Some Inequalities for p-geominimal Surface Area and Related Results

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Some Inequalities for p-geominimal Surface Area and Related Results"

From this document you will learn the answers to the following questions:

  • What is the Theorem?

  • What does the ad oly do to K ad L?

  • What area does the Bru - Mikowski type iequalities of?

Transcription

1 IAENG Iteratioal Joural of Applied Mathematics, 46:1, IJAM_46_1_14 Some Iequalities for p-geomiimal Surface Area ad Related Results Togyi Ma, Yibi Feg Abstract The cocepts of p-affie ad p-geomiimal surface areas were itroduced by Lutwak I this paper, we establish some Bru-Mikowski type iequalities of p-geomiimal surface area combiig L p-polar curvature image with various combiatios of covex bodies Moreover, we discuss the equivalece of several iequalities, ad also obtai some results similar to p-geomiimal surface area for the p-affie surface area Idex Terms covex bodies, p-affie surface area, p- geomiimal surface area, Bru-Mikowski type iequality I INTRODUCTION LET K deote the set of covex bodies compact, covex subsets with oempty iteriors) i -dimesioal Euclidea space R For the set of covex bodies cotaiig the origi i their iteriors, the set of covex bodies whose cetroids lie at the origi ad the set of origi-symmetric covex bodies i R, we write Ko, Ke ad Kc, respectively So ad Sc respectively deote the set of star bodies about the origi) ad the set of origi-symmetric star bodies i R Let S 1 deote the uit sphere i R, ad let VK) deote the -dimesioal volume of a bodyk For the stadard uit ball B i R, we use ω = VB ) to deote its volume The study of affie surface area goes back to Blaschke [1] ad is about oe hudred years old It was geeralized to the p-affie surface area by Lutwak i [10] Sice the, cosiderable attetio has bee paid to the p-affie surface area, which is ow at the core of the rapidly developig L p - Bru-Mikowski theorysee articles [4], [5], [6], [8], [11], [1], [13], [14], [17], [19], [4], [8] or books [7], []) I particular, affie isoperimetric iequalities related to the p-affie surface area ca be foud i [10], [9] Aother fudametal cocept i covex geometry is geomiimal surface area, itroduced by Petty [19] more tha three decades ago As Petty explaied i [19], the geomiimal surface area coects the affie geometry, relative geometry ad Mikowski geometry Hece it receives a lot of attetio see [19], [0], [3]) The geomiimal surface area was exteded to p-geomiimal surface area by Lutwak i his semial paper [10] The p-geomiimal surface area shares may properties with the p-affie surface area For istace, both are affie ivariat ad have the same degree of homogeeity However, the p-geomiimal surface area is differet from the p-affie surface area For istace, ulike the p-affie surface area, p-geomiimal surface area has o Mauscript received Jue 6, 015; revised October 15, 015 This work was supported by the Natioal Natural Sciece Foudatio of Chia uder Grat ad , ad was supported by the Sciece ad Techology Pla of the Gasu Provice uder Grat 145RJZG7 T Y Ma is with the College of Mathematics ad Statistics, Hexi Uiversity, Zhagye, , Chia matogyi@16com Y B Feg is the College of Mathematics ad Statistics, Hexi Uiversity, Zhagye, , Chia fegyibi001@163com ice itegral expressio This leads to a big obstacle o extedig the p-geomiimal surface area There are may papers o p-affie ad p-geomiimal surface areas, see eg, [16], [18], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [30], [3] Based o the otio of L p -mixed volume, Lutwak itroduced the cocepts of p-affie ad p-geomiimal surface areas, respectively For p 1 ad K K o, the p-affie surface area, Ω pk), was defied i [10] by p Ωp K) +p = if{v p K,Q )VQ) p : Q S o } Here V p K,Q ) deotes the L p -mixed volume of K ad Q see Sectio II A) ad Q deotes the polar of body Q see Sectio II C) For p 1, Lutwak i [10] defied the p-geomiimal surface area, K), of K K o by ω p K) = if{v p K,Q)VQ ) p : Q K o } 1) Further, Lutwak obtaied the followig iequalities for the p-affie ad the p-geomiimal surface areas Lemma 11 Theorem 48 i [10]) Let K K e ad p 1 The Ω p K) +p +p ω p VK) p, ) with equality if ad oly if K is a ellipsoid Lemma 1 Theorem 31 i [10]) Let K K o adp 1 The K) ω p VK) p, 3) with equality if ad oly if K is a ellipsoid Lemma 13 [10] p 50) Let K Fo ad p 1 The Ω p K) +p ω ) p K), 4) with equality if ad oly if K is of p-elliptic type A covex body K K o is said to have a L p-curvature fuctio see [10]) f p K, ) : S 1 R, if its L p -surface area measure S p K, ) is absolutely cotiuous with respect to spherical Lebesgue measure S, ad ds p K, ) = f p K, ) ds Let Fo,F c deote the set of all bodies i K o,k c respectively, ad both of them have a positive cotiuous curvature fuctio If K Sc, ad p 1, the defie Λ p K F c, the L p- polar curvature image of K, by f p Λ pk, ) = ω VK) ρk, )+p 5) Whe p = 1, we write Λ 1K = ΛK, it is just the classical curvature image see [1], [14]); Whe p > 1, it was defied by Yua, Zhu, Lv ad Leg see [15], [30], [31]) Advace olie publicatio: 15 February 016)

2 IAENG Iteratioal Joural of Applied Mathematics, 46:1, IJAM_46_1_14 The followig theorems are our mai results: Combiig L p -polar curvature image with p-geomiimal surface area, we establish several Bru-Mikowski type iequalities of the p-geomiimal surface area Theorem 14 If p 1,K,L Kc, ad λ,µ 0 ot both zero), the Λ p λ K + p µ L) ) λ Λ p K)+µΛ pl), 6) with equality for p = 1 if ad oly if K ad L are homothetic, ad for p > 1 if ad oly if K ad L are dilates Here, λ K + p µ L deotes the L p -Firey combiatio of K ad L see 10)) Theorem 15 If 1 p,k,l K c, ad λ,µ 0 ot both zero), the Λ p λk + p µl) ) λ Λ pk)+µ Λ pl) 7) The reverse iequality holds whe p > Equality holds i every iequality whe p if ad oly if K is a dilate of L Here, λk + p µl deotes the L p -radial combiatio of K ad L see 13)) Theorem 16 If p 1,K,L K c, ad λ,µ 0 ot both zero), the Λ p λ K + p µ L) ) 1 λgp Λ pk) 1 +µ Λ pl) 1, 8) with equality if ad oly if K ad L are dilates Here, λ K + p µ L deotes the L p -harmoic radial combiatio of K ad L see 16)) Theorem 17 If p 1,K,L F c, ad λ,µ 0 ot both zero), the λk + p µl ) λ K)+µ L), 9) with equality for p = 1 if ad oly if K ad L are homothetic, for p > 1 if ad oly if K ad L are dilates Here, λk + p µl deotes the Blaschke L p -combiatio of K ad L see 3)) Please see the ext sectio for above iterrelated otatios, defiitios ad their backgroud materials The proofs of Theorems will be give i Sectio III of this paper Moreover, we derive the equivalece of several iequalities i Sectio IV II PRELIMINARIES A L p -Firey Combiatio ad L p -mixed Volume If K K, the its support fuctio, h K = hk, ) : R, ), is defied by see [])hk,x) = max{x y : y K}, x R, where x y deotes the stadard ier product of x ad y For real p 1,K,L Ko, ad α,β 0 ot both zero), the L p -Firey combiatio, α K + p β L, is defied by see []) K o hα K + p β L, ) p = αhk, ) p +βhl, ) p 10) For p 1, the L p -mixed volume, V p K,L), of K,L, was defied i [9] by p V VK + p ε L) VL) pk,l) = lim It was show i [9] that correspodig to each K Ko there is a positive Borel measure S p K, ) o S 1 such that V p K,Q) = 1 hq,u) p ds p K,u) S 1 for all Q K o It turs out that the L p -surface area measure S p K, ) o S 1 is absolutely cotiuous with respect to SK, ), ad has the Rado-Nikodym derivative ds p K, ) dsk, ) = h1 p K, ) TheL p -Bru-Mikowski iequality was give by Lutwak i [9]: If K,L K o,λ,µ > 0, ad p 1, the Vλ K + p µ L) p/ λvk) p/ +µvl) p/, 11) with equality for p = 1 if ad oly if K ad L are homothetic, ad for p > 1 if ad oly if K ad L are dilates Takigλ = µ = 1 adl = K i 10), thel p-differece body, p K, of K was give by see [9]) p K = 1 K + p 1 K) 1) B L p -radial Combiatio ad L p -dual Mixed Volume If K is a compact star-shaped about the origi) set i R, the its radial fuctio, ρ K = ρk, ) : R \{0} [0, ), is defied by see []) ρk,u) = max{λ 0 : λu K}, u S 1 If ρ K is positive ad cotiuous, the K will be called a star body about the origi) Two star bodies K adlare said to be dilated of oe aother ifρ K u)/ρ L u) is idepedet of u S 1 If K,L So ad λ,µ 0 ot both zero), the for p > 0, the L p -radial combiatio, λk + p µ L So, is defied by see [3]) ρλk + p µl, ) p = λρk, ) p +µρl, ) p 13) For p 1, ad K,L S o, the L p -dual mixed volume, Ṽ p K,L), was defied i [3] by VK + p εl) VK) pṽpk,l) = lim The followig itegral represetatio for the L p -dual mixed volume was obtaied i [3]: If p 1, ad K,L So, the Ṽ p K,L) = 1 ρk,u) p ρl,u) p dsu), S 1 where S is the spherical Lebesgue measure o S 1 ie, the 1)-dimesioal Hausdorff measure) We shall eed the followig L p -dual Bru-Mikowski iequality see [3]): If K,L S o ad 0 < p, the VλK + p µl) p/ λvk) p/ +µvl) p/ 14) The reverse iequality holds whe p > Equality holds whe p if ad oly if K is a dilate of L Takig λ = µ = 1 ad L = K i 13), the L p-radial body, p K, of K is defied by p K = 1 K + 1 p K) 15) Advace olie publicatio: 15 February 016)

3 IAENG Iteratioal Joural of Applied Mathematics, 46:1, IJAM_46_1_14 C L p -harmoic Radial Combiatio adl p -harmoic Mixed Volume For K,L So, p 1 ad λ,µ 0 ot both zero), the L p -harmoic radial combiatio, λ Kˆ+ p µ L So, is defied bysee [10]) ρλ Kˆ+ p µ L, ) p = λρk, ) p +µρl, ) p 16) If K K o, the polar set, K, of K is defied by K = {x R : x y 1, for all y K} 17) From 17), we ca easily have K ) = K, ad h K = 1 ρ K, ρ K = 1 h K 18) for K K o By 10), 16) ad 18), it follows that if K,L K o ad λ,µ 0 ot both zero), the λ Kˆ+ p µ L = λ K + p µ L ) Defie the Sataló product of K K o by VK)VK ) The Blaschke-Sataló iequality see []) is oe of the fudametal affie isoperimetric iequalities It states that if K K c the VK)VK ) ω, with equality if ad oly if K is a ellipsoid For p 1 ad K,L S o, the L p-harmoic mixed volume, Ṽ pk,l), is defied by see [10]) VK + p ε L) VK) pṽ pk,l) = lim From the polar coordiate formula, the followig itegral represetatio was give i [10]: If p 1 ad K,L So, the Ṽ p K,L) = 1 ρk,u) +p ρl,u) p dsu) S 1 The Mikowski s iequality for the L p -harmoic mixed volume ca be stated that see [10]): Ifp 1 adk,l S o, the Ṽ p K,L) VK) +p VL) p, 19) with equality if ad oly if K ad L are dilates The Bru-Mikowski iequality for the L p -harmoic radial combiatio ca be stated that see [10]): Suppose K,L So,p 1 ad λ,µ > 0, the Vλ Kˆ+ p µ L) p/ λvk) p/ +µvl) p/, 0) with equality if ad oly if K ad L are dilates each other Takig λ = µ = 1 ad L = K i 16), the L p-harmoic radial body, p K, of K is defied by p K = 1 K + 1 p K) 1) D L p -affie Surface Area, L p -curvature Image ad Blaschke L p -combiatio I [10], Lutwak defied the L p -affie surface area as follows: For K Fo ad p 1, the L p-affie surface area, Ω p K), of K is defied by Ω p K) = f p K,u) +p dsu) S 1 Further, Lutwak [10] showed the otio of L p -curvature image as follows: For ayk Fo adp 1, defieλ pk So, the L p -curvature image of K, by ρλ p K, ) +p = VΛ pk) ω f p K, ) ) Note that for p = 1, this defiitio is differet from the classical curvature image see [14]) The defiitio of Blaschke L p -combiatio for covex bodies may be stated that see [9]) for K,L K c,λ,µ 0 ot both zero) ad p 1, the Blaschke L p - combiatio, λk + p µl K c, of K ad L is defied by ds p λk + p µl, ) = λds p K, )+µds p L, ) 3) Takig λ = µ = 1 ad L = K i 3), the Blaschke L p -body, p K Kc, of K is defied by see [9]) p K = 1 K + 1 p K) 4) From ) ad 3), Wag ad Leg [6] proved the followig L p -Bru-Mikowski iequality: If K,L Fc,λ,µ > 0 ad p 1, the VΛ p λk + p µl)) p/ λvλ p K) p/ +µvλ p L) p/, 5) with equality for p = 1 if ad oly if K ad L are homothetic, for p > 1 if ad oly if K ad L are dilates III PROOFS OF THEOREMS I this sectio, we prove Theorems Takig L = Q i Propositio 34 of [31], we immediately give: Lemma 31 If p 1 ad K K c, the for ay Q K o, V p Λ pk,q) = ω Ṽ p K,Q )/VK) 6) Lemma 3 If p 1 ad K K c, the Proof Λ pk) = ω p VK) p 7) By 1), 6) ad 7), we have Λ pk) = ω p if{v p Λ pk,q)vq ) p : Q K o } = ω p if{ω Ṽ p K,Q )VQ ) p /VK) : Q K o } ω p : Q K o } = ω p VK) p if{vk) +p VQ ) p VQ ) p /VK) O the other had, from 1) ad 6), it follows that for ay Q K o Λ p K) ω p V p Λ p K,Q)VQ ) p = ω p Ṽ p K,Q )VQ ) p /VK) Advace olie publicatio: 15 February 016)

4 IAENG Iteratioal Joural of Applied Mathematics, 46:1, IJAM_46_1_14 Sice K K c, ad takig Q = K, we obtia Λ p pk) ω VK) p Above all, we yield equality 7) Proof of Theorem 14 From 7) ad 11), it follows that Λ p λ K + p µ L)) = ω p Vλ K + p µ L)) p λω p VK) p p +µω VL) p = λ Λ pk)+µ Λ pl) From the equality coditio of iequality 11), we kow that equality holds i 6) for p = 1 if ad oly if K ad L are homothetic, ad for p > 1 if ad oly if K ad L are dilates Accordig to 6) ad 1), we easily get that if K K c ad p 1, the Λ p pk)) = Λ p K) Proof of Theorem 15 It follows from 7) ad 14) that for 1 p, Λ pλk + p µl)) = ω p VλK + p µl)) p λω p VK) p p +µω VL) p = λ Λ p K)+µΛ p L) The reverse iequality holds whe p > From the equality coditio of iequality 14), we kow that equality holds i 7) whe p if ad oly if K is a dilate of L Together 7) with 15), we easily get that if K K c ad p, the Proof of Theorem 16 Λ p p K)) = Λ pk) By 7) ad 0), we have Λ pλ K + p µ L)) 1 ) 1Vλ K + p µ L)) p = ω p λ ω p ) 1VK) p p) +µ ω 1VL) p = λ Λ pk) 1 +µ Λ pl) 1 From the equality coditio of iequality 0), we kow that equality holds i 8) if ad oly if K ad L are dilates A immediate cosequece of Theorem 16 is: Corollary 33 With the same assumptios of Theorem I, if λ,µ > 0, the 4 Λ pλ K + p µ L)) 1 λ Λ pk)+ 1 µ Λ pl), 8) with equality if ad oly if K ad L are dilates each other Proof Usig Cauchy s iequality ad the arithmetic mea-harmoic mea iequality i 8), we have Λ p λ K + p µ L)) 1 λ Λ pk) 1 +µ Λ pl) 1 1 4λ Λ p K)+ 1 4λ Λ p L) This yields the desired iequality Combiig 8) with 1), we easily get that if K K c ad p 1, the Λ p p K)) = Λ p K) Lemma 34 For p 1, the mappig Λ p : Fc Sc is bijective Proof For the case p = 1, sice Λ = Λ 1 is the classical curvature image ad Λ : Sc F c is a bijectio see [14], p50), Λ 1 is a bijectio For p > 1, Λ p : S c F c was proved i Propositio 36 of [31] that it is also a bijectio Thus for p 1, Λ p : S c F c is bijective From the defiitio of the L p -polar curvature image Λ p, we kow that it is the iverse of the L p -curvature image Λ p This implies that Λ p is a bijectio o the class of origi-symmetric bodies for p 1 Proof of Theorem 17 It follows from 5) thatλ p = Λ 1 p is the iverse image of Λ p By Lemma 34, equatio 7) ad iequality 5), we have λk + p µl) = Λ pλ p λk + p µl) = ω p VΛ p λk + p µl)) p λω p = λ K)+µ L) VΛ p K) p p +µω VΛ p L) p From the equality coditio of 5), we kow that equality holds i 9) for p = 1 if ad oly if K ad L are homothetic, ad for p > 1 if ad oly if K ad L are dilates By 9) ad 4), we easily get that if K F c ad p 1, the p K) = K) IV THE EQUIVALENCE OF SEVERAL INEQUALITIES Defie M p = {K F o : there exists a Q K o with f p K, ) = hq, ) +p) }, ad call it the p-elliptic type if K M p see [10]) The followig lemma is a direct cosequece of Lemma 13 Lemma 41 Suppose K M p ad p 1, the Ω p K) +p = ω ) p K) 9) Let Fe deote the set of all bodies i K e which has a positive cotiuous curvature fuctio Combiig iequality ) with iequality 3), it follows from Lemma 41 that Theorem 4 Suppose K Fe ad p 1 If K M p, the iequality 3) is equivalet to iequality ) Lutwak [10] proved the followig Blaschke-Sataló type iequality for p-affie surface area Theorem 410 i [10]): If p 1 ad K Ke, the Ω p K)Ω p K ) ω ), 30) with equality if ad oly if K is a ellipsoid From 9) ad 30), we get the followig Blaschke-Sataló type iequality for p-geomiimal surface area Advace olie publicatio: 15 February 016)

5 IAENG Iteratioal Joural of Applied Mathematics, 46:1, IJAM_46_1_14 Theorem 43 For p 1 ad K K e, if K M p, the K) K ) ω ), 31) with equality if ad oly if K is a ellipsoid If p 1 ad K Ko, the there exists a uique body T p K Ko such thatsee see Propositio 33 i [10]) K) = V p K,T p K) ad VT p K) = ω A body i Ko will be called p-selfmiimal if T p K ad K are dilates of each other For K Ko, Lutwak [10] defied the p-geomiimal area ratio of K by Gp K) ) 1/p VK) p, ad proved that the p-geomiimal area ratios are mootoe o-decreasig i p see Theorem 63 i [10]): If K Ko, ad 1 p q, the Gp K) ) 1/p Gq K) ) 1/q VK) p VK) q, 3) with equality if ad oly if K is p-selfmiimal For K Ko, Lutwak [10] defied the p-affie area ratio of K by Ωp K) +p ) 1/p +p VK) p, ad also obtaied that the p-affie area ratios are mootoe o-decreasig i p see Propositio 513 i [10]): If K Fo, ad 1 p q, the Ωp K) +p ) 1/p Ωq K) +q ) 1/q +p VK) p +q VK) q, 33) with equality if ad oly if K ad Λ p K are dilates The equatio 9) implies that if K M p ad p 1, the Ωp K) +p ) 1/p Gp K) ) 1/p +p VK) p = ω VK) p 34) It is clear from 34) that for K M p iequality 3) ad iequality 33) are equivalet Lutwak proved the followig iequalities 35) ad 36) for the p-affie area ratio of K ad the p-geomiimal area ratio of K Obviously, they are also equivalet for K M p If K Fo, ad p 1, the see Propositio 47 i [10]) Ωp K) +p ) 1/p VK)VK ), 35) +p VK) p with equality if ad oly if K ad Λ p K are dilates If K Ko, ad p 1, the see Propositio 6 i [10]) Gp K) ) 1/p VK)VK )/ω, 36) VK) p with equality if ad oly if K is p-selfmiimal We ote that due to equality 9), Theorems have obvious aalogs for the p-affie surface area ACKNOWLEDGMENT The referee of this paper proposed may very valuable commets ad suggestios to improve the accuracy ad readability of the origial mauscript We would like to express our most sicere thaks to the aoymous referee REFERENCES [1] W Blaschke, Vorlesuge über Differetialgeometrie II, Affie Differetialgeometrie, Spriger-Verlag, Berli, 193 [] W J Firey, p-meas of covex bodies, Mathematica Scadiavica, vol 10, o 1, pp 17-4, Ju 196 [3] R J Garder, The Bru-Mikowski iequality, Bulleti of the America Mathematical Society, vol 39, o 3, pp , Apr 00 [4] K Leichtweiβ, Zur Affioberfläche kovexer Körper, Mauscripta Mathematica, vol 56, o 4, pp , Dec 1986 [5] K Leichtweiβ, Bemerkuge zur Defiitio eier erweiterte Affioberflöche vo E Lutwak, Mauscripta Mathematica, vol 65, o, pp , Ju 1989 [6] K Leichtweiβ, O the history of the affie surface area for covex bodies, Results i Mathematics, vol 0, o 3-4, pp , Nov 1991 [7] K Leichtweiβ, Affie Geometry of Covex Bodies, Joha Ambrosius Barth, Heidelberg, 1998 [8] M Ludwig ad M Reitzer, A characterizatio of affie surface area, Advaces i Mathematics, vol 147, o, pp , Nov 1999 [9] E Lutwak, The Bru-Mikowski-Firey theory I: Mixed volumes ad the Mikowski problem, Joural Difieretial Geometry, vol 38, o 1, pp , Jul 1993 [10] E Lutwak, The Bru-Mikowski-Firey theory II: Affie ad geomiimal surface areas, Advaces i Mathematics, vol 118, o, pp 44-94, Mar 1996 [11] E Lutwak, O the Blaschke-Sataló iequality, Aals of the New York Academy of Scieces, vol 440, o 1, pp , May 1985 [1] E Lutwak, O some affie isoperimetric iequalities, Joural Difieretial Geometry, vol 3, o 1, pp 1-13, Ja 1986 [13] E Lutwak, Mixed affie surface area, Joural of Mathematical Aalysis ad Applicatios, vol 15, o, pp , Aug 1987 [14] E Lutwak, Exteded affie surface area, Advaces i Mathematics, vol 85, o 1, pp 39-68, Ja 1991 [15] S J Lv ad G S Leg, p-polar curvae iages of star boies ad p- affie surface aeas, Joural of Shaghai Uiversity Natural Sciece), vol 14, o, pp , Mar 008)i Chiese) [16] T Y Ma, The ith p-geomiimal surface area, Joural of Iequalities ad Applicatios, vol 014, o 1, pp 1-6, Sept 014 [17] T Y Ma ad F B Feg, The ith p-affie surface area, Joural of Iequalities ad Applicatios, vol 015, o 1, pp 1-6, Ju 015 [18] M Meyer ad E Werer, O the p-affie surface area, Advaces i Mathematics, vol 15, o, pp , Ju 000 [19] C M Petty, Geomiimal surface area, Geometry Dedicata, vol 3, o 1, pp 77-97, May 1974 [0] C M Petty, Affie isoperimetric problems, Discrete Geometry ad Covexity, vol 440, o 1, pp , May 1985 [1] S Reiser, Zooids with miimal volume product, Mathematische Zeitschrif, vol 19, o 3, pp , Sept 1986 [] R Scheider, Covex Bodies: The Bru-Mikowski Theory, Secod editor, Cambridge Uiversity Press, Cambridge, 014 [3] R Scheider, Affie surface area ad covex bodies of elliptic type, Periodica Mathematica Hugarica, vol 69, o, pp 10-15, Dec 014 [4] R Scheider, Boudary structure ad curvature of covex bodies, Cotributios to Geometry J Tölte ad J M Wills, eds), Birkhäuser, Basel, vol 0, o 1, pp 13-59, Apr 1979 [5] C Schütt, O the affie surface area, Proceedigs of the America Mathematical Society, vol 118, o 4, pp , Aug 1993 [6] W D Wag ad G S Leg, L p-mixed affie surface area, Joural of Mathematical Aalysis ad Applicatios, vol 335, o 1, pp , Nov 007 [7] W Wag ad B W He, L p-dual affie surface area, Joural of Mathematical Aalysis ad Applicatios, vol 348, o, pp , Dec 008 [8] E Werer, Illumiatio bodies ad affie surface area, Studia Mathematica, vol 110, o 3, pp 57-69, Jul 1994 [9] E Werer ad D Ye, New L p-affie isoperimetric iequalities, Advaces i Mathematics, vol 18, o 6, pp , Aug 008 [30] J Yua, S J Lv ad G S Leg, The p-affie surface area, Mathematical Iequalities Applicatios, vol 10, o 3, pp , Jul 007 [31] X Y Zhu, S J LV ad G S Leg, Exteded affie surface area ad zootopes, Boleti Sociedad Matematica Mexicaa, vol 14, o 3, pp , Jul 008 [3] B C Zhu, J Z Zhou ad W X Xu, L p-mixed geomiimal surface area, Joural of Mathematical Aalysis ad Applicatios, vol 4, o, pp , Feb 015 Advace olie publicatio: 15 February 016)

Convexity, Inequalities, and Norms

Convexity, Inequalities, and Norms Covexity, Iequalities, ad Norms Covex Fuctios You are probably familiar with the otio of cocavity of fuctios. Give a twicedifferetiable fuctio ϕ: R R, We say that ϕ is covex (or cocave up) if ϕ (x) 0 for

More information

Lecture 13. Lecturer: Jonathan Kelner Scribe: Jonathan Pines (2009)

Lecture 13. Lecturer: Jonathan Kelner Scribe: Jonathan Pines (2009) 18.409 A Algorithmist s Toolkit October 27, 2009 Lecture 13 Lecturer: Joatha Keler Scribe: Joatha Pies (2009) 1 Outlie Last time, we proved the Bru-Mikowski iequality for boxes. Today we ll go over the

More information

Lecture 5: Span, linear independence, bases, and dimension

Lecture 5: Span, linear independence, bases, and dimension Lecture 5: Spa, liear idepedece, bases, ad dimesio Travis Schedler Thurs, Sep 23, 2010 (versio: 9/21 9:55 PM) 1 Motivatio Motivatio To uderstad what it meas that R has dimesio oe, R 2 dimesio 2, etc.;

More information

A probabilistic proof of a binomial identity

A probabilistic proof of a binomial identity A probabilistic proof of a biomial idetity Joatho Peterso Abstract We give a elemetary probabilistic proof of a biomial idetity. The proof is obtaied by computig the probability of a certai evet i two

More information

Rényi Divergence and L p -affine surface area for convex bodies

Rényi Divergence and L p -affine surface area for convex bodies Réyi Divergece ad L p -affie surface area for covex bodies Elisabeth M. Werer Abstract We show that the fudametal objects of the L p -Bru-Mikowski theory, amely the L p -affie surface areas for a covex

More information

Properties of MLE: consistency, asymptotic normality. Fisher information.

Properties of MLE: consistency, asymptotic normality. Fisher information. Lecture 3 Properties of MLE: cosistecy, asymptotic ormality. Fisher iformatio. I this sectio we will try to uderstad why MLEs are good. Let us recall two facts from probability that we be used ofte throughout

More information

In nite Sequences. Dr. Philippe B. Laval Kennesaw State University. October 9, 2008

In nite Sequences. Dr. Philippe B. Laval Kennesaw State University. October 9, 2008 I ite Sequeces Dr. Philippe B. Laval Keesaw State Uiversity October 9, 2008 Abstract This had out is a itroductio to i ite sequeces. mai de itios ad presets some elemetary results. It gives the I ite Sequeces

More information

Asymptotic Growth of Functions

Asymptotic Growth of Functions CMPS Itroductio to Aalysis of Algorithms Fall 3 Asymptotic Growth of Fuctios We itroduce several types of asymptotic otatio which are used to compare the performace ad efficiecy of algorithms As we ll

More information

Theorems About Power Series

Theorems About Power Series Physics 6A Witer 20 Theorems About Power Series Cosider a power series, f(x) = a x, () where the a are real coefficiets ad x is a real variable. There exists a real o-egative umber R, called the radius

More information

I. Chi-squared Distributions

I. Chi-squared Distributions 1 M 358K Supplemet to Chapter 23: CHI-SQUARED DISTRIBUTIONS, T-DISTRIBUTIONS, AND DEGREES OF FREEDOM To uderstad t-distributios, we first eed to look at aother family of distributios, the chi-squared distributios.

More information

1. MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION

1. MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION 1. MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION EXAMPLE 1: Prove that for ay iteger 1. Proof: 1 + 2 + 3 +... + ( + 1 2 (1.1 STEP 1: For 1 (1.1 is true, sice 1 1(1 + 1. 2 STEP 2: Suppose (1.1 is true for some k 1, that is 1

More information

SAMPLE QUESTIONS FOR FINAL EXAM. (1) (2) (3) (4) Find the following using the definition of the Riemann integral: (2x + 1)dx

SAMPLE QUESTIONS FOR FINAL EXAM. (1) (2) (3) (4) Find the following using the definition of the Riemann integral: (2x + 1)dx SAMPLE QUESTIONS FOR FINAL EXAM REAL ANALYSIS I FALL 006 3 4 Fid the followig usig the defiitio of the Riema itegral: a 0 x + dx 3 Cosider the partitio P x 0 3, x 3 +, x 3 +,......, x 3 3 + 3 of the iterval

More information

PROCEEDINGS OF THE YEREVAN STATE UNIVERSITY AN ALTERNATIVE MODEL FOR BONUS-MALUS SYSTEM

PROCEEDINGS OF THE YEREVAN STATE UNIVERSITY AN ALTERNATIVE MODEL FOR BONUS-MALUS SYSTEM PROCEEDINGS OF THE YEREVAN STATE UNIVERSITY Physical ad Mathematical Scieces 2015, 1, p. 15 19 M a t h e m a t i c s AN ALTERNATIVE MODEL FOR BONUS-MALUS SYSTEM A. G. GULYAN Chair of Actuarial Mathematics

More information

Entropy of bi-capacities

Entropy of bi-capacities Etropy of bi-capacities Iva Kojadiovic LINA CNRS FRE 2729 Site école polytechique de l uiv. de Nates Rue Christia Pauc 44306 Nates, Frace iva.kojadiovic@uiv-ates.fr Jea-Luc Marichal Applied Mathematics

More information

Inequalities for the surface area of projections of convex bodies

Inequalities for the surface area of projections of convex bodies Iequalities for the surface area of projectios of covex bodies Apostolos Giaopoulos, Alexader Koldobsky ad Petros Valettas Abstract We provide geeral iequalities that compare the surface area S(K) of a

More information

Metric, Normed, and Topological Spaces

Metric, Normed, and Topological Spaces Chapter 13 Metric, Normed, ad Topological Spaces A metric space is a set X that has a otio of the distace d(x, y) betwee every pair of poits x, y X. A fudametal example is R with the absolute-value metric

More information

FIBONACCI NUMBERS: AN APPLICATION OF LINEAR ALGEBRA. 1. Powers of a matrix

FIBONACCI NUMBERS: AN APPLICATION OF LINEAR ALGEBRA. 1. Powers of a matrix FIBONACCI NUMBERS: AN APPLICATION OF LINEAR ALGEBRA. Powers of a matrix We begi with a propositio which illustrates the usefuless of the diagoalizatio. Recall that a square matrix A is diogaalizable if

More information

Overview of some probability distributions.

Overview of some probability distributions. Lecture Overview of some probability distributios. I this lecture we will review several commo distributios that will be used ofte throughtout the class. Each distributio is usually described by its probability

More information

Infinite Sequences and Series

Infinite Sequences and Series CHAPTER 4 Ifiite Sequeces ad Series 4.1. Sequeces A sequece is a ifiite ordered list of umbers, for example the sequece of odd positive itegers: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29...

More information

Chapter 5: Inner Product Spaces

Chapter 5: Inner Product Spaces Chapter 5: Ier Product Spaces Chapter 5: Ier Product Spaces SECION A Itroductio to Ier Product Spaces By the ed of this sectio you will be able to uderstad what is meat by a ier product space give examples

More information

Lecture 4: Cheeger s Inequality

Lecture 4: Cheeger s Inequality Spectral Graph Theory ad Applicatios WS 0/0 Lecture 4: Cheeger s Iequality Lecturer: Thomas Sauerwald & He Su Statemet of Cheeger s Iequality I this lecture we assume for simplicity that G is a d-regular

More information

Class Meeting # 16: The Fourier Transform on R n

Class Meeting # 16: The Fourier Transform on R n MATH 18.152 COUSE NOTES - CLASS MEETING # 16 18.152 Itroductio to PDEs, Fall 2011 Professor: Jared Speck Class Meetig # 16: The Fourier Trasform o 1. Itroductio to the Fourier Trasform Earlier i the course,

More information

Ekkehart Schlicht: Economic Surplus and Derived Demand

Ekkehart Schlicht: Economic Surplus and Derived Demand Ekkehart Schlicht: Ecoomic Surplus ad Derived Demad Muich Discussio Paper No. 2006-17 Departmet of Ecoomics Uiversity of Muich Volkswirtschaftliche Fakultät Ludwig-Maximilias-Uiversität Müche Olie at http://epub.ub.ui-mueche.de/940/

More information

Convex Bodies of Minimal Volume, Surface Area and Mean Width with Respect to Thin Shells

Convex Bodies of Minimal Volume, Surface Area and Mean Width with Respect to Thin Shells Caad. J. Math. Vol. 60 (1), 2008 pp. 3 32 Covex Bodies of Miimal Volume, Surface Area ad Mea Width with Respect to Thi Shells Károly Böröczky, Károly J. Böröczky, Carste Schütt, ad Gergely Witsche Abstract.

More information

Department of Computer Science, University of Otago

Department of Computer Science, University of Otago Departmet of Computer Sciece, Uiversity of Otago Techical Report OUCS-2006-09 Permutatios Cotaiig May Patters Authors: M.H. Albert Departmet of Computer Sciece, Uiversity of Otago Micah Colema, Rya Fly

More information

THE ABRACADABRA PROBLEM

THE ABRACADABRA PROBLEM THE ABRACADABRA PROBLEM FRANCESCO CARAVENNA Abstract. We preset a detailed solutio of Exercise E0.6 i [Wil9]: i a radom sequece of letters, draw idepedetly ad uiformly from the Eglish alphabet, the expected

More information

0.7 0.6 0.2 0 0 96 96.5 97 97.5 98 98.5 99 99.5 100 100.5 96.5 97 97.5 98 98.5 99 99.5 100 100.5

0.7 0.6 0.2 0 0 96 96.5 97 97.5 98 98.5 99 99.5 100 100.5 96.5 97 97.5 98 98.5 99 99.5 100 100.5 Sectio 13 Kolmogorov-Smirov test. Suppose that we have a i.i.d. sample X 1,..., X with some ukow distributio P ad we would like to test the hypothesis that P is equal to a particular distributio P 0, i.e.

More information

CS103X: Discrete Structures Homework 4 Solutions

CS103X: Discrete Structures Homework 4 Solutions CS103X: Discrete Structures Homewor 4 Solutios Due February 22, 2008 Exercise 1 10 poits. Silico Valley questios: a How may possible six-figure salaries i whole dollar amouts are there that cotai at least

More information

THIN SEQUENCES AND THE GRAM MATRIX PAMELA GORKIN, JOHN E. MCCARTHY, SANDRA POTT, AND BRETT D. WICK

THIN SEQUENCES AND THE GRAM MATRIX PAMELA GORKIN, JOHN E. MCCARTHY, SANDRA POTT, AND BRETT D. WICK THIN SEQUENCES AND THE GRAM MATRIX PAMELA GORKIN, JOHN E MCCARTHY, SANDRA POTT, AND BRETT D WICK Abstract We provide a ew proof of Volberg s Theorem characterizig thi iterpolatig sequeces as those for

More information

Irreducible polynomials with consecutive zero coefficients

Irreducible polynomials with consecutive zero coefficients Irreducible polyomials with cosecutive zero coefficiets Theodoulos Garefalakis Departmet of Mathematics, Uiversity of Crete, 71409 Heraklio, Greece Abstract Let q be a prime power. We cosider the problem

More information

Vladimir N. Burkov, Dmitri A. Novikov MODELS AND METHODS OF MULTIPROJECTS MANAGEMENT

Vladimir N. Burkov, Dmitri A. Novikov MODELS AND METHODS OF MULTIPROJECTS MANAGEMENT Keywords: project maagemet, resource allocatio, etwork plaig Vladimir N Burkov, Dmitri A Novikov MODELS AND METHODS OF MULTIPROJECTS MANAGEMENT The paper deals with the problems of resource allocatio betwee

More information

A note on the boundary behavior for a modified Green function in the upper-half space

A note on the boundary behavior for a modified Green function in the upper-half space Zhag ad Pisarev Boudary Value Problems (015) 015:114 DOI 10.1186/s13661-015-0363-z RESEARCH Ope Access A ote o the boudary behavior for a modified Gree fuctio i the upper-half space Yulia Zhag1 ad Valery

More information

Lecture 4: Cauchy sequences, Bolzano-Weierstrass, and the Squeeze theorem

Lecture 4: Cauchy sequences, Bolzano-Weierstrass, and the Squeeze theorem Lecture 4: Cauchy sequeces, Bolzao-Weierstrass, ad the Squeeze theorem The purpose of this lecture is more modest tha the previous oes. It is to state certai coditios uder which we are guarateed that limits

More information

1 Computing the Standard Deviation of Sample Means

1 Computing the Standard Deviation of Sample Means Computig the Stadard Deviatio of Sample Meas Quality cotrol charts are based o sample meas ot o idividual values withi a sample. A sample is a group of items, which are cosidered all together for our aalysis.

More information

Section 11.3: The Integral Test

Section 11.3: The Integral Test Sectio.3: The Itegral Test Most of the series we have looked at have either diverged or have coverged ad we have bee able to fid what they coverge to. I geeral however, the problem is much more difficult

More information

A Note on Sums of Greatest (Least) Prime Factors

A Note on Sums of Greatest (Least) Prime Factors It. J. Cotemp. Math. Scieces, Vol. 8, 203, o. 9, 423-432 HIKARI Ltd, www.m-hikari.com A Note o Sums of Greatest (Least Prime Factors Rafael Jakimczuk Divisio Matemática, Uiversidad Nacioal de Luá Bueos

More information

4.3. The Integral and Comparison Tests

4.3. The Integral and Comparison Tests 4.3. THE INTEGRAL AND COMPARISON TESTS 9 4.3. The Itegral ad Compariso Tests 4.3.. The Itegral Test. Suppose f is a cotiuous, positive, decreasig fuctio o [, ), ad let a = f(). The the covergece or divergece

More information

ON AN INTEGRAL OPERATOR WHICH PRESERVE THE UNIVALENCE

ON AN INTEGRAL OPERATOR WHICH PRESERVE THE UNIVALENCE Proceedigs of the Iteratioal Coferece o Theory ad Applicatios of Mathematics ad Iformatics ICTAMI 3, Alba Iulia ON AN INTEGRAL OPERATOR WHICH PRESERVE THE UNIVALENCE by Maria E Gageoea ad Silvia Moldoveau

More information

Degree of Approximation of Continuous Functions by (E, q) (C, δ) Means

Degree of Approximation of Continuous Functions by (E, q) (C, δ) Means Ge. Math. Notes, Vol. 11, No. 2, August 2012, pp. 12-19 ISSN 2219-7184; Copyright ICSRS Publicatio, 2012 www.i-csrs.org Available free olie at http://www.gema.i Degree of Approximatio of Cotiuous Fuctios

More information

SECTION 1.5 : SUMMATION NOTATION + WORK WITH SEQUENCES

SECTION 1.5 : SUMMATION NOTATION + WORK WITH SEQUENCES SECTION 1.5 : SUMMATION NOTATION + WORK WITH SEQUENCES Read Sectio 1.5 (pages 5 9) Overview I Sectio 1.5 we lear to work with summatio otatio ad formulas. We will also itroduce a brief overview of sequeces,

More information

Sequences and Series

Sequences and Series CHAPTER 9 Sequeces ad Series 9.. Covergece: Defiitio ad Examples Sequeces The purpose of this chapter is to itroduce a particular way of geeratig algorithms for fidig the values of fuctios defied by their

More information

Chapter 6: Variance, the law of large numbers and the Monte-Carlo method

Chapter 6: Variance, the law of large numbers and the Monte-Carlo method Chapter 6: Variace, the law of large umbers ad the Mote-Carlo method Expected value, variace, ad Chebyshev iequality. If X is a radom variable recall that the expected value of X, E[X] is the average value

More information

Annuities Under Random Rates of Interest II By Abraham Zaks. Technion I.I.T. Haifa ISRAEL and Haifa University Haifa ISRAEL.

Annuities Under Random Rates of Interest II By Abraham Zaks. Technion I.I.T. Haifa ISRAEL and Haifa University Haifa ISRAEL. Auities Uder Radom Rates of Iterest II By Abraham Zas Techio I.I.T. Haifa ISRAEL ad Haifa Uiversity Haifa ISRAEL Departmet of Mathematics, Techio - Israel Istitute of Techology, 3000, Haifa, Israel I memory

More information

On the L p -conjecture for locally compact groups

On the L p -conjecture for locally compact groups Arch. Math. 89 (2007), 237 242 c 2007 Birkhäuser Verlag Basel/Switzerlad 0003/889X/030237-6, ublished olie 2007-08-0 DOI 0.007/s0003-007-993-x Archiv der Mathematik O the L -cojecture for locally comact

More information

Example 2 Find the square root of 0. The only square root of 0 is 0 (since 0 is not positive or negative, so those choices don t exist here).

Example 2 Find the square root of 0. The only square root of 0 is 0 (since 0 is not positive or negative, so those choices don t exist here). BEGINNING ALGEBRA Roots ad Radicals (revised summer, 00 Olso) Packet to Supplemet the Curret Textbook - Part Review of Square Roots & Irratioals (This portio ca be ay time before Part ad should mostly

More information

A Faster Clause-Shortening Algorithm for SAT with No Restriction on Clause Length

A Faster Clause-Shortening Algorithm for SAT with No Restriction on Clause Length Joural o Satisfiability, Boolea Modelig ad Computatio 1 2005) 49-60 A Faster Clause-Shorteig Algorithm for SAT with No Restrictio o Clause Legth Evgey Datsi Alexader Wolpert Departmet of Computer Sciece

More information

Modified Line Search Method for Global Optimization

Modified Line Search Method for Global Optimization Modified Lie Search Method for Global Optimizatio Cria Grosa ad Ajith Abraham Ceter of Excellece for Quatifiable Quality of Service Norwegia Uiversity of Sciece ad Techology Trodheim, Norway {cria, ajith}@q2s.tu.o

More information

Our aim is to show that under reasonable assumptions a given 2π-periodic function f can be represented as convergent series

Our aim is to show that under reasonable assumptions a given 2π-periodic function f can be represented as convergent series 8 Fourier Series Our aim is to show that uder reasoable assumptios a give -periodic fuctio f ca be represeted as coverget series f(x) = a + (a cos x + b si x). (8.) By defiitio, the covergece of the series

More information

Trigonometric Form of a Complex Number. The Complex Plane. axis. ( 2, 1) or 2 i FIGURE 6.44. The absolute value of the complex number z a bi is

Trigonometric Form of a Complex Number. The Complex Plane. axis. ( 2, 1) or 2 i FIGURE 6.44. The absolute value of the complex number z a bi is 0_0605.qxd /5/05 0:45 AM Page 470 470 Chapter 6 Additioal Topics i Trigoometry 6.5 Trigoometric Form of a Complex Number What you should lear Plot complex umbers i the complex plae ad fid absolute values

More information

Chapter 7 Methods of Finding Estimators

Chapter 7 Methods of Finding Estimators Chapter 7 for BST 695: Special Topics i Statistical Theory. Kui Zhag, 011 Chapter 7 Methods of Fidig Estimators Sectio 7.1 Itroductio Defiitio 7.1.1 A poit estimator is ay fuctio W( X) W( X1, X,, X ) of

More information

MARTINGALES AND A BASIC APPLICATION

MARTINGALES AND A BASIC APPLICATION MARTINGALES AND A BASIC APPLICATION TURNER SMITH Abstract. This paper will develop the measure-theoretic approach to probability i order to preset the defiitio of martigales. From there we will apply this

More information

Chapter 5 O A Cojecture Of Erdíos Proceedigs NCUR VIII è1994è, Vol II, pp 794í798 Jeærey F Gold Departmet of Mathematics, Departmet of Physics Uiversity of Utah Do H Tucker Departmet of Mathematics Uiversity

More information

Plug-in martingales for testing exchangeability on-line

Plug-in martingales for testing exchangeability on-line Plug-i martigales for testig exchageability o-lie Valetia Fedorova, Alex Gammerma, Ilia Nouretdiov, ad Vladimir Vovk Computer Learig Research Cetre Royal Holloway, Uiversity of Lodo, UK {valetia,ilia,alex,vovk}@cs.rhul.ac.uk

More information

CME 302: NUMERICAL LINEAR ALGEBRA FALL 2005/06 LECTURE 8

CME 302: NUMERICAL LINEAR ALGEBRA FALL 2005/06 LECTURE 8 CME 30: NUMERICAL LINEAR ALGEBRA FALL 005/06 LECTURE 8 GENE H GOLUB 1 Positive Defiite Matrices A matrix A is positive defiite if x Ax > 0 for all ozero x A positive defiite matrix has real ad positive

More information

3. Greatest Common Divisor - Least Common Multiple

3. Greatest Common Divisor - Least Common Multiple 3 Greatest Commo Divisor - Least Commo Multiple Defiitio 31: The greatest commo divisor of two atural umbers a ad b is the largest atural umber c which divides both a ad b We deote the greatest commo gcd

More information

CS103A Handout 23 Winter 2002 February 22, 2002 Solving Recurrence Relations

CS103A Handout 23 Winter 2002 February 22, 2002 Solving Recurrence Relations CS3A Hadout 3 Witer 00 February, 00 Solvig Recurrece Relatios Itroductio A wide variety of recurrece problems occur i models. Some of these recurrece relatios ca be solved usig iteratio or some other ad

More information

A sharp Trudinger-Moser type inequality for unbounded domains in R n

A sharp Trudinger-Moser type inequality for unbounded domains in R n A sharp Trudiger-Moser type iequality for ubouded domais i R Yuxiag Li ad Berhard Ruf Abstract The Trudiger-Moser iequality states that for fuctios u H, 0 (Ω) (Ω R a bouded domai) with Ω u dx oe has Ω

More information

ON THE DENSE TRAJECTORY OF LASOTA EQUATION

ON THE DENSE TRAJECTORY OF LASOTA EQUATION UNIVERSITATIS IAGELLONICAE ACTA MATHEMATICA, FASCICULUS XLIII 2005 ON THE DENSE TRAJECTORY OF LASOTA EQUATION by Atoi Leo Dawidowicz ad Najemedi Haribash Abstract. I preseted paper the dese trajectory

More information

The analysis of the Cournot oligopoly model considering the subjective motive in the strategy selection

The analysis of the Cournot oligopoly model considering the subjective motive in the strategy selection The aalysis of the Courot oligopoly model cosiderig the subjective motive i the strategy selectio Shigehito Furuyama Teruhisa Nakai Departmet of Systems Maagemet Egieerig Faculty of Egieerig Kasai Uiversity

More information

University of California, Los Angeles Department of Statistics. Distributions related to the normal distribution

University of California, Los Angeles Department of Statistics. Distributions related to the normal distribution Uiversity of Califoria, Los Ageles Departmet of Statistics Statistics 100B Istructor: Nicolas Christou Three importat distributios: Distributios related to the ormal distributio Chi-square (χ ) distributio.

More information

PART TWO. Measure, Integration, and Differentiation

PART TWO. Measure, Integration, and Differentiation PART TWO Measure, Itegratio, ad Differetiatio Émile Félix-Édouard-Justi Borel (1871 1956 Émile Borel was bor at Sait-Affrique, Frace, o Jauary 7, 1871, the third child of Hooré Borel, a Protestat miister,

More information

Data Analysis and Statistical Behaviors of Stock Market Fluctuations

Data Analysis and Statistical Behaviors of Stock Market Fluctuations 44 JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS, VOL. 3, NO. 0, OCTOBER 2008 Data Aalysis ad Statistical Behaviors of Stock Market Fluctuatios Ju Wag Departmet of Mathematics, Beijig Jiaotog Uiversity, Beijig 00044, Chia Email:

More information

3 Basic Definitions of Probability Theory

3 Basic Definitions of Probability Theory 3 Basic Defiitios of Probability Theory 3defprob.tex: Feb 10, 2003 Classical probability Frequecy probability axiomatic probability Historical developemet: Classical Frequecy Axiomatic The Axiomatic defiitio

More information

Approximating Area under a curve with rectangles. To find the area under a curve we approximate the area using rectangles and then use limits to find

Approximating Area under a curve with rectangles. To find the area under a curve we approximate the area using rectangles and then use limits to find 1.8 Approximatig Area uder a curve with rectagles 1.6 To fid the area uder a curve we approximate the area usig rectagles ad the use limits to fid 1.4 the area. Example 1 Suppose we wat to estimate 1.

More information

Chapter 14 Nonparametric Statistics

Chapter 14 Nonparametric Statistics Chapter 14 Noparametric Statistics A.K.A. distributio-free statistics! Does ot deped o the populatio fittig ay particular type of distributio (e.g, ormal). Sice these methods make fewer assumptios, they

More information

Decomposition of Gini and the generalized entropy inequality measures. Abstract

Decomposition of Gini and the generalized entropy inequality measures. Abstract Decompositio of Gii ad the geeralized etropy iequality measures Stéphae Mussard LAMETA Uiversity of Motpellier I Fraçoise Seyte LAMETA Uiversity of Motpellier I Michel Terraza LAMETA Uiversity of Motpellier

More information

INFINITE SERIES KEITH CONRAD

INFINITE SERIES KEITH CONRAD INFINITE SERIES KEITH CONRAD. Itroductio The two basic cocepts of calculus, differetiatio ad itegratio, are defied i terms of limits (Newto quotiets ad Riema sums). I additio to these is a third fudametal

More information

On Formula to Compute Primes. and the n th Prime

On Formula to Compute Primes. and the n th Prime Applied Mathematical cieces, Vol., 0, o., 35-35 O Formula to Compute Primes ad the th Prime Issam Kaddoura Lebaese Iteratioal Uiversity Faculty of Arts ad cieces, Lebao issam.kaddoura@liu.edu.lb amih Abdul-Nabi

More information

Building Blocks Problem Related to Harmonic Series

Building Blocks Problem Related to Harmonic Series TMME, vol3, o, p.76 Buildig Blocks Problem Related to Harmoic Series Yutaka Nishiyama Osaka Uiversity of Ecoomics, Japa Abstract: I this discussio I give a eplaatio of the divergece ad covergece of ifiite

More information

Installment Joint Life Insurance Actuarial Models with the Stochastic Interest Rate

Installment Joint Life Insurance Actuarial Models with the Stochastic Interest Rate Iteratioal Coferece o Maagemet Sciece ad Maagemet Iovatio (MSMI 4) Istallmet Joit Life Isurace ctuarial Models with the Stochastic Iterest Rate Nia-Nia JI a,*, Yue LI, Dog-Hui WNG College of Sciece, Harbi

More information

BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS Financial and Economic Appraisal using Spreadsheets

BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS Financial and Economic Appraisal using Spreadsheets BENEIT-CST ANALYSIS iacial ad Ecoomic Appraisal usig Spreadsheets Ch. 2: Ivestmet Appraisal - Priciples Harry Campbell & Richard Brow School of Ecoomics The Uiversity of Queeslad Review of basic cocepts

More information

. P. 4.3 Basic feasible solutions and vertices of polyhedra. x 1. x 2

. P. 4.3 Basic feasible solutions and vertices of polyhedra. x 1. x 2 4. Basic feasible solutios ad vertices of polyhedra Due to the fudametal theorem of Liear Programmig, to solve ay LP it suffices to cosider the vertices (fiitely may) of the polyhedro P of the feasible

More information

1 Correlation and Regression Analysis

1 Correlation and Regression Analysis 1 Correlatio ad Regressio Aalysis I this sectio we will be ivestigatig the relatioship betwee two cotiuous variable, such as height ad weight, the cocetratio of a ijected drug ad heart rate, or the cosumptio

More information

A Recursive Formula for Moments of a Binomial Distribution

A Recursive Formula for Moments of a Binomial Distribution A Recursive Formula for Momets of a Biomial Distributio Árpád Béyi beyi@mathumassedu, Uiversity of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 ad Saverio M Maago smmaago@psavymil Naval Postgraduate School, Moterey,

More information

THE LEAST COMMON MULTIPLE OF A QUADRATIC SEQUENCE

THE LEAST COMMON MULTIPLE OF A QUADRATIC SEQUENCE THE LEAST COMMON MULTIPLE OF A QUADRATIC SEQUENCE JAVIER CILLERUELO Abstract. We obtai, for ay irreducible quadratic olyomial f(x = ax 2 + bx + c, the asymtotic estimate log l.c.m. {f(1,..., f(} log. Whe

More information

Permutations, the Parity Theorem, and Determinants

Permutations, the Parity Theorem, and Determinants 1 Permutatios, the Parity Theorem, ad Determiats Joh A. Guber Departmet of Electrical ad Computer Egieerig Uiversity of Wiscosi Madiso Cotets 1 What is a Permutatio 1 2 Cycles 2 2.1 Traspositios 4 3 Orbits

More information

THE REGRESSION MODEL IN MATRIX FORM. For simple linear regression, meaning one predictor, the model is. for i = 1, 2, 3,, n

THE REGRESSION MODEL IN MATRIX FORM. For simple linear regression, meaning one predictor, the model is. for i = 1, 2, 3,, n We will cosider the liear regressio model i matrix form. For simple liear regressio, meaig oe predictor, the model is i = + x i + ε i for i =,,,, This model icludes the assumptio that the ε i s are a sample

More information

WHEN IS THE (CO)SINE OF A RATIONAL ANGLE EQUAL TO A RATIONAL NUMBER?

WHEN IS THE (CO)SINE OF A RATIONAL ANGLE EQUAL TO A RATIONAL NUMBER? WHEN IS THE (CO)SINE OF A RATIONAL ANGLE EQUAL TO A RATIONAL NUMBER? JÖRG JAHNEL 1. My Motivatio Some Sort of a Itroductio Last term I tought Topological Groups at the Göttige Georg August Uiversity. This

More information

Incremental calculation of weighted mean and variance

Incremental calculation of weighted mean and variance Icremetal calculatio of weighted mea ad variace Toy Fich faf@cam.ac.uk dot@dotat.at Uiversity of Cambridge Computig Service February 009 Abstract I these otes I eplai how to derive formulae for umerically

More information

UC Berkeley Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. EE 126: Probablity and Random Processes. Solutions 9 Spring 2006

UC Berkeley Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. EE 126: Probablity and Random Processes. Solutions 9 Spring 2006 Exam format UC Bereley Departmet of Electrical Egieerig ad Computer Sciece EE 6: Probablity ad Radom Processes Solutios 9 Sprig 006 The secod midterm will be held o Wedesday May 7; CHECK the fial exam

More information

Probabilistic Engineering Mechanics. Do Rosenblatt and Nataf isoprobabilistic transformations really differ?

Probabilistic Engineering Mechanics. Do Rosenblatt and Nataf isoprobabilistic transformations really differ? Probabilistic Egieerig Mechaics 4 (009) 577 584 Cotets lists available at ScieceDirect Probabilistic Egieerig Mechaics joural homepage: wwwelseviercom/locate/probegmech Do Roseblatt ad Nataf isoprobabilistic

More information

Maximum Likelihood Estimators.

Maximum Likelihood Estimators. Lecture 2 Maximum Likelihood Estimators. Matlab example. As a motivatio, let us look at oe Matlab example. Let us geerate a radom sample of size 00 from beta distributio Beta(5, 2). We will lear the defiitio

More information

Definition. A variable X that takes on values X 1, X 2, X 3,...X k with respective frequencies f 1, f 2, f 3,...f k has mean

Definition. A variable X that takes on values X 1, X 2, X 3,...X k with respective frequencies f 1, f 2, f 3,...f k has mean 1 Social Studies 201 October 13, 2004 Note: The examples i these otes may be differet tha used i class. However, the examples are similar ad the methods used are idetical to what was preseted i class.

More information

Your organization has a Class B IP address of 166.144.0.0 Before you implement subnetting, the Network ID and Host ID are divided as follows:

Your organization has a Class B IP address of 166.144.0.0 Before you implement subnetting, the Network ID and Host ID are divided as follows: Subettig Subettig is used to subdivide a sigle class of etwork i to multiple smaller etworks. Example: Your orgaizatio has a Class B IP address of 166.144.0.0 Before you implemet subettig, the Network

More information

Factors of sums of powers of binomial coefficients

Factors of sums of powers of binomial coefficients ACTA ARITHMETICA LXXXVI.1 (1998) Factors of sums of powers of biomial coefficiets by Neil J. Cali (Clemso, S.C.) Dedicated to the memory of Paul Erdős 1. Itroductio. It is well ow that if ( ) a f,a = the

More information

Analysis Notes (only a draft, and the first one!)

Analysis Notes (only a draft, and the first one!) Aalysis Notes (oly a draft, ad the first oe!) Ali Nesi Mathematics Departmet Istabul Bilgi Uiversity Kuştepe Şişli Istabul Turkey aesi@bilgi.edu.tr Jue 22, 2004 2 Cotets 1 Prelimiaries 9 1.1 Biary Operatio...........................

More information

Partial Di erential Equations

Partial Di erential Equations Partial Di eretial Equatios Partial Di eretial Equatios Much of moder sciece, egieerig, ad mathematics is based o the study of partial di eretial equatios, where a partial di eretial equatio is a equatio

More information

ON THE EDGE-BANDWIDTH OF GRAPH PRODUCTS

ON THE EDGE-BANDWIDTH OF GRAPH PRODUCTS ON THE EDGE-BANDWIDTH OF GRAPH PRODUCTS JÓZSEF BALOGH, DHRUV MUBAYI, AND ANDRÁS PLUHÁR Abstract The edge-badwidth of a graph G is the badwidth of the lie graph of G We show asymptotically tight bouds o

More information

The Gompertz Makeham coupling as a Dynamic Life Table. Abraham Zaks. Technion I.I.T. Haifa ISRAEL. Abstract

The Gompertz Makeham coupling as a Dynamic Life Table. Abraham Zaks. Technion I.I.T. Haifa ISRAEL. Abstract The Gompertz Makeham couplig as a Dyamic Life Table By Abraham Zaks Techio I.I.T. Haifa ISRAEL Departmet of Mathematics, Techio - Israel Istitute of Techology, 32000, Haifa, Israel Abstract A very famous

More information

Ramsey-type theorems with forbidden subgraphs

Ramsey-type theorems with forbidden subgraphs Ramsey-type theorems with forbidde subgraphs Noga Alo Jáos Pach József Solymosi Abstract A graph is called H-free if it cotais o iduced copy of H. We discuss the followig questio raised by Erdős ad Hajal.

More information

Present Values, Investment Returns and Discount Rates

Present Values, Investment Returns and Discount Rates Preset Values, Ivestmet Returs ad Discout Rates Dimitry Midli, ASA, MAAA, PhD Presidet CDI Advisors LLC dmidli@cdiadvisors.com May 2, 203 Copyright 20, CDI Advisors LLC The cocept of preset value lies

More information

Subject CT5 Contingencies Core Technical Syllabus

Subject CT5 Contingencies Core Technical Syllabus Subject CT5 Cotigecies Core Techical Syllabus for the 2015 exams 1 Jue 2014 Aim The aim of the Cotigecies subject is to provide a groudig i the mathematical techiques which ca be used to model ad value

More information

Project Deliverables. CS 361, Lecture 28. Outline. Project Deliverables. Administrative. Project Comments

Project Deliverables. CS 361, Lecture 28. Outline. Project Deliverables. Administrative. Project Comments Project Deliverables CS 361, Lecture 28 Jared Saia Uiversity of New Mexico Each Group should tur i oe group project cosistig of: About 6-12 pages of text (ca be loger with appedix) 6-12 figures (please

More information

How To Solve An Old Japanese Geometry Problem

How To Solve An Old Japanese Geometry Problem 116 Taget circles i the ratio 2 : 1 Hiroshi Okumura ad Masayuki Wataabe I this article we cosider the followig old Japaese geometry problem (see Figure 1), whose statemet i [1, p. 39] is missig the coditio

More information

Taking DCOP to the Real World: Efficient Complete Solutions for Distributed Multi-Event Scheduling

Taking DCOP to the Real World: Efficient Complete Solutions for Distributed Multi-Event Scheduling Taig DCOP to the Real World: Efficiet Complete Solutios for Distributed Multi-Evet Schedulig Rajiv T. Maheswara, Milid Tambe, Emma Bowrig, Joatha P. Pearce, ad Pradeep araatham Uiversity of Souther Califoria

More information

Systems Design Project: Indoor Location of Wireless Devices

Systems Design Project: Indoor Location of Wireless Devices Systems Desig Project: Idoor Locatio of Wireless Devices Prepared By: Bria Murphy Seior Systems Sciece ad Egieerig Washigto Uiversity i St. Louis Phoe: (805) 698-5295 Email: bcm1@cec.wustl.edu Supervised

More information

Lecture 3. denote the orthogonal complement of S k. Then. 1 x S k. n. 2 x T Ax = ( ) λ x. with x = 1, we have. i = λ k x 2 = λ k.

Lecture 3. denote the orthogonal complement of S k. Then. 1 x S k. n. 2 x T Ax = ( ) λ x. with x = 1, we have. i = λ k x 2 = λ k. 18.409 A Algorithmist s Toolkit September 17, 009 Lecture 3 Lecturer: Joatha Keler Scribe: Adre Wibisoo 1 Outlie Today s lecture covers three mai parts: Courat-Fischer formula ad Rayleigh quotiets The

More information

Sampling Distribution And Central Limit Theorem

Sampling Distribution And Central Limit Theorem () Samplig Distributio & Cetral Limit Samplig Distributio Ad Cetral Limit Samplig distributio of the sample mea If we sample a umber of samples (say k samples where k is very large umber) each of size,

More information

Normal Distribution.

Normal Distribution. Normal Distributio www.icrf.l Normal distributio I probability theory, the ormal or Gaussia distributio, is a cotiuous probability distributio that is ofte used as a first approimatio to describe realvalued

More information

Bond Valuation I. What is a bond? Cash Flows of A Typical Bond. Bond Valuation. Coupon Rate and Current Yield. Cash Flows of A Typical Bond

Bond Valuation I. What is a bond? Cash Flows of A Typical Bond. Bond Valuation. Coupon Rate and Current Yield. Cash Flows of A Typical Bond What is a bod? Bod Valuatio I Bod is a I.O.U. Bod is a borrowig agreemet Bod issuers borrow moey from bod holders Bod is a fixed-icome security that typically pays periodic coupo paymets, ad a pricipal

More information