How To Understand And Understand The History Of Cloud Computing

Transcription

1 Michael Missbach Josef Stelzel Cameron Gardiner George Anderson Mark Tempes SAP on the Cloud ^ Springer

2 Contents 1 A Short History of Cloud Computing From Big Iron to Commodity The Internet Area Performance and Address Space Virtualization Is Back Again The Flavors of Cloud Computing Public Cloud Anything as a Service Public Cloud Platforms for SAP Cloud Applications Private Clouds Summary 12 2 From R/3 to HANA SAP Business Suite SAP ERP/SAP ECC SAP CRM SAPSCM SAPSRM SAPPLM SAPCPM SAPGRC SAP Solution Manager SAP NetWeaver SAP NetWeaver BW SAP NetWeaver Portal SAP Knowledge Warehouse SAP NetWeaver Mobile SAP NetWeaver Master Data Management SAP NetWeaver Process Integration Business Objects SAP Solutions for Small and Medium Companies SAP All-in-One 28 xv

3 xvi Contents SAP Business One SAP Business ByDesign SAP Appliances Duet and Alloy SAP Business Warehouse Accelerator SAP High Performance Analytical Appliance Summary Service Levels for SAP on Cloud 3.1 IT Service Management Reference Model Service Level Management Performance Management Response Time 3.4 Units of Measure for SAP Applications Predicting the System Load Can the Performance Be Guaranteed? Measurement Based Sizing SAPS-Meter 3.5 Load Profiles Load Profiles of Transactional Solutions Load Profiles of Analytical Systems Load Profiles of Other SAP-Solutions Availability Management How to Define Availability? How Many Resources Are Needed in Case of a Disaster? How Much Stability Is Required? Summary 64 4 Security Aspects for SAP on Cloud 4.1 The Threat Landscape External Threats Internal Threats Technical Attacks: Viruses, Worms, Trojan Horses, etc Non-Technical Threats Legal Aspects Classical IT Security and the Cloud Security on Public Clouds: Who Is Responsible? Security Concept of Amazon AWS Public Cloud Security Automation and Management Hardening Red Hat Linux as Guest Operating System Hardening Windows as Guest OS Hardening the Hypervisors SAP on Private Cloud: A Practical Example Summary 82

4 Contents xvii 5 Change and Configuration Management Introduction to Change and Configuration Management Elements of the CCMS Change and Configuration Data Types Integrating Change and Configuration Management with SAP Managing SAP Business Changes Change Management Drives the Business and IT Lifecycle IT and Business Accountability and Alignment Managing Technology Changes Understand the Configuration Management Process Manage Service Templates and Profiles Use a Technical Sandbox Protect the Development System Review the SAP Technology Stack and Tools Leverage Regression Testing Tools and... Capabilities Maintain Technical Change and Configuration Management Rigor Managing Organizational Change Understand the Four Technology Perspectives Minimize Human Involvement Optimize Organizational Change Processes Plan for SAP Staffing Backup Before Disaster Strikes Leverage Help Desk and Operations Support Teams Thoughtfully Outsource and Augment Mitigate Risk by Open Exchange of Real Life Experience Increase IT's Process Discipline Summary How Private and Public Clouds Work Cloud Services Principles Technologies for Public Clouds Windows Azure Cloud Fabric Provisioning a New Node in Azure Deploying a Service into Windows Azure Roles and Instances in Azure Fault Domains and Upgrade Domains Azure Storage Amazon Web Services Amazon EC2 Availability Ill Storage in AWS Ill 6.5 Technologies for Private Clouds Microsoft Private Cloud 114

5 xvjjj Contents 6.7 VMware vcloud Summary SAP Solutions on Public Clouds Public Clouds: A Short Overview Cloud Standards Cloud APIs Can Public Clouds Meet SAP... Application Requirements? Amazon Web Service for SAP Instance Types for SAP (Server Building Blocks) AWS Storage for SAP Network: Amazon Virtual Private Cloud Backup/Restore of SAP Applications on EC2 Instances SAP High-Availability in AWS Monitoring with Amazon CloudWatch Other Aspects of SAP on AWS AWS Service Levels Outlook: Public Clouds and SAP Beyond the Physical Boundaries SAP NetWeaver Cloud Project Titanium Summary Private Cloud Infrastructures for SAP SAP Landscapes SAP System Architecture tier versus 3-tier Server Architectures: Nifty Details? Multi-core and Multi-thread Inter Core Communication and Access to Main Memory Scale-up Versus Scale-out Rack Mount Versus Blade Memory: Fast but Volatile Storage: Hard and Other Disks Sizing for Throughput The Disk Is Dead: But Is SSD Already King? Network User Network Server Network Storage Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) 157 Network iscsi 159

6 Contents xix 8.5 Unified Computing Converged Network Adapters Port Extenders Fabric Extender Fabric Interconnects Unification and Virtualization Software Based Fabric Extender Hardware Based Fabric Extender Summary Stateless Computing Service Profile Definition Unified Computing and VMware's vcenter Cloud Operation with Stateless Computing IDPools Server Pools Administrative Organization for SAP on Cloud Cloud Data Center Facilities How Green Clouds Can Be? Summary Economic and Legal Aspects of Cloud Computing Trial and Error-Fast and Cheap Economic Risks and Other Considerations Legal Implications Economic Myths, Realities, and Other Observations Innovative Cloud Platforms Do Not Necessarily Cost Less Volume Discounts Rarely Drive Economies of Scale The Cloud May Not Yield Greener IT for Some Time Cloud Software Licensing Models Remain Unchanged CapEx Versus OpEx May Myths Business Economics of the Cloud for SAP Macroeconomics and Other Market Drivers Business Risks, Functionality, Data Sensitivity, and Role Developing Cloud Business Cases for SAP Technology Economics and Considerations Demand, Supply, and the Buying Hierarchy Technology Attributes and Challenges Public Cloud Opportunities and Challenges 191

7 XX Contents Private Cloud Opportunities and Challenges Hybrid Cloud Opportunities and Challenges Organizational Economics and Considerations The Business End-User Community Reinventing the Internal SAP IT Organization Organizational Process Discipline or... Hardening Cloud Service Providers and Hosters Evaluating Organizational Readiness for Change An Effective Model for SAP IT Organizational Change Organizational Skills and Staffing The Legal Landscape for SAP Cloud Computing Governance, Risk, Compliance, and Geographic Constraints Internal GRC Considerations Data and Security Considerations People Considerations Developing a Legally-Informed Cloud Economics Plan Summary 201 About the Authors 203 Index 207