Evaluation of the Relationship between Personality Characteristics and Social Relations and the Environmental Life Condition in Addicts

Transcription

1 International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences 2015 Available online at ISSN X / Vol, 9 (7): Science Explorer Publications Evaluation of the Relationship between Personality Characteristics and Social Relations and the Environmental Life Condition in Addicts Rahim Barzgar, Gholamreza Sanagoo Moharar Department of Psychology, college of Psychology and Educational Science, zahedan Science and research branch, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan, Iran Corresponding author sanapaper@chmail.ir ABSTRACT: People need to social relation for satisfaction their needs. In various conditions this relationship and its quality are related to personality characteristics. The purpose of this study is Evaluation of the relationship between Personality characteristics and social relations and the environmental life condition in addicts. The population included all members of the drug opium is Zahedan The exact number is not known which of the snowball sampling method were selected as examples. The sample included individuals aged years who are addicted to opium poppy is. Two questionnaires measuring quality of life and the NEO Personality Inventory. Data analysis with spss software descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson) is performed. Findings indicated that there is a significant relationship between social relations and scope of environmental life with addicts personality characteristic. Keywords: personality traits, personality, social relationships, living conditions, living environment. Statement of the Problem Today using drug, and consequences resulting from it, is one of the most important public health problems in all over the world (Dalli & Marlet). Preventive section of controlling drug use in UN, consumers of drug use have been assessed between 15 to 64 years which are million addicted. Among these, 16 million of them or (0.4 percent of population) use opium and among these 5 million of them (12.5 percent) are consumers of heroin (Hashemi, 1372). The disaster has added a lot of people's on a daily basis and according to this, results in side effects like physical, psychological, family, cultural, and economical disorders also psychological- social. Therefore, role of the personality factors in drug addiction can't be denied. Among personality factors which can have a role in addiction are personality characteristics. Without any doubt, one of the main issues of psychology is personality characteristics. Since these features constitute the basis of individuals' behavior, it can address this issue in certain aspects of people performance. The best example of this is the influence of personality characteristics on their addiction (Karimi, 1375). Dalli & Marlet ( ), a trait theorist, five factors were developed which grow based on Biological factors in human and it remains fixed during their life and can predict excitements and behaviors and NEO name is identified by Neuroticism, Externalism, Flexibility, Adaptation, (Muhammadi, 1386). Other factors that can affect the quality of life are addictive. Quality of life is a multidimensional concept, subjective and complex, and a comprehensive and flexible process that can take on all aspects of people's lives and in other words is an personality understanding, and is a way for expressing the emotions of people related to health or other aspects of life, which is examined by peoples' beliefs and by using standardized instruments (Karimi, 1389). In quality of life studies, what is important is meeting basic human needs and priorities of them. Today, there is a very significant evolution in the monitoring of health service, and it is increasing of sick understanding. Multidimensional quality of life in terms of being personality, it includes various aspects of health, psychological and social dimensions of health and welfare of people, and is affected by personality experiences and understanding of person from life which by elapse of time change. Although the objective factor of describing healthiness is important, but it is expectations and implications of mind that indicates the real quality of life by him. Some authorities describe the quality of life in relation to the level of personality happiness and satisfaction with life and feeling better of living, and some considered it in terms of performance,

2 controlling the illnesses and symptoms of it (Karimi, 1389). Almost in all drug-related researches, personality traits is known as a factor that leads the person toward addiction, lack of personality growth is an important factor. In studies done in the field of etiology, it is referred to drug dependency, mental-social, genetic, biological and psychological hypothesizes factors of dynamic soul. Almost 90% of addicted people are affected with simultaneous mental disorder (Kaplan, 2). Because addiction is a complex subject and psychologically it has different dimensions, any attempt against uncontrolled growth and spread of it requires comprehensive measures in various aspects of social, economic, cultural and psychological. According to what was said, the main goal of present study is "to what extents personality and qualitative characteristics is in relationship with addiction?" Important Factors Effective on Forming the Personality There are various factors for forming the personality of human; these factors can be outlined as follows: Heredity, environmental, learning, parents, growth, consciousness and unconsciousness. Heredity Factors There is strong evidence that certain personality traits or aspects of personality are inherited. These include: psychotic, neuroticism and introversion, five factors of neuroticism, extraversion, willingness to experience, pleasance, Mac and Costa responsibility, and three traits of excitement, people and activity of Bos & Plomin. Furthermore, Zuckerman's excitement traits are largely influenced by genetic factors (Hashemi, 1372). Environmental Factors Each theorist agrees that personality traits are influenced by social environments. Important social events such as war and economic stagnancy can limit our choices and influence on identity formation of us. More normal life changes like becoming a parent get divorce, or job change can affect the personality of person. For example, some women who have children are less modest and sociable than those of women who have no children. People, whose working is hard, show more self-confidence and feeling of control than those whose job are less difficult (Muhammadi, 1386). Learning There is considerable evidence that learning plays a major role in influencing every aspect of our behavior. All of Social and environmental factors that form the personality, do this by learning methods. Even generally, hereditary aspects of personality can be changed by learning processes, be impaired, be refrained from growth, or possibility of flourishing. Parents Parents can influence on the specific aspects of personality, such as the development needs, selfefficacy, source of control and learned helplessness or optimism or even determine them. Parental behavior can even affect hereditary traits such as excitement. With a little thought it can be realized that, for example, how violent parents can suppress hereditary traits such as extroversion, sociability, and willingness to experience. Growth It seems that the fundamental durable of our personality remain unchanged at least several years. The majority of the evidence available to date, it appears that the fundamental characteristics from thirty years onward remain fixed. What can change them is the way we choose to show these characteristics. Changes in economic conditions, leaving the university, marriage, being father or mother, divorce, loss of job or job promotion, midlife crisis, aging parents, are all instances of the problems that we as adults have to be adapted with, and all of those affect on us. Or at least they can change part of our personality (Mac Adams, 1994). Goals of the Research The overall goal of this research is examining the relationship between personality characteristics and quality of life in persons dependent upon opium. Hypothesis of the Research There is a meaningful relationship between personality characteristics and social relationships in those people who are dependent upon opium. There is a meaningful relationship between personality characteristics and status of life in those people who are dependent upon opium. 1078

3 METHOD OF RESEARCH Considering to the overall goal of research which is examining the relationship between personality characteristics and quality of life in persons dependent upon opium, method of present research is descriptive of correlational type. Statistical population consists of whole of addicted people in Zahedan city. Sample size of this research is addicted which were selected with the method of random sample size. It is worthing to note that they are both men and women and their range of age is 20 years to 40. Instrument for collecting data is questionnaire of personality neo which consist of 60 questions and 24 questions is for the questionnaire of quality of life which is made by The World Health Organization with the collaboration of 15 international centers. Abovementioned questionnaires are standard and various studies it showed acceptable reliability. In this study, internal reliability of the scale and subscales were calculated by Cronbach's Alfa. According to this, internal reliability of quality of life was 0.80, personality questionnaires of neo was 0.70 which were calculated; which shows nearly acceptable internal reliability for measuring instrument. The method for analyzing data in descriptive statistics is average and standard deviation and in referential statistics we used Pearson's correlational coefficient test. For analyzing data we used from SPSS. Describing Data For better recognizing the sample of research ( people who are addicted) it is described according to gender: Table 1. Frequency of sample based on gender Gender Frequency Percent men women Total 100 As it is shown in the first table, 84.5 of the sample are men and 15.5 percent are women. Table 2 descriptive statistics shows s of the research which include personality characteristics, quality of life and its aspects dependent on drug Personality characteristics Aspects of the quality of life Table 2. Descriptive statistics shows s of the research Variables Numbers Average Standard deviation Minimum Maximum Externalism willing to experience s Agreement Social relationships factor State of life factor According to the second average and standard deviation, equals to 2.03 and 0.62 respectively, average and standard deviation scores of equals to 2.35 and 0.64, average and standard deviation scores of willing to experience s equals to 1.98 and 0.37 respectively, average and standard deviation scores of Agreement equals to 2.41 and 0.46, average and standard deviation scores of equals to 2.71 and respectively. Also average and standard deviation scores of physical healthiness factors equals to 2.11 and 0.58 respectively, average and standard deviation scores of psychological factors equals to 2.04 and 0.71 respectively, average and standard deviation scores of social relationship factors equals to 2.29 and 0.87 respectively, average and standard deviation scores of status of life factors equals to 2.35 and 0.53 respectively and average and standard deviation scores of quality of life factors equals to 2.19 and 0.42 respectively. 1079

4 Analysis of the Data The First Hypothesis There is a meaningful relationship between personality characteristics and physical healthiness in those people who are dependent upon opium. For examining the first hypothesis we used Pearson's correlational coefficient: Table 3. Pearson's correlational coefficient between personality characteristics and physical healthiness in those people who are dependent upon opium Physical healthiness As it is shown in the 3-4 tables, have meaningful and positive relationship with physical healthiness (r=0.34, p<0.01). Other personality characteristics don't have a meaningful relationship with "physical healthiness" (p> 0.05). The Second Hypothesis There is a meaningful relationship between personality characteristics and psychological healthiness in those people who are dependent upon opium. For examining the second hypothesis we used Pearson's correlational coefficient: Table 4. Pearson's correlational coefficient between personality characteristics and psychological healthiness in those people who are dependent upon opium Psychological healthiness Meaningfulness Number As it is shown in the 4 table, anxious have meaningful and negative relationship with psychological healthiness (r= -0.40, p<0.01), also have meaningful and positive relationship with psychological healthiness (r= 0.285, p<0.01),, have meaningful and positive relationship with psychological healthiness (r= 0.177, p<0.01). Other personality characteristics don't have a meaningful relationship with "physical healthiness" (p> 0.05). The Third Hypothesis There is a meaningful relationship between personality characteristics factor and social relationships in those people who are dependent upon opium. For examining the third hypothesis we used Pearson's correlational coefficient: Table 5. Pearson's correlational coefficient between personality characteristics and social relationships in those people who are dependent upon opium social relationships new thing ** **

5 As it is shown in the 5 th table, have meaningful and positive relationship with "social relationships" factor(r= 0.38, p<0.01), also have meaningful and positive relationship with "social relationships" factor(r= 0.232, p<0.05). Other personality characteristics don't have a meaningful relationship with "social relationships" (p> 0.05). The Fourth Hypothesis There is a meaningful relationship between personality characteristics factor and environment and status of life in those people who are dependent upon opium. For examining the third hypothesis we used Pearson's correlational coefficient: Table 6. Pearson's correlational coefficient between personality characteristics and Environment and status of life in those people who are dependent upon opium Environment and status of life ** ** As it is shown in the 6 th table, "anxious" have meaningful and negative relationship with "environment and status of life" factor(r= -0.43, p<0.01), also "" have meaningful and positive relationship with "social relationships" factor(r= 0.381, p<0.05). Other personality characteristics don't have a meaningful relationship with "environment and status of life" (p> 0.05). CONCLUSION Results of the first hypothesis by using correlational test shows that there is a meaningful correlation between characteristics of and with social relationships factor. Results of the second hypothesis by using correlational test shows that there is a meaningful correlation between characteristics of anxiety and with Environment and status of life. From the standpoint of social, quality of addicted people life had a meaningful relationship with and. But we have to consider that individualism and lack of the need to help others can act as a factor of creating motivation and therefore it can be cause of increasing motivation and following that improving psychological healthiness and welfare. Less trauma and reducing tend to variety indicates of higher stability in life, which these features can also predict a good understanding of welfare. From the standpoint of environment, quality of life with anxiety and consciousness had meaningful relationship, in that the condition of people who have the sense of high independence can be no favorable that much, because their interaction with their environment may be reduced very much and this issue can lead them to be reclusive. Occupation can also be the predictive of environment status, in that the existence of that can be the cause of reducing unfavorable thing in environment factors. Suggestions for Further Research More comprehensive investigation for addicted people life Doing occasional research instead of descriptive Environmental interventions and doing inter discipline research for gathering more comprehensive information Polling from consultants and experts of prevention and treating addiction REFERENCES Hashemi SM Rearing and human personality. Qom, Center of Islamic Seminary Publications, 1 st volume Kaplan H, Sadock B. 2. Synopsis of psychiatry. 9th ed, New York, Williams and Wilkins. Karimi Vakil AR Relationship between quality of life and religious orientation with death anxiety in people more than 40 years old. MA thesis. Psychology school of Allameh Tabatabayi University. Karimi Y psychology of the personality, Virayesh publications, fourth edition McAdams DP The person: An introduction to personality psychology (2nd ed.). Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace. Muhammadi A Relationship of some cognitive, behavioral and excitement factors. 1081