APRN Regulation Model: Implications for Public Health Nursing Education

Transcription

1 APRN Regulation Model: Implications for Public Health Nursing Education ACHNE Annual Institute June 10, 2011 Naomi E. Ervin, PhD, RN, PHCNS-BC, FAAN

2 Background The Advanced Practice Registered Nurse(APRN) Alliance: The APRN Consensus Workgroup ( ) worked on a consensus document. The National Council of State Boards of Nursing: The APRN Task Force ( ) produced the Draft NCSBN Vision Paper.

3 Definition of APRN A nurse: who has completed an accredited graduate-level education program preparing him/her for one of the four recognized APRN roles; who has passed a national certification examination that measures APRN role and population-focused competencies and who maintains national recertification in the role and population; who has acquired advanced clinical knowledge and skills preparing him/her to provide direct care to patients, as well as a component of indirect care; however, the defining factor for all APRNs is that a significant component of the education and practice focuses on direct care of individuals.

4 Licensure occurs at Levels of Role & Population Foci APRN REGULATORY MODEL APRN SPECIALTIES Focus of practice beyond role and population focus linked to health care needs Examples include but are not limited to: Oncology, Older Adults, Orthopedics, Nephrology, Palliative Care POPULATION FOCI Family/Individual Across Lifespan Adult- Gerontology* Neonatal Pediatrics Women s Health/Gender - Related Psychiatric- Mental Health** APRN ROLES Nurse Anesthetist Nurse- Midwife Clinical Nurse Specialist+ Nurse Practitioner++

5

6 LACE Model The LACE Model consists of: Licensure Accreditation Certification Education

7 Licensure In order to be licensed, one must meet the criteria as defined for an APRN. Designation on a license would be APRN; one may choose to identify as a CNS or other APRN role on a name tag. The state board would identify a certified nurse in the designated category on its roster.

8 Accreditation As part of the accreditation process, all APRN education programs must undergo a pre-approval, pre-accreditation, or accreditation process prior to admitting students: to ensure that students graduating from the program will be able to meet the education criteria necessary for national certification; and to assure that programs will meet all educational standards prior to starting the program.

9 Certification Certification is the formal recognition of the knowledge and skills demonstrated by the achievement of standards identified by the profession. Can be achieved through certification examination, in combination with portfolio, or some other psychometrically sound and legally defensible mechanism.

10 Education For entry into APRN practice and for regulatory purposes, APRN education must: be formal education with a graduate degree (or post-graduate certificate) that is awarded by an academic institution and accredited by a nursing or nursing related accrediting organization recognized by the U.S. Department of Education (USDE) and/or the Council for Higher Education Accreditation (CHEA); be awarded pre-approval, pre-accreditation, or accreditation status prior to admitting students; be comprehensive and at the graduate level; prepare the graduate to practice in one of the four identified APRN roles; prepare the graduate with the core competencies for one of the APRN roles across at least one of the six population foci;

11 Education cont d include at a minimum, three separate comprehensive graduate-level courses (the APRN Core) in: advanced physiology/pathophysiology, including general principles that apply across the lifespan; advanced health assessment that includes assessment of all human systems, advanced assessment techniques, concepts and approaches; and advanced pharmacology that includes pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacotherapeutics of all broad categories of agents. additional content, specific to the role and population, in these three APRN core areas should be integrated throughout the other role and population didactic and clinical courses;

12 Education cont d provide a basic understanding of the principles for decision making in the identified role; prepare the graduate to assume responsibility and accountability for health promotion and/or maintenance as well as the assessment, diagnosis, and management of patient problems that include the use and prescription of pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions; and ensure clinical and didactic coursework is comprehensive and sufficient to prepare the graduate to practice in the APRN role and population focus.

13 The Clinical Nurse Specialist The CNS has a unique APRN role to integrate care across the continuum and through three spheres of influence: patient, nurse, and system. The three spheres are overlapping and interrelated but each sphere possesses a distinctive focus. In each of the spheres of influence, the primary goal of the CNS is continuous improvement of patient outcomes and nursing care. Key elements of CNS practice are to create environments through mentoring and system changes that empower nurses to develop caring, evidence-based practices to alleviate patient distress, facilitate ethical decision-making, and respond to diversity. The CNS is responsible and accountable for diagnosis and treatment of health/illness states, disease management, health promotion, and prevention of illness and risk behaviors among individuals, families, groups, and communities.

14 Current Certification for PHN Three options: Option A: completed graduate degree in public or community health nursing. May request PHCNS- BC credential if program included 3 Ps and had 500 supervised hours in CNS role. Option B: completed MPH; hold a bachelor s or higher degree in nursing. Option C: hold graduate degree in nursing or related field; complete 2,000 hours of advanced p/chn practice in last 3 years. Expires 12/31/15.

15 Key Issues for PHN Certification CNS has been the advanced practice role for which PHN/CHN students have been prepared and one of the APRN roles. ANCC certification examination for advanced PH/CHN is a CNS role. Two credentials now: APHN-BC: standard credential awarded. PHCNS : grandmothered in; now requires 3 Ps.

16 Approaches Either MSN or DNP. CNL with focus on the community or population. NP: Family Community health Occupational health Pediatrics/school nurse Nurse administration programs with focus on community/population. Certified nurse-midwife with phn preparation. CNS: Family Maternal/child health

17 Future Dialogue Statement(s) from ACHNE, Quad Council. Articles in journals about public health nursing. Editorials and letters to the editor to explain where public health nursing fits in keeping the public healthy.

18 Questions and (with or without) Answers