Balansekraft fra Norge en god løsning for miljø og klima?

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Ross Hodge
8 years ago
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1 Balansekraft fra Norge en god løsning for miljø og klima? Centre for environmental design of renewable energy - CEDREN Atle Harby, leder av CEDREN

2 The Background Climate Change

3 Towards 2020 Implementation of the RES-directive RES generation from 632 TWh in 2010 to 1152 TWh in 2020 Largest increase in Wind - ca 120 GW and 305 TWh Also rapid increase in Solar PV - ca 65 GW og 100 TWh Increase of non-dispatchable power generation (wind, solar PV)

4 Energy scenarios Transmission and distribution infrastructure Energy storage technologies Demand side management Improved forecasting of resource availability Maybe as much as 340 TWh of storage volume and 150 GW of balancing capacity needed in Europe by 2050

5 Main problem with Wind and Solar Power: - Intermittency - Highly variable output - Low predictability - Non-Dispatchable (Germany 2012)

6 RES challenges High Wind power production Nearly no residual load left to conventional power plants But back-up capacity necessary Source: Burger, B. "Electricity production from solar and wind energy in 2012", Fraunhofer ISE, presentation, February, 2013 URL:

7 RES challenges High Photovoltaic production Significant reduction of peak load due to solar power production at noon Source: Burger, B. "Electricity production from solar and wind energy in 2012", Fraunhofer ISE, presentation, February, 2013 URL:

8 RES challenges No production from RES Peak load and nearly whole demand during the week completely covered by conventional power plants Source: Burger, B. "Electricity production from solar and wind energy in 2012", Fraunhofer ISE, presentation, February, 2013 URL:

9 Simulated wind production in the North Sea area in MW installed capacity 90000, MW 80000, , , , , , , ,00 0,00 one year

10 Wind Power North-Sea Region - Jan March MW 7 x 24 h (Wind data 2001) MW MW 7 x 24 h One week balancing means 7 x 24 h Ca MW in 168h GWh energy storage Same as 1000 typical PSH 0 Can Hydropower in Norway supply this storage?

11 Det er stor interesse for Norges blå batteri fra utlandet, spesielt Tyskland som trenger fornybar balansekraft til sin energirevolusjon der de skal bli 80 prosent fornybare.

12 Hydropower supporting other renewables Hydro CEDREN studies in 2011 and 2012: How can Norway contribute?

13 Pumped Storage Hydropower principle Upper reservoir illustration from Statkraft Lower reservoir Underground turbine and pump Reversible pump turbine

14 World electric energy storage installed capacity 2012 Photo:Alstom MW installed capacity

15 Installed PSH world-wide: ~140GW 45 GW 2 GW 22 GW 24 GW 30 GW Under Operation Project stage Courtesy from Rioual, EdF

16 Operational strategies: Typical European Hour of the day

17 Log scale Capital costs per cycle:

18 Future pumped hydropower 140 GW in GW added since projections: GW worldwide Goldistal, Germany's largest PSH, 8 GWh

19 Blåsjø 7.8TWh RESERVOIR sid e 19 19

20 Hydropower in Norway Resource base Water, high head Large natural reservoirs

21 333 Large hydropower stations in Norway

23 Total storage capacity in Norway 84.3 TWh Equivalent to kwh/person

25 Wind and hydropower seems like a good match

26 Indirect storage Norway Generation Demand Export Import Δ Generation - Δ load : = MW of balancing Source: Jan Hystad, Statnett

27 Aurland Tyin CEDREN Case study 2030 Sima Hol Nore Mauranger/Oksla/Tysso Tinnsjø Kvilldal Jøsenfjorden Holen Orknøyene Shetland Lysebotn Tonstad

28 The technical potential

29 The technical potential MW in southern Norway possible

30 Environmental impacts

31 Water level variations

32 Water level variations

33 Social acceptance

34 Natural gas grid today Can we establish a similar electricity grid for exchange?

35 Utfordring: Vise at norsk balansekraft erstatter karbon-intensiv kraftproduksjon Samfunnsaksept for å bruke norske vannkraftmagasin?

36 Uncertain future many scenarios Rapid changes may come ( Fukoshima) Hydro reservoirs = always an excellent energy storage We probably need governmental agreements and new markets Large opportunity for Norway to investigate

Norsk vannkrafts rolle i Europa

Norsk vannkrafts rolle i Europa Tekna Oslo, 28 Apr. 2015 Prof. Magnus Korpås Inst. for elkraftteknikk NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology Norwegian University of Science and Technology