Latham & Watkins Environment, Land & Resources
|
|
- Merry Summers
- 8 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Number 1315 April 5, 2012 Client Alert In limiting for the first time GHG emissions from new EGUs and particularly in requiring a single standard regardless of fuel choice the performance standard recently proposed by EPA includes a number of potentially significant issues for participants in the US power sector. Latham & Watkins Environment, Land & Resources EPA Proposes Greenhouse Gas Performance Standards for New Fossil Fuel-Fired Power Plants On March 27, 2012, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released a prepublication version of a proposed rule to establish, for the first time, a new source performance standard (NSPS) for greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) from fossil fuel-fired electric generating units (EGUs). The proposed rule, to which EPA committed under a settlement with a group of states and environmental organizations, 1 requires new fossil fuel-fired power plants to meet an output-based standard of 1,000 pounds of carbon dioxide per megawatt-hour of electricity generated (pounds CO 2 /MWh). While the settlement called for EPA to propose standards governing both new and existing sources, EPA s proposed rule covers only GHGs from new sources; it also exempts new simple cycle plants and so-called transitional plants that have permits and will commence construction within the next 12 months. A separate settlement also requires EPA to develop performance standards for GHGs from refineries; 2 these standards are not included in the proposed rule. Overview of the Proposed Rule Under the proposed rule, which would amend 40 C.F.R. Part 60, new fossil fuelfired EGUs larger than 25 megawatts would be required to limit emissions to 1,000 pounds CO 2 /MWh on an average annual basis, subject to certain exceptions. The proposed rule would not apply to transitional sources (i.e., those that have construction permits in place and that commence construction within 12 months of publication of the proposed rule), new simple cycle EGUs, modifications to or reconstructions of existing units, new units located in noncontinental areas, including Hawaii and the territories, nor to existing EGUs. In addition, biomass-only facilities would not be subject to the proposed regulations, nor would biomass-fired boilers that co-fire with less than 250 MMBtu/h of any fossil fuel. EPA s proposed standard covers both coal and natural gas plants, but it leaves only the thinnest reed of opportunity for new coal-fired plants the option to meet the natural gas-based performance level by averaging emissions over a 30-year period. Somewhat surprisingly, given statutory direction to consider cost and effect on the overall energy system, the proposed rule does not contain any other mechanism that would allow for greater compliance flexibility, including averaging, banking and trading of emissions credits, or the ability to credit other investments, including lowcarbon renewable energy investment or demand-side energy efficiency improvements. Latham & Watkins operates worldwide as a limited liability partnership organized under the laws of the State of Delaware (USA) with affiliated limited liability partnerships conducting the practice in the United Kingdom, France, Italy and Singapore and as affiliated partnerships conducting the practice in Hong Kong and Japan. Latham & Watkins practices in Saudi Arabia in association with the Law Office of Mohammed A. Al-Sheikh. In Qatar, Latham & Watkins LLP is licensed by the Qatar Financial Centre Authority. Under New York s Code of Professional Responsibility, portions of this communication contain attorney advertising. Prior results do not guarantee a similar outcome. Results depend upon a variety of factors unique to each representation. Please direct all inquiries regarding our conduct under New York s Disciplinary Rules to Latham & Watkins LLP, 885 Third Avenue, New York, NY , Phone: Copyright 2012 Latham & Watkins. All Rights Reserved.
2 The standard contained in the proposed rule explicitly is based on the performance of natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) units, 3 which EPA defines as the best system of emission reduction (BSER). The standard would permit the construction of new coal-, coal refuse-, oil- and petroleum coke-fired boilers and IGCC units, but only if they utilize carbon capture and sequestration (CCS), 4 effectively banning conventional coalfired plants that do not incorporate these technologies. Because of the 30-year emissions averaging provision, however, it is possible for coal-fired EGUs without CCS to be constructed and operate for up to 10 years, so long as they meet stringent near-term performance standards, as noted below, and incorporate emissions reductions technologies in a timeframe that allows them to comply with the emissions limits over a 30-year period. While some participants in EPA s listening sessions urged EPA to define BSER on a fuelspecific basis so as to preserve national fuel diversity and advance other important interests, EPA rejected this approach in favor of a standard based on the current emissions profile of NGCC units. As part of the rulemaking process, EPA will accept public comment on the proposed rule for 60 days following publication in the Federal Register. EPA also announced that it will hold public hearings on the proposed rule, and that comments made during these public meetings will be included as part of the rulemaking record. Background of EPA s Development of Performance Standards for GHGs General Framework for Performance Standards Under the Clean Air Act Section 111 of the Clean Air Act (CAA) 5 grants EPA the authority to establish standards governing the emission of air pollutants from stationary sources. Specifically, Section 111(b) requires EPA to develop performance standards for any source which the EPA Administrator finds causes, or contributes significantly to, air pollution which may reasonably be anticipated to endanger public health or welfare. 6 Section 111 of the CAA requires that these performance standards adopt the best system of emission reduction which (taking into account the cost of achieving such reduction and any nonair quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements) the Administrator determines has been adequately demonstrated. 7 EPA has promulgated NSPS for EGUs covering a range of pollutants; such regulations are codified at 40 C.F.R Part 60. The statutory requirements governing EPA s rulemaking authority under the CAA specifically require EPA to consider the costs of regulation, including a requirement that, [b]efore publication of notice of proposed rulemaking with respect to any standard or regulation to which this section applies, the Administrator shall prepare an economic impact assessment respecting such standard or regulation. 8 This economic impact assessment shall be as extensive as practicable, 9 and shall contain an analysis of the costs of compliance, the potential inflationary or recessionary effects, the effects on competition with respect to small business, the effects on consumer costs, and the effects on energy use. 10 How We Got Here: EPA s Process of Developing Performance Standards for GHGs In February 2006, EPA published a final rule including amendments to the NSPS for EGUs. 11 A group of states and environmental organizations challenged EPA s decision not to include standards of performance for GHG emissions as part of the 2006 rulemaking. 12 In 2007, following the Supreme Court s 2 Number 1315 April 5, 2012
3 decision in Massachusetts v. EPA, 13 in which the Court found that GHGs fit the definition of an air pollutant under the CAA, EPA sought remand of the 2006 rulemaking in order to reexamine the issue of whether the NSPS for EGUs should include performance standards for GHGs. In 2009, EPA issued an Endangerment Finding, 14 providing the legal justification for subsequent rulemakings relating to GHG emissions. 15 In December 2010, EPA entered into a proposed settlement with the states and environmental petitioners whereby the Agency agreed to issue a proposed rule by July 26, 2011 proposing standards of performance for GHGs for new and modified EGUs, as well as for existing sources under Section 111(d) of the CAA. EPA also agreed to adopt a final rule including performance standards for GHGs no later than May 26, EPA entered into a similar settlement agreement in December of 2010 for certain refinery sources, but subject to a slightly longer time frame. Following the settlement agreements, EPA held a series of five listening sessions between February 4, 2011 and March 4, 2011 to obtain stakeholder input on the design of the performance standards for GHG emissions from EGUs and refineries. In June 2011, the parties agreed to extend the deadline for the proposed rule to September 30, On September 15, 2011, EPA said it needed more time. The environmental petitioners initially threatened litigation, but then agreed not to sue under the Settlement Agreement until November EPA s release of its proposed new source rule last week ends a lengthy review by the White House and a period of significant anticipation regarding the content of the proposal. Key Elements of Proposed Performance Standard Standard The proposed performance standard requires all new fossil fuel-fired EGUs to meet the demonstrated performance of NGCC units, and proposes an electricity-output-based standard of 1,000 pounds CO 2 /MWh, regardless of what specific type of fossil fuel is used to generate power, though EPA is taking comment on a range from 950 1,100 pounds CO 2 /MWh. 16 Rather than adopting fuel-based standards that would impose different performance standards for different fuels, EPA instead takes a functional approach, seeking to ensure that all new fossil fuel-fired electricity generating units that meet specified minimum criteria will be subject to the same requirements, and therefore will be treated alike because they serve the same function, that is to serve baseload or intermediate demand. 17 As such, EPA is not proposing any subcategories for new affected sources, 18 and no averaging or emissions trading among affected sources is allowed under the proposed rule. 19 The proposed rule creates a new category TTTT for the purposes of GHG emissions which combines the electric utility steam generating units currently included in the Da category and combined cycle units currently included in the KKKK category. 20 Except for the relief provided to transitional sources (discussed below), the performance standard will be effective upon publication of the proposed rule in the Federal Register. 21 While the standard as proposed is output-based, the proposed rule also suggests that EPA ultimately may pursue a standard based on net power ultimately delivered to the end user. EPA states that [a]lthough we have proposed gross output-based emission standards, the EPA believes that the net power supplied to the end user is a better indicator of environmental performance than gross output from the power producer. Reasons for using net output include 1) recognizing the efficiency gains of selecting EGU designs and control equipment that require less auxiliary power, 2) selecting fuels that require less emissions control equipment, and 3) recognizing the environmental benefit of higher efficiency motors, pumps, and fans. 3 Number 1315 April 5, 2012
4 . Further, monitoring net output for new and reconstructed facilities can be designed into the facility at low costs. Thus, we are requesting comment on the use of net output-based emission standards for owners/operators of new facilities. 22 Alternate Compliance Option The proposed rule also includes an alternative compliance option that would allow for the averaging of emissions from coal- and petroleum coke-fired EGUs over a 30-year period. Under this option, EGUs must limit their CO 2 emissions to 1,800 pounds/ MWh on a 12-month annual average basis for up to 10 years before installing CCS capabilities. 23 No later than the beginning of the 11th year of plant operation, however, the EGU must meet a reduced CO 2 emission limit of no more than 600 pounds CO 2 / MWh on a 12-month annual average basis for the remaining 20 years of the 30-year period, for total average annual emissions that meet the proposed performance standard of 1,000 pounds CO 2 /MWh. 24 EPA adopted the 1,800 pounds CO 2 /MWh standard available to coal-fired EGUs during their first ten years of operation as the BSER 25 and asserts that the standard can be met by coal-fired facilities using supercritical steam conditions, IGCC facilities and pressurized circulated fluidized bed (CFB) boilers, 26 that this technology is available and being deployed in Europe and Asia, 27 and that it offers much more efficient operation than the subcritical boilers that have been the standard in the US. 28 EPA also is seeking comment on whether to allow an EGU to select an emission trajectory other than that included as the alternate compliance option but which would result in the same 30-year average of 1,000 pounds CO 2 /MWh. One issue that remains unresolved in the proposed rule is the implications of a new coal-fired EGU which elects to use the 30-year alternative compliance option and secures a Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) permit on that basis, but which fails to install CCS by year 11, or where the carbon capture system installed fails to meet the emissions reductions necessary to average 1,000 pounds CO 2 /MWh over the 30-year timeframe. Applicability As noted above, the proposed rule applies only to fossil fuel-fired EGUs, 29 and does not apply to biomass-fired units or those involving biomass co-fired with up to 250 MMBtu/h of any fossil fuel. 30 Municipal waste combustor units subject to subpart Eb and commercial and industrial solid waste incineration units subject to subpart CCCC also are exempt, 31 as are transitional sources, 32 which the proposed rule defines as coal-fired power plants that, by the date of this proposal, have received approval for their PSD preconstruction permits that meet CAA PSD requirements (or that have approved PSD permits that expired and are in the process of being extended, if those sources are participating in a Department of Energy CCS funding program), and that commence construction within a year of the date of this proposal. 33 The Proposed Rule incorporates by reference the standard definition of commence construction in the current NSPS regulations. 34 As such, EPA s prior pronouncements on this test should remain relevant for determining the applicability of the NSPS for GHGs to transitional sources. EPA s Cost Assessment EPA based its cost assessment on the assumption that NGCC will be the predominant choice for new fossil fuelfired generation even absent this rule 35 and that because NGCC emits the least amount of CO 2 and does so at the least cost, NGCC qualifies as the BSER under the CAA. 36 Furthermore, EPA s base case analysis does not project any new coal-fired EGUs without CCS to be built in the absence of this proposal through EPA further notes that while CCS would add considerably to the 4 Number 1315 April 5, 2012
5 costs of a new coal-fired power plant, there are sources of funding available to support the deployment of CCS. 38 EPA also stated its expectation that the costs of CCS will decline in the future as CCS matures and is utilized more widely. 39 On the basis of these assumptions, EPA declared that because the [Integrated Planning Model] modeling shows that natural gas-fired plants are the facilities of choice, the proposed standard of performance in today s rulemaking which is based on the emission rate of a new NGCC unit does not add costs, 40 will not impose costs by 2030, 41 and that even under a scenario involving increased future natural gas prices and increased future electric demand, we do not project that this proposed rule will impose notable costs upon sources. 42 EPA stated that it intends to use the eight-year review of the performance standards required under CAA Section 111(b)(1)(B) to review the availability and cost of CCS. 43 Monitoring, testing and other requirements For EGUs meeting the primary performance standard of 1,000 pounds CO 2 /MWh, as well as those EGUs using the 30-year averaging compliance option, the proposed rule also imposes a number of additional monitoring, testing, recordkeeping and reporting obligations. In the proposed rule, EPA is requiring that EGUs install a CO 2 mass rate Continuous Emissions Monitoring System (CEMS) in accordance with a site-specific monitoring plan, and that the CEMS be installed and certified in accordance with the schedule included in 40 CFR part 75, section 75.4(b). 44 In addition, EPA proposed that EGUs be tested beginning in the month following initial certification of the CO 2 and flow rate monitoring CEMS to demonstrate compliance with the CO 2 emissions limits consistent with the performance testing requirements in the CAA Section 111 regulatory general provisions and CEMS certification requirements. 45 EPA also proposed that the owners and operators of a new EGU be required: (i) to comply with the notification and recordkeeping requirements in the CAA Section 111 regulatory general provisions; (ii) to report results of performance testing and excess emissions; and (iii) to record and maintain hourly average CO 2 emissions concentration, hourly average flow rate, and hourly useful electrical generation. 46 Extending the Tailoring Rule to PSD as triggered by EPA s NSPS As EPA recognizes in its proposal, its adoption of NSPS for EGUs independently triggers PSD applicability under its existing regulations. 47 EPA confirms that it intended for its Tailoring Rule actions to cover the NSPS trigger to an equal extent as the initial regulatory trigger, the promulgation of its motor vehicle standards for GHGs. To ensure that the Tailoring Rule protections extend to authorized state as well as EPA PSD permitting, EPA directs the states to examine the manner in which they previously incorporated the Tailoring Rule into their applicable state implementation plans and to take any necessary corrective actions. 48 It also states an intention to revise the NSPS regulations, although it is not readily apparent where they have done so. Paradoxically, EPA elects not to amend its PSD regulations, which surely would have been the most direct corrective route. 49 Unresolved issues and possible litigation challenges Two issues covered in the settlement agreements are not included in the proposed rule: (i) extending performance standards or guidelines to cover existing sources under Section 111(d) of the CAA; and (ii) proposing performance standards for GHG emissions from refineries. In addition, as noted above, modifications to existing sources, which are traditionally included as new sources, also are exempt from the emission limits contained in the proposed rule. Notwithstanding some soft-pedaling by the Administrator and other EPA personnel contemporaneous with the release of the proposal, the proposal itself makes it abundantly 5 Number 1315 April 5, 2012
6 clear that the agency will establish requirements for existing EGUs in the not-too-distant future. The proposal s 16 references to CAA Section 111(d) emphasize the importance of the existing source program, which, whether measured by the number of sources it will affect or by the relative scale of the emission reductions it will achieve, will dwarf the new source proposal just released. Specifically, the Agency believes it has an obligation to develop section 111(d) guidelines for existing sources and sees ultimate coverage of the sources in question as inevitable. 50 While it is unlikely that EPA will propose existing source requirements or guidelines before the upcoming election, it likely will continue active consideration of possible existing source program options. We can expect the petitioners to continue to prod EPA in this direction. Other potential issues contained in the proposed rule that might be subject to litigation include: whether EPA can rely on its prior 2006 finding that EGUs contribute significantly to air pollution which endangers public health or welfare or whether it must make a fresh cause or contribute finding for EGU GHG emissions; whether EPA may determine BSER based on demonstrated technology for only one of two fuels covered by the regulated category in reliance on current and projected economic considerations, particularly when the effect of such a selective determination has the practical effect of nullifying or severely restricting future fuel choice; whether requiring the adoption of supercritical steam conditions, IGCC facilities and pressurized CFB boilers under the alternate compliance option is consistent with BSER; the permissibility of EPA s stated intention 51 that its treatment of transitional and non-transitional sources be severable from each other; and whether EPA s cost assessment methodology is legitimate. Finally, a number of other issues remain unresolved or wholly unaddressed under the proposed rule. Some of the most noteworthy of these issues include the relationship between the GHG performance standards and the designation of best available control technology (BACT) for regulated pollutants, which as defined cannot exceed the emissions allowed by any performance standard under Section EPA and authorized state permitting authorities would be well advised simply to use the performance standard to define or satisfy BACT for new sources, an option that would eliminate the potential for conflicting limits while satisfying the statutory definition of BACT. A second unresolved issue involves whether and to what extent EPA will treat state and regional GHG emission reduction initiatives, such as California s AB 32 and the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI), as equivalent to future EPA 111(d) performance requirements or state guidelines. A broad equivalency approach for its existing source program could enable EPA indirectly to address aspects of the broader, interconnected energy system that it neglects in its narrow new source proposal, such as renewable energy generation, waste-toenergy sustainability measures, energy storage and demand side efficiency opportunities. Finally, EPA may wish to reconsider the value of setting a coalspecific performance standard if such an alternative approach would lessen the risk of leakage due to the increased export and combustion of coal outside the United States. Conclusion In limiting for the first time GHG emissions from new EGUs and particularly in requiring a single standard regardless of fuel choice the performance standard recently proposed by EPA includes a number of potentially significant issues for participants in the US power sector. Those interested in participating in the rulemaking process on the proposed performance standards have 60 days following the publication of the proposed rule in the Federal Register to submit their comments to EPA. The docket for the proposed rule is EPA-HQ-OAR Number 1315 April 5, 2012
7 Endnotes 1 Notice of EPA s proposed settlement with the States and environmental organizations was published in the Federal Register as Proposed Settlement Agreement, Clean Air Act Citizen Suit, 75 Fed. Reg. 82,392 (Dec. 30, 2010). 2 EPA, Proposed Settlement Agreement, 75 Fed. Reg. 82,390 (Dec. 30, 2010). 3 See Proposed Rule at U.S.C to 7671q U.S.C. 7411(v)(1)(A) U.S.C. 7411(a)(1) U.S.C. 7617(b) U.S.C. 7617(d) U.S.C. 7617(c). 11 EPA, Standards of Performance for Electric Utility Steam Generating Units, Industrial- Commercial- Institutional Steam Generating Units, and Small Industrial-Commercial-Institutional Steam Generating Units, 71 Fed. Ref (Feb. 27, 2006). 12 State of New York, et al. v. EPA, No (D.C. Cir.). 13 Massachusetts v. EPA, 549 U.S. 497 (2007). 14 EPA, Endangerment and Cause or Contribute Findings for Greenhouse Gases Under Section 202(a) of the Clean Air Act, 74 Fed. Reg (Dec. 15, 2009). 15 In addition to the performance standard announced on March 27, 2012, EPA has also issued a number of other rulemakings relating to GHGs, including the Reporting Rule (see EPA, Reporting of Greenhouse Gases; Final Rule, 74 Fed. Reg. 56,260 (Oct. 30, 2009); the Tailoring Rule (EPA, Prevention of Significant Deterioration and Title V Greenhouse Gas Tailoring Rule; Final Rule, 75 Fed. Reg. 31,514 (June 3, 2010) ); the Tailpipe Rule (see EPA and U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Light-Duty Vehicle Greenhouse Gas Emission Standards and Corporate Average Fuel Economy Standards; Final Rule, 75 Fed. Reg. 25,324 (May 7, 2010); and others. 16 Proposed Rule at at at at at 71-72; see also 42 U.S.C. 7411(a)(2) (defining a new source as any stationary source, the construction or modification of which is commenced after publication of regulations (or, if early, proposed regulations) prescribing a standard of performance. ). 22 at at at at at at Fossil fuel is defined to include natural gas, petroleum, coal, and any form of solid, liquid, or gaseous fuel derived from such material for the purpose of creating useful heat. Proposed Rule at 233; proposed 40 CFR Proposed Rule at at 233; proposed (b) Proposed Rule at 154; see also proposed 40 CFR (b)(3)(ii) (defining transitional source as an EGU that received a complete permit that meets the requirements of the Prevention of Significant Deterioration Program under part C of Title I of the Clean Air Act prior to [INSERT DATE OF THIS PROPOSED RULE IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER] (or that had an approved PSD permit that has expired and is in the process of being extended, if the source is participating in a Department of Energy CCS funding program). ). 34 See Proposed Rule at 45; proposed 40 CFR Proposed Rule at at at at at at at at at EPA also seeks comment on the appropriateness of applying the backup monitor requirements in 40 CFR part 75.10(e) and the missing data procedures in 40 CFR part 75, sections through 75.37, among others. 45 at (citing 40 CFR parts 60.8 and 75.4(b)). 7 Number 1315 April 5, 2012
8 46 at 91 (citing 40 CFR part 60, subpart A). 47 at 189 et seq. As discussed therein, EPA has interpreted the statutory phrase major emitting source as a major stationary source, which is a stationary source that emits or has the potential to emit 100 or 250 tons per year of any regulated new source review (NSR) pollutant. EPA regulations, 40 CFR (b) (49), define regulated NSR pollutant according to four distinct contexts, one of which is the promulgation of NSPS. EPA s Tailoring Rule specifically addressed a separate trigger (the motor vehicle GHG regulation). 48 EPA also commits to taking any further regulatory action to correct state SIPs as necessary. See id. at pages at at at 164, fn U.S.C. 7479(3). If you have any questions about this Client Alert, please contact one of the authors listed below or the Latham attorney with whom you normally consult: Robert A. Wyman robert.wyman@lw.com Los Angeles Joshua T. Bledsoe joshua.bledsoe@lw.com Orange County Daniel C. Scripps daniel.scripps@lw.com Washington, D.C. 8 Number 1315 April 5, 2012
9 Client Alert is published by Latham & Watkins as a news reporting service to clients and other friends. The information contained in this publication should not be construed as legal advice. Should further analysis or explanation of the subject matter be required, please contact the attorney with whom you normally consult. A complete list of our Client Alerts can be found on our website at If you wish to update your contact details or customize the information you receive from Latham & Watkins, please visit to subscribe to our global client mailings program. Abu Dhabi Barcelona Beijing Boston Brussels Chicago Doha Dubai Frankfurt Hamburg Hong Kong Houston London Los Angeles Madrid Milan Moscow Munich New Jersey New York Orange County Paris Riyadh* Rome San Diego San Francisco Shanghai Silicon Valley Singapore Tokyo Washington, D.C. * In association with the Law Office of Mohammed A. Al-Sheikh 9 Number 1315 April 5, 2012
Client Alert. Accountants and Auditors as SEC Whistleblowers. Categories of Persons Eligible or Not Eligible for SEC Whistleblower Awards
Number 1462 February 5, 2013 Client Alert Latham & Watkins Litigation Department Accountants and Auditors as SEC Whistleblowers Nearly every public company and financial industry firm subject to the enforcement
More informationClient Alert. New Treasury Regulations Put Issuers at Increased Risk for Cancellation of Indebtedness Income in Debt-for-Debt Exchanges.
Number 1399 September 20, 2012 Client Alert Latham & Watkins Tax Department New Treasury Regulations Put Issuers at Increased Risk for Cancellation of Indebtedness Income in Debt-for-Debt Exchanges In
More informationLatham & Watkins Litigation Antitrust & Competition
Number 1040 9 June 2010 Client Alert Latham & Watkins Litigation Antitrust & Competition New Antitrust Rules for the Motor Vehicle Sector Challenges Ahead for Car Manufacturers, Dealers, Spare Parts Suppliers
More informationLatham & Watkins Corporate Department
Number 990 February 23, 2010 Client Alert Latham & Watkins Corporate Department New Regulations Issued to Implement Incentives for Meaningful Use of Electronic Health Records The CMS and ONC regulations
More informationAuthors: The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009: A Guide for State and Local Governments
Latham & Watkins LLP As of February 2009 Authors: Stuart S. Kurlander +1.202.637.2169 Edward W. Correia +1.202.637.2220 Gabriel K. Bell* +1.202.637.2227 www.lw.com Copyright 2009 Latham & Watkins. All
More informationClient Alert. Overview. Background. The Treasury Determination adds to a growing body of law applicable to foreign exchange derivatives.
Number 1468 February 13, 2013 Client Alert Latham & Watkins Corporate Department Regulation of Foreign Currency Transactions: The Intersection of the Treasury Determination, Swaps Regulation and the Retail
More informationClient Alert. New Treasury Regulations Make it Easier to Issue Tack-On Bonds or Loans. But New FATCA Regulations Add Complexity.
Number 1417 October 6, 2015 Client Alert Latham & Watkins Corporate & Tax Departments New Treasury Regulations Make it Easier to Issue Tack-On Bonds or Loans But New FATCA Regulations Add Complexity The
More informationClient Alert. Proposed Revisions to Regulations for Eagle Take Permits Hold Promise of Greater Take Authorization for Renewable Energy Developers
Number 1361 July 9, 2012 Client Alert Latham & Watkins Environmental, Land & Resources Department Proposed Revisions to Regulations for Eagle Take Permits Hold Promise of Greater Take Authorization for
More informationClient Alert. Online Gambling: Is Now the Time to Enter the German Market? The current legal framework in 15 out of the 16 German States
Number 1299 1 March 2012 Client Alert Latham & Watkins Corporate Department Online Gambling: Is Now the Time to Enter the German Market? Providers may consider taking the opportunity in Schleswig- Holstein
More informationLatham & Watkins Finance Department. Amended Bankruptcy Rule 2019: Clarity and Confusion?
Number 1261 December 1, 2011 Client Alert Latham & Watkins Finance Department... a failure of an entity, group or committee to comply with Amended Rule 2019 could cause serious repercussions... the court
More informationClient Alert. The purpose of Form PF is to provide federal regulators with data to aid in monitoring systemic risks to the US financial markets.
Number 1472 February 20, 2013 Client Alert Latham & Watkins Corporate Department Form PF Reference Guide Registered investment advisers who have not previously filed Form PF should be preparing to file
More informationJONES DAY WHITE PAPER
February 2014 JONES DAY WHITE PAPER Review Of Epa Authority For Upcoming Rules For Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Electric Power Plants The Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA ) has proposed regulations
More informationClient Alert. IRS Targets Colleges and Universities in New Compliance Initiative. Background. Matters Under Review
Number 754 October 20, 2008 Client Alert Latham & Watkins Tax Department IRS Targets Colleges and Universities in New Compliance Initiative The US colleges and universities in receipt of a compliance questionnaire
More informationLatham & Watkins Health Care Practice
Number 928 September 9, 2009 Client Alert Latham & Watkins Health Care Practice Violation of this rule will be treated by the FTC as an unfair or deceptive act in violation of the Federal Trade Commission
More informationLatham & Watkins Corporate Department
Number 833 March 16, 2009 Client Alert Latham & Watkins Corporate Department Contracting Models for Systems Integration Projects to Meet the Challenges of ehealth A careful selection of the contracting
More informationLatham & Watkins Benefits & Compensation Practice
Number 758 30 October 2008 Client Alert Latham & Watkins Benefits & Compensation Practice Underwater Options in the UK Can We Throw Them a Lifeline? Companies incorporated in the United Kingdom which are
More informationENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY. 40 CFR Part 52. [EPA-R06-OAR-2015-0783; FRL-9940-79-Region 6]
This document is scheduled to be published in the Federal Register on 01/11/2016 and available online at http://federalregister.gov/a/2015-33098, and on FDsys.gov 6560-50-P ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
More informationEPA Clean Power Plan and Impact on Texas and the Country. Scott D. Deatherage 214-999-4979 sdeatherage@gardere.com
EPA Clean Power Plan and Impact on Texas and the Country Scott D. Deatherage 214-999-4979 sdeatherage@gardere.com United Nations 21 st Conference of the Parties United Nations Meeting on Climate Change
More informationMethane Emissions and Colorado Coal Mines
Colorado PUC E-Filings System Methane Emissions and Colorado Coal Mines Will Allison, Director Air Pollution Control Division 7/6/2012 Colorado PUC, CIM, 7/9/2013 1 GHG GWP and CO2e Global Warming Potential
More informationClient Alert. After the Fiscal Cliff: Credit Facilities for Emerging Companies What to Look for at the Term Sheet Stage
Number 1475 February 25, 2013 Client Alert Latham & Watkins Finance and Corporate Departments After the Fiscal Cliff: Credit Facilities for Emerging Companies What to Look for at the Term Sheet Stage As
More informationClient Alert. The Impact of CDS on Restructurings. Influence of CDS Holders Truvo and SEAT. Carrying out a restructuring of
Number 1152 24 February 2011 Client Alert Latham & Watkins Finance Department The Impact of CDS on Restructurings Carrying out a restructuring of obligations against which CDS has been issued can be extremely
More informationHow to Achieve improvements in GHG Regulation
1 Cost effective, common sense approaches to GHG regulation, leading to technology improvements. Implementation and measurement will happen at the regional level, especially for stationary sources and
More informationThe Final Municipal Advisor Rule: Navigating the Minefield
Latham & Watkins Financial Institutions Regulatory Practice Number 1614 November 22, 2013 The Final Municipal Advisor Rule: Navigating the Minefield While the final rule narrows the scope and reach of
More informationState of Colorado Comments Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2009-0234 and Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2011-0044
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency EPA Docket Center (EPA/DC) Mail Code: 2822T 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., N.W. Washington, DC 20460 RE: State of Colorado Comments Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2009-0234 and
More informationLatham & Watkins Litigation Department
Number 592 April 23, 2007 Client Alert Latham & Watkins Litigation Department Japanese Authorities Amend Consumer Products Safety Law to Require Manufacturers, Importers and Retailers to Disclose Accident
More informationRESPONSE OF THE UTILITY AIR REGULATORY GROUP TO EPA S CONSIDERATIONS IN THE DESIGN OF A PROGRAM TO REDUCE CARBON POLLUTION FROM EXISTING POWER PLANTS
Introduction RESPONSE OF THE UTILITY AIR REGULATORY GROUP TO EPA S CONSIDERATIONS IN THE DESIGN OF A PROGRAM TO REDUCE CARBON POLLUTION FROM EXISTING POWER PLANTS October 2013 On September 23, 2013, the
More informationAuthors: The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009: A Guide for State and Local Governments
Latham & Watkins LLP As of February 2009 Authors: Stuart S. Kurlander +1.202.637.2169 Edward W. Correia +1.202.637.2220 Gabriel K. Bell* +1.202.637.2227 www.lw.com Copyright 2009 Latham & Watkins. All
More informationComments on EPA s Proposed Carbon Pollution Emission Guidelines for Existing Sources
Michael S. McWaters Executive Vice President & CEO December 1, 2014 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Air and Radiation Submitted Electronically to Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2013-0602 Comments
More informationOIG Provides Guidance on Internet Advertising Under the Anti-Kickback Law
NUMBER 230 FROM THE LATHAM & WATKINS HEALTH CARE PRACTICE GROUP BULLETIN NO. 230 OCTOBER 25, 2002 OIG Provides Guidance on Internet Advertising Under the Anti-Kickback Law This Advisory Opinion offers
More informationCFTC Issues Guidance, Exemptions In Advance of SEF Rule Compliance Date
Latham & Watkins Derivatives Practice Number 1594 October 17, 2013 CFTC Issues Guidance, Exemptions In Advance of SEF Rule Compliance Date Staff responds to industry concerns and confusion surrounding
More informationPublic Comment to EPA on New Stationary Sources Rule Sam Batkins and Catrina Rorke Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2013-0495 May 9, 2014
Public Comment to EPA on New Stationary Sources Rule Sam Batkins and Catrina Rorke Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2013-0495 May 9, 2014 Introduction We appreciate the opportunity to comment on the Environmental
More informationIRS Proposes Significant Changes to Rules for Allocating
Latham & Watkins Tax Department Number 1644 February 6, 2014 IRS Proposes Significant Changes to Rules for Allocating Partnership Liabilities Proposed Regulations seek to curtail perceived abuses, including
More informationLatham & Watkins Corporate Department. The Codification of GAAP. Be Careful What You Wish For
Number 949 October 28, 2009 Client Alert Latham & Watkins Corporate Department The Codification of GAAP... the benefits of the Codification are capable of outweighing the inconveniences associated with
More informationSite Identification No.: 197809AAO Application No.: 15030051
Project Summary for a Construction Permit Application from Midwest Generation for a Natural Gas Conversion Project for the Joliet Electric Generating Station Joliet, Illinois Site Identification No.: 197809AAO
More informationConnecting to Remote Desktop Services on an ipad
Connecting to Remote Desktop Services on an ipad Remote Access To connect to Remote Desktop Services (RDS) on an ipad: Download and install Cisco AnyConnect Secure Mobility Client and PocketCloud Configure
More informationPerspective of 18 States on Greenhouse Gas Emission Performance Standards. for Existing Sources under 111(d) of the Clean Air Act.
Perspective of 18 States on Greenhouse Gas Emission Performance Standards for Existing Sources under 111(d) of the Clean Air Act. Introduction As State Attorneys General, we believe it is critical to bring
More informationArticleReprint With our compliments
ArticleReprint With our compliments HIPAA Issues in Health Care Transactions By W. Andrew H. Gantt, III, and Anthony B. Casarona Reprinted from CCH, Inc. CCH Health Care Compliance Letter Volume 8, Issue
More informationThe State of New Jersey, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection
STUART RABNER ATTORNEY GENERAL OF NEW JERSEY R.J. Hughes Justice Complex 25 Market Street PO Box 093 Trenton, NJ 08625-0093 Attorney for Plaintiff State of New Jersey, New Jersey Department of Environmental
More informationStructuring Power Plant Emissions Standards Under Section 111(d) of the Clean Air Act Standards for Existing Power Plants
Structuring Power Plant Emissions Standards Under Section 111(d) of the Clean Air Act Standards for Existing Power Plants October 2013 M. J. Bradley & Associates LLC 1 Foreword The electric power industry
More information10 Facts About the Affordable Care Act and Worker Classification
Latham & Watkins Tax Controversy Practice Number 1611 November 18, 2013 10 Facts About the Affordable Care Act and Worker Classification Businesses subject to the Affordable Care Act s shared responsibility
More informationInvestment Treaty Arbitration: A Primer
Latham & Watkins International Arbitration Practice Number 1563 July 29, 2013 Investment Treaty Arbitration: A Primer International investors enjoy varying degrees of protection and opportunities to seek
More informationMATS and Boiler Rules
em feature MATS and Boiler Rules Practical, Data-Driven Standards by Gina McCarthy Gina McCarthy is Assistant Administrator for Air and Radiation at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The U.S. Environmental
More informationEPA s Clean Power Plan
EPA s Clean Power Plan Basics and Implications of the Proposed CO 2 Emissions Standard on Existing Fossil Units under CAA Section 111(d) PRESENTED TO Goldman Sachs Power, Utilities, MLP and Pipeline Conference
More informationEPA Greenhouse Gas Performance Standards: What the Settlement Agreement Means
Date Issue Brief # ISSUE BRIEF EPA Greenhouse Gas Performance Standards: What the Settlement Agreement Means Nathan Richardson February 2011 Issue Brief 11 02 Resources for the Future Resources for the
More informationFSOC Proposes Rules for Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve s Supervision of Nonbank Financial Companies. October 20, 2011
FSOC Proposes Rules for Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve s Supervision of Nonbank Financial Companies October 20, 2011 On October 11, the Financial Stability Oversight Council (the Council) released
More informationAir Permitting in Colorado. Martha Hyder Wind River Environmental Group LLC September 2013
Air Permitting in Colorado Martha Hyder Wind River Environmental Group LLC September 2013 Overview O Background (pollutants) O Federal permitting regulations O Colorado permitting regulations O Colorado
More informationLatham & Watkins Finance Department. A New Era of Financial Regulation: Dodd-Frank Act to Become Law
Number 1057 July 20, 2010 Client Alert Latham & Watkins Finance Department A New Era of Financial Regulation: Dodd-Frank Act to Become Law Although the Act makes many notable changes to the system of financial
More informationHouston-Galveston Area Council Houston, Texas (by telephone) November 19, 2015
Houston-Galveston Area Council Houston, Texas (by telephone) November 19, 2015 Summary Climate change is a threat in the U.S. -- We are already feeling the dangerous and costly effects of a changing climate
More informationFACT SHEET PROPOSED MERCURY AND AIR TOXICS STANDARDS
FACT SHEET PROPOSED MERCURY AND AIR TOXICS STANDARDS ACTION On March 16, 2011, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued a proposed rule that would reduce emissions of toxic air pollutants from
More informationDecember 1, 2014. Re: Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2013-0602 RGGI States Supplemental Comments on Proposed Clean Power Plan
VIA EMAIL December 1, 2014 Environmental Protection Agency EPA Docket Center (EPA/DC), Mail code 28221T Attn: Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2013-0602 1200 Pennsylvania Ave. NW Washington, DC 20460 A-and-R-Docket@epa.gov
More informationChina Publishes Draft Rules on Protection of Information Network Dissemination Rights
China Publishes Draft Rules on Protection of Information Network Dissemination Rights 1 China Publishes Draft Rules on Protection of Information Network Dissemination Rights On 22 April, 2012, the Supreme
More informationClient Alert. Finders and the Issuer s Exemption : The SEC Sheds New Light on an Old Subject
Number 1503 April 24, 2013 Client Alert Latham & Watkins Corporate Department Finders and the Issuer s Exemption : The SEC Sheds New Light on an Old Subject there are serious consequences for acting as
More informationIntroduction POLICY. The U.S. Needs an All-of-the-Above Energy Strategy
The Arkansas State Chamber of Commerce and the Associated Industries of Arkansas, Inc., work jointly as the leading voice for business in Arkansas and serve as the primary business advocate on all issues
More informationThe Clean Power Plan and West Virginia:
Rate (lbs/mwh) The Clean Power Plan and West Virginia: Compliance Options and New Economic Opportunities 2,100 James Van Nostrand Evan Hansen Beren Argetsinger Joseph James WVU College of Law Center for
More informationHow Can the Automotive Industry Strengthen Its Regulatory Compliance Process and Reduce Its Compliance Risks?
September 29, 2015 Practice Groups: Regulatory Compliance Internal Investigations Government Investigations White Collar Crime/Criminal Defense Public Policy and Law Environmental, Land and Natural Resources
More informationDOE Announces Fundamental Shift in LNG Export Authorization Policy
5 June 2014 Practice Groups: Liquefied Natural Gas Oil & Gas Energy, Infrastructure and Resources Energy DOE Announces Fundamental Shift in LNG Export Authorization Policy By David L. Wochner, Sandra E.
More informationPolicy Significance of EPA s Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program
Date Issue Brief # I S S U E B R I E F Policy Significance of EPA s Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program Nathan Richardson November 2012 Resources for the Future Resources for the Future is an independent,
More informationWritten Testimony Submitted by Mr. Michael Kezar General Manager San Miguel Electric Cooperative, Inc.
Written Testimony Submitted by Mr. Michael Kezar General Manager San Miguel Electric Cooperative, Inc. U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Small Business Subcommittee on Agriculture, Energy and
More informationEnvironmental Protection Agency
Vol. 79 Wednesday, No. 5 January 8, 2014 Part II Environmental Protection Agency 40 CFR Parts 60, 70, 71, et al. Standards of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions From New Stationary Sources: Electric
More informationLoan Trading under LMA Documentation A Guide for Traders and In-house Counsel
Loan Trading under LMA Documentation A Guide for Traders and In-house Counsel 2 Further information If you would like further information on any aspect of this note, please contact a person mentioned below
More informationAnalysis - the worldwide reach of FATCA
January 2012 Analysis - the worldwide reach of FATCA This article was first published in the Tax Journal in July 2011 SPEED READ Recent US legislation effectively makes non-us banks and non US financial
More information2013 Update: Healthcare Regulation in the United Arab Emirates
2013 Update: Healthcare Regulation in the United Arab Emirates The healthcare industry continues to develop in the UAE with new world class projects and more elaborated policies and regulations. Introduction
More informationComparison of Typical MLP and Yieldco Structures
Sean T. Wheeler Latham & Watkins Practice Comparison of Typical and Structures The rise of master limited partnerships (s) as an asset class has coincided with investors desire for stable and growing cash
More informationPeter Montanaro, Head, Delegated Authorities
market bulletin Ref: Y4535 Title Purpose Type From Master Policies & Group Schemes To provide updated guidance on worldwide master policies and group schemes written at Lloyd s and to notify the market
More informationCO 2 Emissions from Electricity Generation and Imports in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative: 2010 Monitoring Report
CO 2 Emissions from Electricity Generation and Imports in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative: 2010 Monitoring Report August 6, 2012 1 This report was prepared on behalf of the states participating
More informationFraudulent Insurance Claims A Mucky Present and a Murky Future
Fraudulent Insurance Claims A Mucky Present and a Murky Future Dan Screene, Senior Associate Insurance Litigation Practice Group London 12 February 2013 The fraud epidemic Economic landscape Losses to
More informationFinal Report: Implications of EPA s Proposed Clean Power Plan
Final Report: Implications of EPA s Proposed Clean Power Plan Analyzing consumer impacts of the draft rule Report prepared for NASUCA November 14, 2014 AUTHORS Elizabeth A. Stanton, PhD Sarah Jackson Bruce
More informationThe Telephone Consumer Protection Act: Compliance Developments and What to Expect in 2015
The Telephone Consumer Protection Act: Compliance Developments and What to Expect in 2015 November 2014 Mark W. Brennan, Partner Overview Overview of the TCPA Recent Developments Issues to Watch What You
More informationChina's new national security law creates more insecurity for foreign businesses
China's new national security law creates more insecurity for foreign businesses Contents Overview 1 JULY Broad definition of national security 1 Expanded national security review regime 1 NSR in relation
More informationFinancial services regulation in Australia
Financial services regulation in Australia FEBRUARY What you need to know Financial services regulation in Australia February 2016 1 What you need to know Key points Do you do business in Australia or
More informationState of the Art (SOTA) Manual for Boilers and Process Heaters
State of the Art (SOTA) Manual for Boilers and Process Heaters Original Date: July 1997 Revision Date: February 22, 2004 State of New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Air Quality Permitting
More informationSEC Staff Addresses Third-Party Endorsements of Investment Advisers on Social Media Websites
April 2014 Practice Groups: Investment Management, Hedge Funds and Alternative Investments Private Equity SEC Staff Addresses Third-Party Endorsements of By Michael W. McGrath and Sonia R. Gioseffi On
More informationConnecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection
Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Update on Climate Change Efforts Clean Power Plan and RGGI Program Review Discussion with Stakeholders Tracy Babbidge, Bureau Chief Energy
More informationPOWER SECTOR OPPORTUNITIES FOR REDUCING CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS: COLORADO
Fact Sheet POWER SECTOR OPPORTUNITIES FOR REDUCING CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS: COLORADO MICHAEL OBEITER, KRISTIN MEEK, AND REBECCA GASPER CONTACT Michael Obeiter Senior Associate Climate and Energy Program
More informationLegal Memorandum Accompanying Clean Power Plan for Certain Issues. Relationship between the Building Blocks and the BSER for New EGUs.
Legal Memorandum Accompanying Clean Power Plan for Certain Issues This document includes additional information concerning certain legal issues relevant to the Clean Power Plan. This document is intended
More informationNew York City Council Passes Bill Banning Use of Credit Checks in Employment Decisions
New York City Council Passes Bill Banning Use of Credit Checks in Employment Decisions Amendment to the New York City Human Rights Law Makes It an Unlawful Discriminatory Practice for Most Employers to
More informationGoal Computation Technical Support Document
Technical Support Document (TSD) for the CAA Section 111(d) Emission Guidelines for Existing Power Plants Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2013-0602 Goal Computation Technical Support Document U.S Environmental
More informationFINRA and MSRB Issue Guidance on Best Execution Obligations in Equity, Options and Fixed Income Markets
DECEMBER 9, 2015 SIDLEY UPDATE FINRA and MSRB Issue Guidance on Best Execution Obligations in Equity, Options and Fixed Income Markets Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (FINRA) and the Municipal
More informationRemoval of Credit Ratings References
August 2014 Practice Groups: Investment Management, Hedge Funds and Alternative Investments Broker-Dealer Removal of Credit Ratings References By Michael S. Caccese, Clair E. Pagnano, Rita Rubin, and George
More informationClean Power Plan Clean Air Act 111(d) and 111(b) Rule. A Quick Comparison of What Changed
Clean Power Plan Clean Air Act 111(d) and 111(b) Rule A Quick Comparison of What Changed Anda Ray Environment, VP and Chief Sustainability Officer August 4, 2015 San Francisco, CA Clean Air Act (CAA) Final
More informationCuba Sanctions Update: Removal of Cuba from Terrorism List Will Result in Modest Easing of Trade Sanctions
Cuba Sanctions Update: Removal of Cuba from Terrorism List Will Result in Modest Easing of Trade Sanctions A legal analysis prepared at the request of the Cuba Study Group 9 April 2015 By Stephen F. Propst,
More informationCloud Computing: A Primer on Legal Issues, Including Privacy and Data Security Concerns. Privacy and Information Management Practice / Washington, DC
Cloud Computing: A Primer on Legal Issues, Including Privacy and Data Security Concerns Privacy and Information Management Practice / Washington, DC Disclaimer THIS PRESENTATION IS TO ASSIST IN A GENERAL
More informationSelection and Use of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures The Role of Outside Consultants Janice Hogan, Partner, Hogan Lovells LLP
Selection and Use of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures The Role of Outside Consultants Janice Hogan, Partner, Hogan Lovells LLP Tuesday, November 27, 2012 Key Topics for Consultants Selection of Instruments
More informationENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY. 40 CFR Part 52. [EPA-R06-OAR-2013-0808; FRL-9932-50-Region 6]
This document is scheduled to be published in the Federal Register on 09/04/2015 and available online at http://federalregister.gov/a/2015-22035, and on FDsys.gov 6560-50-P ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
More informationAustralian National Electricity Rules Adopt a More 'Cost Reflective' Approach to Network Pricing
23 December 2014 Practice Group(s): Energy, Infrastructure and Resources Renewable Energy Climate Change and Sustainability Australian National Electricity Rules Adopt a More 'Cost Reflective' Australia
More informationFinancing New Coal-Fired Power Plants
Financing New Coal-Fired Power Plants Guidance Note 2011 Coal is likely to be part of the energy mix for the foreseeable future. Therefore, to limit dangerous climate change, coal-fired power generation
More informationLatham & Watkins Litigation Department
Number 737 August 11, 2008 Client Alert Latham & Watkins Litigation Department US Congress Passes Landmark Product Safety Legislation Manufacturers, importers, distributors and retailers of consumer products
More informationCalifornia Supreme Court Issues Ruling in Brinker Clarifying Employers Duty to Provide Meal and Rest Breaks to Hourly Employees
APRIL 13, 2012 CALIFORNIA EMPLOYMENT & LABOR UPDATE California Supreme Court Issues Ruling in Brinker Clarifying Employers Duty to Provide Meal and Rest Breaks to Hourly Employees In one of the most anticipated
More informationCCS in the Oil refining Industry System Solutions and Assessment of Capture Potential
CCS in the Oil refining Industry System Solutions and Assessment of Capture Potential Daniella Johansson (PhD student) Supervisors: Prof. Thore Berntsson & Dr. Per-Åke Franck Division of Heat and Power
More informationDue Diligence in Regulation D Offerings
FINRA Provides Guidance on the Obligation of Broker-Dealers to Conduct Reasonable Investigations in Regulation D Offerings SUMMARY FINRA has published a regulatory notice providing guidance to broker-dealers
More informationMaking Coal Use Compatible with Measures to Counter Global Warming
Making Use Compatible with Measures to Counter Global Warming The J-POWER Group is one of the biggest coal users in Japan, consuming approximately 2 million tons of coal per year at eight coal-fired power
More informationWolverine Clean Energy Venture
Prepared for: Wolverine Power Supply Cooperative Cadillac, Michigan Supplement to CAA Section 112(g) MACT Auxiliary Boiler Amended Application No. 317-07 Wolverine Clean Energy Venture Rogers City, MI
More informationUNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY WASHINGTON. D.C. 20460
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY WASHINGTON. D.C. 20460 OFFICE OF AIR AND RADIATION MEMORANDUM SUBJECT: FROM : Next Steps and P reliminary Views on the Application of Clean A ir Act Permitting
More informationChapter 10. Overview of Federal Laws and Regulations Governing Incineration
Chapter 10 Overview of Federal Laws and Regulations Governing Incineration Contents Land-Based Incineration.......................... Ocean Incineration.............................. Statutes Governing
More informationFinal Rule Establishes the Permanent Certification Program for EHR Technology
Final Rule Establishes the Permanent Certification Program for EHR Technology March 2, 2011 Boston Brussels Chicago Düsseldorf Houston London Los Angeles Miami Milan Munich New York Orange County Rome
More informationDoes Peek v. Comm r Extend to Rollover as Business Start-ups (ROBS) Arrangements?
Latham & Watkins Tax Department Number 1536 June 11, 2013 Does Peek v. Comm r Extend to Rollover as Business Start-ups (ROBS) Arrangements? A recent Tax Court decision interpreting the prohibited transaction
More informationCO 2 Emissions from Electricity Generation and Imports in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative: 2012 Monitoring Report
CO 2 from Electricity Generation and Imports in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative: 2012 Monitoring Report August 11, 2014 1 This report was prepared on behalf of the states participating in the second
More informationThis is a draft document for review by the Oregon Greenhouse Gas Reporting Advisory Committee April 1, 2010
This is a draft document for review by the Oregon Greenhouse Gas Reporting Advisory Committee April 1, 2010 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY Chapter 340 Proposed Rulemaking STATEMENT OF NEED AND FISCAL
More informationIn re Cuozzo Speed Technologies: Federal Circuit Decides Appeal Jurisdiction and Standard of Review Issues for AIA Reviews
CLIENT MEMORANDUM In re Cuozzo Speed Technologies: Federal Circuit Decides Appeal Jurisdiction and Standard of Review February 5, 2015 AUTHORS Michael W. Johnson Tara L. Thieme THE FEDERAL CIRCUIT HOLDS
More informationPlan Sponsor Basics Webinar Series Issues for 401(k) Plan Sponsors with Employer Stock Investment Funds
Plan Sponsor Basics Webinar Series Issues for 401(k) Plan Sponsors with Employer Stock Investment Funds Webinar 5 of 5 November 4, 2014 www.morganlewis.com Presenters: Lisa H. Barton Jeremy P. Blumenfeld
More information