PREVENTION AND INTERVENTION TO SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Transcription

1 DRUG ABUSE AND AWARENESS PREVENTION AND INTERVENTION TO SUBSTANCE ABUSE

2 OVERVIEW STATISTICS OF DRUG ABUSE THE BRAIN DRUG CLASSIFICATIONS LEVELS OF DRUG ABUSE SIGNS PREVENTION TECHNIQUES INTERVENTION TECHNIQUES

3 2012 STATISTICS NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE Percent of high school students who drank alcohol for the first time before age 13 years (other than a few sips) IL 18% compared to US 20% Percent of high school students who ever used marijuana one or more times (during their life) 38% IL compared to 40% US Percent of high school students who ever sniffed glue, breathed the contents of aerosol spray cans, or inhaled any paints or sprays to get high h one or more times (during their life) 10% IL compared to 11% US Kids who learn a lot about the risks of drugs and alcohol from their parents are up to 50% less likely to use than those who do not.

4 NEURONS

5 NEURONS There are about 100 billion neurons in the brain alone allow us to send, receive, and interpret information. Release neurotransmitters (chemicals) and fire when presented with a stimuli. For example, some of the signals that neurotransmitters send cause a feeling of satisfaction or pleasure. These natural rewards are the body's way of making sure we look for more of what makes us feel good. Drugs alter normal brain messages in the regulation of pain, appetite, memory, and mood.

6 WHAT IS DOPAMINE All drugs of abuse overload the body with dopamine. The main neurotransmitter of the "feel-good" message is called dopamine. The effects of drugs on the brain don t just end when the high wears off. Finding ways to satisfy needs and desires is part of life. It's one of the many areas that is being developed during the teen years. When a teen takes drugs, it can interfere with his natural ability to feel good. Because teens are impulsive and seek instant gratification even without being concerned with the consequences, teens are especially vulnerable when it comes to the temptations of drugs and alcohol.

7 DESCRIPTIONS OF DRUG CLASSIFICATIONS Stimulants Depressants Inhalants Opioids Hallucinogens

8 TYPES OF SUBSTANCES STIMULANTS DEPRESSANTS INHALENTS HALLUCINOGENS OPIODS ECSTACY MARIJUANA MARKERS LSD CODINE COCAINE BARBITUATES GLUES KETAMINE VICODIN METHAMPHETAMINE TRANQUALIZERS SPECIAL K HAIR SPRAYS NITROUS OXIDE HYDROCODONE AMPHETAMINES HEROIN CLEANING FLUIDS PCP OXYCODONE METHYLPHENIDATE CODINE PAINT THINNERS MUSHROOMS FENTENYL

9 CONTINUUM OF USE AND INTERVENTIONS HEALTHY BEHAVIOR INITIAL TESTING PERCEIVED BENEFITS OUTWEIGH CONSEQUENCES PATTERN DEVELOPS NORMAL STATE IS UNDER THE INFLUENCE NO USE EXPERIMENTATION PROBLEMATIC USE ABUSE DEPENDENT PREVENTION EDUCATIONAL EARLY MULTIPLE LIFE REVOLVES ACTIVITIES ACTIVITIES INTERVENTION SUBSTANCE USE AROUND USE COUNSELING BEHAVIOR MATCHES USE WITH PEERS PREOCCUPATION WITH USE DAILY PREOCCUPATION PROBLEMS PERSIST (FAMILY, FRIENDS, ETC.) BELIEFS NO IS OK PROBLEMS BEGIN INCREASED CONSEQUENCES

10 CONTINUUM OF USE AND INTERVENTIONS HEALTHY BEHAVIOR INITIAL TESTING PERCIEVED BENEFITS OUTWEIGHT CONSEQUENCES PATTERN DEVELOPS NORMAL STATE IS UNDER THE INFLUENCE KNOW AND BELIEVE CONSEQUENCES USE <5TIMES IGNORE CONSEQUENCES INTERVENTION LEVELS LOW TOLERANCE TAKE GREATER RISKS LEARNS EFFECTS *PREVENTION *EDUCATIONAL *EARLY *OUTPATIENT *INTENSIVE ACTIVITIES ACTIVITIES INTERVENTION COUNSELING TREATMENT OUTPATIENT OR RESIDENTIAL

11 PREVENTING DRUG ABUSE AT EVERY AGE Ages 2-4 Talk to your child about the joys of healthy living. Celebrate your child's decision-making skills. Help your child steer clear of dangerous substances that exist in her immediate world. Turn frustration into a learning opportunity.

12 5-TO-8-YEAR OLDS Still tied to family and eager to please but they're also beginning to explore their individuality. In addition, your grade-schooler begins to spend more time at school and with peers and to collect information from lots of new places like the media and popular culture. Keep your discussions about tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs factual and focused on the present. Talk to your kids about the drug-related messages they receive through advertisements, the news media and entertainment sources. Set clear rules and behave the way you want your kids to behave. Give your kids the power to escape from situations that make them feel bad.

13 YOUR 9 TO 12 YEAR OLD Preteens: They're on a quest to figure out their place in the world. When it comes to the way they view that world, they tend to give their friends' opinions a great deal of power while, at the same time, they're starting to question their parents' views and messages. Your advice may be challenged but it will be heard and will stay with your child much more than he or she will ever admit. Make sure your child knows your rules and that you'll enforce the consequences if rules are broken. Act out scenes with your child where people offer him/her drugs. Tell your child what makes him/her so special. Base drug and alcohol messages on facts, not fear. Preteens aren't concerned with future problems that might result from experimentation with tobacco, alcohol or other drugs, but they are concerned about their appearance sometimes to the point of obsession.

14 YOUR 13 TO 15 YEAR OLD The average age kids try drugs for the first time is 13. So, it s important to stay involved. Young teens may say they don't need your guidance, but they're much more open to it than they'll ever let on. Make sure you talk to them about their choices of friends drug use in teens starts as a social behavior. Make sure your teen knows your rules and the consequences for breaking those rules -- and, most importantly, that you really will enforce those consequences if the rules are broken. Let your teen in on all the things you find wonderful about him. He needs to hear a lot of positive comments about his life and who he is as an individual. Show interest and discuss your child's daily ups and downs. Tell your teen about the negative effect alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs have on physical appearance.

15 YOUR 16 TO 18 YEAR OLD Don t speak generally about drug- and alcohol-use your older teen needs to hear detailed and reality-driven messages. Emphasize what drug use can do to your teen's future. Challenge your child to be a peer leader among his friends and to take personal responsibility for his actions and show others how to do the same. Encourage your teen to volunteer somewhere that he can see the impact of drugs on your community. Use news reports as discussion openers. Compliment your teen for the all the things he does well and for the positive choices he makes.

16 PREVENTION TECHNIQUES Help your teen stay safe and make healthy choices by: Talking and listening regularly. Being directly involved in your child s everyday world. Making it clear that you do not want him or her drinking or using drugs. Setting limits

17 WHAT CAN YOU DO Pick you battles. Your teens friends know who they are and how they interact when together- no need to be nosey just observe. Peer pressure is powerful stuff. Most teens have a hard time resisting it even after they've promised not to use drugs or alcohol. Also, be aware that your child is going through some major physical and hormonal changes. Their moods may vary as they tries to come to terms with their ever-changing body and the onset of puberty. Keep yourself educated on what to expect if you reassure them that nothing is out of the ordinary, your child can relax knowing that what they re going through is normal.

18 SIGNS OF SUBSTANCE USE PHYSICAL SIGNS BEHAVIORAL SIGNS PSYCHOLOGICAL SIGNS Bloodshot eyes, pupils larger or smaller than usual Drop in attendance and performance at work or school Unexplained change in personality or attitude Changes in appetite or sleep patterns. Unexplained need for money or Sudden mood swings, irritability, or Sudden weight loss or weight gain financial problems. May borrow or angry outbursts. steal to get it. Deterioration of physical appearance, personal grooming habits Engaging in secretive or suspicious behaviors Periods of unusual hyperactivity, agitation, or giddiness Unusual smells on breath, body, or clothing Tremors, slurred speech, or impaired Sudden change in friends, favorite hangouts, and hobbies Lack of motivation; appears lethargic or spaced out Frequently getting into trouble (fights, Appears fearful, anxious, or paranoid, coordination accidents, illegal activities) with no reason

19 IF YOU THINK THEY RE USING: Look for the warning signs of drug or alcohol use or addiction. Most of these symptoms tend to be gradual so you need to watch for them over time. Don't jump to conclusions, but do investigate any suspicions you have as fully as possible. Trust your intuition. Talk to your teen about drug abuse without going on the attack.

20 INTERVENTION Even if you believe your child is just experimenting it s important to take action right away. Casual drug use can quickly turn into drug abuse, dependence or addiction and can lead to accidents, legal trouble and serious health issues. If you are at all concerned about your child or even just have a bad feeling you can and should intervene by: Setting tighter limits with clear consequences. Getting outside help and support if necessary. Having productive conversations with your child -- remain calm, share your concerns and listen. Closely monitoring your child's behavior and activities.

21 WHAT ELSE CAN YOU DO? Ask a doctor, mental health professional, or a professional substance abuse counselor for help if your child seems evasive or if his or her explanations are not convincing. This step will help you rule out physical or mental illness. If your child is using, a health professional skilled in diagnosing adolescents with alcohol or drug problems will help you figure out the best addiction intervention program for your teen's needs. Programs for teen drug abuse come in many types including self-help, outpatient, and in-patient. Get your family the help it needs. Consider personal or family counseling. Support groups will help you Get your family the help it needs. Consider personal or family counseling. Support groups will help you move forward and teach you how to help your teen through recovery and into the future and most groups are offered in Spanish.

22 CHICAGO LAKESHORE HOSPITAL Chicago Lakeshore Hospital- (773) Provides free 24 hour substance abuse and mental health assessments. Offers fully comprehensive services to meet the needs of children and adolescents. Services include psychiatric evaluation, medication evaluation, individual, group, and family therapy