Insights into Bed Bug Biology and Control. Dr. Susan C. Jones Professor of Entomology

Transcription

1 Insights into Bed Bug Biology and Control Dr. Susan C. Jones Professor of Entomology

2 The Most Bed Bug-Infested Cities in the U.S.

3 Graphicmaps.com

4 Sept/Oct 2013 Pestworld

5 The Common Bed Bug (Cimex lectularius) Insects (true bugs) Typically feed at night Feed only on blood Prefer to feed on humans Alternate hosts: rodents, bats, birds, pets (cats, dogs, etc.) Not caused by bad housekeeping!! BED BUGS CAN HAPPEN TO ANYONE!

6 Bed Bug Feeding Habits Often closely associated with hosts sleeping or resting sites (hide in many places) Locate their host using cues such as carbon dioxide, heat, odor

7 Health Effects from Bed Bugs Skin reactions in 7 of 10 people Redness Welts Itching Secondary bacterial infections Anemia Asthma Anaphylactic shock Psychological effects Sleeplessness Agitation Anxiety

8 August 2010 CDC & EPA Joint Statement Bed bugs are a pest of significant public health importance!

9 BED BUG HABITS Cannot fly Can walk very fast Typically hide during the day in dark, protected sites (esp. cracks & crevices) Prefer fabric, wood, and paper surfaces Can cling tightly to surfaces

10 Bed bugs are very good hitchhikers! Bed bugs can be moved from one place to another by hiding in: luggage furniture bedding backpacks, purses, briefcases clothing

11 --Bed Bug Hitchhikers in luggage

12 --Bed Bug Hitchhikers in walker & wheelchair Photos courtesy of General Pest Control Co.

13 In multi-family housing, bed bugs readily spread to units that are adjacent, below, and above the infested unit.

14 Egg ~0.04 inch (1 mm) long Glued in place 1 st stage nymph ~0.06 inch (1.5 mm) long Takes a blood meal then molts Adult (male & female) ~0.26 inch (6.5 mm) long Takes repeated blood meals; life span ~1 to 1½ yrs LIFE Total developmental CYCLE time OF (egg THE to adult): BED 21 days 86 F F (Cimex lectularius) Note: These images depict bugs with a partly digested blood meal. 2 nd stage nymph ~0.08 inch (2 mm) long Takes a blood meal then molts 5 th stage nymph ~0.18 inch (4.5 mm) long Takes a blood meal then molts The Ohio State University Dr. Susan C. Jones & Benjamin R. Diehl 4 th stage nymph ~0.12 inch (3 mm) long Takes a blood meal then molts 3 rd stage nymph ~0.1 inch (2.5 mm) long Takes a blood meal then molts

15 Life History Characteristics Show That Bed Bug Numbers Can Quickly Increase (Early Detection and Treatment are Very Important) Eggs Glued in place 1 12 eggs / day / female A single female can produce ~150 eggs Hatch in 6 17 days Nymphs (immature bugs) Five nymphal stages Require a blood meal in order to grow Adults (males & females) Require repeated blood meals Can live months Can survive months of starvation

16 INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT (IPM) FOR BED BUGS: Correctly identify the pest + Conduct a thorough inspection + Use sanitation measures + Use non-chemical measures + Apply insecticides to targeted sites

17 Recognize the telltale signs of bed bugs! Black fecal spots Shed skins & eggshells Live bed bugs (nymphs & adults) Blood stains from crushed bugs Welts on exposed skin Distinctive buggy odor (in severe infestations)

18 --Bed Bug Inspection-- Bed Bug-Sniffing Dogs Dog and handler should be specially trained and certified Dog requires daily training, too The dog s handler is important Can have high accuracy Enable rapid inspections Expensive

19 August 2011 Detection Tools and Techniques By: Changlu Wang and Richard Cooper Much variability among canine detection firms. Can be a useful tool in large-scale inspections. Rutgers University Field Study Canine team performance (7 firms; 24 apts.) Average Range Inspection time 150 minutes min. Cost $750 $500-1,000 Detection rate 43% 11-83% False positive rate (signaling bed bugs that weren t there) 0-38%

20 ClimbUp Interceptor bed leg BlackOut Interceptor --Passive Monitoring Devices-- Bed Bug Interceptors Positioned under furniture legs Furniture must be kept in use bugs are attracted to host s CO 2 Pitfall trap bed bugs climb in and cannot escape* *Inner walls of ClimbUps must be kept lubricated with talcum powder or bugs can escape Eliminate alternative ways for bugs to access furniture (don t let bugs bypass interceptors) Keep furniture several inches away from walls Don t let bed linens, dust ruffle, & bedding contact the floor or walls

21 --Active Monitoring Device-- A B C Overview of the Verifi CO 2 BOOSTER PACK (lasts for 24 hours) Bed Bug Detector LURE (lasts for 90 days) --Pheromone chamber (mimics bed bug aggregation scent) --Kairomone chamber (mimics host odor) PITFALL Components PITFALL 5 inches tall 4 inches wide 3 inches deep D E HARBORAGE ADHESIVE front view (cut away) back view

22 OSU Research Study PITFALL All Stages Of Bed Bugs Were Captured In The Verifi Detector Pitfall.

23 Sanitation Measures (Typically are used to supplement additional treatment measures.) Removing clutter Laundering and drying items Steaming Vacuuming Using encasements for mattress & box springs

24 Disinfect Items by Laundering & Drying (kills all bed bug life stages) Launder clothing Wash in hot water (>120ºF) Use drier on hot setting (>30 mins.) Dry clean items Bag disinfected items

25 Vacuuming to contain bed bugs Jones and Boggs OSU Fact Sheet HYG-2158.

26 Contact a professional pest control company to treat for bed bugs ODA web site lists licensed pest mgt. companies and applicators

27 Treatment Options Insecticides Residual products (dust, liquid, aerosols) Fumigation (sulfuryl fluoride) Heat treatment (whole structure, container) Cold (usefulness is limited)

28 Some non-pyrethroid insecticides available in the U.S. for use against bed bugs: Active Ingredient (insecticide class) Imidacloprid + ß-cyfluthrin (neonicotinoid + pyrethroid) Chlorfenapyr (halogenated pyrrole) Acetamiprid + bifenthrin (neonicotinoid + pyrethroid) Thiamethoxam + λ-cyhalothrin (neonicotinoid + pyrethroid) Dinotefuran + diatomaceous earth (neonicotinoid + silica dioxide) Amorphous silica gel (silica) Neem seed oil (azadirachtin) Product Name(s) Temprid SC Phantom SC Phantom PI Transport Mikron Transport GHP Tandem Prescription Treatment Alpine Dust & Alpine PI CimeXa Cirkil CX Cirkil RTU

29 Some Basics of Bed Bug Management Using Insecticides There is no single magic bullet. Bed bug control is time-intensive and labor-intensive. Bed bug control typically takes several treatments (three is the average). It is important to use several different formulations, and often, several different insecticides. A residual insecticide is necessary.

30 Whole Room Heat Treatment

31 Cold Treatment

32 BUYER BEWARE: Grocery store insect sprays won t eliminate a bed bug infestation! Must be sprayed directly on the bed bugs ( kills on contact ) Most bugs are hiding and WILL NOT be killed Little or no residual activity (the chemical breaks down quickly)

33 Words of caution regarding over-the-counter natural products for bed bug control: Exempt from Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) registration EPA requires no efficacy data Claims often based on satisfied customers be sure to ask for their research data and evaluate it carefully Botanical (plant based) products often have a strong odor Botanical products often have limited, if any, residual activity

34 DO NOT use bug bombs against bed bugs! - Bug Bombs don t work - Few bugs will be killed! - Bug Bombs can cause bed bugs to scatter!!! Bug Bombs may worsen the bed bug problem!!

35 Hotshot Bedbug and Flea Fogger Pyrethrins 0.05%, Esfenvalerate 0.1%, Piperonyl Butoxide 0.1% (synergist), MGK % (synergist), Nylar 0.1% (IGR) Spectracide Bug Stop Indoor Fogger Bed bugs are not listed on label Tetramethrin 0.1%, Cypermethrin 0.6% Eliminator Indoor Fogger Bed bugs are not listed on label Cypermethrin 0.515%

36 cockroach feces bed bugs nearby cockroach shed skin

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38 Thank You! Sleep tight, and don t let the well, you know the rest