Process Modelling Notations

Transcription

1 Process Modelling Notations Event-driven Process Chains (EPC) Business Process Modelling Notation (BPMN) Workflow Management

2 Agenda Motivation for BPM EPC BPMN Case Study 1

3 Why Business Process Modelling Notations Abgebende Ges. Kunde Nur bei Produkten, die auftragsbezogen endgefertigt werden Auftragsfertigung Auftragsfertigung Kundenauftrag GB SD XY7 Lieferung (inkl. Druck) GB SD XY7 Bestellung Kommiliste Warenausgang zur Lieferung Transportauftrag anlegen LE XY5 Not standardized Notation; Powerpoint! Verpacken LE XY5 Warenausgang buchen LE XY5 Phys. Transport Wareneingang AA Source: Janiesch, Stein (2007) 2

4 Why Business Process Modelling Notations Abgebende Ges. Kunde Nur bei Produkten, die auftragsbezogen endgefertigt werden Auftragsfertigung Auftragsfertigung Kommiliste Kundenauftrag GB SD XY7 Lieferung (inkl. Druck) GB SD XY7 Warenausgang zur Lieferung Transportauftrag anlegen LE XY5 Bestellung What is the semantics of the arrows? Verpacken LE XY5 Warenausgang buchen LE XY5 Phys. Transport Wareneingang AA Source: Janiesch, Stein (2007) 3

5 Why Business Process Modelling Notations Abgebende Ges. Kunde Nur bei Produkten, die auftragsbezogen endgefertigt werden Auftragsfertigung Auftragsfertigung Kommiliste Kundenauftrag GB SD XY7 Lieferung (inkl. Druck) GB SD XY7 Warenausgang zur Lieferung Transportauftrag anlegen LE XY5 Bestellung Has top-down semantics? Which? Verpacken LE XY5 Warenausgang buchen LE XY5 Phys. Transport Wareneingang AA Source: Janiesch, Stein (2007) 4

6 Why Business Process Modelling Notations Abgebende Ges. Kunde Nur bei Produkten, die auftragsbezogen endgefertigt werden Auftragsfertigung Auftragsfertigung Kundenauftrag GB SD XY7 Lieferung (inkl. Druck) GB SD XY7 Bestellung Kommiliste Warenausgang zur Lieferung Transportauftrag anlegen LE XY5 No common expressions Verpacken LE XY5 Warenausgang buchen LE XY5 Phys. Transport Wareneingang AA Source: Janiesch, Stein (2007) 5

7 Why Business Process Modelling Notations Abgebende Ges. Kunde Nur bei Produkten, die auftragsbezogen endgefertigt werden Auftragsfertigung Auftragsfertigung Kommiliste Kundenauftrag GB SD XY7 Lieferung (inkl. Druck) GB SD XY7 Warenausgang zur Lieferung Transportauftrag anlegen LE XY5 Bestellung No document specification Verpacken LE XY5 Warenausgang buchen LE XY5 Phys. Transport Wareneingang AA Source: Janiesch, Stein (2007) 6

8 Why Business Process Modelling Notations Buyer Party (Customer) Place Order Business Semantics: Common, standardized expressions Receive Despatch Advice Order Despatch Advice Seller Party (Issuing Batch) Receiver Order Product is made-to-order Made-to-order Production Delivery Create Delivery Document Picklist Goods Issue Packaging Despatch Order Usage of UBL expressions Standard-Notation: Subset of BPMN Source: Janiesch, Stein (2007) 7

9 Why Business Process Modelling Notations Some examples Improved understandability Fulfills requirements of process documentation like those of ISO 9000ff. Simplifies derivation of executable languages Simplifies Enables Not only academic nonsense Extremely important in practice! 8

10 Agenda Motivation for BPM EPC BPMN Case Study 9

11 EPC: Event Driven Process Chains Label Initially consisted of Events and Functions Extended by shapes, resulting in EEPC De facto: EPC = EEPC What does it do Represent business processes as chain of events and functions Representation of connections between data, functional and organizational view Each function needs a trigger event and a resulting event Proposed Tool: ARIS Express Download: 13

12 Introduction: EPC Exclusive OR 23

13 Introduction: EPC Exclusive OR 24

14 Introduction: EPC Refinement 25

15 EPC: Event Driven Process Chain Overview 26

16 EPC: Event Driven Process Chain Tool Alternative: ARIS Business Architect Start from wi-farm via mstsc (wi-farm.uni-muenster.de) Use one of the Licence Keys Use local Database 28

17 Agenda Motivation for BPM EPC BPMN Case Study 30

18 BPMN Background Developed by the Business Process Management Initiative (BPMI First Draft: March 2001 In 2005: Strategic fusion with OMG (Object Management Group) Members: Department of National Defense, NASA, Daimler AG, Intel International Standardization not for profit MDA UML CORBA Now: Business Modeling & Integration (BMI) Domain Task Force (DTF) inside OMG 31

19 What is BPMN? BPMN is a standardized notation for modelling Business Processes Messages Partners in Business Processes Business Process Diagram (BPD) responsible Help Client Answer Call Verify Responsibility Hang up 32

20 Goals Notation, which can be understood by all users Business analysts (Design / Modeling of Business Processes) Technical developers (Implementation and Execution in WFMS) Visualization of existing WF-XML-Dialects with one notation BPEL4WS (Business Process Execution Language for Web Services) XPDL Thus: Interface between Functional Requirements Analysis and Implementation 33

21 Application Scenarios 34

22 Development Path of BPMN 35

23 EPC vs. BPMN 36

24 Guidelines of the OMG Processes should be chronologically ordered from left to right, starting with a trigger event, ending with a significant event Tasks should be associated with roles can and should be refined get connected by decision elements 37

25 Guidelines of the OMG Additional Guidelines: Naming Conventions for Objects Prevent Homonyms / Synonyms No Redundancies: Task Judge Incoming Offer should not be labelled Judge Incoming Offer Task Use a reasonable amount of characters (<32) Start all Important Terms with Capitals (kind of Camel Case) Use standard Terminology as often as possible 38

26 Basic Concepts of BPMN BPMN is the Graphical Representation Result after Modeling: Business Process Diagram (BPD) Based on Flow Charts Separates one or more Business Processes Holds Elements of the Shapes used Elements can be divided into four Types Flow Objects Connectors Swim Lanes Artifacts 39

27 Flow Objects Elements Shapes Description Event Activity Gateway Start Intermediate XOR End Task Subprocess OR AND An Event is something that happens during the course of a business process. These Events affect the flow of the process and usually have a cause (trigger) or an impact (result). Events are circles with open centers to allow internal markers to differentiate different triggers or results. An Activity is a generic term for work that a company performs. An Activity can be atomic or nonatomic (compound). The types of Activities are: Task and Sub-Process. The Sub-Process is distinguished by a small plus sign in the bottom center of the shape. A Gateway is used to control the divergence and convergence of a Sequence Flow. Thus, it will determine traditional decisions, as well as the forking, merging, and joining of paths. Internal Markers indicate the type of behavior control. 40

28 Connectors Element Shape Description Sequence Flow A Sequence Flow used to show the order (the sequence) that activities will be performed in a Process. Note that the term control flow is generally not used in BPMN. Message Flow Association A Message Flow is used to show the flow of messages between two separate Process Participants (business entities or business roles) that send and receive them. In BPMN, two separate Pools in the Diagram will represent the two Participants. An Association used to associate data, text, and other Artifacts with flow objects. Associations are used to show the inputs and outputs of activities. 41

29 Swim Lanes Element Shape Description Pool Pool A Pool represents a Participant in a Process. It is also acts as a graphical container for partitioning a set of activities from other Pools usually in the context of B2B situations. Lane Pool Lane Lane A Lane is a sub-partition within a Pool and will extend the entire length of the Pool, either vertically or horizontally. Lanes are used to organize and categorize activities. 42

30 Artifacts Element Shape Description Data Object Name [State] Data Objects are a mechanism to show how data is required or produced by activities. They are connected to activities through Associations. Group A Group is represented by a rounded corner rectangle. The grouping can be used for documentation or analysis purposes, but does not affect the Sequence Flow. Annotation Text Annotation Allows a Modeler to provide additional Information Annotations are a mechanism for a modeler to provide additional text information for the reader of a BPMN Diagram. 43

31 Exemplary Processes Start Event Task Check or Cash Accept Cash or Check End Event Identify Payment Method Payment Method? Prepare Package for Customer Sequence Flow Gateway Credit Card Process Credit Card Patient Send Doctor Request Receive Appointment Send Symptoms Receive Prescription Pickup Send Medicine Request Receive Medicine Illness Occurs Pick up your medicine I want to see the doctor Go see the doctor I feel sick I need my medicine and you can leave Here is your medicine Doctor s Office Receive Doctor Request Send Appointment Receive Symptoms Send Prescription Pickup Receive Medicine Request Send Medicine 44

32 Extensions of Events Extension of Basic Elements Event Type Start Startereignis Event Intermediate ereignis Event Endereignis Event Message Different Circumstances for Trigger or Results Timer Error Improvement of sematic Expressiveness Cancel Compensation However: Higher Complexity! Rule Link Multiple Terminate 45

33 Extensions of Activities Activities can be specialized Loop Representation of multiple succeeding instantiations Can be combined with compensations Loop Multiple Instance Several parallel Instances of one Activity Can be combined with compensations Compensation Describes how to reset an Activity Representation of backward oriented Sequence Flow Multiple Instance Compensation 46

34 Extentions of Connections Conditional Sequence Explicites Conditions for Sequences Fires at exact fulfillment of Condition Here: AND Operator Standard Sequence Representation of Standard Sequence Active, if none of the others fire 47

35 Agenda Motivation for BPM EPC BPMN Case Study 48

36 Case Studies Two Scenarios Pink Blob and ISS Design Agency in cooperation with Internet Security-Consulting PB provides Web Graphics ISS uses them for their Clients VBIG and VPLACM VBIG is a rapidly growing business in the IT market VPLACM connects applicants with job offers 50

37 Grading Date Topic Counts Fr Presentation of EPC and BPMN Models 15% Mo Presentation of Workflow Models 25% Mo ( ) (Presentation of First Implementation Results) Fr Final Presentation Workflows 60% + - Solution is innovative and attractive Solution is innovative or attractive Solution correctly does what it should do Solution is faulty Solution is completely wrong Case Study 40% Written Exam 60% 51

38 Process Modelling Notations Event-driven Process Chains (EPC) Business Process Modelling Notation (BPMN) Workflow Management