the public health nurse was the link between families social, economic, and health needs and the services they required to become and stay healthy. She was therefore opposed to specialization and to the distinctions between health teaching and direct patient care. If the message of health was to be carried to troubled families, something also needed to be done for these families. Thus, the increasingly isolated and narrowly focused mission of health education challenged Wald s vision of a broadly focused agenda for nursing in the struggle for social betterment. Specialization was antithetical to her concept of public health nurses organic relationship to their neighborhoods. Prevention vs. Cure? By the late, 1920s, public health nurses had indeed demonstrated their ability to advance the public health mission, but the field had reached a turning point. Despite the intent of reformers for a conceptually coherent and centrally structured set of public health services, there were nevertheless 4,262 separate, small and independent local government and voluntary agencies sponsoring public health nurses. This growth was characterized by an idiosyncratic mix of initiatives providing an unpredictable assortment of both preventive and curative nursing services. Gaps and duplication of services were an inevitable outcome. Isolated and uncoordinated, these agencies were increasingly vulnerable to shifts in
4 community support and perceptions of need. As the confusion grew, the rationale for public health nursing became increasingly obscure to both its practitioners and the public. In response, many nursing leaders began to campaign for the creation of comprehensive, coordinated community-based nursing services. Leaders now considered separating the curative and preventive functions of the public health nurse to be a mistake, and they argued for a combined model that would unite both voluntary and publicly funded agencies. Nurses within this more rational system would be general practitioners who would care for all people in the neighborhood, in sickness and in health, regardless of income or type of illness. Numerous studies and demonstration projects from the 1920s through the 1940s confirmed that such a system would eliminate duplication in administration, transportation, and health services. Despite their ability to demonstrate that this unification model met the needs of most of the patients it served, however, organized nursing was never able to create the institutional framework necessary to implement their vision. The reality was that public health nursing was no longer able to engage the support of the larger infrastructures of medical and wider social institutions in their quest to create and finance comprehensive communitybased care. The social, medical, and demographic circumstances that had created support for their work in the community were now much less urgent. With fewer immigrants, declining death rates from often dramatic and frightening infectious diseases, the growing dominance of chronic illness, and the centrality of the hospital, the work of the public health nurse seemed increasing inconsequential to the public. Nurses as Guardians of the Public s Health
5 Over the years, public health nurses have assumed a variety of roles and titles, but in the absence of an influential or cohesive constituency, Wald s vision of nurses as guardians of the public s health could only be partially realized. Today, once again, frightening diseases, alienation among the disenfranchised, a vexing economic climate, and unmet health needs of populations at greatest risk constitute a crisis in caring. As we anticipate the possibility of health care reform, one cannot help but wonder if public health nursing might have the opportunity to be reinvigorated and returned to the role Wald prescribed. As historian Susan Reverby suggested during a previous campaign for health reform, such a paradigm shift could go a long way toward making an inadequate medical care system into a health care system that provides for all the public. References C.-E.A. Winslow. The Untilled Fields of Public Health. Science, 51 (9 January, 1920): Karen Buhler-Wilkerson, Bringing Care to the People: Lillian Wald s Legacy to Public Health Nursing, American Journal of Public Health, 83 (December 1993): Karen Buhler-Wilkerson, Public Health Nursing: In Sickness or in Health? American Journal of Public Health, 75 (October 1985): Karen Buhler-Wilkerson. False Dawn: The Rise and Decline of Public Health Nursing, New York: Garland Publishing Co., Susan Reverby, From Lillian Wald to Hillary Rodham Clinton: What Will Happen to Public Health Nursing?"American Journal of Public Health, 83 (December 1993):
6 Marla Salmon, Editorial: Public Health Nursing The Opportunity of a Century, American Journal of Public Health, 83 (December 1993):
Home Care. Caring for the Sick at Home. Origins of Organized Home Care
Home Care Caring for the Sick at Home Patients with disabling illnesses have always required a complex assortment of private, voluntary, and public organizations to supplement family caregiving. The needs
More informationHistory of Psychiatric Hospitals
History of Psychiatric Hospitals Patricia D Antonio, PhD, RN, FAAN The history of psychiatric hospitals was once tied tightly to that of all American hospitals. Those who supported the creation of the
More informationChapter 2. History of Public Health and Public and Community Health Nursing CHAPTER SUMMARY
2-1 Chapter 2 History of Public Health and Public and Community Health Nursing CHAPTER SUMMARY The roles of public and community health nurses are varied and challenging. Throughout history, the roles
More informationSchool of Nursing. University of North Florida, College of Health. Proposal For Flagship Program Status. Respectfully Submitted by the
School of Nursing University of North Florida, College of Health Proposal For Flagship Program Status Respectfully Submitted by the School of Nursing Faculty April 29, 2005 2 School of Nursing Proposal
More informationCare Navigation Council. Nenick Vu Care Navigation Council Director
Care Navigation Council Nenick Vu Care Navigation Council Director Care Navigation Council The Challenge With the passage of the Affordable Care Act, Medi-Cal coverage for all legally present low income
More informationCornerstones from Public Health
Cornerstones of Public Health Nursing Public Health Nursing Practice: Focuses on the health of entire populations Reflects community priorities and needs Establishes caring relationships with communities,
More information2005 Collaboration Award Winner Collaboration with Community Partners. The 19130 Zip Code Service Learning Project
2005 Collaboration Award Winner Collaboration with Community Partners The 19130 Zip Code Service Learning Project Laureen Tavolaro-Ryley MSN, RN Department of Nursing, Community College of Philadelphia
More informationWORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION FIFTY-SIXTH WORLD HEALTH ASSEMBLY A56/27 Provisional agenda item 14.18 24 April 2003 International Conference on Primary Health Care, Alma-Ata: twenty-fifth anniversary Report
More informationHealth and Social Care Level 3. Unit 6 Sociological perspectives for health and social care
Unit 6 Sociological perspectives for health and social care Definitions of Health Instructions and answers for Teachers These instructions should accompany the OCR resource Definitions of Health, which
More informationMeasures have been taken, by the Utah Department of Health, Bureau of Health Promotions, to ensure no conflict of interest in this activity
Measures have been taken, by the Utah Department of Health, Bureau of Health Promotions, to ensure no conflict of interest in this activity KIM LOWE, RN, SCHOOL NURSE, PRESIDENT, USNA History is always
More informationThe Innovation of Diversity
cook 165 The Innovation of Diversity John Jeff R. Cook, Jr., Founder and former President, The Environmental Careers Organization summary While there are many reasons for diversity work, there is a strong
More informationdrug treatment in england: the road to recovery
The use of illegal drugs in England is declining; people who need help to overcome drug dependency are getting it quicker; and more are completing their treatment and recovering drug treatment in ENGlaND:
More informationMedical Staff Motivation - Essential Condition for Obtaining a High Level of Performance in Hospitals in Romania
Medical Staff Motivation - Essential Condition for Obtaining a High Level of Performance in Hospitals in Romania Adriana ZANFIR PhD Student The Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies zanfir.adriana@gmail.com
More informationREADY KIDS DENVER Ready Kids, Ready Families, Ready Communities Initiative A Proposal for Educational Achievement and Workforce Excellence
READY KIDS DENVER Ready Kids, Ready Families, Ready Communities Initiative A Proposal for Educational Achievement and Workforce Excellence With elections in May for a new Mayor and all thirteen City Council
More informationSimply put, we fear the unknown, deny the inevitable and hesitate to take action. Do any of these barriers resonate with you or your organization?
Succession Planning: Four Steps to Succession Readiness By Linda Fairburn ED succession planning who needs it? We all do according to six Canadian and U.S. studies that predict a not-for-profit executive
More informationA SCOPING REVIEW OF HEALTH VISITING AND SCHOOL NURSING
ANEURIN BEVAN HEALTH BOARD A SCOPING REVIEW OF HEALTH VISITING AND SCHOOL NURSING EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. Health visiting and school nursing services differ from other health services in that they are concerned
More informationGrantSpace - Collaboration Hub. Access to Healthcare Network. Participating Organizations. Primary Contact. Formation
GrantSpace - Collaboration Hub Access to Healthcare Network Participating Organizations Saint Mary's Regional Hospital, Reno, NV Primary Contact Name:Mike Johnson Title:CEO Email:mike.johnson@chw.edu Please
More informationHEALTH TRANSITION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN SRI LANKA LESSONS OF THE PAST AND EMERGING ISSUES
HEALTH TRANSITION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN SRI LANKA LESSONS OF THE PAST AND EMERGING ISSUES Dr. Godfrey Gunatilleke, Sri Lanka How the Presentation is Organized An Overview of the Health Transition in Sri
More informationAmerica s Oral Health
a me r i c a s Most Trusted D e n t a l l P a n America s Oral Health The State of Dental Benefits Compiled and published by Delta Dental Plans Association, this report cites data from industry and government
More informationMental Health in Schools and Public Health
Special Report on Child Mental Health Mental Health in Schools and Public Health Howard S. Adelman, PhD a Linda Taylor, PhD a Health policy and practice call for health and mental health parity and for
More informationPredictive Risk Modeling in the Healthcare Industry
Predictive Risk Modeling in the Healthcare Industry The Needs-awareness Gap Among Healthcare Payers The first in a series of peer-group reports A white paper based on independent research with senior managers
More informationQuestions and Answers on Universal Health Coverage and the post-2015 Framework
Questions and Answers on Universal Health Coverage and the post-2015 Framework How does universal health coverage contribute to sustainable development? Universal health coverage (UHC) has a direct impact
More informationThe Purpose of PR 2016
The Purpose of PR 2016 Research Report Contents Introduction Key findings Purpose of PR Tactics Budget Social media, SEO Media Relevance and importance of PR INTRODUCTION FROM XANTHE VAUGHAN WILLIAMS PR
More informationProgram Self-Assessment: Assess Your Current Program Components
Program Self-Assessment: Assess Your Current Program Components This assessment will be helpful in communities with existing home visiting programs. It outlines key program components in a format that
More informationQUALITY AND AFFORDABILITY: POLICIES FOR PRICING AND STRATEGIES FOR PAYING
QUALITY AND AFFORDABILITY: POLICIES FOR PRICING AND STRATEGIES FOR PAYING PREAMBLE One of the three policies that are the foundation of the California Master Plan for Higher Education is the maintenance
More informationA Working Paper from the Resilience project in the Centre for Health Policy and Management, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin
A Working Paper from the Resilience project in the Centre for Health Policy and Management, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin Measuring, Mapping and Making Sense of Irish Health System Performance
More informationAARP Position Against Preserving the Care of Seniors
New Hampshire Governor's Race New Hampshire HAVING TROUBLE CUTTING THROUGH THE POLITICAL CAMPAIGN CLUTTER? AARP is committed to helping you get the facts you need to choose candidates who reflect your
More informationCore Functions and Essential Services
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License. Your use of this material constitutes acceptance of that license and the conditions of use of materials on this
More informationHighway Traffic Monitoring
A2B08: Committee on Highway Traffic Monitoring Chairman: David L. Huft, South Dakota Department of Transportation Highway Traffic Monitoring MARK P. GARDNER, Fugro-BRE As the 20th century comes to a close,
More informationTHE RECOVERY COLLABORATIVE OF OKLAHOMA
STATE OF OKLAHOMA THE RECOVERY COLLABORATIVE OF OKLAHOMA OKLAHOMA DEPARTMENT OF MENTAL HEALTH AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE SERVICES OKLAHOMA HEALTH CARE AUTHORITY OKLAHOMA DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN SERVICES INTRODUCTION
More informationILLINOIS FORGOTTEN MIDDLE-SKILL JOBS: 2009
ILLINOIS FORGOTTEN MIDDLE-SKILL JOBS: 2009 AN UPDATED LOOK AT EMPLOYMENT AND EDUCATION PATTERNS IN ILLINOIS In September 2008, the Skills2Compete-Illinois campaign released Illinois Forgotten Middle-Skill
More informationAffordable Care Act, What s in it? Rural Young Adults. Alyssa Charney
Affordable Care Act, What s in it? Rural Young Adults No. 13 June 2011 Alyssa Charney Center for Rural Affairs The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act includes significant benefits for young adults.
More informationThe Clean Air Act and Public Health
Written Statement of Sarah Bucic, MSN, RN On behalf of the American Nurses Association and the Delaware Nurses Association The Clean Air Act and Public Health Before the Committee on Environment and Public
More informationFuture Perspectives of Health Insurance
The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance, 12 (No 45, October 1987), 291-296 Future Perspectives of Health Insurance by Thomas C. Ramey* 1. Trends affecting the future The challenge facing the State and
More informationElise Barho Tim Danielson Cathy Lloyd. The Power of Networks in Organizational Change
Elise Barho Tim Danielson Cathy Lloyd The Power of Networks in Organizational Change Agenda Introductions Complexities of the 21 st Century The Value of Networks The Role of Change Management University
More informationCONVERSION FOUNDATIONS: DEFINING MISSION AND STRUCTURE
When a nonprofit health care corporation becomes a for-profit corporation through conversion, merger or acquisition, most state laws require that the full value of the nonprofit be preserved for public
More informationComparing the Roles of School Counselors and School Psychologists: A Study of Preservice Teachers. Randall L. Astramovich and Scott A.
1 Comparing the Roles of School Counselors and School Psychologists: A Study of Preservice Teachers Randall L. Astramovich and Scott A. Loe University of Nevada, Las Vegas Comparing the Roles 2 Abstract
More informationIntroduction CHAPTER 1
1 CHAPTER 1 Introduction Many factors determine the health both of individuals and of the communities in which they live. These factors include income, social relationships, access to and use of basic
More informationUNICEF in South Africa
UNICEF in South Africa A message from the Representative 47,900,000 people live in South Africa 20,200,000 are children 294,000 children are HIV-positive 1 in 17 children die before their fifth birthday
More informationThe American Health Care System
2 HISTORICAL OUTLOOK OF PATIENT EDUCATION IN AMERICAN HEALTH CARE Objectives After completing Chapter 2, the reader will be able to: Describe the development of patient education in health care. Identify
More informationIII. World Population Growth
III. World Population Growth Population dynamics are one of the key factors to consider when thinking about development. In the past 50 years the world has experienced an unprecedented increase in population
More informationThe MetLife Survey of
The MetLife Survey of Challenges for School Leadership Challenges for School Leadership A Survey of Teachers and Principals Conducted for: MetLife, Inc. Survey Field Dates: Teachers: October 5 November
More informationPolicy Perspective Treatment and Recovery for Individuals and Families Experiencing Addiction January 11, 2016
Policy Perspective Treatment and Recovery for Individuals and Families Experiencing Addiction January 11, 2016 Addiction and Recovery in the 2016 political arena The issue of addiction has been addressed
More informationNursing Shortage in Utah
Caring Solving the Nursing Shortage CONTINUUM Assessment shortage of nurses creating health care crisis It affects the amount of time you spend with a patient. And that s a problem because that s the essence
More informationDigging Deeper into Safety and Injury Prevention Data
Digging Deeper into Safety and Injury Prevention Data Amanda Schwartz: Have you ever wondered how you could make your center safer using information you already collect? I'm Amanda Schwartz from the Head
More informationAffirming Baptism and Forming Faith
ABFF questions 1 Affirming Baptism and Forming Faith These discussion questions follow the sequence of the Affirming Baptism and Forming Faith document and may require four or more sessions. Facilitators
More informationEFFECTIVE STRATEGIC PLANNING IN MODERN INFORMATION AGE ORGANIZATIONS
EFFECTIVE STRATEGIC PLANNING IN MODERN INFORMATION AGE ORGANIZATIONS Cezar Vasilescu and Aura Codreanu Abstract: The field of strategic management has offered a variety of frameworks and concepts during
More informationFinancial Coaching: Understanding the Skills Needed to Become a Successful Coach
Financial Coaching: Understanding the Skills Needed to Become a Successful Coach Financial Coaching: Understanding the Skills Needed to Become a Successful Coach $ A Learning Series from the Financial
More informationWhat Makes Health Care Systems work? An international Perspective
What Makes Health Care Systems work? An international Perspective by Franz Knieps Managing Partner, Wiese Consult GmbH, Berlin, Germany (Former Director General for Health Care, Public Health Insurance,
More informationOpportunities & Challenges for Children with Complex Health Care Needs in Medicaid & CHIP Cindy Mann
Opportunities & Challenges for Children with Complex Health Care Needs in Medicaid & CHIP Cindy Mann Designing Systems that Work for Children with Complex Health Care Needs Lucile Packard Foundation for
More informationSubmission to the National Disability Insurance Scheme inquiry into accommodation for people with disabilities and the NDIS
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AUSTRALIA Submission to the National Disability Insurance Scheme inquiry into accommodation for people with disabilities and the NDIS 17 February 2016 Deidre Mackechnie Chief Executive
More informationLeadership is not a command to follow, but an invitation to move forward together.
1 Leadership is not a command to follow, but an invitation to move forward together. Leadership is the art and science of inspiring and enabling others to accomplish shared dreams. Many leadership theories
More informationKitchener Downtown Community Health Centre
Kitchener Downtown Community Health Centre Type of Policy: [ ] Administration (A) [ ] Client Services General (CG) [ ] Board of Directors (B) [ ] Client Services Programs (CP) [ ] Financial (F) [ ] Primary
More informationTITLING OF THE DOCTOR OF NURSING PRACTICE PROJECT 2013
1 Introduction NATIONAL ORGANIZATION OF NURSE PRACTITIONER FACULTIES STATEMENT TITLING OF THE DOCTOR OF NURSING PRACTICE PROJECT 2013 The purpose of this white paper is for the National Organization of
More informationFeasibility Study & Model Development of a Wellness Centre at: The Well / La Source Executive Summary
Prepared for the Anglican Diocese of Ottawa Feasibility Study & Model Development of a Wellness Centre at: The Well / La Source Executive Summary March 2012 Introduction The staff and Management Board
More informationA CHARTER OF EUROPEAN IDENTITY. Foreword
A CHARTER OF EUROPEAN IDENTITY 28 October 1995 Foreword In a speech to the European Parliament on March 8th, 1994, the poet Václav Havel, President of the Czech Republic, indicated the need for a Charter
More informationFrom: Kathy Simpson [mailto:kathy.simpson@alz.org] Sent: Thursday, March 29, 2012 10:54 AM To: My Opinion Subject: RE: MEDICAID REDESIGN
From: Kathy Simpson [mailto:kathy.simpson@alz.org] Sent: Thursday, March 29, 2012 10:54 AM To: My Opinion Subject: RE: MEDICAID REDESIGN The Alzheimer s Association, Georgia Chapter, appreciates the opportunity
More informationFlorida Licensed Practical Nurse Education: Academic Year 2011-2012
Florida Licensed Practical Nurse Education: Academic Year 2011-2012 This report presents the key findings regarding the Licensed Practice Nursing education system in Florida. The information in this report
More informationNurse Role Exploration Project: The Affordable Care Act and New Nursing Roles September 25, 2013
Nurse Role Exploration Project: The Affordable Care Act and New Nursing Roles September 25, 2013 This paper was funded by a grant from The California Wellness Foundation (TCWF). Created in 1992 as a private
More informationGartner Executive Programs. Hunting and Harvesting in a Digital World. Insights From the 2013 Gartner CIO Agenda Report
Gartner Executive Programs Hunting and Harvesting in a Digital World Insights From the 2013 Gartner CIO Agenda Report About the Gartner CIO Agenda Report The annual Gartner CIO Agenda Report is informed
More informationThe Future is Now: HR Competencies for High Performance
The RBL White Paper Series The Future is Now: HR Competencies for High Performance WAYNE BROCKBANK, DAVE ULRICH, JON YOUNGER, AND MIKE ULRICH The Future is Now: HR Competencies for High Performance * Wayne
More informationWashington in the 60s Discussion Guide
Washington in the 60s Discussion Guide The decade of the 1960s in Washington was a time of dramatic transformation and an era of great tumult and uncertainty, as the sleepy southern town became a bustling
More informationTri-Council for Nursing
For Immediate Release Tri-Council for Nursing Issues New Consensus Policy Statement on the Educational Advancement of Registered Nurses WASHINGTON, D.C., May 14, 2010 In light of the recent passage of
More informationHUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH A KEY PRIORITY FOR THE MINISTRY OF HEALTH
HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH A KEY PRIORITY FOR THE MINISTRY OF HEALTH BACKGROUND In line with a global awakening of the imminent crisis in human resources for health, the WHO country office has reflected
More informationFriends. Proposal to Designate The National Quality Forum as the National Coordinating & Standard-Setting Center for Performance Measures
Friends NQF of March 5, 2007 Proposal to Designate The National Quality Forum as the National Coordinating & Standard-Setting Center for Performance Measures Summary Statement A comprehensive measure development
More informationConsultation on Re-Building Health Care Together. Brief submitted by The New Brunswick Nurses Union
Consultation on Re-Building Health Care Together Brief submitted by The New Brunswick Nurses Union July 2012 Introduction The New Brunswick Nurses Union (NBNU) is a labour organization, representing over
More informationUSDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.
This project has been funded at least in part with Federal funds from the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the view or policies of the U.S. Department
More informationIntroduction to an English-language version of ArbetSam materials
Written by Kerstin Sjösvärd, Projekt manager English translation by Alexander Braddell Introduction to an English-language version of ArbetSam materials Introduction to an English language version of ArbetSam
More informationIs China Catching Up with the US?
12 Is China Catching Up with the US? Kenneth Lieberthal Opinion Kenneth Lieberthal Is China Catching Up with the US? While China has emerged as a key player in global affairs, significant challenges to
More informationPolicy Statement 16/2006. Acute and Multidisciplinary Working
RCN Policy Unit Policy Statement 16/2006 Acute and Multidisciplinary Working The Royal College of Nursing of the United Kingdom and the Royal College of Physicians (London) September 2006 Royal College
More informationToronto Preschool Speech and Language Program Redesign Implementation Update
HL7.5 STAFF REPORT INFORMATION ONLY Toronto Preschool Speech and Language Program Redesign Implementation Update Date: October 6, 2015 To: From: Wards: Board of Health Medical Officer of Health All Reference
More informationILLINOIS STATE UNIVERSITY EAF DEPARTMENT Fall 2009 PK-12 Ed.D. DISSERTATION OPTIONS
ILLINOIS STATE UNIVERSITY EAF DEPARTMENT Fall 2009 PK-12 Ed.D. DISSERTATION OPTIONS Since 1962, the Department of Educational Administration and Foundations (EAF) at Illinois State University (ISU) has
More informationCore Competencies for Public Health Professionals
Core Competencies for Public Health Professionals Revisions Adopted: May 2010 Available from: http://www.phf.org/programs/corecompetencies A collaborative activity of the Centers for Disease Control and
More informationCharter Schools Evaluation Synthesis
Charter Schools Evaluation Synthesis Report I: Report II: Selected Characteristics of Charter Schools, Programs, Students, and Teachers First Year's Impact of North Carolina Charter Schools on Location
More informationSubmission to the Productivity Commission Childcare and Early Childhood Learning February 2014. Background. The Montessori Australia Foundation (MAF)
Submission to the Productivity Commission Childcare and Early Childhood Learning February 2014 Background The Montessori sector is unique, diverse and significant in Australian education, particularly
More informationSix proposals to improve patient outcomes through collaboration between private hospitals and the public health care system in Ireland
25 th April 2016 Six proposals to improve patient outcomes through collaboration between private hospitals and the public health care system in Ireland Summary The Private Hospitals Association has published
More informationMaintaining Professional Flexibility: Issues Related to Accreditation of Postgraduate Physician Assistant Programs (Adopted 2005 and amended 2010)
Maintaining Professional Flexibility: Issues Related to Accreditation of Postgraduate (Adopted 2005 and amended 2010) Executive Summary of Policy Contained in this Paper Summaries will lack rationale and
More informationPaper 2 - Early intervention and prevention approaches for Social Care Wales (SCW)
Paper 2 - Early intervention and prevention approaches for Social Care Wales (SCW) Strategic Improvement Steering Group (SISG) Advice for the Minister for Health and Social Services Purpose This paper
More informationPatient Centered Medical Home: An Approach for the Health Plan
: An Approach for the Health Plan By Marissa A. Harper and JoAnn E. Balara Excellence in healthcare consulting The Medical Home Concept Works Recent Medicare demonstration projects on Patient Centered
More informationPrepared by: Kate Tarrant Prepared February 3, 2015
STATE POLICY TO PROMOTE EFFECTIVE TEACHING AND LEARNING Discussion Guide: In What Ways do Teaching Condition Support Effective Teachers? Prepared by: Kate Tarrant Prepared February 3, 2015 Please note
More informationSocial Informatics Today and Tomorrow: Status, Problems and Prospects of Development of Complex Lines in the Field of Science and Education
triplec 9(2): 460-465, 2011 ISSN 1726-670X http://www.triple-c.at Social Informatics Today and Tomorrow: Status, Problems and Prospects of Development of Complex Lines in the Field of Science and Education
More informationCHANGING PERCEPTIONS
CHANGING PERCEPTIONS CHANGING PERCEPTIONS Paul Russ Chief Executive / Artistic Director Dance4 Caroline Bowditch Scottish based independent disabled performance maker & choreographer Dance4 has a reputation
More informationPromoting Family Stability in a Down Economy Rae Jean Proeschold-Bell, Ph.D.
Promoting Family Stability in a Down Economy Rae Jean Proeschold-Bell, Ph.D. Intuitively we know that families matter greatly. Families impact the well-being of their children and are the back-bone of
More informationTanzania: Population, Reproductive Health & Development. Photo credits: IFAD / Christine Nesbitt and Robert Grossman and USAID.
Tanzania: Population, Reproductive Health & Development Photo credits: IFAD / Christine Nesbitt and Robert Grossman and USAID. Hosted by the Government Population Planning Section President s s Office,
More informationHuman resource management strategy
Human resource management strategy Executive summary Since 2007, the Department for International Development (DFID) has been supporting the implementation of the International Federation human resource
More informationDeveloping a Strong Need Statement
Developing a Strong Need Statement Statement of Need Also known as problem statement, need statement, or needs assessment Statement of need establishes the focus and rationale for the grant proposal or
More informationI would like to talk to you today about how the three Early Years Studies helped to mobilize change in Canadian early childhood policy and practice.
I would like to talk to you today about how the three Early Years Studies helped to mobilize change in Canadian early childhood policy and practice. This is not an account of breakthrough neurobiological
More informationPrinciples on Health Care Reform
American Heart Association Principles on Health Care Reform The American Heart Association has a longstanding commitment to approaching health care reform from the patient s perspective. This focus including
More informationEngaging Armed Groups the practical challenges: negotiation support
@ Background Paper 4c Engaging Armed Groups the practical challenges: negotiation support David Gorman, Andre le Sage HD Centre 1. Introduction This paper outlines the reasons why mediators might provide
More informationFree healthcare services for pregnant and lactating women and young children in Sierra Leone
Free healthcare services for pregnant and lactating women and young children in Sierra Leone November 2009 Government of Sierra Leone Contents Foreword 3 Country situation 4 Vision 5 Approach 6 Focus 6
More informationTrends in 401(k) Plans and Retirement Rewards. research. A Report by WorldatWork and the American Benefits Institute March 2013
and Retirement Rewards research A Report by WorldatWork and the American Benefits Institute March 2013 Contact: WorldatWork Customer Relations 14040 N. Northsight Blvd. Scottsdale, Arizona USA 85260-3601
More information12/17/2010 MS in Financial Economics resolution University Senate
University Senate Proposed: January 29, 2010 Adopted: January 29, 2010 by voice vote with one nay and one abstention RESOLUTION TO ESTABLISH A PROGRAM LEADING TO THE MASTER OF SCIENCE IN FINANCIAL ECONOMICS
More informationThe Role of Education in Safe and Effective Pain Management Kevin L. Zacharoff, MD
The Role of Education in Safe and Effective Pain Management Kevin L. Zacharoff, MD 1 Multiple opportunities for training do not necessarily lead to quality instruction When something has a bunch of different
More informationCASN Public Health Education Survey
CASN Public Health Education Survey GLOSSARY Definitions are from the Canadian Community Health Nursing Standards of Practice 1 (http://www.communityhealthnursescanada.org/standards.htm) unless otherwise
More informationREGULATIONS FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF NURSING (PART-TIME) (BNurs)
1425 REGULATIONS FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF NURSING (PART-TIME) (BNurs) These regulations apply to candidates admitted to the first year of study in the academic year 2008-2009 and thereafter. (See
More informationREGULATIONS FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF NURSING (PART-TIME) (BNurs)
1257 REGULATIONS FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF NURSING (PART-TIME) (BNurs) These regulations apply to candidates admitted to the first year of study in the academic year 2008-2009 and thereafter. (See
More informationPalliative Nursing. An EssEntiAl REsouRcE for HospicE And palliative nurses
Palliative Nursing An EssEntiAl REsouRcE for HospicE And palliative nurses American Nurses Association Silver Spring, Maryland 2014 American Nurses Association 8515 Georgia Avenue, Suite 400 Silver Spring,
More informationU.S. Senate Finance Committee Hearing on Health Insurance Market Reform
U.S. Senate Finance Committee Hearing on Health Insurance Market Reform Testimony of Pam MacEwan Executive Vice President, Public Affairs and Governance Group Health Cooperative September 23, 2008 Washington,
More informationSupporting a New Paradigm to Help Rural Hospitals Survive
Supporting a New Paradigm to Help Rural Hospitals Survive Traditional healthcare models won t stop the closure of rural hospitals. Effective solutions will require new approaches, sharp creative thinking
More informationProcedures for Submitting Requests for New Degree Major Programs for Inclusion on the San Diego State Academic Master Plan
Procedures for Submitting Requests for New Degree Major Programs for Inclusion on the San Diego State Academic Master Plan Requests for new degree programs should be submitted through the college curricular
More information