Q Environmental Emissions Data for Pickering Nuclear ONTARIO POWER GENERATION ONT
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- Erika Bryan
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1 OVERVIEW This quarterly report summarizes s environmental emissions data for the year-to-date, including: Radioactive Effluents: Releases to air and water, including discharges to the municipal sewage system, were less than one per cent of regulatory limits. Pickering Waste Management Facility: Monitoring results confirm the integrity of the facility. Hazardous Substances Releases: Discharges to air and water were in accordance with regulatory requirements. Spills to the Environment: There were two spills to the environment that were reportable to a government agency. The spills resulted in negligible environmental impact. ENVIRONMENTAL EMISSIONS MANAGEMENT OPG has an environmental management program to ensure its activities are conducted in a manner that minimizes any adverse impact on the public and the environment. OPG s environmental program is consistent with Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC) requirements for environmental protection and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard for environmental management systems. The quality assurance programs for OPG s chemistry and health physics laboratories conform to the requirements of national and international standards. As part of OPG s environmental management program, OPG has established an effluent monitoring and control program that is based on the ALARA principle. That is, measures are in place to ensure emissions to the environment are kept As Low As Reasonably Achievable while taking social and economic factors into account. reports environmental emissions data to the CNSC on a quarterly basis. MONITORING OF RADIOACTIVE EFFLUENTS Release Limits & Action Levels OPG uses radiation dose limits specified in federal legislation to derive Release Limits for the radionuclides that may be released to air and water from its nuclear facilities. must maintain its radiological emissions to within these limits to meet the terms of its operating licence. Public Radiation Dose Data The radiation dose to the public resulting from the operation of is a very small fraction of the estimated annual average background radiation dose around the station. Annual environmental monitoring program results for, including an assessment of radiation dose to the public, are available at: OPG also sets Action Levels that are well below the Release Limits to identify and control emissions before a limit can be reached. Year-to-Date Performance Natural Background Radiation 99.9% Contribution 0.1% s emissions to the environment are monitored to track performance. For, Pickering Nuclear s radiological emissions to air and water remained less than one per cent of the Release Limits and no Action Levels were exceeded. (Appendix A, Tables A.1, A.2 and A.3) Additionally, requirements related to the 1
2 availability of monitoring equipment were met. The following graphs show s radiological emissions for as a percentage of the Release Limits. NOTE: Units 2 and 3 are in a safe shutdown state. Air Emissions as a Per Cent of Release Limits (Units 1-4) Air Emissions as a Per Cent of Release Limits (Unit 5-8) 2
3 Water Emissions as a Per Cent of Release Limits (Units 1-4) Water Emissions as a Per Cent of Release Limits (Units 5-8) s sewage effluent (i.e. from washrooms, showers, kitchens and sinks) is discharged to the Regional Municipality of Durham sanitary sewer system. For, s sewage emissions 3
4 remained less than one per cent of the Release Limits and no Action Levels were exceeded. (Appendix A, Table A.4) The following graph shows s sewage effluent emissions for as a percentage of the Release Limit. Discharges to the Municipal Sewer as a Per Cent of Release Limits PICKERING WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITY Air, water and radiation dose monitoring requirements for the Pickering Waste Management Facility were met for and no issues were identified. (Appendix A, Tables A.5, A.6 and A.7) RELEASES OF HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES complies with numerous regulatory requirements for controlling and monitoring releases of hazardous substances to the environment. The following substances are released as part of station operations and the amounts released are recorded. (Appendix A, Table A.8) Sulphur Dioxide, Nitrogen Oxides and Carbon Dioxide has standby diesel generators to provide back-up electrical power to the station if required. These generators are routinely tested to ensure their availability. had no regulatory noncompliances associated with the air emissions from these generators in. Hydrazine and Ammonia uses hydrazine and ammonia in station water systems to prevent corrosion. These chemicals are released when steam is vented to the atmosphere and when water is drained to Lake Ontario. had no regulatory non-compliances associated with hydrazine and ammonia emissions in. 4
5 Ozone-Depleting Substances Ozone-depleting substances are used in refrigeration systems. s refrigerant leaks to air are minimized through routine inspections and maintenance of equipment. There were no releases of ozone-depleting substances that were reportable as a spill in. Chlorine uses sodium hypochlorite as a biocide to control mussel infestations in station water systems that use lake water. had no regulatory non-compliances associated with chlorine emissions in Q SPILLS TO THE ENVIRONMENT OPG has extensive programs to ensure the risk of spills to the environment is effectively assessed and managed. All spills are reported by OPG to the appropriate federal, provincial and municipal agencies as required. OPG classifies its reportable spills as Category A, B or C Spills based on the actual or potential impacts. Category A Spills are considered very serious due to the scale of injury or damage, health effects, or safety impairment. Category B Spills are considered serious due to localized injury or impacts to property. Category C Spills are all other reportable spills that are less serious than Category A and B Spills. Year-to-Date Performance had two reportable spills in : On February 14, an estimated 50 litres of waste water containing sewage leaked to Lake Ontario. On March 20, an estimated 10 litres of oil was discharged to Lake Ontario. Both spills were classified as Category C Spills as they resulted in negligible environmental impact. These releases occurred from equipment that is part of non-nuclear systems and there were no radiological releases to the environment. Actions were taken to stop the sources of the spills and to prevent recurrence. (Appendix A, Table A.9) 5
6 APPENDIX A ENVIRONMENTAL EMISSIONS DATA 6
7 Table A.1: Airborne Radionuclide Releases for Units 1-4 Tritium Carbon-14 Noble Gas (Bq-MeV) Iodine-131 Particulate Gross Alpha SUMMARY: ANNUAL Release Limit (Bq/year) (a) 1.2 x x x x x x Total Releases as of 6.17 x x < 5.47 x < 2.55 x 10 6 < 7.16 x 10 5 < 8.39 x 10 4 DETAILS: WEEKLY (b) Action Level (Bq/week) (c) 2.5 x x x x x 10 8 Not specified (d) Week x x 10 9 < 2.99 x < 4.28 x 10 5 < 7.20 x 10 4 Week x x 10 9 < 2.73 x < 1.39 x 10 5 < 4.76 x 10 4 Jan. Week x x 10 9 < 1.47 x < 3.86 x 10 5 < 1.05 x 10 5 Week x x 10 9 < 3.28 x < 4.79 x 10 5 < 4.03 x 10 4 Feb. Week x x 10 9 < 2.89 x < 1.15 x 10 5 < 4.67 x 10 4 Week x x < 3.43 x < 1.12 x 10 5 < 5.00 x 10 4 Week x x < 3.58 x < 1.14 x 10 5 < 4.90 x 10 4 < 3.23 x 10 4 Week x x 10 9 < 3.44 x < 1.42 x 10 5 < 5.99 x 10 4 Week x x 10 9 < 3.88 x < 1.24 x 10 5 < 4.61 x 10 4 Week x x 10 9 < 3.16 x < 1.37 x 10 5 < 5.15 x 10 4 Week x x 10 9 < 3.99 x < 1.19 x 10 5 < 4.55 x 10 4 Mar. Week x x 10 9 < 3.62 x < 1.27 x 10 5 < 4.95 x 10 4 Week x x 10 9 < 3.07 x < 1.28 x 10 5 < 5.29 x 10 4 (a) The derived Release Limit for a given radionuciide is the release rate that would cause an individual of the most exposed group to receive and be committed to a dose equal to the regulatory annual dose limit for a member of the public due to release of the radionuciide to air or surface water during normal operation of a nuclear facility over the period of a calendar year. (b) Routine analysis of air emissions is conducted weekly to monitor against internal performance targets. Emissions are reported using the fiscal calendar and months contain either four or five weeks. Values prefixed by an < indicate that reported results were less than the instrument detection limits. (c) Exceedances of Action Levels must be reported by OPG to the CNSC. To prevent an Action Level from being reached, OPG has set Internal Investigation Levels that require emissions to be reviewed when they reach the high end of the normal range. Corrective actions are taken if necessary. (d) Action Level for gross alpha is not specified because it is not a routinely monitored radionuclide group at as its activity is below the threshold value for monitoring. A becquerel is the standard international unit for measuring radioactive decay or radioactivity. One becquerel is the decay of one atom of a radioisotope per second, and is an extremely small amount of radioactivity. Becquerel is a measure of the rate (not energy) of radiation emission from a source. Another unit of measuring radioactivity is the curie (Ci). 1 Ci = 3.7 x Bq. 7
8 Table A.2: Airborne Radionuclide Releases for Units 5-8 Tritium Carbon-14 Noble Gas (Bq-MeV) Iodine-131 Particulate Gross Alpha SUMMARY: ANNUAL Release Limit (Bq/year) (a) 1.9 x x x x x x Total Releases as of 6.69 x x < 1.16 x < 1.05 x 10 6 < 1.11 x 10 6 < 1.28 x 10 5 DETAILS: WEEKLY (b) Action Level (Bq/week) (c) 3.7 x x x x x 10 9 Not specified (d) Week x x < 1.09 x < 1.60 x 10 5 < 5.01 x 10 4 Week x x < 1.11 x < 7.62 x 10 4 < 7.30 x 10 4 Jan. Week x x < 1.31 x < 8.73 x 10 4 < 5.98 x 10 4 Week x x 10 9 < 9.95 x < 7.40 x 10 4 < 9.75 x 10 4 Feb. Week x x 10 9 < 9.14 x < 7.36 x 10 4 < 5.10 x 10 4 Week x x < 8.62 x < 7.18 x 10 4 < 1.94 x 10 5 Week x x < 8.10 x < 7.10 x 10 4 < 7.35 x 10 4 < 4.94 x 10 4 Week x x < 9.55 x < 7.33 x 10 4 < 8.76 x 10 4 Week x x < 5.62 x < 6.99 x 10 4 < 6.93 x 10 4 Week x x < 8.84 x < 7.14 x 10 4 < 9.96 x 10 4 Week x x < 6.33 x < 7.25 x 10 4 < 1.00 x 10 5 Mar. Week x x < 7.36 x < 7.96 x 10 4 < 5.17 x 10 4 Week x x < 7.36 x < 6.96 x 10 4 < 1.05 x 10 5 (a) The derived Release Limit for a given radionuciide is the release rate that would cause an individual of the most exposed group to receive and be committed to a dose equal to the regulatory annual dose limit for a member of the public due to release of the radionuciide to air or surface water during normal operation of a nuclear facility over the period of a calendar year. (b) Routine analysis of air emissions is conducted weekly to monitor against internal performance targets. Emissions are reported using the fiscal calendar and months contain either four or five weeks. Values prefixed by an < indicate that reported results were less than the instrument detection limits. (c) Exceedances of Action Levels must be reported by OPG to the CNSC. To prevent an Action Level from being reached, OPG has set Internal Investigation Levels that require emissions to be reviewed when they reach the high end of the normal range. Corrective actions are taken if necessary. (d) Action Level for gross alpha is not specified because it is not a routinely monitored radionuclide group at as its activity is below the threshold value for monitoring. While station emissions typically remain at consistently low levels, small fluctuations do occur because of changing operating conditions (e.g. unit outages), work activities, and equipment issues. 8
9 Table A.3: Waterborne Radionuclide Releases to Lake Ontario UNITS 1-4 UNITS 5-8 Tritium Gross Beta- Gamma Tritium Gross Beta- Gamma Carbon-14 (a) Gross Alpha (a) SUMMARY: ANNUAL Release Limit (Bq/year) (b) 3.7 x x x x x x Total Releases as of 1.91 x x x x x x 10 5 DETAILS: MHLY (c) Action Level (Bq/month) (d) 3.0 x x x x x Not specified (e) January 5.16 x x x x x x 10 5 February 7.31 x x x x x x 10 5 March 6.60 x x x x x x 10 5 (a) Includes emissions from both Units 1-4 and Units 5-8. These emissions are reported under Units 5-8 because Pickering Nuclear s Radioactive Liquid Waste Management System is routinely discharged through the outfall for Units 5-8. (b) The derived Release Limit for a given radionuciide is the release rate that would cause an individual of the most exposed group to receive and be committed to a dose equal to the regulatory annual dose limit for a member of the public due to release of the radionuciide to air or surface water during normal operation of a nuclear facility over the period of a calendar year. (c) Routine analysis of water emissions is conducted monthly to monitor against internal performance targets. Monthly emissions are reported using the fiscal calendar and months contain either four or five weeks. Months with five weeks typically report higher releases relative to months with four weeks. For 2014, February, May, August and November have five weeks. (d) Exceedances of Action Levels must be reported by OPG to the CNSC. To prevent an Action Level from being reached, OPG has set Internal Investigation Levels that require emissions to be reviewed when they reach the high end of the normal range. Corrective actions are taken if necessary. (e) Action Level for gross alpha not specified since it is not a routinely monitored radionuclide group because its activity is below the threshold value for monitoring. 9
10 Table A.4: Waterborne Radionuclide Releases to the Municipal Sewer Tritium Gross Beta-Gamma SUMMARY: ANNUAL Release Limit (Bq/year) (a) 5.4 x x Total Releases as of 3.33 x x 10 7 DETAILS: MHLY Action Level (Bq/month) (b) 4.3 x x 10 8 January 8.92 x x 10 6 February 1.07 x x 10 7 March 1.37 x x 10 7 (a) The derived Release Limit for a given radionuciide is the release rate that would cause an individual of the most exposed group to receive and be committed to a dose equal to the regulatory annual dose limit for a member of the public due to release of the radionuciide to air or surface water during normal operation of a nuclear facility over the period of a calendar year. (b) Exceedances of Action Levels must be reported by OPG to the CNSC. To prevent an Action Level from being reached, OPG has set Internal Investigation Levels that require emissions to be reviewed when they reach the high end of the normal range. Corrective actions are taken if necessary. Table A.5: Pickering Waste Management Facility Air Sample Results January February March Particulate (weekly average Bq) (a) < 3.3 x 10 3 (all weeks) < 3.3 x 10 3 (for 3 of the weeks) x 10 3 (for 1 of the weeks) < 3.3 x 10 3 (all weeks) (a) Values prefixed by an < indicate that reported results were less than the instrument detection limits. Pickering Waste Management Facility particulate results are included in s airborne radionuclide release data. 10
11 Table A.6: Pickering Waste Management Facility Water Sample Results Sample Point Retube Component Storage Facility Storage Building #3 Gross Beta-Gamma (Bq/mL) (a) Q1 Catch Basin 111 < 1.15 x 10-2 Catch Basin 112 < 1.15 x 10-2 Catch Basin 77 < 1.15 x 10-2 Catch Basin 78 < 1.15 x 10-2 Catch Basin 82 < 1.15 x 10-2 Catch Basin 83 < 1.15 x 10-2 Sample Station Sample Station 02 (b) No sample (a) Values prefixed by an < indicate that reported results were less than the instrument detection limits. (b) Sample Station 02 is weeping tiles and is normally dry. Table A.7: Pickering Waste Management Facility Perimeter Fence Dose Rates Location Retube Component Storage Facility (RCSF) Storage Building #3 Used Fuel Dry Storage Facility (UFDSF) (b) Average Air Kerma Rate (µgy/hour) (a) Q1 Pi2, RCSF South Pi3, RCSF East PW1, North - West PW2, North - Middle PW3, North - East PW4, East - North PW5, East - Middle PW6, East - South PW7, South - East PW8, South - West PW9, West - South PW10, West - Middle PW11, West - North Pu3, UFDSF East Outside Pu4, UFDSF Stage II East Pu5, UFDSF Stage II East (a) Average ambient dose rates are measured at perimeter fences by Thermoluminescent Dosimeters to demonstrate that potential doses due to radiation fields from waste management facility operations are well within allowable limits and pose a negligible risk for the public, the workers and the environment. Dose rate monitoring results are compared to an internal target dose rate standard of 0.5 µgy/hour. This target is derived from the 1 msv/year dose limit specified in federal legislation for a member of the public and assumes exposure for a working year (2,000 hours). 11
12 (b) The target perimeter dose rate for the Used Fuel Dry Storage Facility is <1.75 μgy/hour. This rate is equivalent to the dose rate of 0.5 μgy/hour calculated for this location. Table A.8: Annual Releases of Hazardous Substances Substance Reporting Year (a) Amount Sulphur Dioxide kg Nitrogen Oxides (NO x ) expressed as NO tonnes (b) Carbon Dioxide ,085 tonnes (c) Hydrazine to Air kg Hydrazine to Water kg Ammonia to Air tonnes Ammonia to Water tonnes Ozone-Depleting Substances kg Sodium Hypochlorite tonnes (a) Annual updates are provided as the annual data becomes available. (b) reports nitrogen oxides emissions to Environment Canada s National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI). Tools and resources for accessing, analyzing and interpreting NPRI data are available on the NPRI website. (c) s carbon dioxide emissions are well below the 50,000 tonne threshold for mandatory reporting to Environment Canada s Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reporting Program (GHGRP). Greenhouse gas data and information for reporting facilities are available on the GHGRP website. Table A.9: Spills to the Environment Category C Spill (Less Serious) February 14, 2014 An estimated 50 litres of waste water containing sewage leaked over several days from a pipe to a station drainage system and was discharged to Lake Ontario. Action was taken to stop and contain the source of the spill once it was identified that the water contained sewage. None of the sewage could be recovered from the lake. An evaluation of the cause of the spill was completed. A corrective action plan was developed and actions include repairing the pipe and the delivery of communications to staff to prevent recurrence. Category C Spill (Less Serious) March 20, 2014 An estimated 10 litres of oil was released via the yard drainage system to Lake Ontario. The oil was spilled during work activities at the Unit 4 Main Output Transformer. Immediate action was taken to install a boom across the station outfall to contain the oil. A portion of the oil was recovered. An evaluation of the cause of the spill was completed. A corrective action plan was developed and actions include the communication of spill containment expectations to contractors and improvements to the inspection of yard drain covers. 12
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