Quality of Experience in Remote Virtual Desktop Services
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1 Quality of Experience in Remote Virtual Desktop Services Pedro Casas, Michael Seufert, Sebastian Egger, and Raimund Schatz FTW Vienna, Austria
2 The Context: Cloud QoE The Cloud paradigm is pushing traditional local services to run at large datacenters in remote locations. The service quality becomes an important differentiator between ISPs, specially in the case of mobile operators. Cloud QoE: - Assess and forecast impacts of migrating services to the cloud how to maintain good QoE in the Clouds? - Network dimensioning guidelines for Cloud services (specially at the access network)
3 Cloud QoE is about interactivity The impacts of the Network on Cloud QoE are tied to the interactivity degree of the application: The Project File Sync and Storage CRM Virtual office Remote Virtual Desktop Telepresence Gaming Low High Degree of Interactivity - 3 -
4 Agenda QoE in RVD Study Overview RVD Traffic Characterization Results of the Subjective Tests Conclusions - 4 -
5 Agenda QoE in RVD Study Overview RVD Traffic Characterization Results of the Subjective Tests Conclusions - 5 -
6 QoE in Remote Virtual Desktop The Approach This work Subjective QoE Studies for RVD Services - 6 -
7 Test Facilities: The i-lab - 7 -
8 Testbed Layout using the ilab Citrix Virtual Remote Desktop System used in the tests Two identical setups: a laptop and a Citrix Remote Virtual Desktop, provisionned by a Citrix XenServer (v 6.0.2) Traffic shaping between the XenServer and the Virtual Desktops All the traffic packets between the XenServer and the virtual desktops are captured for post-analysis - 8 -
9 Remote Desktop QoE Tests 4 tasks covering the different interaction techniques used in the context of desktop applications: - Typing: transcribe a printed text - Scrolling: document reading with scrolling - Drag & Drop: drag & drop images to specific screen locations - Menu browsing: multiples menu-browsing Gamification approach: - Implement testing tasks as a game - Improve participant engagement - Permits to increase testing duration - Implementations: Quiz Game, Puzzles, Interactive Menu Browsing - 9 -
10 Remote Desktop QoE Tests: QoS Levels Two evaluation phases: - Lab user tests: QoE for different response times (realized by changing network RTT Citrix traffic goes over TCP) - Mapping response times to QoS requirements (Downlink bandwidth) Testing conditions: - 5 QoS levels (RTT = 50, 150, 200, 350, 500 ms) - Extra QoE level local condition (no RVD) User experience ratings (by automatic prompting): - 9-levels ACR scale - overall experience in this specific task - perception of network speed - difficulty in achieving the task - acceptablility to use the application in the experienced conditions Additionaly: time spent by participants to complete the task
11 Participants Demographics 52 participants Gender: 23 Female / 29 Male Average age = 32 <30 (28), (13), 41+ (11) Daily Internet usage (hours) Employment
12 Agenda QoE in RVD Study Overview RVD Traffic Characterization Results of the Subjective Tests Conclusions
13 Remote Desktop and Up-link Bandwidth Uplink traffic throughput consumed by Citrix sessions is negligible Only user inputs (keyboard, mouse) 100 kbps is enough to transfer all the observed traffic patterns
14 Remote Desktop and Down-link Bandwidth Very dependent on the traffic patterns generated by each task Downlink traffic is determined by the level of interactivity and the screen refreshment rate of the particular task In the downlink direction, bandwidth has a marked effect on RD QoE
15 Agenda QoE in RVD Study Overview RVD Traffic Characterization Results of the Subjective Tests Conclusions
16 Citrix RVD Response Times The Citrix Response Time (i.e., time between a user input and the corresponding screen refreshment) is not negligible Compared to the response times of a local desktop application, Citrix adds an additional delay of about 150ms, which impacts the QoE of the end-user, even under optimal network - 16QoS - (check the following slides)
17 RVD QoE vs Network RTT Depending on their specific characteristics, different tasks have different QoE sensitivity to network impairments. More interactive and throughput-intensive applications are more sensitive to RTT RTT should be kept below 150 ms to achieve good QoE and high acceptance with Citrix RVD systems in generic desktop applications
18 RVD QoE vs Down-link Bandwidth Good QoE can be expected if the downlink bandwidth is high enough to avoid shaping the downlink traffic A minimum downlink bandwidht of 2 Mbps is necessary to achive good QoE in the evaluated tasks 4 Mbps of downlink bandwidth avoids QoE degradation due to downlink traffic shaping
19 Impact of RTT on User Behavior and Productivity Cloud QoE is not only about how smooth the application runs on the client, How difficult it is for a user to interact with a remote system when response times are high A RVD user may take up to 3 times more to complete a task in poor network conditions w.r.t. a local Desktop
20 Agenda QoE in RVD Study Overview RVD Traffic Characterization Results of the Subjective Tests Conclusions
21 Conclusions of the Study (1/2) Responsiveness is the key to overall satisfaction with Remote Virtual Desktop Services (and Cloud QoE in general) The degree of interactivity of the application is the most discriminating factor in terms of QoE and influence of the network: results in RVD show that applications with higher degree of interactivity are more sensitive to bad network conditions, specifically as regards high network RTT High RTT values not only translate into bad QoE, but also impact the performance of the end user in terms of the time needed to achieve specific tasks Downlink bandwidth should be high enough to avoid downlink traffic shaping so as to avoid QoE degradation
22 Conclusions of the Study (2/2) Citrix QoE even under optimal network QoS conditions does not reach the QoE of a local desktop, due to an additional response delay of about 150ms introduced by Citrix Such baseline degradation depends on the specific task (interactivity degree and screen activity), and can be as high as 0.5 MOS for highly interactive graphical tasks (drag & drop of images) Regarding testing strategies, gamification approaches proved to be very useful to achieve better participation during longer testing periods
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