2013 National Tuition and Fee Report

Transcription

1 Christy England-Siegerdt, Ph.D. Director, Research and Planning March 2013 (revised July 2013) Washington Student Achievement Council Report to the Legislature

2 Summary The amount institutions charge students for tuition and fees is a critical factor affecting access to higher education. In recent years, tuition across the United States has become more and more expensive as institutions have increased tuition rates to offset reductions in public support for higher education programs. Washington has mitigated the impact of rising tuition costs by increasing financial aid to students least able to pay. However, the growing number of eligible low-income students has outpaced available resources, leaving many without support. Rising tuition costs also have shifted the barrier of higher education affordability to many students outside traditional low-income categories. The rising cost of tuition, particularly at public universities and colleges, is exceeding the resources of many middle-class families, the Washington Student Achievement Council noted in its first strategic action plan, titled Critical Crossroads: A Call for Action. Understanding these national trends and how each state s tuition levels compare with other states are important for government and education leaders as they search for ways to expand college access and improve the overall quality of their education systems. This report, commissioned by Washington s Legislature and Governor, provides accurate and timely tuition and fee data for public flagship institutions, comprehensive institutions and community colleges in the 50 states. This survey is intended not only for Washington state policy-makers and institutional leaders, but also for those in other states who are preparing tuition and fee analyses. The data show that since the academic year, tuition and required fees at Washington s public institutions have exceeded the national average in all categories. Washington ranks in the top 15 for highest tuition and required fees in all categories except for nonresident undergraduate tuition at community and technical colleges where Washington ranks 19th. Washington s tuition and required fees generally are comparable to the averages of the Global Challenge States (GCS), a comparison group frequently referenced by the Washington State Legislature. The recent increases in tuition and required fees have had the greatest impact on resident undergraduates in all sectors. Washington s tuition and required fees have historically been lower than the national average, placing Washington between 25th and 30th nationally. In , resident undergraduate tuition and required fees at Washington s public universities shifted from being lower than the national average to among the highest in the nation. The data in this report will provide the Washington Student Achievement Council with important comparative background information as the Council develops its 10-Year Roadmap for raising the state s educational achievement level. During this process, the Council will examine policy issues concerning college affordability and higher education funding, both of which are directly tied to tuition. Washington Student Achievement Council

3 Contents Introduction... 1 How Washington Compares... 2 Conclusion... 3 Acknowledgements... 4 Author Contact Information... 4 Tables Table 1. Resident Undergraduate Tuition Table 2. Nonresident Undergraduate Tuition Table 3. Resident Graduate Tuition Table 4. Nonresident Graduate Tuition Appendices Appendix A. Resident Undergraduate Tuition and Required Fees by State... 5 Chart 1: Flagship Universities Resident Undergraduate Tuition and Required Fees, Chart 2: Flagship Universities Percentage Change in Resident Undergraduate Tuition and Required Fees, to Chart 3: Comprehensive Colleges and Universities Resident Undergraduate Tuition and Required Fees, Chart 4: Comprehensive Colleges and Universities Percentage Change in Resident Undergraduate Tuition and Required Fees, to Chart 5: Community Colleges Resident Undergraduate Tuition and Required Fees, Chart 6: Community Colleges Percentage Change in Resident Undergraduate Tuition and Required Fees, to Appendix B. National Comparisons-Tuition & Required Fees by State, Table 1: Flagship Universities Resident Undergraduate Tuition and Required Fees...13 Table 2: Flagship Universities Nonresident Undergraduate Tuition and Required Fees...14 Table 3: Flagship Universities Resident Graduate Tuition and Required Fees...15 Table 4: Flagship Universities Nonresident Graduate Tuition and Required Fees...16 Table 5: Comprehensive Colleges and Universities Resident Undergraduate Tuition and Required Fees (State Averages)...17 Table 6: Comprehensive Colleges and Universities Nonresident Undergraduate Tuition and Required Fees (State Averages)...18 Table 5: Comprehensive Colleges and Universities Resident Graduate Tuition and Required Fees (State Averages)...19 Table 6: Comprehensive Colleges and Universities Nonresident Graduate Tuition and Required Fees (State Averages)...20 Table 9: Community Colleges Resident Tuition and Required Fees (Est. State Averages)...21 Table 10: Community Colleges Nonresident Tuition and Required Fees (Est. State Averages)...22 Appendix C. Endnotes for National Tables Appendix D. List of Included Colleges and Universities National Tables 1 through Washington Student Achievement Council

4 Introduction This report fulfills requirements of legislation passed in 2011, requiring the Washington Student Achievement Council to provide an annual comparison of tuition and required fees at public institutions in the 50 states (RCW 28B ). 1 The report includes tuition and required fee comparisons for flagship institutions, comprehensive institutions, and community colleges. This is the forty-second such report prepared in Washington. Previous annual reports published by predecessor agencies to the Washington Student Achievement Council are available online at Tuition and required fee amounts are provided for academic years between and Data for and were collected by the Washington Higher Education Coordinating Board via a survey of state agencies or individual institutions. Tuition and required fee rates for subsequent years were collected by the Connecticut Office of Higher Education, which partnered with the Washington Student Achievement Council who analyzed the data and prepared the current report. Connecticut utilized an online tool nearly identical to the survey tool previously used in Washington, with one exception. This year s survey did not include a request for tuition and required fees for medical, dental, law, or veterinary schools and programs. Agency staff in Connecticut and Washington will assess the need to reinstate these components next year. This year s survey respondents were asked to provide tuition and required fee rates for the , , and academic years, in addition to reviewing and updating the rates. Data are collected for residents and nonresidents at the undergraduate and graduate level. Appendix A of this report includes six bar charts showing resident undergraduate tuition and required fees for each state, and providing comparisons to the national and GCS averages. Bar charts showing percentage changes in tuition and required fees between and are also provided. Appendix B provides the national data tables used to create the bar charts in Appendix A. Appendix C provides additional notes on the Appendix B data, and Appendix D provides a list of the institutions included in this analysis. 1 The statute is available at Washington Student Achievement Council 1

5 How Washington Compares Tuition and required fees at Washington s public institutions for the academic year exceed the national average in all categories (see Tables 1-4 below). Washington ranks in the top 15 for highest tuition and required fees in all categories except for nonresident undergraduate tuition at community and technical colleges where Washington ranks 19th. Relative to the seven Global Challenge States, Washington is generally comparable with a few exceptions. Washington s public institution tuition and required fees are higher for resident undergraduates at the flagship institution, nonresident graduate students at comprehensive institutions, and resident undergraduates at community and technical colleges. Only the tuition and required fees for nonresident undergraduate students at the flagship institution and resident graduate students at comprehensive institutions was lower compared to the GCS average. Tuition and required fees in Washington increased faster than the national average and faster than the GCS average (see National Tables in Appendix B). Tuition and required fees increased most dramatically for resident undergraduates at Washington s flagship institution, University of Washington, where tuition and required fees increased 82 percent between and Tuition and required fees increased by 70 percent and 47 percent for resident undergraduates at comprehensive institutions and community colleges respectively during the same time frame. Table 1. Resident Undergraduate Tuition Flagship Institution 1 Comprehensive Institutions 2 Community & Technical Colleges Washington $12,155 $8,582 $4,000 1-year Percent Change 15.0% 12.0% 12.9% 5-year Percent Change 81.5% 69.9% 46.5% National Average $9,647 $7,544 $3,591 Washington s Rank GCS 3 Average $11,562 $8,746 $3,625 Table 2. Nonresident Undergraduate Tuition Flagship Institution 1 Comprehensive Institutions 2 Community & Technical Colleges Washington $29,710 $19,157 $9,235 1-year Percent Change 5.9% 7.0% 5.2% 5-year Percent Change 28.5% 28.8% 16.3% National Average $25,090 $16,939 $8,593 Washington s Rank GCS 3 Average $30,667 $19,471 $9,345 Washington Student Achievement Council 2

6 Table 3. Resident Graduate Tuition Flagship Institution Comprehensive Institutions Washington $14,470 $9,696 1-year Percent Change 7.7% 8.7% 5-year Percent Change 38.6% 42.3% National Average $11,121 $8,463 Washington s Rank GCS 3 Average $14,314 $11,237 Table 4. Nonresident Graduate Tuition Flagship Institution Comprehensive Institutions Washington $27,090 $20,666 1-year Percent Change 3.0% 6.7% 5-year Percent Change 18.2% 26.4% National Average $23,818 $16,575 Washington s Rank 14 7 GCS 3 Average $27,780 $19,256 1 For Washington, this number represents the University of Washington. 2 For Washington, this number represents the average tuition and required fees at Central Washington University, Eastern Washington University, and Western Washington University. 3 Includes California, Colorado, Connecticut, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, and Virginia. Conclusion In preparing its 10-year Roadmap for increasing educational attainment, the Washington Student Achievement Council will be examining college affordability and higher education funding. As shown in this national comparison summary, Washington s tuition and required fees for resident undergraduate students have shifted from being consistently well below the national average to being among the highest in the nation. The assumptions or goals about the rate of tuition increase in the future will be of critical importance in developing the Roadmap. Washington Student Achievement Council 3

7 Acknowledgements The author wishes to thank staff from the Connecticut Office of Higher Education, who partnered with the Council to conduct the survey. Special thanks go to the survey respondents in the 50 states for their continued participation. Author Contact Information Christy England-Siegerdt, Ph.D. Director, Research and Planning Washington Student Achievement Council 4

8 Appendix A. Resident Undergraduate Tuition and Required Fees by State Charts 1 6 present data on the resident undergraduate tuition and required fees, and percentage changes from to States are listed in decreasing order of magnitude. These data also are available in National Tables 1, 5, and 9 of Appendix B. Charts 1 and 2 represent tuition and required fee rates for full-time undergraduate and graduate students at the flagship institution in each state. Charts 3 and 4 represent the average tuition and fees of the comprehensive colleges and universities in each state. Charts 5 and 6 represent the average tuition and fees of all community colleges as reported by each state s system office. Tuition and fee data are not collected for individual community colleges, with one exception. For Michigan, the average community college tuition and fee rate was calculated using data from the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) maintained by the U.S. Department of Education s National Center on Education Statistics. As a result, tuition and fee information for was not available from IPEDS at the time of publication. Some states have more than one public research institution. The tuition and required fees at the non-flagship institutions are not included in any of the charts below. Washington Student Achievement Council 5

9 Chart 1: Flagship Universities Resident Undergraduate Tuition and Required Fees, Pennsylvania New Hampshire Vermont Illinois Minnesota Massachusetts New Jersey Michigan California Rhode Island WASHINGTON Virginia Delaware GCS Average* Connecticut Maine South Carolina Wisconsin Indiana Ohio Arizona Georgia Kentucky Texas National Average Colorado Hawaii Oregon Missouri Alabama Tennessee Maryland Kansas Iowa New York Nebraska South Dakota Arkansas North Carolina Oklahoma North Dakota Utah Louisiana Nevada Mississippi Alaska Idaho Florida West Virginia New Mexico Montana Wyoming 4,277 16,444 16,422 13,459 14,960 15,284 13,232 13,073 12,994 12,874 12,450 12,155 12,006 11,682 11,562 11,362 10,594 10,488 10,379 10,087 10,037 10,035 9,842 9,816 9,794 9,647 9,482 9,404 9,310 9,257 9,200 9,092 8,908 8,888 8,057 7,989 7,897 7,704 7,553 7,500 7,340 7,254 7,176 6,989 6,603 6,282 6,233 6,212 6,143 6,090 6,050 5,973 $0 $2,000 $4,000 $6,000 $8,000 $10,000 $12,000 $14,000 $16,000 *Includes California, Colorado, Connecticut, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, and Virginia. Washington Student Achievement Council 6

10 Chart 2: Flagship Universities Percentage Change in Resident Undergraduate Tuition and Required Fees, to WASHINGTON Louisiana North Carolina Rhode Island Florida Mississippi Tennessee New Hampshire Wisconsin West Virginia Alabama South Dakota New York Connecticut Alaska Idaho Kentucky Oregon Utah Indiana Arkansas Kansas Massachusetts National Average Nevada Montana Delaware New Mexico Georgia Illinois Iowa Virginia Wyoming Colorado GCS Average* Vermont Minnesota Hawaii South Carolina Ohio Oklahoma Missouri Maryland Pennsylvania Nebraska Michigan New Jersey North Dakota California Maine Texas Arizona 10.0% 9.9% 9.5% 8.6% 8.5% 8.3% 7.7% 7.4% 7.3% 7.0% 6.9% 6.8% 6.5% 6.3% 6.1% 6.0% 5.9% 5.6% 5.3% 5.3% 4.9% 4.9% 4.8% 4.7% 4.4% 4.4% 4.1% 3.9% 3.8% 3.8% 3.7% 3.7% 3.6% 3.4% 3.4% 3.4% 3.3% 3.1% 3.1% 3.0% 3.0% 2.9% 2.9% 2.9% 2.8% 2.5% 2.3% 0.3% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 15.0% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% * Includes California, Colorado, Connecticut, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, and Virginia. Washington Student Achievement Council 7

11 Chart 3: Comprehensive Colleges and Universities Resident Undergraduate Tuition and Required Fees, New Hampshire New Jersey Illinois Michigan Arizona Ohio Virginia Massachusetts South Carolina Vermont GCS Average* Pennsylvania WASHINGTON Indiana Connecticut Maryland Alabama Kentucky Wisconsin Oregon Texas South Dakota Iowa Rhode Island National Average^^ Maine Minnesota Tennessee California New York Arkansas Missouri Georgia Nevada Colorado Florida North Dakota Nebraska Idaho Mississippi West Virginia Louisiana North Carolina Kansas Utah Oklahoma Montana New Mexico 9,909 9,496 9,452 9,272 9,096 9,066 8,928 8,746 8,739 8,582 8,541 8,437 8,285 8,126 7,786 7,692 7,680 7,662 7,635 7,635 7,598 7,544 7,452 7,350 7,322 7,191 6,751 6,650 6,630 6,598 6,585 6,307 6,272 6,042 6,013 5,977 5,796 5,639 5,557 5,503 5,352 5,165 4,954 4,910 4,314 $0 $2,000 $4,000 $6,000 $8,000 $10,000 $12,000 12,668 12,635 11,762 *Includes California, Colorado, Connecticut, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, and Virginia. Washington Student Achievement Council 8

12 Chart 4: Comprehensive Colleges and Universities Percentage Change in Resident Undergraduate Tuition and Required Fees, to Utah Louisiana WASHINGTON Florida Colorado North Carolina New Hampshire Mississippi California New Mexico Oklahoma Wisconsin Tennessee Massachusetts Alabama Texas West Virginia New York GCS Average* Idaho Kentucky National Average^^ Kansas South Dakota Minnesota Rhode Island Nevada Nebraska Montana Vermont Iowa Illinois New Jersey Connecticut Virginia Arkansas Missouri Michigan Ohio Indiana Pennsylvania Maryland South Carolina Oregon Arizona North Dakota Georgia Maine 8.9% 8.7% 8.6% 8.4% 7.0% 6.3% 6.2% 6.2% 5.8% 5.8% 5.7% 5.3% 5.3% 5.3% 5.2% 5.2% 5.2% 5.0% 4.7% 4.6% 4.5% 4.5% 4.4% 4.3% 4.2% 3.9% 3.8% 3.7% 3.7% 3.7% 3.6% 3.6% 3.4% 3.3% 3.3% 3.2% 3.0% 3.0% 2.7% 2.4% 2.2% 1.8% 0.0% 14.6% 12.2% 12.0% 11.9% 11.9% 0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0% 20.0% 25.0% 30.0% *Includes California, Colorado, Connecticut, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, and Virginia. Washington Student Achievement Council 9

13 Chart 5: Community Colleges Resident Undergraduate Tuition and Required Fees, New Hampshire Alaska Vermont Minnesota Massachusetts Wisconsin Montana New York Iowa Oregon Kentucky New Jersey Alabama WASHINGTON Pennsylvania Missouri Rhode Island North Dakota Virginia Maryland Georgia Tennessee Ohio South Carolina GCS Average* Colorado Connecticut National Average Indiana Maine Illinois Oklahoma Delaware Utah Hawaii Florida West Virginia Arkansas Idaho Louisiana Nevada Nebraska North Carolina Wyoming Kansas Texas Mississippi Arizona California New Mexico 1,380 1,187 5,585 5,352 5,335 5,177 5,086 4,686 4,470 4,437 4,369 4,200 4,149 4,110 4,000 3,976 3,967 3,950 3,937 3,735 3,722 3,688 3,686 3,682 3,629 3,625 3,616 3,598 3,591 3,455 3,287 3,237 3,178 3,136 3,109 3,100 3,091 2,997 2,944 2,917 2,904 2,700 2,674 2,440 2,391 2,332 2,273 2,252 2,216 $0 $1,000 $2,000 $3,000 $4,000 $5,000 $6,000 $7,000 7,033 *Includes California, Colorado, Connecticut, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, and Virginia. Washington Student Achievement Council 10

14 Chart 6: Community Colleges Percentage Change in Resident Undergraduate Tuition and Required Fees, to Montana California Louisiana WASHINGTON North Carolina Colorado Rhode Island Nevada Arizona Alaska New York Oregon National Average Ohio GCS Average* Wisconsin Maryland Wyoming Oklahoma Arkansas Utah Missouri Pennsylvania Texas Virginia West Virginia Tennessee New Mexico Vermont Hawaii Massachusetts Illinois Nebraska Kentucky Mississippi Alabama Iowa Florida Minnesota Connecticut New Jersey South Carolina Indiana Georgia Delaware Idaho New Hampshire Kansas North Dakota Maine 8% 7% 7% 7% 7% 7% 6% 6% 6% 6% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 2% 2% 1% 1% 1% 1% 0% 13% 13% 12% 28% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 36% * Includes California, Colorado, Connecticut, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, and Virginia. Washington Student Achievement Council 11

15 Appendix B. National Comparisons of Tuition and Required Fees By State, through National Tables 1-10 provide tuition and required fee rates for institutions in the 50 states between and The tables also show percentage changes in tuition and required fees over the last five academic years. States are listed in alphabetical order. Each table also includes national averages for each year, Washington s national rank, and averages for the seven Global Challenge States (GCS). The Global Challenge States have been identified as having a high potential to succeed in today s knowledge-driven, global economy. This comparison group is frequently used by the Washington State Legislature. The Global Challenge States include California, Colorado, Connecticut, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, and Virginia. National Tables 1-4 display tuition and required fee rates for full-time undergraduate and graduate students at the flagship institution in each state. National Tables 5-8 represent the average tuition and fees of the comprehensive colleges and universities in each state. National Tables 9-10 represent the average tuition and fees of all community colleges as reported by each state s system office. Tuition and fee data are not collected for individual community colleges, with one exception. For Michigan, the average community college tuition and fee rate was calculated using data from the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) maintained by the U.S. Department of Education s National Center on Education Statistics. As a result, tuition and fee information for was not available from IPEDS at the time of publication. Some states have more than one public research institution. The tuition and required fees at the non-flagship institutions are not included in any of the above tables. Washington Student Achievement Council 12

16 Washington Student Achievement Council 13

17 Washington Student Achievement Council 14

18 Washington Student Achievement Council 15

19 Washington Student Achievement Council 16

20 Washington Student Achievement Council 17

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22 Washington Student Achievement Council 19

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24 Washington Student Achievement Council 21

25 Washington Student Achievement Council 22

26 Appendix C. Endnotes for National Tables Endnotes Pertinent information about the tuition and fee data reported in all tables of Appendix B is included below. Only tables with endnotes are included in this listing. National - Table 1: Flagship Universities: Resident Undergraduate Tuition and Required Fees National - Table 2: Flagship Universities: Nonresident Undergraduate Tuition and Required Fees National - Table 3: Flagship Universities: Resident Graduate Tuition and Required Fees National - Table 4: Flagship Universities: Nonresident Graduate Tuition and Required Fees National - Table 5: Comprehensive Colleges and Universities: Resident Undergraduate Tuition and Required Fees (State Averages) Illinois: tuition and fees reflect entry-level rates. Kentucky: tuition and fees reflect average of upperand lower-divisions. Ohio: tuition and fees reflect entering students in that year. Rhode Island: includes one-time assessment fee of $200 ($250 for University of Rhode Island students) in spring 2009 due to decreases in state appropriations to higher education. Washington: required fees only reflect services and activities, and technology fees. Illinois: tuition and fees reflect entry-level rates. Kentucky: tuition and fees reflect average of upperand lower-divisions. Ohio: tuition and fees reflect entering students in that year. Rhode Island: includes one-time assessment fee of $200 ($250 for University of Rhode Island students) in spring 2009 due to decreases in state appropriations to higher education. Washington: required fees only reflect services and activities, and technology fees. Washington: required fees only reflect services and activities, and technology fees. University of Washington rates are for the Tier II graduate level. Washington: required fees only reflect services and activities, and technology fees. University of Washington rates are for the Tier II graduate level. Illinois: tuition and fees reflect entry-level rates. Ohio: tuition and fees reflect entering students in that year. Rhode Island: includes one-time assessment fee of $200 ($250 for University of Rhode Island students) in spring 2009 due to decreases in state appropriations to higher education. Washington: required fees only reflect services and activities, and technology fees. Washington Student Achievement Council 23

27 Endnotes (continued) National - Table 6: Comprehensive Colleges and Universities: Nonresident Undergraduate Tuition and Required Fees (State Averages) National - Table 7: Comprehensive Colleges and Universities: Resident Graduate Tuition and Required Fees (State Averages) National - Table 8: Comprehensive Colleges and Universities: Nonresident Graduate Tuition and Required Fees (State Averages) National - Table 9: Community Colleges: Resident Tuition and Required Fees (Estimated State Averages) National - Table 10: Community Colleges: Nonresident Tuition and Required Fees (Estimated State Averages) Illinois: tuition and fees reflect entry-level rates. Ohio: tuition and fees reflect entering students in that year. Rhode Island: includes one-time assessment fee of $200 ($250 for University of Rhode Island students) in spring 2009 due to decreases in state appropriations to higher education. Washington: required fees only reflect services and activities, and technology fees. Washington: required fees only reflect services and activities, and technology fees. Washington: required fees only reflect services and activities, and technology fees. Indiana: tuition and fees reflect those at Ivy Tech Community College of Indiana. In prior reports, Indiana reported a blended tuition that included Vincennes University (two-year). Washington: required fees only reflect services and activities, and technology fees. Indiana: tuition and fees reflect those at Ivy Tech Community College of Indiana. In prior reports, Indiana reported a blended tuition that included Vincennes University (two-year). Washington: required fees only reflect services and activities, and technology fees. Washington Student Achievement Council 24

28 Appendix D. List of Included Colleges and Universities National Tables 1 through 8 National Tables: Colleges and Universities This appendix lists only the institutions reflected in National Comparison Tables 1-8 in Appendix B. The names of some colleges and universities have changed over time. The most current names are listed below. *Indicates the state flagship university reflected in Tables 1-4 in Appendix B. States with more than one research institution will not see the non-flagship institution listed here. **Indicates a state university system. Data represent an average of comprehensive institutions in the system. Tuition and fee data from comprehensive state colleges and universities are averaged for Tables 5, 6, 7, and 8. ALABAMA *University of Alabama-Tuscaloosa Alabama State University University of Montevallo University of North Alabama University of South Alabama University of West Alabama ALASKA *University of Alaska Fairbanks ARIZONA *University of Arizona Arizona State University-Main Campus Northern Arizona University ARKANSAS *University of Arkansas-Fayetteville Arkansas State University-Main Campus Arkansas Tech University University of Arkansas at Monticello University of Central Arkansas CALIFORNIA *University of California-Berkeley California Polytechnic State University-San Luis Obispo California State College-San Bernardino California State University-Chico California State University-Fresno California State University-Fullerton California State University-Northridge California State University-Long Beach California State University-Los Angeles California State University-Sacramento Humboldt State University Sonoma State University COLORADO *University of Colorado at Boulder Adams State College Fort Lewis State College Metropolitan State College of Denver University of Northern Colorado Western State College Colorado CONNECTICUT *University of Connecticut-Storrs Central Connecticut State University Southern Connecticut State University Western Connecticut State University DELAWARE *University of Delaware FLORIDA *University of Florida-Gainesville **State University System Comprehensive GEORGIA *University of Georgia Albany State University Armstrong Atlantic State University Augusta State University Columbus State University Georgia College and State University Georgia Southern University University of West Georgia Valdosta State University HAWAII *University of Hawaii at Manoa Washington Student Achievement Council 25

29 IDAHO *University of Idaho Boise State University Idaho State University ILLINOIS *University of Illinois at Urbana/Champaign Eastern Illinois University Illinois State University Northeastern Illinois University Northern Illinois University Western Illinois University INDIANA *Indiana University-Bloomington Ball State University Indiana State University IOWA *University of Iowa University of Northern Iowa KANSAS *University of Kansas-Main Campus Emporia State University Fort Hays State University Pittsburg State University Wichita State University KENTUCKY *University of Kentucky-Lexington Eastern Kentucky University Kentucky State University Morehead State University Murray State University Northern Kentucky University University of Louisville Western Kentucky University LOUISIANA *Louisiana State University-Baton Rouge Grambling State University Louisiana Technical University McNeese State University Nicholls State University Northwestern State University of LA Southeastern Louisiana University University of Louisiana-Monroe MAINE *University of Maine University of Maine at Fort Kent University of Maine at Machias University of Maine at Presque Isle MARYLAND *University of Maryland-College Park Bowie State University Coppin State University Frostburg State University Morgan State University St. Mary's College of Maryland Towson State University MASSACHUSETTS *University of Massachusetts-Amherst Fitchburg State College Framingham State College Massachusetts College of Art and Design Massachusetts College of Liberal Arts Salem State College University of Massachusetts-Dartmouth Worcester State College MICHIGAN *University of Michigan-Ann Arbor Central Michigan University Eastern Michigan University Grand Valley State University Northern Michigan University Oakland University Western Michigan University MINNESOTA *University of Minnesota-Twin Cities **State University System Comprehensive MISSISSIPPI *University of Mississippi-Main Campus Alcorn State University Jackson State University Mississippi University for Women Mississippi Valley State University University of Southern Mississippi MISSOURI *University of Missouri-Columbia Missouri Southern State University Missouri State University Missouri Western State University Truman State University University of Central Missouri MONTANA *University of Montana-Missoula Montana State University-Billings University of Montana-Western Washington Student Achievement Council 26

30 NEBRASKA *University of Nebraska-Lincoln University of Nebraska-Kearney Wayne State College NEVADA *University of Nevada-Reno University of Nevada-Las Vegas NEW HAMPSHIRE *University of New Hampshire-Durham Keene State College Plymouth State University NEW JERSEY *Rutgers University-New Brunswick Ramapo College of New Jersey Richard Stockton College of NJ Rowan University Montclair State University New Jersey City University New Jersey Institute of Technology The College of New Jersey NEW MEXICO *University of New Mexico-Main Campus Western New Mexico University NEW YORK *University of Buffalo SUNY at Fredonia SUNY at Geneseo SUNY College at Brockport SUNY College at Buffalo SUNY College at New Paltz SUNY College at Old Westbury SUNY College at Oswego SUNY College at Plattsburgh SUNY College at Potsdam SUNY Empire State College NORTH CAROLINA *University of N. Carolina at Chapel Hill Appalachian State University East Carolina University North Carolina Central University Western Carolina University Winston Salem State University NORTH DAKOTA *University of North Dakota-Grand Forks Dickinson State University Mayville State University Minot State University Valley City State University OHIO *Ohio State University-Main Campus Bowling Green State University-Main Campus University of Akron-Main Campus University of Toledo Wright State University-Main Campus OKLAHOMA *University of Oklahoma-Norman East Central University Northeastern State University Northwestern OK State University Southeastern OK State University Southwestern OK State University University of Central Oklahoma OREGON *University of Oregon-Eugene Eastern Oregon University Oregon Institute of Technology Portland State University Southern Oregon University PENNSYLVANIA *Pennsylvania State University-Main Campus Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania California University of Pennsylvania Cheyney University of Pennsylvania Clarion University of Pennsylvania East Stroudsburg University of Pennsylvania Edinboro University of Pennsylvania Indiana University of Pennsylvania Kutztown University of Pennsylvania Lock Haven University of Pennsylvania Mansfield University of Pennsylvania Millersville University of Pennsylvania Slippery Rock University of Pennsylvania Shippensburg University of Pennsylvania RHODE ISLAND *University of Rhode Island Rhode Island College SOUTH CAROLINA *University of South Carolina/Columbia Francis Marion College SOUTH DAKOTA *University of South Dakota-Vermillion Black Hills State University Dakota State University Washington Student Achievement Council 27

31 TENNESSEE *University of Tennessee-Knoxville Austin Peay State University East Tennessee State University Middle Tennessee State University University of Memphis University of Tennessee-Chattanooga University of Tennessee-Martin TEXAS *University of Texas at Austin Angelo State University Midwestern State University Sam Houston State University Stephen F. Austin State University Texas A&M University-Commerce Texas A&M University-Kingsville Texas State University-San Marcos University of North Texas West Texas A&M University UTAH *University of Utah Weber State University VERMONT *University of Vermont Castleton State College Lyndon State College West Chester University of Pennsylvania WASHINGTON *University of Washington Central Washington University Eastern Washington University Western Washington University WEST VIRGINIA *West Virginia University-Morgantown Bluefield State College Concord University Fairmont State University Marshall University Shepherd University West Liberty State College West Virginia University Institute of Technology WISCONSIN *University of Wisconsin-Madison University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh University of Wisconsin-River Falls University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point WYOMING *University of Wyoming VIRGINIA *University of Virginia Main Campus George Mason University James Madison University Longwood College Old Dominion University Radford University Washington Student Achievement Council 28