Our Vision for the Next Generation

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2 NM Voices for Children 2012 Children s Charter: Our Vision for the Next Generation 1. All children and their families are economically secure. 2. All children and their families have a high-quality cradle-to-career system of care and education. 3. All children and their families have quality health care and supportive health programs. 4. All children and their families are free from discrimination based on race, ethnicity, religion, disability, gender, sexual orientation, or country of origin. 5. All children and their families live in safe and supportive communities. 6. All children and their families interests and needs are adequately represented in all levels of government through effective civic participation and protection of voters rights. 7. All children and their families needs are a high priority in local, state, and federal budgets and benefit from a tax system that is fair, transparent, and that generates sufficient revenues.

3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Production of New Mexico Voices for Children s annual KIDS COUNT data book would not be possible without the generous support of the Annie E. Casey Foundation and other donors. Other contributors to this year s publication include: Eric Griego, Firestik Studio, and Ms. Print. Several key staff members from New Mexico Voices for Children provided essential data analysis, input, feedback and support, including: Amber Wallin and Armelle Casau. This research analysis was funded by the Annie E. Casey Foundation. We thank them for their support but acknowledge that the findings and conclusions presented in this report are those of the author(s) alone, and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the Foundation. NEW MEXICO VOICES FOR CHILDREN BOARD OF DIRECTORS OFFICERS Board Chair Debra L. Baca Vice-President, Youth Development, Inc. Vice-Chair Fred Harris Director, UNM Fred Harris Congressional Internship Treasurer Donald Simonson, Ph.D. International Banking & Finance Advisor Secretary Gail Goldstein, M.Ed. Early Childhood Consultant NEW MEXICO VOICES FOR CHILDREN STAFF Veronica C. García, Ed.D. Executive Director Lori Bachman, MA Director of Organizational Planning, Quality Assurance, and Fund Development Gerry Bradley, MA Senior Researcher and Policy Analyst Armelle Casau, Ph.D. Policy and Research Analyst Jacque Garcia, MPH Bernalillo County Place Matters Team Coordinator Christine Hollis, MPH, MPS KIDS COUNT Director James C. Jimenez, MPA Director of Policy, Research, and Advocacy Integration Bill Jordan, MA Senior Policy Advisor/Governmental Relations Sharon Kayne Communications Director Brian Urban Fund Development, Outreach, and Membership Coordinator MEMBERS Javier Aceves, MD Chief, Division of General Pediatrics, UNM Mária T. Brock, LISW Project Director, Tribal Home Visiting, Native American Professional Parent Resources, Inc. Marilyn Hill, MPA Deputy State Treasurer Robert P. McNeill, JD Robert P. McNeill Law Offices Patricia Rodriquez, Ph.D. Early Childhood Education Specialist, STG International, Inc. Diana Valdez, Ph.D. Psychologist, Bernalillo Public Schools Frances Varela, RN, MSN, MALAS President, Varela Consulting Group Luis Vargas, Ph.D. Psychotherapist, UNM Children s Psychiatric Hospital Sheri Williams, Ed.D. Assistant Professor of Educational Leadership, UNM Amber Wallin, MPA Research and Policy Analyst Danila Crespin Zidovsky, MPA Fund Development and Community Relations Officer

4 Table of Contents TAKING A TWO-GENERATION APPROACH TO A TWO-PRONGED PROBLEM TRENDS AND RANKINGS Economic and Well-Being Children in Poverty Parents without Secure Employment Families Burdened by High Housing Costs Disconnected Youth Education Preschool Enrollment Reading and Math Proficiency, and On-Time Graduation Rates Health Low Birth-Weight Babies Children without Health Insurance Child and Teen Death Rates Teen Alcohol and Drug Abuse Family and Community Children in Single-Parent Families Parents without a High School Diploma High-Poverty Areas Teen Birth Rate TABLES AND GRAPHS Economic Well-Being: Child Poverty New Mexicans Living in Poverty by Age and County New Mexicans Living in Poverty by Race/Ethnicity Households Receiving SNAP Assistance by County Economic Well-Being: Parental Income Median Household Income by County Median Household Income by Tribe/Pueblo Median Household Income by Race/Ethnicity Households with Income from Interest, Dividends or Net Rental Receipts by County Economic Well-Being: Families Burdened by High Housing Costs Households in which Families Face a High Housing Cost Burden by Ownership and County Economic Well-Being: Disconnected Youth Youth (Ages 19-26) Not in School and Not Working by Race/Ethnicity Education: Enrollment Student Enrollment by Race/Ethnicity Total Enrollment and Percentage of Students Eligible for Free/Reduced-Price Meals by School District Education: Reading and Math Proficiency Fourth Graders Proficient and Above in Reading by Race/Ethnicity, Gender, and Income Eighth Graders Proficient and Above in Math by Race/Ethnicity, Gender, and Income Students Proficient and Above in Reading and Math by Grade and School District New Mexico Voices for Children

5 Education: Attendance Habitual Truancy and Dropout Rates by School District Education: Graduation Rates High School Graduation Rates by Selected Status and School District High School Graduation Rates by Race/Ethnicity and Gender Health: Prenatal Care Births to Women Receiving No Prenatal Care by Selected Status and County Births to Women Receiving No Prenatal Care by Race/Ethnicity Births to Women Receiving Prenatal Care in the First Trimester by Race/Ethnicity Mothers Receiving Late or No Prenatal Care by Race/Ethnicity Health: Infant Mortality Infant Mortality Number and Rates by County Health: Child Health Insurance Children without Health Insurance by Income Level and County Children (Under Age 21) Enrolled in Medicaid by County Health: Child Abuse Substantiated Child Abuse Allegations and Investigations by Type of Abuse and County Health: Teen Mental Health and Suicide High School Students Who Reported Feeling Persistent Sadness or Hopelessness and/or Who Have Attempted Suicide by County Youth Suicide Rates by Race/Ethnicity Family and Community: Population Child Population by Race/Ethnicity Population Estimates by Age and County Family and Community: Types of Families Families by Householder Type and County Families by Householder Type and Tribe/Pueblo Family and Community: Adult Education Adults (Ages 25 and Older) by Educational Attainment Level and County Adults (Ages 25 and Older) by Educational Attainment Level and Tribe/Pueblo Family and Community: Births to Teens Teen (Ages 15-19) Birth Rates by Race/Ethnicity METHODOLOGY MAJOR DATA SOURCES OTHER DATA SOURCES COUNTY INDEX Kids Count Data Book 3

6 New Mexico KIDS COUNT Data Book Taking a Two-Generation Approach to a Two-Pronged Problem New Mexico is strong when our families and communities are strong. The strength of the state s economy rests not just on the businesses that employ our workforce, but also on the purchasing power of our families. With some of the highest rates of poverty and income inequality in the nation, New Mexico s economic future faces significant obstacles. Every state s greatest resource is their human capital. States that make appropriate, targeted and sufficient investments in their people have the highest quality of life. But when a high percentage of their people face persistent, systemic and policy-related obstacles such as generational poverty, structural racism, historical trauma, and decade-upon-decade of marginalization states must take a more focused, comprehensive approach to those investments. They must ensure that the systems they put in place to help people overcome these obstacles are evidence-based, tailored to specific needs, accessible, coordinated, and effective. While New Mexico s high poverty rate is nothing new, the state hit rock-bottom in terms of child well-being in That was the year the Annie E. Casey Foundation s (AECF) widely respected KIDS COUNT program ranked New Mexico dead last among the fifty states in children s well-being. While that pronouncement generated a great deal of public dialog and concern, state leaders have yet to consider let alone adopt a comprehensive plan of action to address the issue. In response to the 2013 ranking, and the poor prognosis it foretells for the state, New Mexico Voices for Children added a Trends and Rankings section to our annual KIDS COUNT in New Mexico data book. This section tracks how and whether the state and its counties are making progress in addressing the sixteen key indicators used by the AECF to determine child well-being. As state policies significantly affect whether children have access to the opportunities they need to succeed, the Trends and Rankings section also includes policy recommendations. The recommendations included here represent a small portion of the policy solutions that are available in our NM KIDS are COUNTing on Us policy agenda (which is available on our website at No matter which policies New Mexico s leaders adopt to improve child well-being, it is critical that they take a two-generation approach. As children do not grow up in a vacuum, their welfare depends on the strength and resources of their families and communities, as well as the business, health and education systems and government policies that affect them. Any programs that seek to improve child well-being must consider the needs of the parents and must be coordinated with services that address those needs. BUILDING STRONGER FAMILIES Two major factors in New Mexico underlie why policy-level and programmatic efforts to improve child well-being are needed now poverty and race/ ethnicity. The state s high poverty rate one in five New Mexicans live in poverty is one of New Mexico s most challenging problems. When parents struggle economically, youngsters face stressors that negatively affect their brain development, long-term health, socio-emotional behaviors and well-being. 4 New Mexico Voices for Children

7 While being employed should lift people out of poverty, more than half of our working families are poor that s a family of three living on an annual income no higher than $19,790. Too many jobs not only fail to pay a family-supporting wage, they also do not offer basic benefits such as paid sick leave. Another quarter of our working families are low-income that s a family of three living on no more than $39,580. One reason so many of New Mexico s working families can only find low-wage jobs is that our labor force has lower levels of education than those in other states. Of workers ages 18 to 64 in New Mexico, 15 percent have not graduated from high school and 69 percent do not have a college degree. Unfortunately, New Mexico does not provide enough of the resources, time or support systems working parents need in order to improve their education either by attending college or receiving job training. NEW MEXICO CHILD (AGES 0-18) POPULATION BY RACE/ETHNICITY ( ) 11% Native American 2% Black, African- American 1% Asian 5% Two or More Races 57% Hispanic 24% White, non-hispanic Investments in educating parents provide more than economic benefits for our families and the state. The higher a parent s educational level, the more likely their children will do well in school and graduate. Higher parental education is linked to better-developed communication skills in their children. Language skills, along with social, emotional and physical health, are critical if children are to do well in school. Single-parent families tend to have lower incomes and fewer resources than do two-parent families. Unfortunately, in New Mexico and the nation there is an increasing trend toward more single-parent families, especially those headed by single-mothers. Infrastructure such as affordable child care provided by caring, qualified adults is especially critical for these parents. RACE FOR RESULTS INDEX SCALE OF 0 (LOWEST) TO 1000 (HIGHEST) United States New Mexico Hispanic White Native American Black/African American Asian/Pacific Islander Source: Race for Results: Building a Path to Opportunity for all Children, Annie E. Casey Foundation, 2014 Source: American Community Survey, Table SO201, U.S. Census MAKING SURE EVERYONE MATTERS For New Mexico to prosper, we need the talents and abilities of every child in the next generation available to our communities. Yet, racial and ethnic disparities clearly different outcomes for children of different racial and ethnic groups suggest that we run the risk of losing out on the potential of some children. While the population of the United States as a whole will not be minority-majority for several decades, New Mexico already has a minority-majority populace. Our state is also one of only four in the nation with a minority-majority child population meaning the majority of children (75 percent in New Mexico) are of racial or ethnic minority groups. By far the largest ethnic group in New Mexico is Hispanic. And while the majority of New Mexico Hispanics identify racially as White, Hispanic children as a whole do not fare as well as their non-hispanic White peers. With such a significant minority-majority child population, the economic and social price of letting our minority children remain behind is already much too high. In 2014, the Annie E. Casey Foundation released the KIDS COUNT policy report Race for Results: Building a Path to Opportunity for all Children. It measures the 2014 Kids Count Data Book 5

8 NEW MEXICO FAMILIES IN POVERTY BY RACE/ETHNICITY ( ) Percentage of New Mexican Families 35% % Total 23% Hispanic Native American Black/ African American Asian states on a set of twelve equity indicators representing factors that influence a child s ability to succeed. Each state is given a composite score for each racial/ethnic group in the Race for Results Index. The scores, on a scale of 0 to 1,000 (with 1,000 being the highest), indicate whether or not a child is likely to be progressing on key developmental milestones across states and racial groups. These data again demonstrated that New Mexico is performing poorly in supporting its racial/ethnic minority children. Only our Black children, who are concentrated in Clovis and Alamogordo (both of which have military bases), score higher than the national average for their racial/ethnic group. 8% White 32% 23% 10% Source: American Community Survey, Table S0201, U.S. Census Prenatal care throughout the entire pregnancy helps mothers have healthy babies who are born at normal birth weights. Yet, children and mothers of color are not well served by the state s health care system, as our Native American, African American and Hispanic mothers are more likely than White mothers to receive only late or no prenatal care. This sets these children up for potential developmental delays or health problems. While the achievement gap in education may be slowly narrowing in some areas, our minority children still lag behind their White peers in terms of reading and math proficiency scores, graduation rates, and college attendance. Educational equity gaps begin early. Though high-quality early childhood care and learning services prepare preschoolers for K-12 success, too many of New Mexico s minority children are unable to participate in these services. More than 50 percent of Hispanic and 46 percent of Native American toddlers are not enrolled in preschool or kindergarten, which can put them at a learning disadvantage when they start school. Such early learning disadvantages contribute to the overall lower percentages of New Mexico s minority students who are proficient in 4th grade reading and 8th grade math. Proficient reading ability at 4th grade is a key indicator of whether students will succeed in the rest of their educational career, and students proficient in math are more likely to complete college and do well in the workplace. These data clearly indicate the need for policy makers to be cognizant of the sustained disadvantage faced by too many of our children. (See the Tables and Graphs section for more data disaggregated by race and ethnicity.) When looking at data that are disaggregated by race and ethnicity we see disparities in virtually every indicator of child well-being. Racial/ethnic minority children and families are more likely to live in poverty than their White counterparts, and are less likely to live in two-parent families. While 64 percent of all children in the state live in two-parent families, only 47 percent of Native American, 55 percent of African American, and 63 percent of Hispanic children live with two parents. MOVING AHEAD IN A TWO-GENERATIONAL APPROACH Many public policies and programs meant to help close inequities for children and families tend to focus on either parents or children, but not on meeting the needs of both. In fact, programs may inadvertently put parents and children s needs at odds with each other. For example, a parent attending job training programs or college may not be eligible for child care assistance. This may mean their children end up in unsafe or 6 New Mexico Voices for Children

9 substandard care. State, federal and foundation-funded programs intended to help these families and/or children are generally not structured for interagency collaboration, and tend to operate in isolation from each other. For parents with limited resources, learning about, accessing and seeking assistance from this maze of programs can be a monumental task. In another 2014 KIDS COUNT policy report, Creating Opportunity for Families: A Two-Generation Approach, the Casey Foundation makes three overarching recommendations for ensuring a two-generation approach. Create policies that equip parents and children with the income, tools and skills they need to succeed as a family and individually. This recommendation includes policies such as: Increasing tax credits for low-income parents; Expanding career pathways and apprenticeship programs and pairing them with supports such as child care assistance; and Adopting policies at the state and employer level, such as paid family, maternity and sick leave as well as family-friendly scheduling, to help working parents take care of children in times of need. Put common sense into common practice by structuring social services to respond to the realities facing today s families. This recommendation includes policies such as: Creating a state interagency commission to analyze data, and draft and promote legislation aimed at integrating services from numerous state departments aimed at families and/or children; and Enacting an express-lane approach using eligibility data for one program, like SNAP, Head Start or Medicaid, to enroll children in other needed programs. that model healthy parenting practices, help connect families with community resources, and help parents take an active role in their child s education; and Using financing options, such as SNAP Employment and Training funding, to provide job-training, along with early child care, after-school care, and transportation for parents. In the following pages, you ll find more information on how both our children and families are doing. In tracking outcomes for the sixteen KIDS COUNT indicators, we note some encouraging signs from 2013 fewer households dealing with a high housing cost burden, more children covered by health insurance, lower child and teen death rates, lower teen birth rates, and more household heads who have a high school diploma. At the same time, certain outcomes continue to be discouraging more children in poverty, as well as living in high-poverty areas, fewer teens in school and/or working, little progress in reading and math proficiency or in high school graduation, and increasing numbers of children living in single-parent families. All children, regardless of social and economic status, race or ethnicity, should have the best possible shot at reaching their potential. All children need the early learning opportunities that will put them on the path to success in school, as well as safe communities with resources, services and amenities, an effective health promotion and care system, and a solid economic base that provides adequate family-supporting jobs. Providing these opportunities, through two-generation policy changes, to all children and families in the state is essential to the state s and nation s prosperity. Use existing child, adult and neighborhood programs and platforms to build evidence for practical pathways out of poverty for entire families. This recommendation includes policies such as: Expanding programs (such as home visiting) 2014 Kids Count Data Book 7

10 TRENDS AND RANKINGS Economic Well-Being: CHILD POVERTY Living in poverty, especially long-term and in their earliest years, negatively affects a child s growth and development, and the consequences of it are felt throughout life. THE EXTENT OF THE PROBLEM The quality of our future workforce is predicated, in large part, by what sorts of opportunities our children have today. Living in poverty, especially long-term and in their earliest years, negatively affects a child s growth and development, and the consequences of it are felt throughout life. Children in poverty have fewer of the resources available to them that all children need to help them thrive and succeed. They are less likely to achieve academically, more likely to suffer from adverse childhood experiences, such as food insecurity and homelessness, and are more likely to have poor physical and mental health. As children depend on their parents for economic security, which affects their health and educational status, a two-generation approach is needed to tackle child poverty successfully. We must address ways to improve the educational levels and job skills of parents, as well as increase health, social and emotional supports for the whole family. TRACKING CHANGE FOR 2014 New Mexico ranks 48th in the nation for child poverty. New Mexico s child poverty rate increased from 28 percent in 2012 to 30 percent in New Mexico s child poverty rate has been steadily increasing since the recession began, and continues to be much higher than it was in 2005 (26 percent). The state s economy has been very slow to recover, which contributes to this poor statistic, but there has also been little legislative policy change such as increasing the Working Families Tax Credit or returning eligibility levels for child care assistance to pre-recession levels that would help address and improve this situation. 8 New Mexico Voices for Children

11 TRENDS 35% RANKINGS Children Living in Poverty* New Mexico United States Children Living in Poverty* by County ( ) Los Alamos County 6% Union County 11% Mora County 15% New Mexico United States Sandoval County 16% Eddy County 16% Harding County 20% Colfax County 21% Lea County 23% U.S. (2012) 23% Santa Fe County 25% Rio Arriba County 25% Bernalillo County 25% Quay County 26% Curry County 27% Chaves County 27% San Juan County 28% Grant County 28% New Mexico 28% De Baca County 29% Catron County 29% Otero County 30% Lincoln County 30% Roosevelt County 31% Valencia County 32% Socorro County 32% San Miguel County 34% Hidalgo County 35% Doña Ana County 37% Sierra County 38% Torrance County 40% Guadalupe County 40% McKinley County 41% Taos County 42% Cibola County 45% Luna County 47% POLICY SOLUTIONS FOR NEW MEXICO Support two-generation approaches so that there is better coordination of health, education, housing and food programs for both parents and children. Raise the state s minimum wage and index it to rise with inflation, which would benefit the parents of 20 percent of New Mexico children. Increase refundable tax credits like the Working Families Tax Credit (WFTC) and the Low Income Comprehensive Tax Rebate (LICTR), and enact a more progressive income tax system so low-income families do not bear a disproportionate responsibility for state programs. Up to 60 percent of our working families would benefit. Protect SNAP benefits (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program) from ill-considered eligibility changes so the 42 percent of New Mexico children who rely on these benefits do not go hungry. Enact tougher restrictions on predatory loans (payday, car title loans, etc.), which can trap poor and low-income families in an endless cycle of increasing debt. Enact responsible economic development incentives that are contingent on proving job and wage benefits before incentives are claimed. *In 2012, one person would be considered living at the federal poverty level (FPL) with an income no higher than $11,170. A family of three living at the FPL would have an annual income no higher than $19,090. Trend Source: 2013 American Community Survey, Table S1701, U.S. Census Ranking Source: American Community Survey, Table S1701, U.S. Census 2014 Kids Count Data Book 9

12 TRENDS AND RANKINGS Economic Well-Being: PARENTS WITHOUT SECURE EMPLOYMENT In our state, a major cause for not having secure employment is the lack of at least a high school education or the skills needed for stable jobs in growing industries. THE EXTENT OF THE PROBLEM More than one-third of New Mexico s children live in families where no parent has secure (full-time, year-round) employment. Families living on part-time wages or full-time seasonal wages are very likely to live in poverty and non-secure employment places great stress on both parents and children. In our state, a major cause for not having secure employment is the lack of at least a high school education or the skills needed for stable jobs in growing industries. Parents without full-time, year-round jobs generally do not have access to employer-sponsored benefits, like health insurance or paid sick leave. These parents are most in need of child care assistance to access safe, high-quality child care, so they can train for better jobs. Due to state budget cuts, eligibility for child care assistance has been cut and many children are on a waiting list. Eligibility should again be raised so that a family of three making up to $39,580 would qualify. TRACKING CHANGE FOR 2014 Only four states rank lower than New Mexico in the percentage of children whose parents lack full-time, year round employment. New Mexico s rate did decrease slightly, from 37 percent in 2011 to 36 percent in 2012, which improved the status of approximately 7,000 children. This is just a tiny step forward, and the rate is still higher than it was before the start of the great recession, when it was 30 percent. Although in 2014 the New Mexico Legislature appropriated money to make earning a high school equivalency possible for more adults, the implementation of a new procedure for earning a GED which includes mandatory computer testing and higher fees to take the test has resulted in drastic cuts in the number of adults able to benefit from this. 10 New Mexico Voices for Children

13 TRENDS 40% New Mexico United States Children Living in Families Where No Parent Had Full-Time, Year-Round Employment* RANKINGS Families in which No Parent Had Full-Time, Year-Round Employment by County ( )* Los Alamos County 25% Eddy County 31% Curry County 33% New Mexico United States Lea County 33% Sandoval County 34% United States 35% San Juan County 35% Union County 35% Bernalillo County 36% Roosevelt County 37% New Mexico 38% Chaves County 38% Doña Ana County 40% Santa Fe County 40% Valencia County 41% Colfax County 42% Otero County 42% De Baca County 43% Hidalgo County 43% San Miguel County 43% Harding County 44% Rio Arriba County 44% Cibola County 46% McKinley County 46% Socorro County 46% Lincoln County 47% Taos County 47% Torrance County 49% Grant County 50% Guadalupe County 51% Luna County 52% Quay County 54% Mora County 57% Sierra County 65% Catron County 68% POLICY SOLUTIONS FOR NEW MEXICO Protect unemployment insurance and reinstate benefits for child dependents to help tide over families during a rough economic patch. Before the recession, those receiving unemployment benefits received a small additional benefit for each dependent child, but this support was cut in Enact real economic development initiatives, such as worker training and adult education, and require accountability for tax breaks to corporations so that these benefits are only received after they produce jobs. Tax breaks that do not create jobs should be repealed so the state can invest more money in support services for our children. Support career pathway approaches that better align adult education with post-secondary education opportunities and industry needs. *The denominators for Trends and Rankings are different. The denominator for Trends is children, while the denominator for Rankings is families. Trend Source: KIDS COUNT Data Book, Annie E. Casey Foundation, 2014 Ranking Source: American Community Survey, Table B17016, U.S. Census 2014 Kids Count Data Book 11

14 TRENDS AND RANKINGS Economic Well-Being: FAMILIES BURDENED BY HIGH HOUSING COSTS THE EXTENT OF THE PROBLEM One-third of our children live in households facing a high housing cost burden meaning they spent more than 30 percent of their income on housing costs. When housing costs are so high parents have less money to spend on food, health care, utilities, and other basic needs for their children. Whether they are renters or are paying a mortgage, families facing high housing costs may be pushed into substandard housing, where issues like mold and lead paint can pose serious health problems for young children. TRENDS 50% Children Living in Households that Spend more than 30 Percent of Their Income on Housing* New Mexico United States TRACKING CHANGE FOR 2014 New Mexico has a lower percentage of children living in families with a high housing cost burden than the national average, and the state saw some improvement between 2011 and While approximately 20,000 fewer New Mexico children lived in households with high housing cost burdens, it still means that one-third of our children still do. Certain policy efforts in 2014 may help this indicator improve: limited new funding was appropriated for the Housing Trust Fund managed by the New Mexico Mortgage Finance Authority (MFA), as well as for Individual Development Accounts (IDA) for families, and a memorial was passed calling for the creation of a Foreclosure Process Taskforce. POLICY SOLUTIONS FOR NEW MEXICO Continue increasing funding for the Housing Trust Fund so more quality housing for low- and moderate-income families can be built providing more children with stable, safe homes. Save the Home Loan Protection Act from repeal or reduction to protect more families from predatory lending practices that can lead to home foreclosure. Enact a rate cap of 36% APR (including fees) on all lending products so that families are not caught in cycles of increasing debt and can save for home purchases. *The denominators for Trends and Rankings are different. The denominator for Trends is children, while the denominator for Rankings is families. Also, the national KIDS COUNT indicator includes both rent and mortgage costs; for New Mexico we present the rent costs only. See page 36 for data on families who own their homes and face a high housing cost burden Source: KIDS COUNT Data Book, Annie E. Casey Foundation, 2014 RANKINGS Families Renting with High Housing Cost Burden by County ( )* Harding County 26% Union County 27% Eddy County 29% New Mexico United States McKinley County 30% Rio Arriba County 31% De Baca County 31% Los Alamos County 32% Lincoln County 32% Catron County 32% Quay County 33% Mora County 33% Lea County 33% Colfax County 34% Hidalgo County 35% Cibola County 35% San Juan County 36% Otero County 37% Curry County 38% Luna County 39% Socorro County 40% Torrance County 41% Guadalupe County 41% Chaves County 41% New Mexico 44% Sandoval County 45% Grant County 45% San Miguel County 46% Sierra County 47% Bernalillo County 47% United States 48% Roosevelt County 48% Taos County 49% Santa Fe County 49% Valencia County 50% Doña Ana County 52% Source: American Community Survey, Table B25070, U.S. Census 12 New Mexico Voices for Children

15 TRENDS AND RANKINGS Economic Well-Being: DISCONNECTED YOUTH THE EXTENT OF THE PROBLEM New Mexico has dropped from 47th to 49th in the national KIDS COUNT rankings in the percentage of our teens (ages 16-19) who are not in school and not working (sometimes referred to as disconnected youth). These disconnected youth tend to be racial and ethnic minorities, from low-income families, and have less education. Yet for all youth, this decade has been the most challenging in many years; the youth employment rate has dropped sharply, there are fewer jobs and fewer youth graduate on time or are ready for college. Sadly, youth who miss out on early work experience are more likely to suffer from later unemployment and are less likely to achieve higherlevel careers. TRACKING CHANGE FOR 2014 An additional 2,000 teens have dropped into the disconnected youth category since The rate has gone from 11 percent to 12 percent, and is much higher than that of the national average of 8 percent. The trend line indicates that this is a serious issue in the state, as the number of disconnected youth has been steadily increasing (with a slight drop in 2011) since the start of the recession. Few policies have been passed in the state to address this issue. POLICY SOLUTIONS FOR NEW MEXICO Enact initiatives to lower the cost of college such as making the lottery scholarship needbased, restoring the College Affordability Fund, and lowering interest rates for student loans to preserve financial aid for those otherwise unable to attend college. Crushing student debt reduces the likelihood that students will earn degrees and is a national crisis. Develop a state youth employment strategy using a career pathways approach which includes all relevant players like business, non-profits, government, school districts and higher education to help identify and provide support for disconnected youth populations, link funding to accountability and meaningful outcomes, and create incentives. Such a model should focus on low- and moderate-skill workers to boost their employability and opportunities for knowledge acquisition through higher education. TRENDS 15% RANKINGS Teens (Ages 16-19) Not Attending School and Not Working New Mexico United States Source: 2012 American Community Survey, Table B14005, U.S. Census Teens (Ages 16-19) Not Attending School and Not Working by County ( ) Los Alamos County 1% Lincoln County 4% Roosevelt County 4% New Mexico United States Catron County 5% De Baca County 6% Curry County 7% Doña Ana County 7% Eddy County 7% Colfax County 8% U.S. (2012) 8% Sandoval County 9% Bernalillo County 10% Union County 10% Chaves County 11% Luna County 11% San Miguel County 11% Torrance County 11% New Mexico 11% Cibola County 12% Santa Fe County 12% Hidalgo County 13% Otero County 13% Lea County 14% Valencia County 14% Grant County 15% McKinley County 15% San Juan County 15% Mora County 16% Quay County 16% Taos County 16% Socorro County 18% Guadalupe County 20% Harding County 20% Rio Arriba County 21% Sierra County 26% Source: American Community Survey, Table B14005, U.S. Census 2014 Kids Count Data Book 13

16 TRENDS AND RANKINGS Education: PRESCHOOL ENROLLMENT Nurturing, stimulating, non-stressful environments and adults are essential to children s positive and healthy growth. THE EXTENT OF THE PROBLEM During the first five years of life, rapid and extensive brain development occurs and toddlers also build their executive functions the core social and emotional skills that enable them to get along with others, pay attention, and control their behavior. Nurturing, stimulating, non-stressful environments and adults are essential to children s positive and healthy growth. Overwhelming research shows that high-quality early childhood care and education, including preschool prepares children for success in school and life. Yet a majority 62 percent of our youngest children, especially those of color and/or in low-income families, cannot get these services, do not reap their benefits, and enter school at a learning disadvantage. The return on investment in providing these services is high, because these programs increase high school graduation rates, lower the need for special education and remediation programs, and decrease the rates of substance abuse, juvenile crime, long-term incarceration, and teen pregnancy. TRACKING CHANGE FOR 2014 Despite the overwhelming evidence that high-quality, comprehensive early childhood care and learning services help prepare a child for school and improves their chances of academic success, New Mexico has not, over time, significantly increased the percentage of toddlers attending preschool. There was no change in the indicator between 2011 and 2012 just over one-third (38 percent) of all New Mexico s children, ages 3-4, are attending preschool, leaving a majority without this opportunity. While public polls indicate that people want more resources going to early childhood systems, it is evident that state policy makers, while increasing spending in this area, are not allocating enough sustainable funding to truly address and improve this issue. 14 New Mexico Voices for Children

17 TRENDS 50% Children (Ages 3-4) Attending Preschool New Mexico United States RANKINGS Children (Ages 3-4) Attending Preschool by County ( )* Sierra County 0% Union County 7% Torrance County 21% New Mexico United States Quay County 21% Catron County 22% Harding County 25% Colfax County 29% Valencia County 31% Doña Ana County 32% San Juan County 33% Curry County 34% Rio Arriba County 37% Taos County 38% Grant County 38% Lea County 39% New Mexico 40% Otero County 41% Bernalillo County 41% San Miguel County 42% Chaves County 42% Santa Fe County 43% McKinley County 43% Guadalupe County 45% U.S. ( ) 46% Hidalgo County 47% Roosevelt County 50% Sandoval County 51% Los Alamos County 51% Eddy County 53% Cibola County 55% Socorro County 56% Lincoln County 56% Luna County 57% Mora County 74% De Baca County 100% POLICY SOLUTIONS FOR NEW MEXICO Increase general fund spending for early care and learning services and pass a constitutional amendment to support these programs with a small percentage of the income generated from the state s Land Grant Permanent Fund. This funding could provide many more children with services like home visiting, high-quality child care, and NM Pre-K. Such programs can decrease the rates of child abuse/neglect, teen pregnancy, and health problems, and improve school performance, reading, graduation, and college entry rates. Restore eligibility for child care assistance to its pre-recession level, so higher-quality services can reach many more low-income families and the thousands of children currently on the waiting list. *Data presented as estimates from the American Community Survey (ACS) are based on a sample and subject to sampling variability. The degree of uncertainty for an estimate due to sampling variability is represented through a margin of error, which in the ACS has a value of 90 percent. The margin of error can be interpreted roughly as providing a 90 percent probability that the interval defined by the estimate minus the margin of error and the estimate plus the margin of error (the lower and upper confidence bounds) contains the true value. For several New Mexico counties, especially those with small populations, the upper and lower confidence intervals are too wide to consider the data estimates to be very reliable. Trend Source: American Community Survey, Table B14003, U.S. Census Ranking Source: American Community Survey, Table B14003, U.S. Census 2014 Kids Count Data Book 15

18 TRENDS AND RANKINGS Education: READING AND MATH PROFICIENCY, AND ON-TIME GRADUATION RATES THE EXTENT OF THE PROBLEM Proficiencies: Children who cannot read at grade level by the 4th grade are far more likely to drop out of school or to not attend college. Up through 3rd grade, children learn how to read. From 4th grade on, they must read to learn that is, use their reading skills to learn other subjects. Without strong reading skills, children fall behind on other subjects. Mathematics competency is crucial if one is to succeed in today s high-tech work environment. Young people with better math skills are more employable and tend to earn higher incomes. If middle school students are behind in their math skills, they are not prepared to take on the higher levels of mathematics required in high school and college. Yet in New Mexico, only two in every ten 8th grade students (20 percent) are proficient in math. Graduation: Approximately one-third of our high school students do not graduate on time, and this has been a persistent trend. In addition, in more than half (53 percent) of New Mexico s school districts, the on-time graduation rate was lower in 2013 than it was in This remains a major concern for the state, as students who do not graduate on time are less apt to continue to postsecondary education and training. Those who graduate on time are more employable, have better health, and higher earnings than students who don t graduate.* *Please note that the percentage of students who do not graduate on time is not the same as the percentage of students who actually drop out. Mathematics competency is crucial if one is to succeed in today s high-tech work environment. Young people with better math skills are more employable and tend to earn higher incomes. TRACKING CHANGE FOR 2014 Proficiencies: The national KIDS COUNT Data Book uses scores from the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) to assess the level of reading (4th grade) and math (8th grade) proficiency in all states. Administered every two years, the NAEP showed no change so no improvement in the percentage of New Mexico s 4th graders who were proficient in reading from 2011 to The percent of 8th graders proficient in math fell from 24 percent in 2011 to 23 percent in In reading proficiency, the state ranks at the bottom of the nation, with only two in ten (21 percent) of its 4th graders reading at a proficient level. Even measuring these proficiency levels using the state s standardized testing scores (see page 42-43), from school year (SY) to SY , the results are discouraging. The percentages of both 4th graders proficient in reading and 8th graders proficient in math dropped two percentage points (from 46 percent to 44 percent in reading, and from 42 percent to 40 percent in math). Appropriations for the K-3 Plus program were increased in 2014 to address this. While K-3 Plus is an important program that provides extra school days for children in low-income schools, it is a remedial effort rather than a preventive one. Expanding early childhood care and learning services to all children would go much further in improving these outcomes. Graduation: In general, New Mexico is also not making real progress in the percentage of its high school students who are graduating on time. Although there was improvement from SY (when 67 percent graduated on time) to SY (when 74 percent graduated on time), by SY , only 70 percent of high school students graduated on time (see page 46). No new policies have been passed in the past year that could have a positive impact on this indicator. 16 New Mexico Voices for Children

19 TRENDS 100% % Fourth Graders Scoring Below Proficient in Reading* New Mexico United States Eighth Graders Scoring Below Proficient in Math* New Mexico United States POLICY SOLUTIONS FOR NEW MEXICO Expand high-quality early childhood care and education services to help prepare youngsters for school and increase the likelihood they will reach grade-level benchmarks and graduate on time. Programs such as home visiting and parental coaching hold great promise for better preparing children for success in school. Increase K-12 per-pupil funding to help schools decrease over-crowding in classrooms, provide resources for learning needs, and mitigate the problems associated with poverty. When adjusted for inflation, per-pupil K-12 spending is still below pre-recession levels. Expand funding for K-3 Plus so more low-income students will have the additional quality instructional time they need to bring them up to grade level. Expand K-3 Plus to a K-8 Plus program because children in low-income families still need extra supports beyond 3rd grade. Expand quality before- and after-school, mentorship, and tutoring programs to provide added academic assistance to low-income and/ or low-performing students, or those whose parents may not be able to help them with their homework. Assure support for community schools, which provide students with services shown to increase academic performance school-based health centers, quality before- and after-school programming, service learning, classes for parents, and the like. 50% High School Students Not Graduating on Time New Mexico United States *These data are not available at the county level, but are broken out by school district starting on page 42. Trends data on reading and math are based on scores from the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), which are comparable across states. The data by school district are based on scores from the New Mexico standardized reading and math tests and are comparable across school districts, but cannot be compared to other states. Trend Source for Reading and Math: National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), National Center for Education Statistics Trend Source for Graduation: KIDS COUNT Data Book, Annie E. Casey Foundation, Kids Count Data Book 17

20 Women most likely to have low birth-weight babies include teenagers, and women who receive no or late-term prenatal care, live in poverty, smoke, have substance use issues, suffer from violence, stress, infection, and poor nutrition. 18 New Mexico Voices for Children

21 TRENDS AND RANKINGS Health: LOW BIRTH-WEIGHT BABIES TRENDS Babies Born at a Low Birth Weight 10% New Mexico United States 8 THE EXTENT OF THE PROBLEM Babies born weighing 5.5 pounds or less are considered low birth weight. This indicator is important because low birth-weight babies are more likely to experience developmental delays, short- or long-term disabilities, chronic disease, and/or die before their first birthday. Women most likely to have low birth-weight babies include teenagers, and women who live in poverty, receive no or late-term prenatal care, smoke, have substance use issues, suffer from violence, stress, infection, and poor nutrition. In New Mexico, we continue to have higher rates for low birth-weight babies among Black and Asian/Pacific Islander mothers Source: KIDS COUNT Data Book, Annie E. Casey Foundation, 2014 RANKINGS Babies Born at a Low Birth Weight by County (2013) Harding County De Baca County 0.0% 0.0% New Mexico Guadalupe County 2.4% United States Roosevelt County 4.3% Torrance County 4.8% San Juan County 5.6% Eddy County 5.7% Sandoval County 5.8% Sierra County 6.1% Socorro County 6.4% Cibola County 6.6% Luna County 6.7% Otero County 6.8% Los Alamos County 7.0% Taos County 7.3% McKinley County 7.4% Doña Ana County 7.5% Chaves County 7.5% Curry County 7.6% New Mexico 7.6% U.S. (2012) 8.0% Grant County 8.1% Valencia County 8.2% San Miguel County 8.2% Bernalillo County 8.2% Union County 8.3% Rio Arriba County 8.4% Mora County 9.1% Santa Fe County 9.2% Lincoln County 9.2% Lea County 9.2% Quay County 10.3% Hidalgo County 10.6% Colfax County 14.0% Catron County 14.3% Source: Indicator-Based Information System for Public Health, New Mexico Department of Health. Retrieved October 15, 2014 from TRACKING CHANGE FOR 2014 Changes in the percentages of low birth-weight babies tend to be very small over time. From 2010 to 2012, the percentages of low birth-weight babies in New Mexico, increased from 8.7 percent to 8.8 percent. Although this may sound like a very small change, it should be noted that our state ranks 40th in the nation; the top-ranked state, Alaska, has a rate of only 5.7 percent. Two policies that may reduce the number of low birth-weight babies are the expansion of health care coverage under the Affordable Care Act and New Mexico s home visiting programs. However, access to full-term, quality prenatal care especially for low-income mothers and those of color is still problematic in rural areas of the state. POLICY SOLUTIONS FOR NEW MEXICO Support the creation and funding for county and tribal health councils in order to better integrate health care with social, emotional, behavioral and cognitive development for young children. Expand outreach to pregnant women to enroll them in Medicaid early in their pregnancy so more prospective mothers get full-term pre-natal care that can help prevent low birth weight. In New Mexico, from 50 to 70 percent of all births are covered by Medicaid, so this policy can have a major impact. Provide adequate funding for more programs for new parents, including home visiting programs that begin prenatally, so more women can be served during their pregnancy Kids Count Data Book 19

22 TRENDS AND RANKINGS Health: CHILDREN WITHOUT HEALTH INSURANCE For very young children, the greater possibility of getting regular well-baby and well-child checkups means doctors can identify and treat developmental delays or health problems before they can impair development, growth and learning. THE EXTENT OF THE PROBLEM Children are much more likely to get preventive care and well-child check-ups when they and their parents have health insurance. For very young children, the greater possibility of getting regular well-baby and well-child checkups means doctors can identify and treat developmental delays or health problems before they can impair development, growth and learning. Having insurance also helps families avoid financial disaster should a child go through a serious or chronic illness needing expensive treatment. TRACKING CHANGE FOR 2014 Health insurance coverage for children in New Mexico, though still lower than the national average, has seen consistent improvement over time. In 2012, 8.7 percent of New Mexico s children lacked health insurance a fairly significant drop from 14 percent in Much of this is due to the commitment on the part of the Legislature to fully fund Medicaid, which is the single largest insurer of children in the state. Without this essential support, more than half our children would have no health insurance at all. The forecast for this indicator is bright, thanks to the major provisions of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) that recently came on line the opening of the health insurance exchange, with its tax credits to help moderate-income families pay premiums, and the expansion of Medicaid to low-income adults. As these data predate the ACA provisions, they do not show the increase in child insurance coverage that has taken place as a result. Even so, tens of thousands of children who are eligible for Medicaid remain unenrolled. 20 New Mexico Voices for Children

23 TRENDS 15% RANKINGS Children without Health Insurance New Mexico United States Children without Health Insurance by County (2012) Los Alamos County 2.7% Eddy County 6.2% Quay County 6.4% New Mexico United States Sandoval County 6.7% Guadalupe County 6.8% Curry County 7.0% United States 7.0% Grant County 7.2% Valencia County 7.3% San Miguel County 7.8% Bernalillo County 7.8% Roosevelt County 8.3% Chaves County 8.4% Colfax County 8.5% Sierra County 8.6% Cibola County 8.6% New Mexico 8.7% Doña Ana County 8.7% Luna County 9.1% Lea County 9.2% Hidalgo County 9.2% Otero County 9.6% Taos County 9.9% Socorro County 9.9% Rio Arriba County 9.9% Torrance County 10.2% Mora County 10.4% Union County 10.5% Lincoln County 10.6% Santa Fe County 11.4% San Juan County 11.7% De Baca County 11.9% McKinley County 12.2% Catron County 13.6% Harding County 14.9% POLICY SOLUTIONS FOR NEW MEXICO Restore outreach and enrollment programs for Medicaid for children to help cover those children who are eligible for Medicaid but still not enrolled. Integrate the health insurance marketplace with Medicaid so there is no wrong door for enrollment to help low-income parents who are getting coverage for themselves enroll their Medicaid-eligible children at the same time. Simplify the Medicaid enrollment and recertification process for children, and enact express-lane enrollment, which would help the state identify eligible children using information from other programs like Head Start and SNAP (food stamps). Reauthorize the Children s Health Insurance Program, a federal supplement to Medicaid that insures 8 million children nationwide. Congress must reauthorize CHIP before it expires in Trend Source: Population Reference Bureau analysis of data from the American Community Survey, U.S. Census. These data are derived from data available in American Fact Finder table C27001 Ranking Source: Small Area Health Insurance Estimates, U.S. Census. Retrieved from: tilbtn=&ylb=0&stlb=32&alb=4&slb=0&ilb=0&rlb=0&countycbselected=tr ue&insuredrbg=pu_&multiyearselected=false&multiyearalertflag=false 2014 Kids Count Data Book 21

24 TRENDS AND RANKINGS Health: CHILD AND TEEN DEATH RATES* New Mexico s youth suicide rate is almost two times that of the U.S., and is even higher among its Native American youth Child and Teen Death Rates New Mexico United States Rate per 100, THE EXTENT OF THE PROBLEM Child and teen death rates tend to reflect a number of factors: access to health care, community safety, physical and mental health, level of adult caring and supervision, and attention to safety practices. The highest youth mortality rates in the state are for Native Americans and Blacks. Most child and teen deaths are preventable, as most are caused by accidents, homicide or suicide. Some research suggests that as motor vehicle safety standards continue to improve, with time, deaths caused by guns may come to surpass deaths by automobile accidents among young people. New Mexico also has a high child abuse and neglect rate. TRACKING CHANGE FOR 2014 The child and teen death rates for New Mexico improved slightly from 2012 to The death rate for children ages 1 to 14 fell from 18.6 per 100,000 to 17.8 per 100,000. The death rate for teens ages 15 to 19 dropped from 68.5 per 100,000 to 51.7 per 100,000 in the state. Over time, New Mexico s rates, like those of the U.S., have tended toward gradual improvement, but because of the many factors and circumstances involved in youth deaths, it is difficult to predict trends. In one area, however, the state has not seen much improvement at all over time; New Mexico s youth suicide rate is almost two times that of the U.S., and is even higher among its Native American youth. No significant policy change has taken place recently to address this issue. The J. Paul Taylor Early Childhood Task Force, created in 2014, is working on child abuse prevention efforts. 22 New Mexico Voices for Children

25 POLICY SOLUTIONS FOR NEW MEXICO Support and expand quality home visiting for families identified as high risk for child abuse and neglect to help improve social and physical outcomes for infants and young children. Expand funding for suicide prevention programs to provide youth with supportive adults, strategies to cope with difficult situations, and a sense of hope. Enact gun safety laws to limit unauthorized child access to guns to lower the number of accidental deaths. Adequately fund evidence-based child abuse prevention programs and strengthen the Children, Youth and Families Department s role in prevention. Increase funding for child protective services to increase staff and reduce case loads. *Child death rates are the number of deaths per 100,000 children ages 1 to 14. Teen death rates are the number of deaths per 100,000 children ages **The following counties had child death rates of 0: Catron, Cibola, De Baca, Guadalupe, Harding, Hidalgo, Lea, Lincoln, Los Alamos, Mora, Quay, Rio Arriba, Sierra, Torrance, and Union. ***The following counties had teen death rates of 0: Catron, Cibola, De Baca, Guadalupe, Harding, Hidalgo, Lincoln, Mora, Quay, San Miguel, and Taos. Trends Source: Population Reference Bureau analysis of data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and National Center for Health Statistics, Multiple Causes of Death Public Use Files for Ranking Source: Indicator-Based Information System for Public Health, New Mexico Department of Health. Retrieved October 3, 2014 from RANKINGS RANKINGS Child (Ages 1-14) Death Rate by County (2013)** Teen (Ages 15-19) Death Rate by County (2013)*** Otero County 7.9 New Mexico Santa Fe County 11.8 New Mexico Curry County 8.7 Rate per 100,000 San Juan County 30.4 Rate per 100,000 Eddy County 8.8 Sandoval County 14.3 Doña Ana County Chaves County Otero County Bernalillo County 15.9 Bernalillo County 47.4 San Juan County 17.6 New Mexico 51.7 New Mexico 17.8 Doña Ana County 18.8 Valencia County Roosevelt County Curry County Taos County 19 Grant County 55.2 Luna County 20.4 Lea County 56.9 Grant County 20.5 Chaves County 20.9 Santa Fe County 21.2 Roosevelt County 24.4 Valencia County 26.2 McKinley County 46 Socorro County 61.7 San Miguel County 88.4 Colfax County Sandoval County Socorro County Torrance County 91.8 Eddy County 97.3 Luna County Rio Arriba County Colfax County McKinley County Los Alamos County Sierra County Union County Kids Count Data Book 23

26 TRENDS AND RANKINGS Health: TEEN ALCOHOL AND DRUG ABUSE Teen alcohol use is associated with other problematic behaviors, including driving under the influence, unprotected sexual activity, and physical and mental health problems. It is also a factor in suicide, criminal activity, poor academic performance, truancy and dropout. THE EXTENT OF THE PROBLEM In New Mexico, 9 percent of our teens abuse alcohol or drugs. The percentage of high school students who say they take part in binge drinking ranges from a low of 8 percent in De Baca County to a high of 31 percent in Luna County (2013). Teen alcohol use is associated with other problematic behaviors, including driving under the influence, unprotected sexual activity, and physical and mental health problems. It is also a factor in suicide, criminal activity, poor academic performance, truancy and dropout. The negative effects of alcohol and/or drug abuse in these early years can have an impact into adulthood. TRACKING CHANGE FOR 2014 There was a slight improvement, from 10 percent to 9 percent, in adolescent alcohol and drug use from to Since then, the rate has held at 9 percent, and it is too soon to see if the trend will be to hold steady at this level or improve. Although 9 percent may appear to be small, New Mexico is ranked second to last in the nation on this indicator, so there is definitely room for improvement. There is potential in the state for this indicator to worsen, as there is serious concern in the state over the expanded use of opiates by young people. With the major disruption of the mental health system in the state in 2013, there are even fewer behavioral services available for youth who may be seeking help in addressing drug or alcohol abuse issues. Very little legislative progress has been made in addressing this issue. As yet it is unclear how the Affordable Care Act may impact this indicator. 24 New Mexico Voices for Children

27 TRENDS 12% Teens Who Abuse Alcohol or Drugs New Mexico United States RANKINGS Teen Binge Drinking by County (2013)* De Baca County 8% McKinley County 12% New Mexico San Juan County 13% Mora County 13% Hidalgo County 13% Torrance County 14% Los Alamos County 14% Roosevelt County 16% Sandoval County 17% New Mexico 17% Sierra County 18% Lincoln County 18% Curry County 18% Santa Fe County 19% Quay County 19% Guadalupe County 19% Colfax County 19% Rio Arriba County 20% Otero County 20% Eddy County 20% Bernalillo County 20% Doña Ana County 21% Cibola County 21% Grant County 22% San Miguel County 23% Taos County 24% Catron County 24% Valencia County 26% Socorro County 27% Lea County 28% Luna County 31% POLICY SOLUTIONS FOR NEW MEXICO Expand funding and support for school-based health centers (SBHCs) so students have access to health services they might not otherwise get, including confidential and developmentally appropriate behavioral health services in a safe, accessible place. A very large number of youth visits to SBHCs are for behavioral health issues. Support the creation and funding for county and tribal health councils in order to better reach young people who are attempting to self-medicate an untreated mental health problem with alcohol. Fund and support drug and alcohol rehabilitation services for youth, especially at an early intervention stage as opposed to incarcerating youth for alcohol-related offenses to help prevent further problems and reduce high rates of recidivism. *Rankings measure binge drinking, not overall drug and alcohol abuse; binge drinking is defined as having had five or more drinks of alcohol in a row, within a couple of hours, on one or more of the 30 days prior to taking the Youth Risk and Resiliency (YRRS) Survey. Chaves, Harding and Union counties are not listed because no data were available. Trend Source: KIDS COUNT Data Book, Annie E. Casey Foundation, 2014 Ranking Source: NM Youth Risk and Resiliency Survey. Retrieved October 24, 2014 from: and YRRS_Connections_1.pdf 2014 Kids Count Data Book 25

28 TRENDS AND RANKINGS Family and Community: CHILDREN IN SINGLE-PARENT FAMILIES Across the nation almost half of all single mothers have low-paying jobs with inflexible hours and few or no benefits. Research indicates that children in these families are more likely to suffer poor physical and behavioral health, have lower educational attainment and more behavior problems, and experience divorce as adults. THE EXTENT OF THE PROBLEM More than two in every five children in New Mexico live with a single parent. Single-parent families tend to have much lower incomes and fewer resources than do two-parent families. Across the nation almost half of all single mothers have low-paying jobs with inflexible hours and few or no benefits. Research indicates that children in these families are more likely to suffer poor physical and behavioral health, have lower educational attainment and more behavior problems, and experience divorce as adults. Low-income single mothers have higher rates of depression and depressive symptoms than do higher-income mothers, which affects their children s health. TRACKING CHANGE FOR 2014 As with the nation overall, New Mexico continues on a trend in which a greater percentage of children each year live with single parents. From 2011 to 2012, at least 5,000 more children fell into this category in New Mexico. The factors behind this trend, both in the state and nation, are complex and not well understood, but the poor economic situation for families probably contributes a great deal to the issue. This is a serious problem in New Mexico, given the overall high rate of child poverty, as single-parent families are much more likely to be living in poverty or to be low-income. Yet few economic policies have been enacted at the state level to help address and improve this trend. In particular, child care assistance for single parents is absolutely essential to finding or maintaining jobs, or to gain work-related training, yet the income level at which parents are eligible for child care assistance is lower than it was prior to the recession. 26 New Mexico Voices for Children

29 TRENDS 50% Children in Single-Parent Families New Mexico United States RANKINGS Children in Single-Parent Families by County ( ) Harding County 19% Mora County 21% Los Alamos County 22% New Mexico United States Catron County 25% Quay County 28% Torrance County 31% Roosevelt County 31% De Baca County 31% Sandoval County 33% Otero County 33% Lea County 33% Curry County 33% Eddy County 34% Valencia County 35% Santa Fe County 35% Colfax County 35% United States 35% Chaves County 36% Sierra County 37% Doña Ana County 37% Bernalillo County 37% San Juan County 38% Lincoln County 40% Union County 41% Guadalupe County 41% Grant County 41% New Mexico 44% Rio Arriba County 45% McKinley County 45% Cibola County 46% Luna County 47% Taos County 48% Socorro County 50% San Miguel County 55% Hidalgo County 55% POLICY SOLUTIONS FOR NEW MEXICO Restore eligibility for child care assistance to twice (200%) the federal poverty level, so greater numbers of low-income families headed by single parents can afford child care. As most single parents work, child care for them is a necessity. Currently a family of three living on more than $29,685 earns too much to qualify for child care assistance. Expand funding for home visiting programs, especially for teen parents. Home visiting provides parents with early emotional support, parenting skills, developmentally appropriate activities, and aid in accessing community economic, health, and educational resources. Expand funding for mentorship and other pregnancy prevention programs for teens. Mentorship programs can help young women delay child bearing until they are older by fostering self-confidence and helping them work toward a future career. Support career pathways approaches that better align adult education with post-secondary education opportunities and industry needs to assist families in becoming self-reliant. Trends Source: 2012 American Community Survey, Table B09002, U.S. Census Ranking Source: American Community Survey, Table B09002, U.S. Census (county data); 2012 American Community Survey, Table B09002, U.S. Census (NM and US data) 2014 Kids Count Data Book 27

30 TRENDS AND RANKINGS Family and Community: PARENTS WITHOUT HIGH SCHOOL DIPLOMA THE EXTENT OF THE PROBLEM Research on an international scale shows that the educational level of a parent, especially the mother, is an accurate predictor of a child s future educational achievement. Parents with higher levels of education tend to have higher earnings and better access to enriching opportunities for their children outside of school. They are also pro-education role models for their children. Unfortunately, in New Mexico, approximately 90,000 children live in a home where the head of household does not have a high school diploma. TRENDS 25% Children in Families where Household Head Lacks a High School Diploma* New Mexico United States TRACKING CHANGE FOR 2014 There was a positive change in this key indicator from 2011 to 2012 when the percentage of New Mexico children living in homes where the household head lacked a high school diploma fell from 22 percent to 17 percent. However, it is unclear whether this change indicates a trend or is an artifact of the data collection, as the change is higher than in previous years and there is no clear policy change that can account for the improvement. Time will tell if this improvement will be sustained. The state government has still not brought K-12 funding up from 2008 inflation-adjusted levels to support students to reach graduation, and changes in the GED, which include mandatory computer testing and higher fees to take the test, has resulted in drastic cuts in the number of adults taking the test. POLICY SOLUTIONS FOR NEW MEXICO Provide need-based financial assistance for low-income and low-skilled adults seeking access to adult basic education, post-secondary education, and job training through a career pathways approach. Expand funding and access for English as a Second Language (ESL) classes to help parents increase their levels of education or their opportunities to get a higher education which in turn has a positive impact on their children. Children whose parents do not speak English fluently can be disadvantaged when seeking assistance with their schoolwork, or getting a parent involved in the school system. *Note that the denominators for Trends and Rankings are different. The denominator for Trends is children, while the denominator for Rankings is families Source: KIDS COUNT Data Book, Annie E. Casey Foundation, 2014 RANKINGS Families where Household Head Lacks a High School Diploma by County ( )* Los Alamos County 2% Mora County 5% Catron County 5% New Mexico United States Sandoval County 8% Taos County 11% Lincoln County 11% Colfax County 12% United States 12% Torrance County 13% Sierra County 13% Santa Fe County 13% Quay County 13% Otero County 13% Bernalillo County 13% Harding County 14% Grant County 14% Cibola County 15% Valencia County 16% Curry County 16% New Mexico 16% San Miguel County 17% Guadalupe County 17% San Juan County 18% Eddy County 18% De Baca County 18% Socorro County 19% Hidalgo County 20% Union County 21% Roosevelt County 21% Rio Arriba County 21% Chaves County 22% Doña Ana County 23% Lea County 27% McKinley County 28% Luna County 31% Source: American Community Survey, Table B17018, U.S. Census 28 New Mexico Voices for Children

31 TRENDS AND RANKINGS Family and Community: HIGH-POVERTY AREAS* THE EXTENT OF THE PROBLEM Place matters in a child s life. A child s well-being depends, in part, on whether communities provide a supportive environment with resources that foster their healthy growth, development and education. Our state currently ranks 48th among the states in its ability to do this, as 22 percent of our children almost one-quarter of all children live in areas of concentrated poverty where the poverty rate is 30 percent or more. Living in such areas means children tend to face food hardship, substandard and costly housing, lack of health insurance, stress, and unsafe environments all of which have a negative impact on their learning and ability to succeed in life. TRACKING CHANGE FOR 2014 Since about 2006, New Mexico has seen an increase in the number of children approximately 112,000 children living in high-poverty areas. Children in these communities generally have fewer neighborhood resources, live in unsafe neighborhoods, and go to lower-quality schools. In some New Mexico counties, the percentage of children living in high-poverty areas is appallingly high; in McKinley County, for example, almost eight out of every ten children live in these conditions. Little has been done at the policy level in the past few years to rectify this trend. POLICY SOLUTIONS FOR NEW MEXICO Increase access to affordable housing in safe areas with prospects of work for low-income families, especially families of color. Promote community change efforts that integrate physical revitalization with human capital development. Combining investment in early childhood and education programs for children with workforce development and asset-building activities for parents can benefit lower-income families. Increase funding for Individual Development Accounts (IDAs), which help parents and children save money for buying a home or paying for college. Children in families who own a home do better in school, and families feel more invested in their neighborhoods. *High-poverty areas are those in which 30 percent or more of the residents are in poverty. **The following counties are not listed because they do not contain census tracts with children living in high-poverty areas: Catron, Colfax, De Baca, Eddy, Grant, Guadalupe, Harding, Lincoln, Los Alamos, Mora, Rio Arriba, and Union. TRENDS 25% Children Living in High-Poverty Areas RANKINGS Sandoval County New Mexico United States Source: Population Reference Bureau analysis of data from American Community Survey, U.S. Census Children in High-Poverty Areas by County ( )** Curry County 13% United States 13% Torrance County 14% Bernalillo County 16% Lea County 16% Santa Fe County 16% Valencia County 18% Chaves County 20% New Mexico 22% Socorro County 23% San Juan County 24% Taos County 26% Sierra County 30% Quay County 31% Doña Ana County 35% Otero County 35% Cibola County 40% San Miguel County 42% Hidalgo County 42% Roosevelt County 47% Luna County 58% 5% New Mexico United States McKinley County 79% Source: Population Reference Bureau analysis of data from American Community Survey, U.S. Census 2014 Kids Count Data Book 29

32 TRENDS AND RANKINGS Family and Community: TEEN BIRTH RATE Teen childbearing negatively affects the mothers, children, and society at large. Teen mothers own health and chances for economic success may be at risk, as they are more likely to drop out of school and live in poverty. THE EXTENT OF THE PROBLEM Although the state, as well as the nation, has seen consistent improvement in teen birth rates, New Mexico still ranks 49th among the states. Teen childbearing negatively affects the mothers, children, and society at large. Teen mothers own health and chances for economic success may be at risk, as they are more likely to drop out of school and live in poverty. Their babies often are born at a low birth-weight, and as they grow tend to face health problems or developmental delays, do poorly in school, drop out, become teen parents themselves, experience homelessness, or get in trouble with the law. Both individuals and society pay a high cost for all these consequences. TRACKING CHANGE FOR 2014 As New Mexico has long been ranked last or near-last in the nation in terms of its teen birth rate, there is much positive news regarding this indicator. New Mexico, much like the U.S., has seen a steadily decreasing trend in the rate of births to teens aged 15 to 19. The factors involved in this improvement are multi-faceted and not completely understood, but one significant policy change has taken place the passage during the 2010 legislative session of a statute to include health education, including sexuality education, as a requirement for graduation. This process began with students entering the 8th grade in the school year, so it may continue to have a positive impact in future years. 30 New Mexico Voices for Children

33 TRENDS Teen (Ages 15-19) Birth Rate* New Mexico United States RANKINGS Teen (Ages 15-19) Birth Rate by County (2013)** Los Alamos County Catron County Guadalupe County Taos County San Miguel County Sandoval County U.S. (2012) Santa Fe County Torrance County Bernalillo County Hidalgo County Valencia County Lincoln County Mora County New Mexico McKinley County Sierra County Otero County Union County San Juan County Grant County Roosevelt County Cibola County Doña Ana County Colfax County Rio Arriba County Quay County Chaves County Socorro County Curry County Lea County Eddy County Luna County New Mexico United States Rate per 1, POLICY SOLUTIONS FOR NEW MEXICO Increase funding and support for teen pregnancy prevention and support programs to help at-risk young women avoid pregnancy, and see alternative opportunities for their future. Support programs such as home visiting also help young mothers delay second pregnancies, improve their parenting, get a high school diploma, and access community supports. Expand funding and support for school-based health centers (SBHCs). Students reaching sexual maturity need access to health professionals to help them make informed decisions. SBHCs provide a safe, confidential place for youth seeking health services they might not be able to access elsewhere. Support evidence-based, age-appropriate sex education as well as service learning programs to help youth avoid pregnancy. Support the creation and funding for county and tribal health councils in order to better integrate health care with social, emotional, behavioral and cognitive development for teens. *Teen birth rate is the number of births per 1,000 females ages **De Baca and Harding Counties were not included because the data were not available. Trend Source: KIDS COUNT Data Book, Annie E. Casey Foundation, 2014 Ranking Source: Indicator-Based Information System for Public Health, New Mexico Department of Health. Retrieved October 3, 2014 from Kids Count Data Book 31

34 TABLES AND GRAPHS Economic Well-Being: CHILD POVERTY NEW MEXICANS LIVING IN POVERTY BY AGE AND COUNTY ( ) In New Mexico, one in five people live in poverty, while more than one in four children and youth are poor. These rates of poverty have increased since In some of the state s counties such as Cibola, Doña Ana, Guadalupe, Hidalgo, Luna, McKinley, San Miguel, Sierra, Taos, and Torrance the rates of child poverty are unacceptably high, ranging from over one-third of the children to almost 50 percent. Source: American Community Survey, Table S1701, U.S. Census All Ages Under Age 18 Living in Living in Location Poverty Poverty United States 15% 21% New Mexico 20% 28% Bernalillo County 17% 25% Catron County 19% 29% Chaves County 21% 27% Cibola County 29% 45% Colfax County 18% 21% Curry County 18% 27% De Baca County 22% 29% Doña Ana County 26% 37% Eddy County 13% 16% Grant County 18% 28% Guadalupe County 24% 40% Harding County 19% 20% Hidalgo County 23% 35% Lea County 16% 23% Lincoln County 15% 30% Los Alamos County 5% 6% Luna County 30% 47% McKinley County 34% 41% Mora County 16% 15% Otero County 21% 30% Quay County 18% 26% Rio Arriba County 19% 25% Roosevelt County 24% 31% San Juan County 20% 28% San Miguel County 27% 34% Sandoval County 13% 16% Santa Fe County 16% 25% Sierra County 25% 38% Socorro County 25% 32% Taos County 24% 42% Torrance County 26% 40% Union County 11% 11% Valencia County 21% 32% 32 New Mexico Voices for Children

35 NEW MEXICANS LIVING IN POVERTY BY RACE/ETHNICITY ( ) 35% 30 33% Although New Mexico has a minority-majority population, the rates % 25% 26% 26% 20% of poverty among key population groups such as Hispanics, Native Americans, and 15 17% African-Americans 10 11% 13% continue to remain considerably higher 5 than those of non-hispanic Whites. 0 Total Population in Poverty Hispanic White Native American Black/ African American Asian Native Hawaiian/ Pacific Islander Some Other Race Two or More Races Source: American Community Survey, Table S1701, U.S. Census Location United States 13% 13% New Mexico 15% 16% Bernalillo County 14% 16% Chaves County 18% 18% Cibola County 20% 24% Curry County 17% 15% Doña Ana County 18% 20% Eddy County 13% 14% Grant County 17% 21% Lea County 13% 11% Lincoln County 15% 14% HOUSEHOLDS RECEIVING SNAP ASSISTANCE BY COUNTY ( ) The percentage of families receiving Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits is a key indicator of food insecurity levels in the nation and states. New Mexico continues to have a higher percentage of people receiving SNAP than the U.S. as a whole. During , only three of the New Mexico counties listed Lea, Sandoval and Santa Fe had a similar or lower rate than that of the U.S. Source: and American Community Survey, Table DP03, U.S. Census Luna County 24% 28% McKinley County 21% 23% Otero County 19% 18% Rio Arriba County 17% 19% Roosevelt County 13% 20% San Juan County 11% 14% San Miguel County 20% 25% Sandoval County 12% 13% Santa Fe County 11% 11% Taos County 16% 19% Valencia County 20% 20% 2014 Kids Count Data Book 33

36 TABLES AND GRAPHS Economic Well-Being: PARENTAL INCOME MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME BY COUNTY ( ) MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME BY TRIBE/PUEBLO ( ) Location Income Tribe or Pueblo Income United States $52,176 New Mexico $43,747 Bernalillo County $47,049 Chaves County $42,008 Cibola County $35,058 Curry County $40,125 Doña Ana County $36,400 Eddy County $50,226 Grant County $36,832 Lea County $53,487 Lincoln County $41,313 Luna County $28,897 McKinley County $28,830 Otero County $38,743 Rio Arriba County $38,017 Roosevelt County $34,529 San Juan County $46,927 San Miguel County $27,932 Sandoval County $57,066 Santa Fe County $51,797 Taos County $31,653 Valencia County $41,613 The median household income in New Mexico continues to be lower than that of the U.S. Although the median household income in the U.S. rose more than $400 from 2012, the increase was only about $229 in New Mexico. Indeed, in at least three counties Luna, McKinley and San Miguel the median household income was below 150 percent of the federal poverty level ($29,295 for a family of three) in Acoma Pueblo $27,938 Cochiti Pueblo $45,565 Isleta Pueblo $39,160 Jemez Pueblo $46,989 Jicarilla Apache $46,771 Laguna Pueblo $34,063 Mescalero Apache $27,009 Nambe Pueblo $47,717 Navajo* $26,963 Ohkay Owingeh Pueblo $40,503 Picuris Pueblo $31,154 Pojoaque Pueblo $54,087 Sandia Pueblo $38,710 San Felipe Pueblo $45,859 San Ildefonso Pueblo $50,435 Santa Ana Pueblo $46,375 Santa Clara Pueblo $41,382 Santo Domingo Pueblo $39,286 Taos Pueblo $39,167 Tesuque Pueblo $37,381 Zia Pueblo $31,563 Zuni Pueblo $30,250 As with New Mexico s counties, there is wide diversity in the median household incomes among the Tribes and Pueblos, ranging from a low of $26,963 for the Navajo in New Mexico to a high of $54,087 in Pojoaque Pueblo. *Only data for Navajos living on New Mexico reservation land are used. Source: American Community Survey, Table DP03, U.S. Census Source: American Community Survey, Table B19013, U.S. Census 34 New Mexico Voices for Children

37 MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME BY RACE/ETHNICITY ( ) HOUSEHOLDS WITH INCOME FROM INTEREST, DIVIDENDS OR NET RENTAL RECEIPTS BY COUNTY ( ) Location Income Location Percent of Households Total Population $43,820 Hispanic $36,392 White $52,444 Native American $32,479 Black/African American $39,100 Asian $52,368 Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander $38,889 Some Other Race $37,449 Two or More Races $38,522 If we consider income equity in terms of race and/or ethnicity in New Mexico, it would appear that there are major disparities that should be addressed. Source: American Community Survey, Table B19013, U.S. Census United States 21% New Mexico 18% Bernalillo County 19% Chaves County 16% Cibola County 9% Curry County 13% Doña Ana County 14% Eddy County 16% Grant County 22% Lea County 10% Lincoln County 25% Luna County 12% McKinley County 6% Otero County 20% Rio Arriba County 10% Roosevelt County 12% San Juan County 14% San Miguel County 10% Sandoval County 22% Santa Fe County 28% Taos County 19% Valencia County 15% Having assets, like dividends and/or interest from investments, provides families with resources other than wages on which they can fall back to get through periods of financial hardship, such as the loss of a job. These assets also provide a source of savings for children s post-secondary education. Fewer than 25 percent of households in the U.S. have these types of assets, and in most of the more populated counties of New Mexico except for Lincoln and Santa Fe even fewer households have these resources. In poorer counties, such as McKinley and Cibola, fewer than one in ten households have assets. Source: American Community Survey, Table B19054, U.S. Census 2014 Kids Count Data Book 35

38 TABLES AND GRAPHS Economic Well-Being: FAMILIES BURDENED BY HIGH HOUSING COSTS Families who struggle to pay housing costs at or above 30 percent of their income will have less money to cover other expenses, such as food, heat, utilities, child care, and transportation. In New Mexico, more than two in every five renting households are facing this burden. Read this table as: Of all families renting their homes in New Mexico, 44 percent were paying 30 percent or more of their income in rent, and Of all families who owned their homes, 25 percent were spending 30 percent or more of their income in mortgage payments. HOUSEHOLDS IN WHICH FAMILIES FACE A HIGH HOUSING COST BURDEN, BY OWNERSHIP AND COUNTY ( ) Rental Owned Location Households Households United States 48% 30% New Mexico 44% 25% Bernalillo County 47% 28% Catron County 32% 15% Chaves County 41% 17% Cibola County 35% 13% Colfax County 34% 22% Curry County 38% 19% De Baca County 31% 20% Doña Ana County 52% 26% Eddy County 29% 15% Grant County 45% 18% Guadalupe County 41% 24% Harding County 26% 29% Hidalgo County 35% 12% Lea County 33% 16% Lincoln County 32% 23% Los Alamos County 32% 13% Luna County 39% 24% McKinley County 30% 16% Mora County 33% 20% Otero County 37% 23% Quay County 33% 21% Rio Arriba County 31% 20% Roosevelt County 48% 17% San Juan County 36% 19% San Miguel County 46% 26% Sandoval County 45% 29% Santa Fe County 49% 33% Sierra County 47% 23% Socorro County 40% 19% Taos County 49% 26% Torrance County 41% 30% Union County 27% 22% Valencia County 50% 30% Source: American Community Survey, Table B25070 (rent) and Table B25091 (mortgage), U.S. Census 36 New Mexico Voices for Children

39 TABLES AND GRAPHS Economic Well-Being: DISCONNECTED YOUTH YOUTH (AGES 19-26) NOT IN SCHOOL AND NOT WORKING BY RACE/ETHNICITY ( ) 35% 30 35% % 24% 21% 15 16% Total Hispanic White Native American Black/ African American 5% Asian/ Pacific Islander Source: State data provided for Race for Results: Building a Path to Opportunity for all Children, Annie E. Casey Foundation, 2014 TABLES AND GRAPHS TABLES AND GRAPHS Education: ENROLLMENT STUDENT ENROLLMENT BY RACE/ETHNICITY ( ) 26% White 1% Asian 2% Black, African-American 10% American Indian As Hispanic students make up 60 percent of the student population, clearly non-hispanic White students are in the minority in our public schools. The state s Public Education Department s New Mexico Hispanic Education Report notes that ensuring the academic success of Hispanic students is paramount to the well-being of the nation [and our state] as a whole. At the same time, the report says the state is not making progress nearly fast enough in making systemic changes to improve our minority-majority students outcomes. 1% Native Hawaiian/ Pacific Islander 60% Hispanic Source: NM PED Education Dashboard. Retrieved November 4, 2014 from: aspx?category=demographics 2014 Kids Count Data Book 37

40 TABLES AND GRAPHS Education: ENROLLMENT TOTAL ENROLLMENT AND PERCENTAGE OF STUDENTS ELIGIBLE FOR FREE/REDUCED-PRICE MEALS BY SCHOOL DISTRICT ( ) Students who qualify for free and reduced-price meals are considered low income. New Mexico currently has the second highest rate (68 percent) in the nation of lowincome students in public schools. As Hispanic and Native American students together make up a majority of the state s public school students, these data again should draw policymakers attention to the state s racial disparities in education. Sources: Enrollment by District by School for Public and Charter Schools , NM PED. Retrieved November 4, 2014 from: schoolfactsheets.html. Free and Reduced Eligible October 2013 (SY2014). Retrieved from: index.html# Total Student % of Students Eligible for School District Enrollment Free/Reduced-Price Meals Alamogordo Public Schools 6,051 61% Albuquerque Public Schools 92,315 63% Animas Public Schools % Artesia Public Schools 3,759 47% Aztec Municipal Schools 3,404 54% Belen Consolidated Schools 4,216 75% Bernalillo Public Schools 2,999 79% Bloomfield Municipal Schools 2,987 72% Capitan Municipal Schools % Carlsbad Municipal Schools 6,390 56% Carrizozo Municipal Schools % Central Consolidated Schools 6,498 77% Chama Valley Independent Schools % Cimarron Public Schools % Clayton Public Schools % Cloudcroft Municipal Schools % Clovis Municipal Schools 8,615 61% Cobre Consolidated Schools 1,297 75% Corona Municipal Schools 63 73% Cuba Independent Schools % Deming Public Schools 5,404 79% Des Moines Municipal Schools 88 63% Dexter Consolidated Schools % Dora Consolidated Schools % Dulce Independent Schools % Elida Municipal Schools % Española Municipal Schools 4,039 71% Estancia Municipal Schools % Eunice Municipal Schools % Farmington Municipal Schools 11,609 51% Floyd Municipal Schools % Fort Sumner Municipal Schools % Gadsden Independent Schools 13,808 93% Gallup-McKinley County Schools 11,869 84% Grady Municipal Schools % Grants-Cibola County Schools 3,609 75% Hagerman Municipal Schools % Hatch Valley Municipal Schools 1,294 95% Hobbs Municipal Schools 9,390 64% Hondo Valley Public Schools % House Municipal Schools 79 35% Jal Public Schools % Jemez Mountain Public Schools % 38 New Mexico Voices for Children

41 Total Student % of Students Eligible for School District Enrollment Free/Reduced-Price Meals Jemez Valley Public Schools % Lake Arthur Municipal Schools % Las Cruces Public Schools 24,907 60% Las Vegas City Public Schools 1,774 72% Logan Municipal Schools % Lordsburg Municipal Schools % Los Alamos Public Schools 3,524 11% Los Lunas Public Schools 8,468 70% Loving Municipal Schools % Lovington Public Schools 3,700 56% Magdalena Municipal Schools % Maxwell Municipal Schools % Melrose Public Schools % Mesa Vista Consolidated Schools % Mora Independent Schools % Moriarty Municipal Schools 2,752 60% Mosquero Municipal Schools 42 49% Mountainair Public Schools % Pecos Independent Schools % Peñasco Independent Schools % Pojoaque Valley Public Schools 1,937 66% Portales Municipal Schools 2,887 64% Quemado Independent Schools % Questa Independent Schools % Raton Public Schools 1,052 73% Reserve Independent Schools % Rio Rancho Public Schools 17,197 43% Roswell Independent Schools 10,344 73% Roy Municipal Schools 39 50% Ruidoso Municipal Schools 2,061 69% San Jon Municipal Schools % Santa Fe Public Schools 14,324 69% Santa Rosa Consolidated Schools % Silver City Consolidated Schools 2,988 55% Socorro Consolidated Schools 1,842 74% Springer Municipal Schools % Taos Municipal Schools 2,970 65% Tatum Municipal Schools % Texico Municipal Schools % Truth or Consequences Schools 1,329 85% Tucumcari Public Schools % Tularosa Municipal Schools % Vaughn Municipal Schools % Wagon Mound Public Schools 66 86% West Las Vegas Public Schools 1,571 82% Zuni Public Schools 1,287 87% 2014 Kids Count Data Book 39

42 Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world. Nelson Mandela 40 New Mexico Voices for Children

43 TABLES AND GRAPHS Education: READING AND MATH PROFICIENCY FOURTH GRADERS PROFICIENT AND ABOVE IN READING BY RACE/ETHNICITY, GENDER AND INCOME (2014) 80% % Total 39% Hispanic 62% White 30% Native American 44% EIGHTH GRADERS PROFICIENT AND ABOVE IN MATH BY RACE/ETHNICITY, GENDER AND INCOME (2014) 80% % Black 40% Male 48% Female 36% Low Income According to the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), only 21 percent of New Mexico 4th graders were proficient in reading and only 23 percent of 8th graders were proficient in math. Although New Mexico students score better on the state s standard based assessment tests which are the proficiency levels listed here fewer than half of our children score as proficient or above in either 4th grade reading or 8th grade math. In addition, it is quite clear that although our Hispanic, Native American, and Black students together make up a majority of our students in these grades, the education system is still not preparing them as well to reach proficiency in these subjects % 35% 27% 35% 39% 41% 33% Source: Proficiencies State, District and School, by Grade, 2014, NM PED. Retrieved October 30, 2014 from: AssessmentAccountability/ AcademicGrowth/NMSBA.html 10 0 Total Hispanic White Native American Black Male Female Low Income 2014 Kids Count Data Book 41

44 TABLES AND GRAPHS Education: READING AND MATH PROFICIENCY STUDENTS PROFICIENT AND ABOVE IN READING AND MATH BY GRADE AND SCHOOL DISTRICT ( ) Proficient or Above in Proficient or Above in School District 4th Grade Reading 8th Grade Math New Mexico 44% 40% Alamogordo Public Schools 51% 56% Albuquerque Public Schools 44% 41% Animas Public Schools 33% 14% Artesia Public Schools 55% 40% Aztec Municipal Schools 42% 39% Belen Consolidated Schools 30% 35% Bernalillo Public Schools 45% 26% Bloomfield Municipal Schools 30% 30% Capitan Municipal Schools 53% 53% Carlsbad Municipal Schools 54% 27% Carrizozo Municipal Schools 15% 57% Central Consolidated Schools 36% 38% Chama Valley Independent Schools 41% 44% Cimarron Public Schools 60% 59% Clayton Public Schools 53% 59% Cloudcroft Municipal Schools 55% 50% Clovis Municipal Schools 48% 49% Cobre Consolidated Schools 34% 31% Corona Municipal Schools 60% 100% Cuba Independent Schools 30% 18% Deming Public Schools 30% 47% Des Moines Municipal Schools 80% 75% Dexter Consolidated Schools 47% 54% Dora Consolidated Schools 50% 67% Dulce Independent Schools 18% 7% Elida Municipal Schools 71% 62% Española Municipal Schools 41% 24% Estancia Municipal Schools 36% 36% Eunice Municipal Schools 37% 17% Farmington Municipal Schools 39% 34% Floyd Municipal Schools 38% 25% Fort Sumner Municipal Schools 60% 59% Gadsden Independent Schools 39% 50% Gallup-McKinley County Schools 24% 29% Grady Municipal Schools 100% 100% Grants-Cibola County Schools 48% 32% Hagerman Municipal Schools 22% 23% Hatch Valley Municipal Schools 20% 31% Hobbs Municipal Schools 39% 33% Hondo Valley Public Schools 20% 30% House Municipal Schools 86% 20% Jal Public Schools 25% 19% Jemez Mountain Public Schools 33% 36% 42 New Mexico Voices for Children

45 Proficient or Above in Proficient or Above in School District 4th Grade Reading 8th Grade Math Jemez Valley Public Schools 22% 21% Lake Arthur Municipal Schools 44% 42% Las Cruces Public Schools 46% 40% Las Vegas City Public Schools 50% 37% Logan Municipal Schools 53% 38% Lordsburg Municipal Schools 35% 15% Los Alamos Public Schools 79% 69% Los Lunas Public Schools 50% 42% Loving Municipal Schools 35% 30% Lovington Public Schools 32% 34% Magdalena Municipal Schools 41% 28% Maxwell Municipal Schools 25% 0% Melrose Public Schools 83% 71% Mesa Vista Consolidated Schools 31% 15% Mora Independent Schools 48% 29% Moriarty Municipal Schools 41% 52% Mosquero Municipal Schools 50% 33% Mountainair Public Schools 31% 15% Pecos Independent Schools 46% 28% Peñasco Independent Schools 45% 17% Pojoaque Valley Public Schools 56% 25% Portales Municipal Schools 59% 31% Quemado Independent Schools 50% 6% Questa Independent Schools 59% 18% Raton Public Schools 38% 50% Reserve Independent Schools 47% 23% Rio Rancho Public Schools 60% 56% Roswell Independent Schools 42% 49% Roy Municipal Schools 67% 100% Ruidoso Municipal Schools 36% 35% San Jon Municipal Schools 35% 33% Santa Fe Public Schools 43% 31% Santa Rosa Consolidated Schools 47% 37% Silver City Consolidated Schools 57% 39% Socorro Consolidated Schools 39% 27% Springer Municipal Schools 24% 43% Taos Municipal Schools 34% 31% Tatum Municipal Schools 52% 70% Texico Municipal Schools 40% 54% Truth or Consequences Schools 40% 32% Tucumcari Public Schools 47% 50% Tularosa Municipal Schools 27% 28% Vaughn Municipal Schools 33% 20% Wagon Mound Public Schools 25% 0% West Las Vegas Public Schools 45% 25% Zuni Public Schools 33% 0% Source: Proficiencies by State, District and School by Grade, , NM PED. Retrieved November 3, 2014 from: Kids Count Data Book 43

46 TABLES AND GRAPHS Education: ATTENDANCE HABITUAL TRUANCY AND DROPOUT RATES BY SCHOOL DISTRICT ( ) Percent of Students Student School District Habitually Truant* Dropout Rate** Several New Mexico school districts have exceptionally high levels of habitual truancy, with the small school district of Mountainair (with 328 students enrolled) leading with 64 percent. More than a third (38 percent) of the school districts had an increased habitual truancy rate since school year , while New Mexico as a whole, and 39 percent of the school districts, decreased those rates. New Mexico 14% 5% Alamogordo Public Schools 14% 3% Albuquerque Public Schools 9% 7% Animas Public Schools 3% 1% Artesia Public Schools 7% 3% Aztec Municipal Schools 11% 4% Belen Consolidated Schools 21% 6% Bernalillo Public Schools 32% 7% Bloomfield Municipal Schools 2% 7% Capitan Municipal Schools 11% 1% Carlsbad Municipal Schools 5% 3% Carrizozo Municipal Schools 1% 3% Central Consolidated Schools 18% 3% Chama Valley Independent Schools 2% 1% Cimarron Public Schools 1% 0% Clayton Public Schools 5% 4% Cloudcroft Municipal Schools 1% 1% Clovis Municipal Schools 21% 3% Cobre Consolidated Schools 8% 1% Corona Municipal Schools 0% 0% Cuba Independent Schools 31% 4% Deming Public Schools 23% 5% Des Moines Municipal Schools 2% 0% Dexter Consolidated Schools 9% 2% Dora Consolidated Schools 0% 0% Dulce Independent Schools 11% 3% Elida Municipal Schools 0% 0% Española Municipal Schools 26% 6% Estancia Municipal Schools 4% 2% Eunice Municipal Schools 11% 6% Farmington Municipal Schools 9% 3% Floyd Municipal Schools 10% 3% Fort Sumner Municipal Schools 4% 1% Gadsden Independent Schools 15% 2% Gallup-McKinley County Schools 16% 7% Grady Municipal Schools 0% 2% Grants-Cibola County Schools 0% 3% Hagerman Municipal Schools 13% 2% Hatch Valley Municipal Schools 21% 6% Hobbs Municipal Schools 10% 2% Hondo Valley Public Schools 5% 0% House Municipal Schools 13% 9% Jal Public Schools 4% 2% Jemez Mountain Public Schools 1% 5% 44 New Mexico Voices for Children

47 Percent of Students Student School District Habitually Truant* Dropout Rate** Jemez Valley Public Schools 7% 0% Lake Arthur Municipal Schools 21% 0% Las Cruces Public Schools 13% 3% Las Vegas City Public Schools 5% 4% Logan Municipal Schools 1% 1% Lordsburg Municipal Schools 6% 5% Los Alamos Public Schools 1% 1% Los Lunas Public Schools 9% 3% Loving Municipal Schools 5% 1% Lovington Public Schools 15% 4% Magdalena Municipal Schools 22% 3% Maxwell Municipal Schools 0% 2% Melrose Public Schools 1% 2% Mesa Vista Consolidated Schools 18% 2% Mora Independent Schools 19% 3% Moriarty Municipal Schools 7% 5% Mosquero Municipal Schools 6% 4% Mountainair Public Schools 64% 5% Pecos Independent Schools 31% 1% Peñasco Independent Schools 6% 4% Pojoaque Valley Public Schools 25% 3% Portales Municipal Schools 6% 1% Quemado Independent Schools 9% 0% Questa Independent Schools 4% 3% Raton Public Schools 13% 6% Reserve Independent Schools 10% 1% Rio Rancho Public Schools 4% 1% Roswell Independent Schools 27% 4% Roy Municipal Schools 0% 0% Ruidoso Municipal Schools 20% 2% San Jon Municipal Schools 0% 0% Santa Fe Public Schools 27% 3% Santa Rosa Consolidated Schools 8% 2% Silver City Consolidated Schools 6% 4% Socorro Consolidated Schools 13% 7% Springer Municipal Schools 8% 1% Taos Municipal Schools 37% 3% Tatum Municipal Schools 1% 0% Texico Municipal Schools 7% 1% Truth or Consequences Schools 20% 2% Tucumcari Public Schools 11% 3% Tularosa Municipal Schools 11% 2% Vaughn Municipal Schools 22% 0% Wagon Mound Public Schools 4% 0% West Las Vegas Public Schools 18% 4% Zuni Public Schools 14% 3% *According to the NM PED, habitual truant means a student who has accumulated the equivalent of ten or more unexcused absences within a school year. (Source: Title 6 Primary and Secondary Education, Chapter 10 Public School Administration Procedural Requirements, Part 8 Compulsory School Attendance) **The NM PED dropout rates are not related to cohort on-time graduation. The term dropout relates to something different from a non-graduate, so the rates are not complementary that is, if you subtract the rate of non-graduates from those who graduate on time, you do not get the same rate as the dropout rate. In addition, unlike on-time graduation rates, dropout rates are calculated each year. The NM PED s New Mexico Student Dropout Report states that a student is considered a dropout if he or she was enrolled at any time during the previous school year, is not enrolled at the beginning of the current school year, and does not meet certain exclusionary conditions. Sources: PED Approved Final Dropout Rates, NM PED, SY Retrieved November 3, 2014 from: IT/schoolFactSheets.html and SY Habitual Truant Students by District and School Type, NM PED. Retrieved November 3, 2014 from: schoolfactsheets.html 2014 Kids Count Data Book 45

48 TABLES AND GRAPHS Education: GRADUATION RATES HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATION RATES* BY SELECTED STATUS AND SCHOOL DISTRICT ( ) Although the overall New Mexico high school graduation rate remained the same (70 percent) from school year 2012 to 2013, in most (53 percent) school districts, the 2013 graduation rate was lower than it was in In 36 school districts the graduation rates were higher than in the former school year. It is too soon to determine whether any trends will be forthcoming in certain districts. Percent of Economically Percent of Percent of All Students Disadvantaged Students English Language School District Who Graduate Who Graduate Learners Who Graduate New Mexico 70% 65% 65% Alamogordo Public Schools 77% 73% 79% Albuquerque Public Schools 69% 61% 62% Animas Public Schools 93% 97% NA Artesia Public Schools 73% 53% 91% Aztec Municipal Schools 71% 60% 68% Belen Consolidated Schools 57% 54% 48% Bernalillo Public Schools 59% 60% 58% Bloomfield Municipal Schools 72% 63% 59% Capitan Municipal Schools 82% 78% NA Carlsbad Municipal Schools 77% 65% 77% Carrizozo Municipal Schools 83% 83% NA Central Consolidated Schools 65% 66% 65% Chama Valley Independent Schools 94% 97% 89% Cimarron Public Schools 88% 77% NA Clayton Public Schools 66% 54% NA Cloudcroft Municipal Schools 74% 65% NA Clovis Municipal Schools 75% 65% 64% Cobre Consolidated Schools 94% 94% 97% Corona Municipal Schools 79% NA NA Cuba Independent Schools 73% 71% 74% Deming Public Schools 64% 66% 62% Des Moines Municipal Schools 98% NA NA Dexter Consolidated Schools 83% 83% 84% Dora Consolidated Schools 98% NA NA Dulce Independent Schools 77% 78% 61% Elida Municipal Schools 86% NA NA Española Municipal Schools 57% 49% 68% Estancia Municipal Schools 69% 65% NA Eunice Municipal Schools 70% 63% NA Farmington Municipal Schools 68% 54% 51% Floyd Municipal Schools 94% 92% NA Fort Sumner Municipal Schools 87% 84% NA Gadsden Independent Schools 79% 80% 79% Gallup-McKinley County Schools 71% 69% 68% Grady Municipal Schools 95% NA NA Grants-Cibola County Schools 67% 63% 60% Hagerman Municipal Schools 77% 77% 88% Hatch Valley Municipal Schools 66% 68% 69% Hobbs Municipal Schools 78% 74% 77% Hondo Valley Public Schools 82% 82% NA House Municipal Schools 42% 47% NA Jal Public Schools 86% 77% NA 46 New Mexico Voices for Children

49 Percent of Economically Percent of Percent of All Students Disadvantaged Students English Language School District Who Graduate Who Graduate Learners Who Graduate Jemez Mountain Public Schools 75% 75% 77% Jemez Valley Public Schools 82% 86% NA Lake Arthur Municipal Schools 83% 83% NA Las Cruces Public Schools 67% 53% 56% Las Vegas City Public Schools 83% 80% 72% Logan Municipal Schools 69% 98% NA Lordsburg Municipal Schools 78% 72% NA Los Alamos Public Schools 83% NA NA Los Lunas Public Schools 69% 67% 65% Loving Municipal Schools 90% 90% 87% Lovington Public Schools 76% 71% 73% Magdalena Municipal Schools 80% 79% NA Maxwell Municipal Schools 63% NA NA Melrose Public Schools 89% NA NA Mesa Vista Consolidated Schools 71% 65% 78% Mora Independent Schools 90% 90% NA Moriarty Municipal Schools 73% 61% 62% Mosquero Municipal Schools NA NA NA Mountainair Public Schools 89% 94% NA Pecos Independent Schools 75% 79% 76% Peñasco Independent Schools 76% 76% 77% Pojoaque Valley Public Schools 76% 73% 79% Portales Municipal Schools 81% 72% 68% Quemado Independent Schools 85% 94% NA Questa Independent Schools 87% 86% 76% Raton Public Schools 75% 73% 69% Reserve Independent Schools 90% 90% NA Rio Rancho Public Schools 84% 73% 72% Roswell Independent Schools 69% 65% 69% Roy Municipal Schools 62% NA NA Ruidoso Municipal Schools 70% 53% 71% San Jon Municipal Schools 87% 84% NA Santa Fe Public Schools 60% 61% 59% Santa Rosa Consolidated Schools 91% 92% 93% Silver City Consolidated Schools 83% 73% 92% Socorro Consolidated Schools 65% 68% NA Springer Municipal Schools 96% 96% NA Taos Municipal Schools 77% 72% 68% Tatum Municipal Schools 88% 59% NA Texico Municipal Schools 92% 84% NA Truth or Consequences Schools 65% 57% 79% Tucumcari Public Schools 54% 54% NA Tularosa Municipal Schools 72% 73% NA Vaughn Municipal Schools 61% 61% NA Wagon Mound Public Schools 75% 75% 75% West Las Vegas Public Schools 71% 71% 74% Zuni Public Schools 72% 73% 71% *The NM PED implemented its first 4-year cohort ( on-time ) graduation rate in 2009, using the National Governors Association cohort computation method. The cohort consists of all students who were first-time freshmen four years earlier and who graduated by August 1 of their fourth year. In New Mexico, cohorts are also tracked for one additional year past their expected year of graduation, yielding a five-year graduation rate. Source: PED Graduation Rates, 4-Year Cohort of 2013, NM PED. Retrieved November 3, 2014 from: Kids Count Data Book 47

50 TABLES AND GRAPHS Education: GRADUATION RATES HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATION RATES BY RACE/ETHNICITY AND GENDER ( ) Given that New Mexico s racial/ethnic minority students are actually in the majority in the schools, the inequities in graduation rates especially for our Hispanic and Native American students need to be addressed and remedied quickly. 100% % 77% 64% 69% 86% 66% 75% Source: PED Graduation Rates, 4-Year Cohort of 2013, NM PED. Retrieved November 3, 2014 from: Graduation_data.html 20 0 Hispanic White Native American Black/ African-American Asian Male Female 48 New Mexico Voices for Children

51 TABLES AND GRAPHS Health: PRENATAL CARE BIRTHS TO WOMEN RECEIVING NO PRENATAL CARE BY SELECTED STATUS AND COUNTY (2013) In New Mexico, the rates of women receiving no prenatal care increased from 2012 to 2013, especially for those who were not married or had less than a high school education. Read this table as: Of all unmarried mothers who had a live birth in 2013, 2.6 percent received no prenatal care. Number of Live Percent of Live Percent of Percent of Mothers Births to All Births to All Mothers Not with Less than High Women with No Women with No Married with School Diploma with Location Prenatal Care Prenatal Care No Prenatal Care No Prenatal Care New Mexico % 2.6% 3.9% Bernalillo County % 1.8% 2.3% Catron County 0 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Chaves County % 2.1% 2.5% Cibola County 7 1.9% 2.4% 2.2% Colfax County 3 2.2% 2.4% 0.0% Curry County % 3.1% 3.6% De Baca County 0 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Doña Ana County % 5.8% 9.0% Eddy County 8 0.9% 1.1% 1.6% Grant County 7 2.3% 3.0% 2.0% Guadalupe County 0 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Harding County 0 0.0% 0.0% NA Hidalgo County 0 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Lea County % 6.0% 8.2% Lincoln County 1 0.5% 0.0% 0.0% Los Alamos County 1 0.6% 0.0% 0.0% Luna County % 5.3% 5.8% McKinley County % 4.1% 5.4% Mora County 0 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Otero County % 3.0% 7.8% Quay County 2 2.6% 4.1% 5.9% Rio Arriba County % 2.7% 2.9% Roosevelt County 1 0.3% 0.0% 1.7% San Juan County % 2.2% 2.6% San Miguel County 2 0.6% 1.0% 0.0% Sandoval County 3 0.2% 0.1% 0.5% Santa Fe County % 1.3% 1.3% Sierra County 1 0.9% 0.0% 0.0% Socorro County 4 1.8% 2.1% 2.1% Taos County 4 1.4% 0.6% 2.6% Torrance County 2 1.4% 3.0% 6.7% Union County 0 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Valencia County % 1.5% 1.0% Note: Count or rate is statistically (RSE >0.30), or extremely (RSE >0.50) unstable and may fluctuate widely across time due to random variation/chance. This usually occurs when there is a small number of health events in a small population. [RSE= relative standard error] Source: NM-IBIS, Epidemiology and Response Division, NM DOH. Retrieved November 5, 2014 from: Kids Count Data Book 49

52 TABLES AND GRAPHS Health: PRENATAL CARE WOMEN RECEIVING NO PRENATAL CARE BY RACE/ETHNICITY (2013) Babies of mothers who do not get prenatal care are three times more likely to have a low birth weight and five times more likely to die than those born to mothers who do get care. Office of Women s Health, US Department of Health and Human Services 2.5% % Total 2.2% Hispanic Source: NM-IBIS, Epidemiology and Response Division, NM DOH. Retrieved November 5, 2014 from: state.nm.us/query/builder/birth/pnccnty/pncnone.html BIRTHS TO WOMEN RECEIVING PRENATAL CARE IN THE FIRST TRIMESTER BY RACE/ETHNICITY ( ) 80% % 63% 1.1% White 70% 2.3% Native American 52% 2.2% Black/ African American 60% 0.7% Asian/ Pacific Islander 68% Total Hispanic White Native American Black/ African American Asian/ Pacific Islander Source: NM-IBIS, Epidemiology and Response Division, NM DOH. Retrieved November 5, 2014 from: state.nm.us/query/builder/birth/pnccnty/pncnone.html 50 New Mexico Voices for Children

53 Health: PRENATAL CARE MOTHERS RECEIVING LATE* OR NO PRENATAL CARE BY RACE/ETHNICITY ( ) 50% 40 44% 30 32% 34% 20 26% 28% Hispanic White Native American Black/ African American Asian/ Pacific Islander *Late prenatal care begins after 3rd month of pregnancy. Source: Health Equity in New Mexico: A Report on Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, 8th Edition, NM DOH, October Health: INFANT MORTALITY INFANT MORTALITY NUMBERS AND RATES BY COUNTY (2013) Number of Infant Location Infant Deaths Mortality Rate* New Mexico Bernalillo County Chaves County Cibola County Colfax County Curry County Number of Infant Location Infant Deaths Mortality Rate* Sandoval County Santa Fe County Sierra County Socorro County Taos County Valencia County Doña Ana County Eddy County Grant County Guadalupe County Lea County McKinley County Otero County Quay County Rio Arriba County Note: All rates, except those of New Mexico, Bernalillo, and Doña Ana counties, are statistically (RSE >0.30) or extremely (RSE>0.50) unstable and can fluctuate widely due to random variation/chance. This usually occurs when a small number of health events occur in a small population. [RSE = relative standard error] *The infant mortality rate is the number of infants per 1,000 live births who die in their first year. Source: NM-IBIS, Epidemiology and Response Division, NM DOH. Retrieved November 5, 2014 from: InfMort/InfMortRateQuartile.html San Juan County San Miguel County Kids Count Data Book 51

54 TABLES AND GRAPHS Health: CHILD HEALTH INSURANCE CHILDREN WITHOUT HEALTH INSURANCE BY INCOME LEVEL AND COUNTY (2012) From 2011 to 2012, the rates of children at or below 200 percent of the federal poverty level who were uninsured dropped slightly for New Mexico as a whole and in 23 of its counties. In McKinley County, however, more of these children were uninsured, as the rate rose from 9 percent in 2011 to 11 percent in All Income Income at or Below Location Levels 200% of Poverty New Mexico 8.7% 10.8% Bernalillo County 7.8% 10.6% Catron County 13.6% 16.3% Chaves County 8.4% 9.8% Cibola County 8.6% 8.5% Colfax County 8.5% 10.6% Curry County 7.0% 8.5% De Baca County 11.9% 13.1% Doña Ana County 8.7% 10.2% Eddy County 6.2% 8.1% Grant County 7.2% 9.3% Guadalupe County 6.8% 7.4% Harding County 14.9% 19.4% Hidalgo County 9.2% 11.3% Lea County 9.2% 11.8% Lincoln County 10.6% 12.6% Los Alamos County 2.7% 17.2% Luna County 9.1% 9.7% McKinley County 12.2% 11.3% Mora County 10.4% 13.3% Otero County 9.6% 11.5% Quay County 6.4% 6.6% Rio Arriba County 9.9% 11.4% Roosevelt County 8.3% 9.6% San Juan County 11.7% 13.1% San Miguel County 7.8% 9.4% Sandoval County 6.7% 10.3% Santa Fe County 11.4% 16.1% Sierra County 8.6% 9.7% Socorro County 9.9% 10.7% Taos County 9.9% 11.4% Torrance County 10.2% 12.0% Union County 10.5% 13.4% Valencia County 7.3% 8.8% Note: All published margins of error for data from the SAHIE program are based on a 90 percent confidence level. Source: Small Area Health Insurance Estimates (SAHIE), U.S. Census. Retrieved from: 52 New Mexico Voices for Children

55 CHILDREN (UNDER AGE 21) ENROLLED IN MEDICAID BY COUNTY (OCTOBER 2014) More than half (53 percent) of New Mexico s children who have health insurance are covered by Medicaid,* making Medicaid the largest insurance provider for children under age 18. Without this essential support, more than half our children would have no health insurance at all. Native American Location All Children Children New Mexico 307,133 46,775 Bernalillo County 87,753 7,298 Catron County Chaves County 12, Cibola County 5,285 3,106 Colfax County 1, Curry County 7, De Baca County Doña Ana County 40, Eddy County 8, Grant County 3, Guadalupe County Harding County 34 2 Hidalgo County Lea County 11, Lincoln County 2, Los Alamos County Luna County 5, McKinley County 16,214 14,140 Mora County Otero County 6,964 1,205 Quay County 1, Rio Arriba County 8,052 1,431 Roosevelt County 2, San Juan County 21,049 11,688 San Miguel County 3, Sandoval County 16,625 4,271 Santa Fe County 16, Sierra County 1, Socorro County 2, Taos County 4, Torrance County 3, Union County Valencia County 11, * American Community Survey, Table B27003, and 2013 ACS, Table H105, U.S. Census Source: Medicaid Eligibility Reports: October-All Children Under 21 by County.pdf and October-Native Americans by County.pdf, NM HSD. Column used: Children, including CHIP and not in another category. Retrieved November 7, 2014 from: Kids Count Data Book 53

56 TABLES AND GRAPHS Health: CHILD ABUSE A child abuse allegation is substantiated when it is determined that the victim is under age 18, a parent/ caregiver has been identified as the perpetrator and/ or as failing to protect, and credible evidence exists to support the conclusion by the investigator that the child has been abused and/or neglected, as defined by the New Mexico Children s Code. Read the rate data in this way: In New Mexico, between April and June of 2014, approximately 5.5 children in every 1,000 children under age 18 were abused or neglected. Read the types of abuse data as: In New Mexico, between April and June of 2014, of all allegations of child abuse, 22 percent were for substantiated physical abuse, 3 percent were substantiated for sexual abuse, and 75 percent were for substantiated physical neglect. SUBSTANTIATED CHILD ABUSE ALLEGATIONS AND INVESTIGATIONS BY TYPE OF ABUSE AND COUNTY (APRIL 2014-JUNE 2014) Rate* of Percent Percent Percent Substantiated Substantiated Substantiated Substantiated Location Abuse Physical Abuse Sexual Abuse Physical Neglect New Mexico % 2.5% 75.4% Bernalillo County % 3.0% 72.0% Catron & Grant Counties % 9.0% 65.0% Chaves County % 2.0% 85.0% Cibola County % 0.0% 79.0% Colfax & Union Counties % 0.0% 79.0% Curry County % 3.0% 70.0% De Baca, Harding & Quay Counties % 0.0% 69.0% Doña Ana County % 4.0% 84.0% Eddy County % 3.0% 87.0% Guadalupe, Mora & San Miguel Counties % 2.0% 71.0% Hidalgo & Luna Counties % 0.0% 82.0% Lea County % 1.0% 81.0% Lincoln County % 0.0% 78.0% Los Alamos & Rio Arriba Counties % 22.0% 30.0% McKinley County % 2.0% 71.0% Otero County % 0.0% 74.0% Roosevelt County % 0.0% 70.0% San Juan County % 2.0% 70.0% Sandoval County % 2.0% 65.0% Santa Fe County % 1.0% 79.0% Sierra County % 0.0% 75.0% Socorro County % 0.0% 96.0% Taos County % 2.0% 84.0% Torrance County % 14.0% 62.0% Valencia County % 4.0% 73.0% Note: The Yearly Report by the CYFD was not available by publication time of the 2014 NM KIDS COUNT Data Book. The data reflected in this table come from the last quarter (April-June 2014) of this fiscal year, and thus cannot be compared to the data for fiscal year 2013 in the substantiated child abuse table provided in the 2013 NM KIDS COUNT Data Book. *Rate is the number per 1,000 children. Source: 360 Quarterly State and County Profiles, 4th Quarter SFY 2014, NM CYFD. Retrieved November 6, 2014 from: docs/360_quarterly_fy14_q4.pdf 54 New Mexico Voices for Children

57 Abused or neglected children can see the world as an unstable, frightening and dangerous place, which can undermine their sense of self-worth and their ability to cope with and adapt to their environments as they grow up. If unaddressed, maltreatment may contribute to later problems, such as alcoholism/ substance abuse, depression, domestic violence, suicidal thoughts and attempts. American Psychological Association 2014 Kids Count Data Book 55

58 TABLES AND GRAPHS Health: TEEN MENTAL HEALTH AND SUICIDE It is incredibly worrisome that in two-thirds of the counties reporting these results, approximately one-third of the students reported feelings of persistent sadness or hopelessness. In addition, in a majority of New Mexico s counties, at least one in ten students say they have attempted suicide in the past. There is definitely a great need in the state for strong mental health programs for our youth. HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS WHO REPORTED FEELING PERSISTENT SADNESS OR HOPELESSNESS AND/OR WHO HAVE ATTEMPTED SUICIDE BY COUNTY (2013) Note: Data are derived from students responding to the questions: (a) During the past 12 months, did you ever feel so sad or hopeless almost every day for two weeks or more in a row that you stopped doing some usual activities?; and (b) During the past 12 months, how many times did you actually attempt suicide? Affirmative answers to the first question are considered a potential sign of suicidal thinking, while affirmative responses to the second indicate that a student is seriously at risk of attempting suicide again. Source: Youth Risk and Resiliency Survey, County Reports, NM DOH, NM PED, and UNM. Retrieved November 8, 2014 from: countyreports/ Percent Percent Who Feeling Sad have Attempted Location and Hopeless Suicide New Mexico 31% 9% Bernalillo County 32% 12% Catron County 39% 8% Cibola County 32% 14% Colfax County 30% 10% Curry County 31% 11% De Baca County 22% 6% Doña Ana County 31% 11% Eddy County 28% 10% Grant County 28% 7% Guadalupe County 29% 9% Hidalgo County 17% 5% Lea County 35% 10% Lincoln County 30% 10% Los Alamos County 23% 7% Luna County 38% 15% McKinley County 31% 13% Mora County 20% 6% Otero County 35% 10% Quay County 34% 9% Rio Arriba County 29% 11% Roosevelt County 31% 10% San Juan County 28% 10% San Miguel County 38% 13% Sandoval County 32% 10% Santa Fe County 33% 11% Sierra County 39% 12% Socorro County 31% 10% Taos County 31% 10% Torrance County 23% 12% Valencia County 32% 14% 56 New Mexico Voices for Children

59 Mental health issues can lead adolescents not just to experiment with alcohol and drugs, but also to use substances for self-medication. American Academy of Pediatrics YOUTH (AGES 15-24) SUICIDE RATES* BY RACE/ETHNICITY ( ) Total Hispanic White Native American Black/ African American Asian/ Pacific Islander *The rate is the number per 100,000 youths ages 15 to 24. Rates for groups with fewer than 20 events may fluctuate greatly from year to year. Source: NM-IBIS, Epidemiology and Response Division, NM DOH. Retrieved November 8, 2014 from: Kids Count Data Book 57

60 TABLES AND GRAPHS Family and Community: POPULATION CHILD POPULATION BY RACE/ ETHNICITY ( ) 11% Native American 2% Black, African- American 1% Asian 5% Two or More Races 57% Hispanic 24% White, non-hispanic New Mexico is ahead of the U.S. as a whole in having a minority-majority child population. The U.S. is not expected to reach that position for at least a decade. More than 75 percent of New Mexico s child population is made up of minority children, with Hispanics predominating. From 2012 to 2013, slight growth was seen in the Native American child proportion. Given the low ranking of the state 49th in the nation in terms of child well-being, these statistics indicate a serious need to implement policies that support our children of color. POPULATION ESTIMATES BY AGE AND COUNTY ( ) Total Population Total Child Population Location (All Ages) (Ages 0-19) United States 313,861,723 82,601,205 New Mexico 2,082, ,117 Bernalillo County 672, ,299 Chaves County 65,749 20,243 Cibola County 27,358 7,536 Curry County 50,328 15,520 Doña Ana County 213,395 64,690 Eddy County 54,646 15,920 Grant County 29,369 7,472 Lea County 66,424 21,453 Lincoln County 20,268 4,068 Luna County 24,924 7,328 McKinley County 73,175 25,087 Otero County 65,678 18,067 Rio Arriba County 40,246 10,863 Roosevelt County 20,239 6,413 San Juan County 127,620 39,023 San Miguel County 28,919 7,190 Sandoval County 135,387 38,028 Santa Fe County 146,429 32,898 Taos County 32,931 7,342 Valencia County 76,583 21,618 Source: American Community Survey, Table DP05, U.S. Census Source: American Community Survey, Table S0201, U.S. Census 58 New Mexico Voices for Children

61 TABLES AND GRAPHS Family and Community: TYPES OF FAMILIES FAMILIES BY HOUSEHOLDER TYPE AND COUNTY ( ) Single Male Single Female Married Couple Household Household Total Number Families with Own Families with Own Families with Own Location of Families Children 0-18 Children 0-18 Children 0-18 United States 76,595,548 20% 2% 7% New Mexico 500,987 18% 3% 8% Bernalillo County 162,529 17% 3% 8% Catron County 1,010 7% 2% 1% Chaves County 16,207 19% 3% 9% Cibola County 5,634 13% 5% 8% Colfax County 3,379 14% 2% 7% Curry County 12,150 22% 3% 9% De Baca County % 4% 5% Doña Ana County 51,238 20% 2% 10% Eddy County 13,731 19% 3% 8% Grant County 7,764 13% 3% 6% Guadalupe County % 4% 9% Harding County 137 8% 2% 0% Hidalgo County 1,232 10% 1% 9% Lea County 15,649 23% 4% 8% Lincoln County 5,440 14% 1% 6% Los Alamos County 5,151 23% 3% 5% Luna County 5,999 15% 3% 9% McKinley County 12,100 16% 3% 10% Mora County % 2% 2% Otero County 16,729 20% 2% 7% Quay County 2,213 13% 2% 4% Rio Arriba County 10,258 14% 4% 9% Roosevelt County 4,586 18% 3% 10% San Juan County 30,979 21% 5% 8% San Miguel County 6,834 10% 6% 9% Sandoval County 33,728 21% 4% 7% Santa Fe County 35,678 14% 2% 6% Sierra County 2,365 5% 1% 4% Socorro County 3,433 12% 2% 7% Taos County 7,955 11% 2% 9% Torrance County 3,733 16% 3% 5% Union County 1,078 13% 3% 9% Valencia County 19,687 21% 4% 9% Note: The numbers in these rows do not add up to 100 percent because there are other types of family structures, including those without children, which are not listed. Source: American Community Survey, Table DP02, U.S. Census 2014 Kids Count Data Book 59

62 TABLES AND GRAPHS Family and Community: TYPES OF FAMILIES FAMILIES BY HOUSEHOLDER TYPE AND TRIBE/PUEBLO ( ) Single Male Single Female Married Couple Household Householder Number of Families with Own Families with Own Families with Own Tribe or Pueblo Family Households Children 0-18 Children 0-18 Children 0-18 Acoma Pueblo % 6% 5% Cochiti Pueblo % 1% 7% Isleta Pueblo % 4% 17% Jemez Pueblo % 6% 8% Jicarilla Apache % 5% 11% Laguna Pueblo % 4% 7% Mescalero Apache % 3% 22% Nambe Pueblo 466 9% 4% 9% Navajo* 31,845 15% 4% 12% Ohkay Owingeh Pueblo 1,662 16% 6% 10% Picuris Pueblo % 2% 10% Pojoaque Pueblo % 5% 7% Sandia Pueblo 1,256 18% 3% 13% San Felipe Pueblo % 6% 11% San Ildefonso Pueblo % 5% 6% Santa Ana Pueblo % 2% 18% Santa Clara Pueblo 2,886 15% 3% 10% Santo Domingo Pueblo 517 9% 3% 20% Taos Pueblo 1,180 11% 2% 9% Tesuque Pueblo % 5% 3% Zia Pueblo % 3% 14% Zuni Pueblo 1,413 13% 3% 10% Note: The numbers in these rows do not add up to 100 percent because there are other types of family structures, including those without children, which are not listed. * Only data for Navajos living on New Mexico reservation land are used. Source: American Community Survey, Table DP02, U.S. Census 60 New Mexico Voices for Children

63 TABLES AND GRAPHS Family and Community: ADULT EDUCATION ADULTS (AGES 25 AND OLDER) BY EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT LEVEL AND COUNTY ( ) High School No High Graduate, Graduate or School GED or Associate s Bachelor s Professional Location Diploma Alternative Degree Degree Degree United States 14% 28% 8% 18% 11% New Mexico 17% 26% 8% 15% 11% Bernalillo County 13% 24% 7% 18% 14% Catron County 14% 32% 6% 11% 5% Chaves County 22% 27% 8% 11% 6% Cibola County 19% 43% 7% 6% 5% Colfax County 14% 34% 6% 13% 7% Curry County 19% 24% 10% 12% 8% De Baca County 21% 33% 6% 14% 7% Doña Ana County 23% 22% 7% 15% 11% Eddy County 20% 32% 8% 9% 7% Grant County 16% 28% 8% 13% 11% Guadalupe County 18% 42% 9% 6% 3% Harding County 12% 42% 6% 14% 5% Hidalgo County 21% 34% 6% 10% 5% Lea County 29% 29% 7% 9% 5% Lincoln County 14% 26% 8% 16% 9% Los Alamos County 3% 11% 7% 26% 37% Luna County 30% 32% 5% 7% 6% McKinley County 29% 32% 7% 7% 5% Mora County 12% 43% 10% 4% 9% Otero County 16% 28% 10% 11% 7% Quay County 19% 39% 5% 10% 5% Rio Arriba County 22% 31% 8% 9% 7% Roosevelt County 20% 28% 7% 11% 8% San Juan County 18% 33% 10% 10% 6% San Miguel County 17% 31% 6% 12% 9% Sandoval County 9% 27% 10% 17% 11% Santa Fe County 13% 20% 6% 21% 18% Sierra County 15% 34% 5% 15% 6% Socorro County 20% 32% 5% 11% 9% Taos County 12% 26% 10% 18% 11% Torrance County 17% 38% 7% 8% 4% Union County 22% 37% 5% 8% 7% Valencia County 18% 30% 7% 11% 7% Note: The numbers in these rows do not add up to 100 percent because certain educational attainment levels are not included here, such as some college, no degree. Source: American Community Survey, Table DP02, U.S. Census 2014 Kids Count Data Book 61

64 TABLES AND GRAPHS Family and Community: ADULT EDUCATION ADULTS (AGES 25 AND OLDER) BY EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT LEVEL AND TRIBE/PUEBLO ( ) Percent with Percent with Population of High School Bachelor s Those Age 25 Diploma Degree or and Above (includes equivalency) Higher Acoma Pueblo 1,997 57% 4% Cochiti Pueblo 1,069 25% 24% Isleta Pueblo 2,240 35% 11% Jemez Pueblo 1,234 44% 10% Jicarilla Apache 1,802 37% 11% Laguna Pueblo 2,649 46% 11% Mescalero Apache 1,885 32% 9% Nambe Pueblo 1,303 30% 26% Navajo* 95,038 33% 7% Ohkay Owingeh Pueblo 4,257 32% 10% Picuris Pueblo 1,324 28% 15% Pojoaque Pueblo 2,439 32% 25% Sandia Pueblo 3,091 38% 10% San Felipe Pueblo 2,214 38% 10% San Ildefonso Pueblo 1,328 30% 22% Santa Ana Pueblo % 12% Santa Clara Pueblo 7,373 30% 19% Santo Domingo Pueblo 1,643 35% 6% Taos Pueblo 3,855 25% 28% Tesuque Pueblo % 24% Zia Pueblo % 4% Zuni Pueblo 6,757 36% 8% Note: The numbers in these rows do not add up to 100 percent because certain educational attainment levels are not included here, such as some college, no degree. *Only data for Navajos living on New Mexico reservation land are used. Source: American Community Survey, Table DP02, U.S. Census 62 New Mexico Voices for Children

65 TABLES AND GRAPHS Family and Community: BIRTHS TO TEENS TEEN (AGES 15-19) BIRTH RATES* BY RACE/ETHNICITY (2013) Total White Native American Black/ African American Asian/ Pacific Islander *The teen birth rate is the number of births to teens ages 15 to 19 per 1,000 female teens in that age group. The Hispanic teen birth rate was unavailable. Source: NM-IBIS, Epidemiology and Response Division, NM DOH. Retrieved October 30, 2014 from: Kids Count Data Book 63

66 Methodology Data Sources: At this time, the New Mexico KIDS COUNT program does not design or implement primary research in the state. Instead, the program uses and analyzes secondary data and study findings provided by credible research and data collection institutions both in the state and the nation, such as the U.S. Census Bureau. The New Mexico KIDS COUNT staff make every effort to confirm that the data gathered and used are the most reliable possible. However, we rely on the data collection and analysis skills of those institutions providing this information. Data Conditions: Some tables in this report do not provide data for all New Mexico counties or school districts. In order to provide the most up-to-date information possible we make every effort to utilize the most recent U.S. Census Bureau data sets (generally the American Community Survey, or ACS). Given this, however, a certain trade-off takes place, as data are not always available in certain time frames for certain geographic areas, like counties with smaller population sizes. For example, one-year estimates such as the 2013 ACS provide the most current data available, but are only published for geographic areas with a population of 65,000 or more. ACS three-year estimates (such as ) provide data for areas with estimated populations of 20,000 or more, and thus, more New Mexico counties are included in our tables based on these estimates. The five-year estimates provide data for areas with fewer than 20,000 people, because in five years a large enough sample has been accumulated to provide accurate estimates for those areas. The data presented in the various tables and graphs in this report are often not comparable to each other. This is due to several factors. These data come from a variety of sources that may use different sample sizes in their research/data collection methods. Data may also be derived from surveys or questionnaires that apply different definitions to key, measurable terms such as family versus household (see below). In addition, statistics, such as percentages or rates, may be calculated for certain populations based on different universes (the total number of units e.g., individuals, households, businesses in the population of interest). The universe generally serves as the denominator when a percentage or rate is calculated. A percentage is a measure calculated by taking the number of items in a group possessing a certain quality of interest and dividing by the total number of items in that group, and then multiplying by 100. A rate is the number of items, events or individuals in a group out of a number generally 1,000 or 100,000 that fall into a certain category. Rates are determined by dividing the number of items possessing a certain quality of interest (like teens ages giving birth) by the total number of items in the group (all teen females ages 15-19), and then multiplying the answer by 1,000. A rate is stated as the number per 1,000 or per 100,000. Key U.S. Census Definitions to Help in Understanding Certain Tables and Graphs A household includes all the people who occupy or live in a housing unit (apartment, house, mobile home, etc.) as their usual place of residence. A householder is the person in whose name the home is owned, mortgaged or rented. Households are classified by the gender of the householder and the presence of relatives, such as: married-couple family; male householder, no wife present; female householder, no husband present with own children; same sex couple households; and the like. A family includes a householder and people living in the same household who are related to that householder by birth, marriage or adoption and regarded as members of his/her family. A family household may have people not related to the householder, but they are not included as part of the householder s family in Census tabulations. So, though the number of families equals the number of family households, family households may include more members than do families. Families are classified as Married Couple Family, Single Parent Family, Stepfamily, or Subfamily. 64 New Mexico Voices for Children

67 Total income is the sum of the amounts reported separately for wages, salary, commissions, bonuses, or tips; self-employment income from one s own non-farm or farm businesses, including proprietorships and partnerships; interest, dividends, net rental income, royalty income, or income from estates and trusts; Social Security or Railroad Retirement income; Supplemental Security Income (SSI); any public assistance or welfare payments from the state or local welfare office; retirement, survivor, or disability pensions; and any other sources of income received regularly, such as Veterans (VA) payments, unemployment compensation, child support, or alimony. Household Income, which is a summed number, includes the income of the householder and all other individuals 15 years old and over in the household, whether they are related to the householder or not. Family Income includes the summed incomes of all members 15 years old and over related to the householder; this summed income is treated as a single amount. ($47,700) is considered to be low-income, with just enough to cover basic family living expenses. Race and Hispanic Origin: The U.S. Census uses six race categories: White, Black or African American, American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian, Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander, and Some Other Race. The term origin is used to indicate a person s (or the person s parents) heritage, nationality group, lineage, or country of birth. In addition, the Census uses two ethnic categories: Hispanic and Non-Hispanic. Hispanic (or Latino) refers to a person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture or origin, regardless of race. People who identify their origin as Spanish or Hispanic may be of any race. Median income divides households or families evenly in the middle with half of all households/families earning more than the median income and half of all households/families earning less than the median income. The U.S. Census Bureau considers the median income to be lower than the average income, and thus, a more accurate representation. Poverty level can be difficult to interpret. The Census Bureau uses a set of income thresholds that vary by family size and composition to determine who is poor. If total income for a family or individual falls below the relevant poverty threshold, then the family or individual is classified as being below the poverty level. However, the poverty level is generally far below what a family actually needs in order to live at a bare minimum level (i.e., have sufficient food, a place to live, transportation, and health care). For example, the 2014 Federal Poverty Guidelines set a poverty level of $11,670 for one person; for a family of four, the poverty guide is an income of $23,850. However, a family of four at double (200 percent) the Federal Poverty Level 2014 Kids Count Data Book 65

68 Major Data Sources American Community Survey, U.S. Census Bureau The American Community Survey (ACS) provides annual data on demographic, social, housing, and economic indicators. The ACS samples nearly 3 million addresses each year, resulting in approximately 2 million final interviews. After a broad nationwide data collection test conducted between 2000 and 2004, full implementation of the survey began in 2005, with the exception of group quarters (such as correctional facilities, college dorms, and nursing homes), which were first included in the 2006 ACS. Certain changes were made to the ACS questionnaire on health insurance coverage, veteran s service-connected disability, and marital history at the beginning of Each year, the ACS releases data for geographic areas with populations of 65,000 residents or more, and collects a sample over three- and five-year periods to produce estimates for smaller geographic areas. In 2014, one-year estimates (for 2013) were released; the three-year estimates ( ) for areas with populations of 20,000 or more were released in mid-november 2014; and the 2013 five-year estimates were slated for release in early December (The ACS 5-year estimates are constructed as a period estimate and reflect the average data characteristics over the entire period.) Results from the 2010 U.S. decennial census were made available in Internet address for American FactFinder2: pages/index.xhtml Bureau of Business and Economic Research, University of New Mexico The Bureau of Business and Economic Research (BBER) produces economic and demographic research related to New Mexico. The BBER also maintains a Data Bank a library of socioeconomic data that includes an extensive decennial census collection, along with a wide assortment of other economic and demographic information. Internet address: Data Collection Bureau, New Mexico Public Education Department The Data Collection Bureau gathers data from public school districts throughout New Mexico. The data collected include the percentage of students receiving free and reduced-price lunches, student enrollment figures, reading proficiency, student-to-teacher ratios, high school graduation rates, and more. Key internet addresses include: schoolfactsheets.html and In addition, the NMPED also provides an interactive data site, the Education Data Dashboard ( that provides quick educational reports, links to other data sites, and data charts and graphs on such topics as: enrollment counts, school demographics, assessment proficiency percentages, and school grading. Medical Assistance Division, New Mexico Human Services Department New Mexico Centennial Care was implemented on January 1, 2014 as a replacement to the outdated New Mexico Medicaid system. The program is administered by the NM HSD s Medical Assistance Division. The intent of the Centennial Care program is to modernize the Medicaid program without cutting back on eligibility or necessary services especially for children under age 21 or hurting state providers. Medicaid enrollment numbers are reported for children under age 21 (including Native American children) by county. Internet address for the October 2014 report: 5bc82a76689a437682dbd f79/ MER_All_Children_under_21_by_County.pdf and for Native American children: FileLinks/5bc82a76689a437682dbd f79/ MER_Native_Americans_by_County.pdf. Small Area Health Insurance Estimates, U.S. Census Bureau The Small Area Health Insurance Estimates (SAHIE) program provides health insurance estimates for all states and counties. At the county level, data are available on health insurance coverage by age, sex, and income. Internet address: Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates, U.S. Census Bureau The Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE) program, conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau with support from other federal agencies, provides selected income and poverty data for states, counties, and school 66 New Mexico Voices for Children

69 districts. Data are used for the administration of federal programs and allocation of federal funds to localities. Internet address: Bureau of Vital Records and Health Statistics, New Mexico Department of Health The New Mexico Bureau of Vital Records and Health Statistics tabulates vital records data to analyze the health status of New Mexicans. The two major data systems are the files for births and deaths. The birth file contains data on demographic characteristics of newborns and their parents. Data on mothers pregnancy history and medical risk factors are included. The death file contains demographic data on decedents, which are provided by funeral directors, and the causes of death, which are provided by physicians or medical investigators. These data can be found at either the Bureau s direct internet site: nmhealth.org/about/erd/bvrhs/vrp or can be accessed in the NM Department of Health s Indicator- Based Information System (IBIS), Data Set Queries at: Epidemiology and Response Division, New Mexico Department of Health The Epidemiology and Response Division maintains the recently reorganized and upgraded web-based public health data resource called NM-IBIS (New Mexico s Indicator-Based Information System). This database provides up-to-date statistics from a variety of state health department divisions, including birth, death, disease prevalence, and incidence data. There is a health status indicator report section, as well as a direct query section where users can define their specific data requests and get responses in tabular and graph formats. Data are, in general, now available in table, chart, and geo-mapped formats. Internet address: agencies, the NMCDC operates an interactive website at ArcGIS Online where users share extensive data sets from multiple sources in the state. It is meant to share neighborhood-level data with local organizations that promote community assessment, child health, and participatory decision-making in the state. NMCDC maps contain aggregated data for over 1,000 indicators organized by sub-county areas such as census tract, zip code, school districts, and other administrative boundaries. In addition, users will find site specific information for public schools, licensed facilities, and other public services. U.S. Census Bureau The federal government implements a national census every decade; the official 2010 Census results were released in Census data are collected from the entire population rather than a sample that is representative of the entire population (such as with the American Community Survey). Census data serve as the basis for redrawing federal congressional districts and state legislative districts under Public Law Data from the U.S. Census can be accessed from the same FactFinder2 website as that of the American Community Survey (above) or from its own website: The New Mexico Community Data Collaborative (NMDC) Connected with, and intended to be integrated with the NM-IBIS system at some time in the future, the NM Community Data Collaborative, a geo-mapping data site, is found at: html. A network of public health analysts and advocates from a dozen or more state agencies and non-government 2014 Kids Count Data Book 67

70 Other Data Sources The Annie E. Casey Foundation has funded the KIDS COUNT initiative since 1990 and publishes an annual data book highlighting the well-being of children around the country. Using data from the U.S. Census Bureau, and National Center for Health Statistics and other national data sites, the Foundation also provides information at its online data center for each state, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico, as well as by topic, such as immigration, poverty, education, employment, and income. The KIDS COUNT Data Center provides mapping, trend and bar charting, and other services relevant to the data presented. It can be found at: and A new, statewide website, SHARE New Mexico, is an easy-to-use, customizable site that allows users to find relevant data (in chart, graph and mapped formats). Users can also locate services and organizations throughout the state, download research and reports from the site s library, and access a centralized directory of goods and services where organizations can post their needs and where New Mexicans can volunteer and/or get involved in their communities and/or state issues. Internet address: The Economic Policy Institute (EPI) is a nonprofit, non-partisan organization that produces reports about conditions facing low- and middle-income families in the areas of education, the economy, living standards, and the labor market, publishing the highly respected annual report The State of Working America. Internet address: The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services provides poverty guidelines that are a simplified version of the federal poverty thresholds and are used for determining eligibility for various federal programs. The poverty thresholds are issued by the U.S. Census Bureau to calculate poverty population statistics (e.g., the percentage or number of people living in poverty in a particular area). Internet address: The Office of School and Adolescent Health (OSAH), New Mexico Department of Health, is the NM DOH office that works to improve student and adolescent health through integrated school-based or school-linked health services. OSAH also engages in adolescent health promotion and disease prevention activities directly and through collaboration with public and private agencies across New Mexico. Its website is: about/phd/hsb/osah/. The office oversees and provides data from the biannual high school and middle school Youth Risk and Resiliency Survey which covers risk behaviors and resiliency factors ( 68 New Mexico Voices for Children

71 County Index COUNTY INDEX Bernalillo County pages 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 28, 28, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 49, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 58, 59, 61 Catron County pages 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 19, 21, 25, 27, 28, 31, 3236, 49, 52, 53, 54, 56, 59, 61 Chaves County pages 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 19, 21, 23, 27, 28, 29, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 49, 51, 52, 53, 54, 58, 59, 61 Cibola County pages 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 19, 21, 25, 27, 28, 29, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 49, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 58, 59, 61 Colfax County pages 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 28, 31, 32, 36, 49, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 59, 61 Curry County pages 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 28, 29, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 49, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 58, 59, 61 De Baca County pages 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 19, 21, 25, 27, 28, 32, 36, 49, 52, 53, 54, 56, 59, 61 Doña Ana County pages 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 28, 29, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 49, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 58, 59, 61 Eddy County pages 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 28, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 49, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 58, 59, 61 Grant County pages 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 28, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 49, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 58, 59, 61 Guadalupe County pages 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 19, 21, 25, 27, 28, 31, 32, 36, 39, 51, 52, 54, 56, 59, 61 Harding County pages 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 19, 21, 27, 28, 32, 36, 49, 52, 53, 59, 61 Hidalgo County pages 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 19, 21, 25, 27, 28, 29, 31, 32, 36, 49, 52, 54, 56, 59, 61 Quay County pages 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 19, 21, 25, 27, 28, 29, 31, 32, 49, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 59, 61 Rio Arriba County pages 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 28, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 49, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 58, 59, 61 Roosevelt County pages 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 28, 29, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 49, 52, 53, 54, 56, 58, 59, 61 San Juan County pages 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 28, 29, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 49, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 58, 59, 61 San Miguel County pages 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 28, 29, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 49, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 58, 59, 61 Sandoval County pages 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 28, 29, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 49, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 58, 59, 61 Santa Fe County pages 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 28, 29, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 49, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 58, 59, 61 Sierra County pages 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 28, 29, 31, 32, 36, 49, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 59, Socorro County pages 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 28, 29, 31, 32, 36, 49, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 59, 61 Taos County pages 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 28, 29, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 49, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 58, 59, 61 Torrance County pages 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 28, 29, 31, 32, 36, 49, 52, 53, 54, 56, 59, 61 Union County pages 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 19, 21, 23, 27, 28, 31, 32, 36, 49, 52, 53, 54, 59, 61 Valencia County pages 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 28, 29, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 49, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 58, 59, 61 Lea County pages 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 28, 29, 31, 32, 33, 36, 49, 51, 52, 54, 56, 58, 59, 61 Lincoln County pages 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 19, 21, 25, 27, 28, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 49, 52, 53, 54, 56, 58, 59, 61 Los Alamos County pages 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 28, 31, 32, 36, 49, 52, 53, 54, 56, 59, 61 Luna County pages 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 28, 29, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 49, 52, 53, 54, 56, 58, 59, 61 McKinley County pages 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 28, 29, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 49, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 58, 59, 61 Mora County pages 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 19, 21, 25, 27, 28, 31, 32, 36, 49, 52, 53, 54, 56, 59, 61 Otero County pages 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 28, 29, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 49, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 58, 59, Kids Count Data Book 69

72 Learn More Much more New Mexico data is available at the KIDS COUNT Data Center SEARCH BY: Location Topic Keyword CREATE CUSTOM: Maps Tables Graphs datacenter.kidscount.org COMPARE: States Counties Cities Tribal Areas School Districts Congressional Districts 70 New Mexico Voices for Children

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