Security Content Automation Protocol for Governance, Risk, Compliance, and Audit
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1 UNCLASSIFIED Security Content Automation Protocol for Governance, Risk, Compliance, and Audit presented by: Tim Grance The National Institute of Standards and Technology UNCLASSIFIED
2 Agenda NIST s IT Security Automation Agenda Definitions of Security Content Automation Protocol (SCAP) How SCAP Works SCAP for Compliance Use Cases Emerging Use Cases SCAP Validation Program Relevant NIST Publications Recommendations
3 Enterprise Information Security Reporting Flow Diagram Software Flaw Alerts Software Flaw Assessment Security Content Automation Protocol Security Configuration Assessment Asset Inventory Vulnerability Remediation System Approval Configuration Standards Configuration Inventory 3
4 Definitions of SCAP -A technology to bring interoperability to vulnerability management products of differing manufacture -A standard input and output format for vulnerability management products -Standardized and transparent expression of security configurations and software flaws - A suite of vulnerability management specifications that together enable standardization and automation of vulnerability management, measurement, and technical policy compliance checking -A vehicle for network hygiene -The plumbing for delivering information security to the enterprise
5 What is SCAP? How Standardizing the format by which we communicate Protocol What Standardizing the information we communicate Content CVE CVSS OVAL XCCDF CCE 70 million hits per year 20 new vulnerabilities per day, over 6,000 per year Mis-configuration cross references Reconciles software flaws from US CERT and MITRE repositories Spanish translation Produces XML feed for NVD content
6 Security Content Automation Protocol (SCAP) Standardizing How We Communicate CVE Common Vulnerability Enumeration Standard nomenclature and dictionary of security related software flaws CCE Common Configuration Enumeration Standard nomenclature and dictionary of software misconfigurations Common Platform Enumeration Standard nomenclature and dictionary for product naming XCCDF extensible Checklist Configuration Description Format Standard XML for specifying checklists and for reporting results of checklist evaluation OVAL Open Vulnerability and Assessment Language Standard XML for test procedures Cisco, Qualys, Symantec, Carnegie Mellon University CVSS Common Vulnerability Scoring System Standard for measuring the impact of vulnerabilities
7 Integrating IT and IT Security Through SCAP Vulnerability Management CVE CVSS Misconfiguration OVAL Asset Management XCCDF CCE Compliance Management Configuration Management CVE CCE XCCDF OVAL CVSS Common Vulnerability Enumeration Common Platform Enumeration Common Configuration Enumeration extensible Checklist Configuration Description Format Open Vulnerability and Assessment Language Common Vulnerability Scoring System
8 Understanding Software Flaw Exposure Vulnerability Management Asset Inventory CVE CVSS Software Flaw Alert OVAL Asset Management XCCDF CCE Configuration Management Compliance Management
9 Existing Federal Content Standardizing What We Communicate In response to NIST being named in the Cyber Security R&D Act of 2002 Encourages vendor development and maintenance of security guidance Currently hosts 135 separate guidance documents for over 165 IT products Translating this backlog of checklists into the Security Content Automating Protocol (SCAP) Participating organizations: DISA, NSA, NIST, Hewlett-Packard, CIS, ITAA, Oracle, Sun, Apple, Microsoft, Citadel, LJK, Secure Elements, ThreatGuard, MITRE Corporation, G2, Verisign, Verizon Federal, Kyocera, Hewlett-Packard, ConfigureSoft, McAfee, etc. Over 4 million hits per month About 20 new vulnerabilities per day Mis-configuration cross references to: NIST SP Security Controls (All 17 Families and 163 controls) DoD IA Controls DISA VMS Vulnerability IDs Gold Disk VIDs DISA VMS PDI IDs NSA References DCID ISO Reconciles software flaws from: US CERT Technical Alerts US CERT Vulnerability Alerts (CERTCC) MITRE OVAL Software Flaw Checks MITRE CVE Dictionary Produces XML feed for NVD content
10 National Checklist Program Hosted at National Vulnerability Database Website
11 How SCAP Works Report Checklist XCCDF Platform Misconfiguration General Impact Software Flaw General Impact XCCDF CCE coming soon* CVE CVSS Commercial Government Tools Specific Impact Results Specific Impact Results coming soon* CVSS Test Procedures OVAL Patches OVAL * NIST IR-7502: DRAFT The Common Configuration Scoring System (CCSS)
12 Linking Configuration to Compliance REFERENCES IA-5 - Authenticator Management NIST : , , , , , , , , GAO FISCAM: AC-3.2 DOD : IAKM-1, IATS-1 DCID 6/3: 4.B.2.a(7), 4.B.3.a(11) CobIT DS5 ISO/IEC 17799: , HIPAA SR (a)(1) Access Control PCI Data Security Standard v Section Table A-1.4 DISA STIG Section DISA Gold Disk ID 7082 PDI IAIA-12B NSA Chapter 4 - Table 1 Row 4 CCE minimum-password-length RULE CCE minimum-password-length test procedures Operational Efficiency Map it up-front Map it only once Map it with expertise - let technologists be technologists Support standardized builds Communicate clearly and definitively Communicate broadly Slogans A Scan Once, Report Many technology Make compliance a by-product of security
13 Controls with Automated Checking Control Control Control Tool Set Automation Count Percent Example Framework Tools Full Automation Partial Automation 49 30% PL-2 System Security Plan Security Content Automation Protocol Future Automation Techniques or No Automation Full Automation 31 19% AC-11 Session Lock Partial Automation 39 24% AC-8 System Use Notification 44 27% AC-1 Access Control Policy and Procedures Total Controls %
14 Risk Management Framework ORGANIZATIONAL VIEW Architecture Description FEA Reference Models Segment and Solution Architectures Mission and Business Processes Information System Boundaries Risk Executive Function Starting Point Organizational Inputs Laws, Directives, Policy Guidance Strategic Goals and Objectives Priorities and Resource Availability Supply Chain Considerations Repeat as necessary Step 6 MONITOR Security State SP / 800-5A Step 5 AUTHORIZE Information Systems SP Plan of Actions & Milestones Go Live Decision System Risk Acceptance Accreditation Certification and Accreditation Similarly - SAS-70 Type II Audits Step 1 CATEGORIZE Information Systems FIPS 199 / SP RISK MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK Security Life Cycle Step 4 ASSESS Security Controls SP A Security Assessment Report Step 2 SELECT Security Controls FIPS 200 / SP Security Plan Step 3 IMPLEMENT Security Controls SP
15 Use Case: The Office of Management and Budget Federal Desktop Core Configuration Repeatable Assessments and Uniform Reporting OMB 31 July 2007 Memo to CIOs: Establishment of Windows XP and VISTA Virtual Machine and Procedures for Adopting the Federal Desktop Core Configurations Your agency can now acquire information technology products that are self-asserted by information technology providers as compliant with the Windows XP & VISTA FDCC, and use NIST s Security Content Automation Protocol (S-CAP) to help evaluate providers selfassertions. Information technology providers must use S-CAP validated tools, as they become available, to certify their products do not alter these configurations, and agencies must use these tools when monitoring use of these configurations.
16 Use Case: The Office of Secretary of Defense Computer Network Defense Data Pilot CND Data Model Overview Integrated and Timely Situational Awareness IP Vuln Asset Config IDs Env Info HW SW net CCE IP MAC EIN FQDN cert owner MAC location IP location Category DHCP Event IP Vulnerability CVSS Remedy CCE CVE MAC Event NAT Event IP CVE CCE Sig Event CVE CEE Event IP/MAC CVE CCE Event IP Assessment Incident Threat IDs Technique Exploit Actor IP Actor Asset IP IP CME CVE Vuln CME Exploit Vuln CME Anomaly Evnt CEE Flow Event IP Log Event CEE
17 Use Case: The Payment Card Industry Technical and Operational Reqs for ASVs Standardized Software Flaw Content and Impact Scores Version 1.1 of Technical and Operational Requirements for Approved Scanning Vendors (ASVs) The detailed report must be readable and accurate, and must include the following: Detailed statement for each vulnerability found on the customer infrastructure, including: Industry reference numbers such as CVE, CAN, or Bugtraq ID Severity level - Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS), base score, as indicated in the National Vulnerability Database (NVD), (where available)
18 International Adoption Spanish Government Italian Government European Union/EC Japanese Government
19 Emerging Use Cases SCAP Checklists as software flaw alert format SCAP Reports as technical appendix to system risk acceptance documents SCAP Checklists as communication from central OCIO, IG, and audit bodies on implementation expectations SCAP Reports as evidence of implementation and adjustment of technical security controls (e.g., evidence for SAS-70 Type II audit) SCAP Reports to perform comparative analysis for infrastructure connections (e.g., long-term partnerships, merger, acquisition)
20 SCAP Validation Program Status As of 6 January 2009, 11 months of operation 10 Accredited labs Validated Products 13 vendors 19 products 68 capabilities-based validations 13 standards-based validations All 13 vendors and 17/19 products are FDCC Scanner validated and more to come in 2009.
21 SCAP Documentation SP : DRAFT Adopting and Using Security Content Automation Protocol COMING SOON SP : Security Content Automation Protocol Specification SP Rev 1: DRAFT National Checklist Program for IT Products- -Guidelines for Checklist Users and Developers IR-7511: DRAFT Security Content Automation Protocol (SCAP) Validation Program Test Requirements IR-7435: The Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) and Its Applicability to Federal Agency Systems IR-7275 Rev 3: Specification for the Extensible Configuration Checklist Description Format (XCCDF) Version IR-7502: DRAFT The Common Configuration Scoring System (CCSS)
22 Recommendations Investigate use of SCAP for existing use cases talk with stakeholders and NIST Consider emerging use cases talk with NIST Determine if your current tool set has been SCAP Validated visit Read relevant NIST documents Join mailing lists to monitor community dialog Attend the Fifth Annual Security Automation Conference in Fall 2009
23 Questions? Presenter: Tim Grance SCAP Homepage: SCAP Validation Tools: SCAP Validation Homepage: National Checklist Program: National Vulnerability Database:
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