practical information
|
|
- Julia Morris
- 8 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 practical information hermes cover special Cover for Islamic finance march 2012
2 practical information hermes cover special Cover for Islamic finance hermes cover for islamic finance Hermes Cover is available to protect exports to highrisk markets against the risk of a loss of receivables for political or commercial reasons. This holds also true for exports to Islamic countries no matter whether they are located in the Gulf or in South East Asia. Export credit guarantees are available for them too. In order to assert themselves in international competition, German export - ers must not only offer good products but also be able to provide attractive terms of payment or appropriate finance. Export credit guarantees offer a high degree of flexibility, allowing exporters and banks to offer bespoke transaction financing solutions. One prime example of this is the financing instruments which have been devel - oped under the term islamic finance. In connection with Hermes Cover, funding models complying with Islamic Sharia law are attracting heightened attention particularly as banks are anxious to eliminate potential legal risks arising from the ban on charging interest which applies in many Islamic countries. This ban on charging interest has been a subject of much discussion in connection with buyer credit cover for years. conventional buyer credits for financing operations in islamic countries With conventional export finance, export transactions are frequently financed by means of a buyer credit issued by a bank to the foreign debtor. The bank may then seek to hedge the amount owing to it under the loan by taking out buyer credit cover. This covers not only the loan cap - ital but also the borrowing costs including the agreed interest. In accordance with Art. 5 of the General Terms and Conditions (FKG), amounts owing can only be re - covered if the claim in question is legally valid. In this connection, the bank bears the risk of the applicable law. There is a tendency in many Islamic countries for trading transactions to be excluded from the ban on charging interest. Thus, local commercial law in Iraq, Egypt, Syria and Libya permits the payment of limited amounts of interest. In other countries (Saudi-Arabia, Pakistan, Sudan), financial transactions which include an interest element are at least accepted in practice. On the basis of experience gained with export credit guarantees, it is fair to say that debtors in these countries generally also acknowledge the interest owed. However, if a receivable is not settled, the recoverability of interest may give rise to legal uncertainty which may be outside the scope of the cover. This applies even if the interest owed is backed by bills of exchange. However, many years of practical experience with claims payments have shown that it is generally possible to indemnify interest claims because the foreign customer has not disputed the legal validity of the interest owing. Even so, there is a theoretical risk that an interest claim may not qualify for indemnification and this has prompted a number of banks to introduce new contract models to address this problem. 2 Export Credit Guarantees of the Federal Republic of Germany
3 ban on charging interest enshrined in sharia law Contracts entered into with business partners based in Islamic countries must observe the principles of Islamic Sharia law. Sharia is not a uniform code of laws such as the German Civil Code but rather a general set of rules of conduct based on the Koran and the traditions of interpretation established by the various schools of Islamic legal thought. The fundamental principles underlying Sharia include the ban (haram) on certain types of business activity in connection with alcohol, tobacco and gambling (maysir) as well as business entailing a speculative element (gharar). The ban on charging in terest on loans (ribâ) is of particular relevance for ex - port business. Various financing techniques, collectively known as islamic banking, have been developed to incorporate these basic principles. basic elements of sharia-conformant financing operations Not only Islamic but also international banks are in - creasingly developing financing models conforming to Sharia in the expectation of reducing the existing legal risks in this way. The structure underlying such financing operations must satisfy commercial, legal and also religious requirements. This is monitored by Sharia councils who advise the bank on religious/ethic matters and prepare a report in which they confirm the permissibility of the transaction. However, a statement by the Sharia scholars only has a binding legal effect within the bank providing the finance. The legal validity of the contrac - tual claims and the recoverability of the amounts owing from the debtor must be verified in an independent court decision. As Sharia is a supranational body of law derived from different sources and schools of legal thought, the version of Sharia applied may vary from country to country and from region to region. This explains the different interpretations of Sharia; indeed, many individual questions are subject to dispute. For this reason, contracts are not based solely on Sharia law but additionally also on the law of a specific jurisdiction (e.g. frequently English law). The forms of finance fundamentally permitted under Islamic Sharia law include private equity finance such as Mudaraba and Mushâraka, (share of equity or profits), Ijara (leasing), Istisna (project finance) and Sukuk (bonds conforming to Sharia law). The form of finance most commonly used in export finance is Murabaha (mark-up sale or cost-plus financing). murabaha finance To date, export credit guarantees have only been applied for in connection with Murabaha finance. Banks have been advised by external legal experts on the wording of the contract and have explained the basic principles of Murabaha to the Federal Government as follows: In terms of its legal nature, a Murabaha transaction resembles more a contract for the sale and purchase of goods rather than an abstract loan. Thus, the bank provides the buyer with an asset in lieu of a loan. The function of the Murabaha is comparable to that of an interest-bearing loan. In the case of a Murabaha, the bank buys the goods to be delivered from the German exporter and then resells them to the foreign buyer seeking finance. The bank finances the purchase price using its own funds and Export Credit Guarantees of the Federal Republic of Germany 3
4 practical information hermes cover special Cover for Islamic finance grants the buyer a respite on the payment of the price. In return for this payment respite, the buyer pays a markup (Murabaha profit), the amount of which is equivalent to the interest which would be payable under a conventional loan. Repayments are made in instalments like a conventional loan. If multiple deliveries are to be made, the bank enters into a master Murabaha contract with the foreign customer, under which the latter undertakes to buy a certain volume of goods on the agreed dates. The payments released to the exporter by the bank are then made on a prorated basis upon execution of the delivery, as is the case with conventional finance. If the finance is based on a fixed rate of interest, the Murabaha profit payable can be set for the entire term of the transaction when the corresponding Murabaha contract is signed. It is advisable to additionally back the amount owing with a bill of exchange in the same way as is done in the case of a conventional buyer credit to facilitate the recovery of the amount owing to the bank by the buyer. Additional collateral can also be agreed upon with a Murabaha. contractual relationship in the case of a muarabaha financing operation Bank Purchase price 1st Sales contract Goods Exporter Goods 2nd Sales contract Purchase price + profit margin Buyer 4 Export Credit Guarantees of the Federal Republic of Germany
5 murabaha financing operations eligibility for cover As a matter of principle, a Murabaha as an alternative to a conventional buyer credit can be included in buyer credit cover. This is based on the assumption that the Murabaha replaces the buyer credit to finance an export transaction that is eligible for cover and that the re - payment profile is equivalent to that of a buyer credit. There are no separate General Terms and Conditions for Islamic finance; if necessary, special conditions can be included in the letter of guarantee to govern specific details. The object of the cover in the case of both Murabaha and conventional buyer credits is the claim agreed upon in a contract signed between the bank and the foreign debtor for repayment of the amount advanced by the bank to the German exporter. Instead of the interest, the so-called Murabaha profit as an element of the borrowing costs is covered. As the General Terms and Con - ditions exclude cover for any legal risks, the bank must prove in the event of any loss that it has obtained legally valid claims to recover repayment and the Murabaha profit by signing binding Murabaha contracts which reflect the repayment and interest profile of the covered buyer credit in terms of amounts and payment periods. As is the case with conventional buyer credit, the bank does not have any unilateral right of termination or suspension under a Murabaha transaction. This means that the bank remains obliged to make payments to the ex - porter on the agreed dates even if the foreign customer fails to meet its obligation towards the bank to enter into individual Murabaha contracts (breach of contract). risks and cost of murabaha finance In granting Hermes Cover, the Federal Government does not assume liability for the risk of the bank failing to es - tablish a legally valid claim against the foreign customer. As is the case with a conventional buyer credit, it does not exert any influence on the structure or wording of the contracts. By acting as an intermediary, the bank assumes more complex risks than would be the case under a conventional loan contract in which the claim held against the borrower is completely separate from the underlying contract for the sale and purchase of goods. Even so, banks are able to structure the contract in such a way as to minimize any untoward risks. For example, the bank can stipulate that the foreign buyer is to bear the transportation risk or the risk of loss. In addition, it can exclude warranty claims and, in return for this, assign its warranty claims against the exporter to the buyer. The contract can be structured to spread the risk in such a way that it comes close to an abstract loan contract in this respect. The goods can be delivered directly from the exporter to the buyer. In execution of the contracts which have been entered into, the buyer initially accepts delivery of the goods on behalf of the bank but does not gain ownership rights in the goods until they are transferred to it by the bank under the terms of the second sales contract. As the bank briefly becomes the owner of the goods, it is also necessary to address the related liability, corporate tax and VAT issues. Given the complexity of the underlying contracts, banks must use the services of legal specialists. As a result, Murabaha finance is generally more expensive than conventional buyer credits. Export Credit Guarantees of the Federal Republic of Germany 5
6 practical information hermes cover special Cover for Islamic finance suitability of murabaha finance for variable interest In the case of conventional Murabaha, a fixed interest rate is mandatory as proof of the bank s mark-up (Murabaha profit). This is generally contingent upon a fixed delivery plan, something which is frequently dif - ficult to implement in the case of large projects in par - ticular. If necessary, an alternative form of Murabaha can be used if floating interest rates are preferred. In this case, profit equivalent to interest is generated on a semiannual basis. Accordingly, a contract structure has been presented to the Federal Government under which the bank does not acquire the assets to be exported from the exporter. Instead, it buys standard commodities (e.g. copper) on behalf of the foreign buyer upon each delivery made by the exporter and during the repayment phase. These commodities are then resold to the buyer subject to a respite on payment of the purchase price, in return for which the buyer pays the Murabaha profit. The bank then sells these commodities to an on-sale broker on the same day on behalf of the buyer. The proceeds from the sale are paid to the exporter upon delivery of the goods with the result that the exporter receives its money in the same way as it would under a buyer credit. The trading in commodities is continued during the repayment phase of the loan. In this way, the bank effectively receives the claims to profit, which are tantamount to a floating six-month interest rate. This ensures that the export transaction and the finance transaction are kept separate, while the buyer obtains the ownership rights to the exported goods (in line with standard practice) directly from the exporter. However, this method of finance is not considered to be acceptable by all Islamic legal scholars. No practical experience has been gained to date with such financing operations, particularly in the event of any loss. combined murabaha and export cover As with conventional buyer credit, the exporter can apply for cover for supplier credit and manufacturing risk cover. In this case, the General Term and Conditions (G/FG) apply either directly or by analogy in the export - er s favour depending on the wording of the contract. With Murabaha financing operations, too, the exporter must lodge a letter of undertaking, just as it would with conventional financing operations. alternative forms of finance According to the relevant literature on Islamic finance, the predominant view held by Islamic legal scholars is that the goods to be exported must already be in exis - tence on the date on which the sales contract is entered into between the bank and the buyer to qualify as Murabaha finance. Accordingly, there is only limited scope for Murabaha in the case of long-term capital goods finance, particularly plant construction. One alternative which it may be possible to use in such a case is the Islamic form of leasing, known as ijara. Ijara can also be structured as a forward lease or sale-and-leaseback transaction. In addition, istisna (comparable to a 6 Export Credit Guarantees of the Federal Republic of Germany
7 contract for work and materials) is also available as a means of financing special bespoke production or infrastructure projects. In contrast to Murabaha finance, however, no export credit guarantees have so far been granted for these complex financing models. outlook To date, only limited experience has been gained in granting export credit guarantees in connection with Islamic finance. This also includes the assertion of payment claims before a court of law or out of court. At this stage, there is nothing to indicate that Islamic finance will replace conventional buyer credit for exports to Is - lamic countries. Islamic banking accounts for less than 5% of the global market. Nonetheless, it is reasonable to assume that the share of Islamic finance will continue to widen. In addition, the major international banks have realized the market potential and are attempting to enter new areas of business by developing competitive new products. Accordingly, credit insurers are also likely to be increasingly faced with Sharia-compliant methods of finance. Sabine Kindler Export Credit Guarantees of the Federal Republic of Germany 7
8 Euler Hermes Aktiengesellschaft Export Credit Guarantees of the Federal Republic of Germany e 0115 Postal address Hamburg, Germany Office address Gasstraße Hamburg, Germany Phone: +49 (0)40/ Fax: +49 (0)40/ Branch offices: Berlin, Frankfurt, Hamburg, Cologne, Munich, Stuttgart
practical information
practical information hermes cover special Leasing Cover february 2014 practical information hermes cover special Leasing Cover what leasing business is eligible for federal government cover? Leasing cover
More informationinformation foreign customers
information foreign customers imports from germany march 2012 information foreign customers imports from germany Do you import goods and services from Germany? In this case the Export Credit Guarantees
More informationpractical information
practical information hermes cover special Combined use of Export Credit and Investment Guarantees march 2012 practical information hermes cover special Combined use of Export Credit and Investment Guarantees
More informationpractical information
practical information hermes cover special Constructional works cover february 2014 practical information hermes cover special Constructional works cover The execution of major construction works, such
More informationpractical information
practical information hermes cover special Refinancing of officially supported export receivables march 2012 practical information hermes cover special Refinancing of officially supported export receivables
More informationproduct information revolving buyer credit cover march 2012
product information revolving buyer credit cover march 2012 product information revolving buyer credit cover With revolving buyer credit cover, a bank insures repayments due under a loan with a maximum
More informationHow To Get Hermes Cover On Credit
practical information hermes cover special Cover for local-currency receivables march 2012 practical information hermes cover special Cover for local-currency receivables Export contracts are for the most
More informationAn introduction to Islamic Finance in. Nairobi, 8 October 2013. Allen & Overy LLP
An introduction to Islamic Finance in Banking Transactions Nairobi, 8 October 2013 David Miles Allen & Overy LLP Introduction (1) David Miles is a partner in Allen & Overy's Abu Dhabi office. He has over
More informationproduct information credit confirmation risk cover march 2012
product information credit confirmation risk cover march 2012 product information credit confirmation risk cover With buyer credit cover for risks arising from the confirmation of letters of credit (short:
More informationpractical information
practical information hermes cover special Commercial risks march 2012 practical information hermes cover special Commercial risks i. consequences arising out of the shift in the causes of loss For more
More informationpractical information
practical information hermes cover special Permissible payment terms in connection with the granting of export credit cover march 2012 practical information hermes cover special Permissible payment terms
More informationIslamic Syndicated Financing: An Underdeveloped Method of Sharia Compliant Financing
Islamic Syndicated Financing: An Underdeveloped Method of Sharia Compliant Financing Ayman H. A. Khaleq and Amar N. Meher, Vinson & Elkins LLP, with PLC Finance. A discussion of Islamic syndicated financing,
More informationTreasury Operations of Islamic Banks
CHAPTER 26 Treasury Operations of Islamic Banks Introduction The world s financial markets are now taking serious notice of the tremendous growth of Islamic banking in the international markets. This can
More informationIJARA-BASED FINANCING
IJARA-BASED FINANCING Definition of Ijara (Leasing) The term Ijara (Leasing) in Arabic literally means to give something on rent. Ijara contract is an agreement wherein a lessor (mu ajjir) leases physical
More informationpractical information
practical information hermes cover special Counter-guarantees march 2012 practical information hermes cover special Counter-guarantees In order to have a chance of successfully bidding for contracts in
More informationGeneral Terms and Conditions of NEC Tokin Europe GmbH
General Terms and Conditions of NEC Tokin Europe GmbH 1 Scope 1.1 These terms and conditions shall apply exclusively to all deliveries, services and quotations from NEC Tokin Europe GmbH hereafter referred
More informationTRADE-BASED FINANCING MURABAHA (COST-PLUS SALE)
TRADE-BASED FINANCING MURABAHA (COST-PLUS SALE) The early models of Islamic banks are based on partnership of mudharaba and musharaka (profit-loss sharing) structure. Such equitybased financing are perceived
More informationIssues in Islamic Finance and (Re)Takaful business
GIRO Workshop Issues in Islamic Finance and (Re)Takaful business 3 October 2007 Mohammad Khan Director PricewaterhouseCoopers Agenda/Contents What is Islamic Finance? What is Takaful and ReTakaful Business?
More informationSUGGESTED AMENDMENTS. Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act
SUGGESTED AMENDMENTS Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act The underlined words are our suggested language: BIA section 65.1 (7), (8) and (9) 65.1 (1) If a notice of intention or a proposal has been filed in respect
More informationBy: Priya Uberoi, Senior Associate, Derivatives and Structured Finance Nick Evans, Trainee Solicitor, Derivatives and Structured Finance
PROFIT RATE SWAP By: Priya Uberoi, Senior Associate, Derivatives and Structured Finance Nick Evans, Trainee Solicitor, Derivatives and Structured Finance The market for Sharia-compliant derivatives products
More informationFinance that fits. Finance that fits SCF00009 2/15
Finance that fits Finance that fits Finance that fits If you ve already found the car you want and are now looking for finance, it s important to choose the type that s right for you. Santander Consumer
More informationGlossary of Terms. Al Ajr A commission, fees or wages levied for services.
Glossary of Terms Al Ajr A commission, fees or wages levied for services. Amana/Amanah Reliability or trustworthiness. Important value of Islamic society in mutual dealings. It also refers to deposits
More informationGENERAL TERMS OF PURCHASE of Globe Chemicals GmbH valid for contracts with merchants effective May 1 st, 2005
GENERAL TERMS OF PURCHASE of Globe Chemicals GmbH valid for contracts with merchants effective May 1 st, 2005 1. General 1.1 The terms of purchase set out below are valid for all also future purchases
More informationGeneral Terms and Conditions for Pre-shipment Risk Insurance GTC P
General Terms and Conditions for Pre-shipment Risk Insurance GTC P Valid from 31 March 2012 (Version 2.2/2012) Table of Contents 1 Object and Scope of the Insurance 3 2 Liability Period 4 3 Insured Risks
More informationSharia compliant financing of commercial real estate
Sharia compliant financing of commercial real estate Resource type: Practice note Status: Maintained Jurisdictions: England, Wales This practice note looks at the key issues surrounding Sharia compliant
More informationwww.tsys.com Solutions for Islamic Banking
Solutions Overview Solutions for Islamic Banking Provide for a Growing Market Enhance Your Brand Grow Customer Loyalty Grow your Islamic card business and help clients stay aligned with Sharia law Solutions
More informationLAW ON FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS. ( Official Herald of the Republic of Serbia, Nos. 62/2006 and 31/2011) I GENERAL PROVISIONS
LAW ON FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS ( Official Herald of the Republic of Serbia, Nos. 62/2006 and 31/2011) The present Law shall govern: I GENERAL PROVISIONS Article 1 1) payments, collections and transfers
More informationDEPARTMENTAL INTERPRETATION AND PRACTICE NOTES NO. 50 TAXATION OF SPECIFIED ALTERNATIVE BOND SCHEMES
Inland Revenue Department Hong Kong DEPARTMENTAL INTERPRETATION AND PRACTICE NOTES NO. 50 TAXATION OF SPECIFIED ALTERNATIVE BOND SCHEMES These notes are issued for the information of taxpayers and their
More informationIslamic Financial Instruments. Majid Pireh Islamic Finance Expert Securities & Exchange Organization(SEO) Tehran, Iran
Islamic Financial Instruments Majid Pireh Islamic Finance Expert Securities & Exchange Organization(SEO) Tehran, Iran Definition of Islamic Financial Instruments Islamic Financial Instruments are kinds
More informationL A W ОN FOREIGN EXCHANGE OPERATIONS
L A W ОN FOREIGN EXCHANGE OPERATIONS This Law shall govern: I GENERAL PROVISIONS Article 1 1) payments, collections and transfers between residents and nonresidents in foreign means of payment and dinars;
More informationShari a-compliant Securities (Sukuk). September 2012
Shari a-compliant Securities (Sukuk). September 2012 // Table of contents What is Islamic Finance? 2 Key Principles for Islamic Instruments 3 Key Types of Islamic Instruments 4 Using Islamic Instruments
More informationAdolf Münchinger Holz Import Export GmbH &Co K.G January 2002
Adolf Münchinger Holz Import Export GmbH &Co K.G January 2002 General supply and payment terms and conditions 1. Scope of application 1.1 These supply and payment terms and conditions only apply to companies
More informationThe Certified Islamic Specialist in Capital markets
1 The Certified Islamic Specialist in Capital markets Introduction: Capital markets comprise one of the significant organs in the economies of modern states for their key role in collecting savings and
More informationGeneral Terms and Conditions for Contract Bond Insurance GTC CB
General Terms and Conditions for Contract Bond Insurance GTC CB Valid from 31 March 2012 (Version 2.2/2012) Table of Contents 1 Object and Scope of the Insurance 3 2 Liability Period 3 3 Insured Risks
More informationGeneral rules to legitimate the tawarruq transaction:
CONTROVERSIAL DEBT-BASED FINANCING PRODUCTS The Islamic financial services industry has witnessed the introduction of some mechanisms recently that are either forbidden or at best controversial. These
More informationLAW ON FOREIGN EXCHANGE OPERATIONS
LAW ON FOREIGN EXCHANGE OPERATIONS This Law shall govern: (Consolidated) 1 I. BASIC PROVISIONS Article 1 1) payments, collections and transfers between residents and non-residents in foreign means of payment
More informationb) General Sales Conditions: these general sales and delivery conditions;
GENERAL SALES AND DELIVERY CONDITIONS OF LABORI INTERNATIONAL B.V. 1. DEFINITIONS 1.1 In these general sales and delivery conditions the following terms have the following meaning: a) Buyer: the person
More informationGOLDMAN SACHS EXECUTION & CLEARING, L.P. and SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT of FINANCIAL CONDITION PURSUANT to RULE 17a-5 of the SECURITIES and EXCHANGE COMMISSION As of June 30, 2010 30 HUDSON STREET JERSEY CITY, NJ 07302 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL
More informationUnited Nations Convention on the Assignment of Receivables in International Trade
United Nations Convention on the Assignment of Receivables in International Trade UNITED NATIONS UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON THE ASSIGNMENT OF RECEIVABLES IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE UNITED NATIONS New York,
More informationGeneral Terms and Conditions for Supplier Credit Insurance GTC S
General Terms and Conditions for Supplier Credit Insurance GTC S Valid from 31 March 2012 (Version 2.2/2012) Table of Contents 1 Object and Scope of the Insurance 3 2 Liability Period 3 3 Insured Risks
More informationOutstanding Loans Received From Abroad by Private Sector. Definitions and Explanations. Statistics Department Balance of Payments Division
Outstanding Loans Received From Abroad by Private Sector Definitions and Explanations Statistics Department Balance of Payments Division Contents I- Definitions... 3 II- Compilation Of The External Debt
More informationYork Business Associates, L.L.C. (d/b/a TransAct Futures) and Subsidiary FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT.
York Business Associates, L.L.C. (d/b/a TransAct Futures) and Subsidiary FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT December 31, 2014 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL CONDITION December
More informationLECTURE NO.8 THE ROLE OF GUARANTEES AND BONDS IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE
LECTURE NO.8 THE ROLE OF GUARANTEES AND BONDS IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE A guarantor issues a guarantee or bond, usually a bank or an insurance company, on behalf of an exporter. It is a guarantee to the buyer
More informationINFORMATION ON RISKS IN SECURITIES TRADING
INFORMATION ON RISKS IN SECURITIES TRADING Introduction This notice does not disclose all of the risks and other significant aspects of trading in financial instruments. In light of the risks, Investor
More informationASPE AT A GLANCE Section 3856 Financial Instruments
ASPE AT A GLANCE Section 3856 Financial Instruments December 2014 Section 3856 Financial Instruments Effective Date Fiscal years beginning on or after January 1, 2011 1 SCOPE Applies to all financial instruments
More informationRISK DISCLOSURE STATEMENT
RISK DISCLOSURE STATEMENT You should note that there are significant risks inherent in investing in certain financial instruments and in certain markets. Investment in derivatives, futures, options and
More informationIslamic Banking and the Housing Industry. Abdel Karim Halabi, Monash University Abdul Malik Mirza, Queensland University of Technology
Islamic Banking and the Housing Industry Abdel Karim Halabi, Monash University Abdul Malik Mirza, Queensland University of Technology Introduction Individuals and families today have many forms of finance
More information(1) Our offers are subject to change, unless they are explicitly designated as
General Terms of Sales and Service of MBA Design & Display Produkt GmbH (Status: May 2015) 1 The scope of application (1) Our General Terms and Conditions (GTC) apply exclusively and without further formal
More information18 BUSINESS ACCOUNTING STANDARD FINANCIAL ASSETS AND FINANCIAL LIABILITIES I. GENERAL PROVISIONS
APPROVED by Resolution No. 11 of 27 October 2004 of the Standards Board of the Public Establishment the Institute of Accounting of the Republic of Lithuania 18 BUSINESS ACCOUNTING STANDARD FINANCIAL ASSETS
More information(Financial Policy F17.3) Guaranteed Housing Loan to Faculty and Staff (Policy) Table of Contents
Financial Services Page 1 of 5 (Financial Policy F17.3) Guaranteed Housing Loan to Faculty and Staff (Policy) Effective Date: February 13, 2009 Signature/Position: Assistant Vice-President, Finance and
More informationFirst column=preferred terms. Bold and italics signifies other defined terms. Bold signifies alternate terms used.
First column=preferred terms. Bold and italics signifies other defined terms. Bold signifies alternate terms used. 1= Governance; 2=Facilities and Products; 3 Charges; 4 Legal terms and security arrangements;
More informationAn Overview of Islamic Finance
An Overview of Islamic Finance February 2008 Hung Wai Wong Senior Manager Commercial Banking, HSBC Bank Middle East Ltd. Size of Islamic Banking The first modern experiment with Islamic Banking was undertaken
More informationMORTGAGE TERMS. Assignment of Mortgage A document used to transfer ownership of a mortgage from one party to another.
MORTGAGE TERMS Acceleration Clause This is a clause used in a mortgage that can be enforced to make the entire amount of the loan and any interest due immediately. This is usually stipulated if you default
More informationWhat You Should Know About General Agreements of Indemnity and Why You Should Know It
What You Should Know About General Agreements of Indemnity and Why You Should Know It Summary When a contractor (for purposes of this discussion, contractor includes subcontractor) first seeks surety credit,
More informationINDIVIDUAL CLIENT AGREEMENT AGILITY FOREX LTD INDIVIDUAL CLIENT AGREEMENT
INDIVIDUAL CLIENT AGREEMENT INDIVIDUAL CLIENT AGREEMENT The following terms and conditions apply to individuals who are transacting: for their own account, as a sole proprietor of a business, as a trustee
More informationGeneral Terms and Conditions for Working Capital Insurance for Loans to Sub-Contractors GTC WC-SC
General Terms and Conditions for Working Capital Insurance for Loans to Sub-Contractors GTC WC-SC Valid from 31 March 2012 (Version 2.2/2012) Table of Contents 1 Object and Scope of the Insurance 3 2 Liability
More informationGOLDMAN SACHS EXECUTION & CLEARING, L.P. STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL CONDITION PURSUANT to RULE 17a-5 of the SECURITIES and EXCHANGE COMMISSION
STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL CONDITION PURSUANT to RULE 17a-5 of the SECURITIES and EXCHANGE COMMISSION As of June 30, 2013 200 WEST STREET NEW YORK, NY 10282 Statement of Financial Condition INDEX Page No.
More informationAn Oracle White Paper September 2012. Islamic Banking Processes and Products Key Regional Variations
An Oracle White Paper September 2012 Islamic Banking Processes and Products Key Regional Variations Disclaimer The following is intended to outline our general product direction. It is intended for information
More informationThe consolidated financial statements of
Our 2014 financial statements The consolidated financial statements of plc and its subsidiaries (the Group) for the year ended 31 December 2014 have been prepared in accordance with International Financial
More informationINTEREST RATE SWAP (IRS)
INTEREST RATE SWAP (IRS) 1. Interest Rate Swap (IRS)... 4 1.1 Terminology... 4 1.2 Application... 11 1.3 EONIA Swap... 19 1.4 Pricing and Mark to Market Revaluation of IRS... 22 2. Cross Currency Swap...
More informationNotes to the consolidated financial statements continued
144 www.ocadogroup.com Stock Code: OCDO to the consolidated financial statements continued 4.5 instruments Accounting policies assets and financial liabilities are recognised on the balance sheet when
More informationFCI GENERAL RULES FOR INTERNATIONAL FACTORING (Printed July 2013)
FCI GENERAL RULES FOR INTERNATIONAL FACTORING (Printed July 2013) TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION I Article 1 Article 2 Article 3 Article 4 Article 5 Article 6 Article 7 Article 8 Article 9 Article 10 Article
More informationADDITIONAL COVENANT ON PROVISION SECURITY TRADING VIA AMERIA META TRADER PLATFORM
ADDITIONAL COVENANT ON PROVISION SECURITY TRADING VIA AMERIA META TRADER PLATFORM This covenant (hereinafter 'the Covenant') is entered into under the legislation of the Republic of Armenia (RA) by and
More informationFCI GENERAL RULES FOR INTERNATIONAL FACTORING (Printed June 2010)
FCI GENERAL RULES FOR INTERNATIONAL FACTORING (Printed June 2010) TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION I Article 1 Article 2 Article 3 Article 4 Article 5 Article 6 Article 7 Article 8 Article 9 Article 10 Article
More informationGENERAL RULES FOR INTERNATIONAL FACTORING
GRIF GENERAL RULES FOR INTERNATIONAL FACTORING 03/10/2011 GRIF General Rules for International Factoring Page 2 of 20 TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION I General provisions... 4 Article 1 Factoring contracts and
More informationHow To Understand The International Factoring Rules
GRIF GENERAL RULES FOR INTERNATIONAL FACTORING 08/10/2013 GRIF General Rules for International Factoring Page 2 of 21 GRIF General Rules for International Factoring Page 3 of 21 TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION
More informationInvoice Factoring, Debtors Discounting and Trade Finance are bridging facilities using your debtors, stock or movable assets to raise cash.
Dear Sir / Madam, Re Bridging Facilities Invoice Factoring, Debtors Discounting and Trade Finance are bridging facilities using your debtors, stock or movable assets to raise cash. A key element is that
More informationFINANCING PRODUCTS (EQUITY-BASED)
Source: Obaidullah, Mohammed, Islamic Financial Services, Jeddah: Scientific Publishing Centre, King Abdulaziz University, 2005. Chapter 5 FINANCING PRODUCTS (EQUITY-BASED) In this section we discuss various
More informationPreuzeto iz elektronske pravne baze Paragraf Lex
www.paragraf.rs Preuzeto iz elektronske pravne baze Paragraf Lex Ukoliko ovaj propis niste preuzeli sa Paragrafovog sajta ili niste sigurni da li je u pitanju važeća verzija propisa, poslednju verziju
More informationParties to a guarantee. Direct guarantees
Guarantees The request for bank guarantees in support of contractual obligations has become common practice in the market and different forms of guarantees have evolved to cater for the diverse types of
More informationTMX TRADING SIMULATOR QUICK GUIDE. Reshaping Canada s Equities Trading Landscape
TMX TRADING SIMULATOR QUICK GUIDE Reshaping Canada s Equities Trading Landscape OCTOBER 2014 Markets Hours All market data in the simulator is delayed by 15 minutes (except in special situations as the
More informationFSPBA1 Set up bank accounts for customers
FSPBA1 Set up bank accounts for customers Overview This unit is about the process of setting up bank accounts for both new and existing customers. You will need to complete the process of setting up individual
More informationGOLDMAN SACHS EXECUTION & CLEARING, L.P. and SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT of FINANCIAL CONDITION PURSUANT to RULE 17a-5 of the SECURITIES and EXCHANGE COMMISSION As of June 30, 2011 200 WEST STREET NEW YORK, NY 10282 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL
More informationQUICK GUIDE TO ISAs 2014/2015
INDIVIDUAL SAVINGS ACCOUNTS 2014/2015 An Individual Savings Account (ISA) is not an investment in its own right rather it is a type of account that can be used to undertake tax-advantageous investment.
More informationNet revenue 785 25 1,721 05 5,038 54 3,340 65 Tax payable (235 58) (516 32) (1,511 56) (1,002 20)
Answers Fundamentals Level Skills Module, Paper F9 Financial Management December 2013 Answers 1 (a) Calculating the net present value of the investment project using a nominal terms approach requires the
More informationInternational Accounting Standard 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement
EC staff consolidated version as of 18 February 2011 FOR INFORMATION PURPOSES ONLY International Accounting Standard 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement Objective 1 The objective of this
More informationNordex SE Conference Call FY 2014
Nordex SE Conference Call FY 2014 Frankfurt 23 March 2015 AGENDA 1. Highlights Dr. Jürgen Zeschky 2. Operational progress Dr. Jürgen Zeschky 3. Financials 2014 Bernard Schäferbarthold 4. Market development
More informationSTUDENT LOAN INFORMATION
STUDENT LOAN INFORMATION 1. Data of the creditor Creditor Address Activity licence Telephone number E-mail Fax number Web address Membership in associations Supervisory authority Swedbank AS, registered
More informationLAW ON FOREIGN EXCHANGE OPERATIONS
LAW ON FOREIGN EXCHANGE OPERATIONS This Law shall govern: (CONSOLIDATED) 1 I. BASIC PROVISIONS Article 1 1) payments, collections and transfers between residents and non-residents in foreign means of payment
More informationFORFAITING. A useful tool in Trade Finance
1. What is Forfaiting? 2. Which instruments are eligible for forfaiting? 3. Why does the Exporter like the forfaiting tool? 4. What is the advantage for the Importer? 5. Any advantage for the Importers
More informationNordex SE Conference Call Q1 2015
Nordex SE Conference Call Q1 2015 Hamburg 13 May 2015 AGENDA 1. Highlights Dr. Jürgen Zeschky 2. Operational progress and order intake Dr. Jürgen Zeschky 3. Financials Q1 2015 Bernard Schäferbarthold 4.
More informationFinancial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement
STATUTORY BOARD FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARD SB-FRS 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement This version of the Statutory Board Financial Reporting Standard does not include amendments that
More informationInterim Report Period: 01-01-2007 to 30-06-2007
Interim Report TABLE OF CONTENTS At a glance Key figures 3 Letter by the Management Board 4 Group Management Report 5 Focus on high-margin segments 5 International network a key success factor 6 Development
More informationDISTRIBUTOR AGREEMENT
DISTRIBUTOR AGREEMENT This Distributor Agreement (the "Agreement") is entered into as of, 20 ("Effective Date"), by Absoft Corporation ("Absoft"), 2781 Bond Street, Rochester Hills, Michigan 48309, U.S.A.,
More informationPersonal Loan Agreement
March 2014 HSBC Bank Middle East Limited - PERSONAL LOAN AGREEMENT HSBC Bank Middle East Limited Personal Loan Agreement Copyright. HSBC Bank Middle East Limited 2014 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this
More informationConsolidated Financial Statements Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for Fiscal Year 2014
171 The most important exchange rates applied in the consolidated financial statements developed as follows in relation to the euro: Currency Average rate Closing rate Country 1 EUR = 2014 2013 2014 2013
More informationIFRS Foundation: Training Material for the IFRS for SMEs. Module 30 Foreign Currency Translation
2009 IFRS Foundation: Training Material for the IFRS for SMEs Module 30 Foreign Currency Translation IFRS Foundation: Training Material for the IFRS for SMEs including the full text of Section 30 Foreign
More informationREGULATIONS GUIDING SECURITIES MARGIN TRADING
REGULATIONS GUIDING SECURITIES MARGIN TRADING (Issued with Decision 637-QD-UBCK dated 30 August 2011, effective from date of signing) TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1... 1 General Provisions... 1 Article 1
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
ECON 4110: Sample Exam Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Economists define risk as A) the difference between the return on common
More informationInstitute of Chartered Accountant Ghana (ICAG) Paper 2.4 Financial Management
Institute of Chartered Accountant Ghana (ICAG) Paper 2.4 Financial Management Final Mock Exam 1 Marking scheme and suggested solutions DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU HAVE COMPLETED THE MOCK EXAM ii Financial
More informationSmall and Medium Enterprises
Small and Medium Enterprises YOUR LOANS Small and Medium Enterprises Financing Products for Your Business A consumer education programme by: contents 1 Introduction 2 The right product for the right purpose
More informationNSW Self Insurance Corporation Amendment (Home Warranty Insurance) Act 2010 No 30
New South Wales NSW Self Insurance Corporation Amendment (Home Warranty Insurance) Contents Page 1 Name of Act 2 2 Commencement 2 Schedule 1 Amendment of NSW Self Insurance Corporation Act 2004 No 106
More informationEDITOR: DR. ULRICH BRINK, BETTE WESTENBERGER BRINK RECHTSANWÄLTE, MAINZ (GERMANY) EDITOR S NOTE
FACTORING MODEL LAW PREPARED BY THE LEGAL COMMITTEE OF INTERNATIONAL FACTORS GROUP CHAIRMAN: MR. CORNELIU ROBU (MS MICHÈLE CARDOENS - DR ULRICH BRINK - MR PETER KLAUS, MR DIETER HARDT - MR ERIK TIMMERMANS)
More informationHow To Account In Indian Accounting Standards
Indian Accounting Standard (Ind AS) 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement Contents Paragraphs Objective 1 Scope 2 7 Definitions 8 9 Embedded derivatives 10 13 Recognition and derecognition
More informationEXTERNAL COMMERCIAL BORROWINGS & TRADE CREDITS. FEMA guidelines provide Indian companies to access funds from abroad by following methods:-
EXTERNAL COMMERCIAL BORROWINGS & TRADE CREDITS FEMA guidelines provide Indian companies to access funds from abroad by following methods:- a) External Commercial Borrowings (ECB):- It refers to commercial
More informationUNIVERSITY BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
UNIVERSITY BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES AUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Years ended TABLE OF CONTENTS Independent Auditor s Report 1 Financial Statements Consolidated Balance Sheets 3 Consolidated
More informationEach Swap Futures Contract shall include the relevant terms and conditions set out in Part II: Specific Standard Terms for Swap Futures Contracts
SECTION TTT PART I: GENERAL CONTRACT TERMS TTT Section TTT: Swap Futures and related Options Contracts ( Swap Futures Contracts ) Each Swap Futures Contract shall include the terms and conditions described
More informationAbu Dhabi Islamic Bank PJSC
REPORT OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 31 DECEMBER 2015 The audited Consolidated Financial Statements are subject to adoption by the Shareholders at the Annual General Meeting.
More information5. Conferment of rights and duties resulting from the contract to third parties by the Orderer need prior written affirmation by the Contractor.
General Terms and Conditions of INGENERIC GmbH, Dennewartstr. 25-27, 52068 Aachen, Germany Scope of Application The following Terms and Conditions shall apply to all current and future agreements entered
More informationTRADER CONSULTING AGREEMENT
TRADER CONSULTING AGREEMENT This Agreement entered into this [ ] day of [ ], sets forth the terms of the Professional relationship between [ ] ( you or Trader ) and Maverick FX Capital, LLC (the Company
More information