EC Gender Help Desk. ERITREA Gender Information Brief

Transcription

1 EC Gender Help Desk ERITREA Gender Information Brief The Gender Information Briefs (GIBs) prepared by the EC Gender Help Desk are meant to provide an overview of a country s available information on - the existing situation with respect to gender equality issues - the main issues that need to be addressed in order to support the promotion of gender equality, in coherence with and as condition to the achievement of the national development goals Each GIB contains: Part 1 - Basic data: key statistical data, and information on the country s commitment to international legal instruments related to gender equality Part 2 Information resources: contacts and references to institutions, policies and information resources providing updated and more in-depth statistics and qualitative information, in the following order (where available): a. National resources i. Governmental institutions/ministries ii. National gender equality policy documents iii. National reports on women s and gender equality status iv. PRSP gender priorities/profile v. Academic institutions vi. NGO networks b. International resources i. UN Common Country Assessment Gender issues ii. UNIFEM gender profile/priorities iii. MDG3 report iv. Other relevant information resources (Donors research etc, sectoral studies of particular relevance) v. Agencies or NGO networks at regional level Whenever possible, the list provides web links to access directly the documents. All the documents referred in the Briefs can be requested at the EC Gender Help Desk (eugender@itcilo.org) or at Aidco E4 (Daniela.rofi@cec.eu.int). 1

2 PART ONE BASIC DATA ERITREA Human Development Index (from Human Development Report 2005) Human Development Index (HDI) rank Human Development Index (HDI) value Life Expectancy at Birth (years) Adult Literacy Rate (% ages 15 and above) Gross School Enrolment Ratio (%) 161 out of GDP per capita (PPP US$) Life Expectancy Index Education Index GDP Index GDP per capita rank minus HDI rank Gender-related Development Index Gender-related Development Index (GDI) Life Expectancy at Birth (years) Adult Literacy rate (% ages 15 and above) Gross School Enrolment Ratio (%) Estimated Earned Income (PPP US$) rank Value Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male 125 out of ,125 Gender Empowerment Index Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM) Rank Value Seats in Parliament held by women (% of total) Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) Female professional and technical workers (% of total) Ratio of estimated female to male earned income Ratification of women and gender equality related conventions (see Note 1): Convention (UN System) YES/NO YEAR RESERVATIONS (if any) CEDAW International Convention on all forms of Discrimination Against Women (1979) YES Acceded in CEDAW Optional Protocol (2000) NO CERD International Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Racial Discrimination (1966) CRD Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) YES Acceded in YES Signed in 1993, ratified in 1994 ILO C100 Equal Remuneration (1951) YES Ratified in ILO C111 Discrimination (1958) ILO C156 Workers with Family Responsibilities (1981) YES Ratified in NO ILO C183 Maternity Protection (2000) NO

3 Convention (African Union) African Charter on Human and People s Rights (1986) Maputo Protocol (Protocol of the Charter on Human and People s Rights related to the rights of women ) YES/NO SIGNATURE ACCESSION DATE DEPOSITED YES NO Other useful indicators MDG 3 : Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women Indicator 9 - Ratio of girls to boys in primary, secondary and tertiary education (UNESCO) (most recent data available 2001) Primary Education 0.81 Secondary Education 0.65 Tertiary Education 0.15 Indicator 10 - Ratio of literate women to men, years old (UNESCO) (most recent data available 1990) Indicator 11 - Share of women in wage employment in the nonagricultural sector (ILO) (most recent data available 1990) Indicator 12 - Proportion of seats held by women in national parliament (IPU) (most recent data available 2005) Indicator 16 Maternal Mortality ratio per 100,000 live births (WHO/UNICEF) (Most Recent data available 2000) No data HIV/AIDS: Women over total adult population living with HIV estimate (15-49 years old) (most recent data 2003 UNAIDS) women (range: ) Adult population (range: ) 3

4 NOTE Explanatory note on ratification of the main human rights treaties Signature1: Signature of a treaty is an act by which a State provides a preliminary endorsement of the instrument. Signing does not create a binding legal obligation but does demonstrate the State s intent to examine the treaty domestically and consider ratifying it. While signing does not commit a State to ratification, it does oblige the State to refrain from acts that would defeat or undermine the treaty s objective and purpose. Ratify/Ratification: Ratification is an act by which a State signifies an agreement to be legally bound by the terms of a particular treaty. To ratify a treaty, the State first signs it and then fulfils its own national legislative requirements. Once the appropriate national organ of the country Parliament, Senate, the Crown, Head of State or Government, or a combination of these follows domestic constitutional procedures and makes a formal decision to be a party to the treaty. The instrument of ratification, a formal sealed letter referring to the decision and signed by the State s responsible authority, is then prepared and deposited with the United Nations Secretary-General in New York. Accede/Accession: Accession is an act by which a State signifies its agreement to be legally bound by the terms of a particular treaty. It has the same legal effect as ratification, but is not preceded by an act of signature. The formal procedure for accession varies according to the national legislative requirements of the State. To accede to a human rights treaty, the appropriate national organ of a State Parliament, Senate, the Crown, Head of State or Government, or a combination of these follows its domestic approval procedures and makes a formal decision to be a party to the treaty. Then, the instrument of accession, a formal sealed letter referring to the decision and signed by the State s responsible authority, is prepared and deposited with the United Nations Secretary-General in New York. Entry into Force: A treaty does not enter into force when it is adopted. Typically, the provisions of the treaty determine the date on which the treaty enters into force, often at a specified time following its ratification or accession by a fixed number of states. A treaty enters into force for those states which gave the required consent. State party: A State party to a treaty is a country that has ratified or acceded to that particular treaty, and is therefore legally bound by the provisions in the instrument. Reservations to the CEDAW2: The CEDAW permits ratification subject to reservations, provided that the reservations are not incompatible with the object and purpose of the Convention. Reservations can be withdrawn. To date, few reservations to article 2 have been withdrawn or modified by any State party and that reservations to article 16 are rarely withdrawn.3 1 Source ;the same source applies for the first five terms 2 Source For specific reservations by country visit the link 3 Reservations to Article 2 (Policy Measures) and Article 16 (Marriage and Family Life) are considered to be impermissible. The Committee holds the view that article 2 is central to the objects and purpose of the Convention. States parties which ratify the Convention do so because they agree that discrimination against women in all its forms should be condemned and that the strategies set out in article 2, subparagraphs (a) to (g), should be implemented by States parties to eliminate it. Neither traditional, religious or cultural practice nor incompatible domestic laws and policies can justify violations of the Convention. The Committee also remains convinced that reservations to article 16, whether lodged for national, traditional, religious or cultural reasons, are incompatible with the Convention and therefore impermissible and should be reviewed and modified or withdrawn. 4

5 PART TWO INFORMATION RESOURCES 5

6 Gender Information Brief PART 2 Selected Information Resources NATIONAL RESOURCES National Gender Policy (Beijing Platform for Action + Beijing +10 questionnaire if available) CEDAW report 2004 CEDAW or Beijing +10 shadow report PRSP and STRATEGIC COUNTRY GENDER ASSESSMENT Response to Beijing+5 Questionnaire (1999) available in pdf at trea.pdf (55 p.) Or on the National Union of Eritrean Women in HTML at Response to Beijing+10 Questionnaire (2004) available at TREA-ENGLISH.pdf (34 p.) Combined initial and second report (2004) available at (65 p.) Shadow reports not available Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper not available Strategic Country Gender Assessment not available ROLE/HOW TO USE THIS RESOURCE The Questionnaire provides information on the Objectives and status of implementation of the National Gender Equality Policy Provides information on women s situation in the country and a thorough report on the political, legal, administrative arrangements taken by the government under the various articles of the Convention. 6

7 NATIONAL INSTITUTIONS, NETWORKS, PEOPLE Institutional setup and National Machinery Academic Institutions of Particular relevance NGO Networks at National Level National Union of Eritrean Women President Ms. Luul Gebreab Franklin D. Roosevelt St. No. 12, Asmara P.O.Box: 239 tel: Fax: / Web: University of Asmara Office of Public Relations PO Box 1220 Asmara, Eritrea Tel: , ext. 259 Fax: Web: Consultancy, Training and Testing Center (CTTC) University of Asmara PO Box 3025 Asmara, Eritrea Phone: Fax: Consultancy services: Training services: Testing services: Admin/finance: The Agency for Co-operation and Research in Development (ACORD) Contact person: Hasebenebi Kaffel Zoba 4 Sub Zoba D2, Str 720 N. 16 PO Box 5538, ASMARA, Eritrea Ph#: 291 (1) Responsible for reporting on CEDAW and for the implementation of the Beijing National Action Plan on Gender Equality Can provide useful contacts and specific information about the country. The Consultancy, Training and Testing Center offers training programs that address Eritrea s need for highly trained professionals in information technology, business, development, and other applied disciplines. Aims at facilitating the social and economic reintegration of demobilized fighters through credit, skills training and income generation activities. The project has a particular focus on female ex-fighters, with the aim of identifying particular constraints they faced in their social 7

8 Fax#: acord@gemel.com.er Planned Parenthood Association of Eritrea P.O. Box 226, Asmara, Eritrea Tel: Fax: and economic reintegration process and in developing solutions to overcome these constraints together with the ex-fighters themselves. PPAE plays a leading role in the demonstration and provision of quality family planning, reproductive health information, education and services. After the re-establishment of the Association as a national NGO in 1992, it has trained over 100 service providers and educated over 20,000 people on the concepts of FP/RH. 8

9 INTERNATIONAL RESOURCE UN Common Country Assessment UNIFEM country profile CCA (2001) available at Eritrea_CCA_-_Eritrea_2001.pdf (102 p.) UNIFEM (womenwarpeace.org) country profile available in HTML at The document mainstreams gender in the analysis of the country situation and provides for useful focus boxes on gender-related development issues (ATTACHED IN PART 3). Provide a detailed analysis of the impact of war and armed conflict on women in the Fiji Islands. Provides useful links to statistics, data and reference documents. MDG 3 Progress report MDG Report not available WB or other most recent country gender profile Other existing gender analysis WB Summary Gender Profile available at es/eritrea.pdf (3 p.) A Gender Assessment of Health Parameters and Delivery Systems, Agricultural and Enterprise Development, and Women s Participation in Eritrea by USAID (2002) available at (118 p.) UNFPA country profile available in HTML at Gives a quick overview of the country gender situation through recent significant statistical data. Explores the country gender situation on terms of health and delivery care, employment and enterprise development and political participation; provides useful tables and statistical data. Provides useful data on population issues and an interactive cross-country statistical tool. Agencies particularly active in the country or at regional level UNECA-EA (United Nations Economic Commission for Africa East Africa Sub-regional Office ECA Office in East Africa Mr. Mbaye Diouf, Director Subregional Development Centre East Africa 9

10 P.O. Box 4654 Kigali, Rwanda Tel.: / Fax: Web : UNDP Eritrea UN House HDAY Street Asmara Eritrea P.O. Box 5366 Tel: (+291) FAX: (+291) registry.er@undp.org Web: UNIFEM - East and Horn of Africa Regional Office Regional Programme Director: UN Gigiri Complex Block Q, Rooms Nairobi KENYA Tel: or Fax: or nyaradzai.gumbonzvanda@undp.org Web: 10

11 African Women's Development & Communication Network FEMNET Off Westlands Road P. O. Box 54562, Nairobi, Kenya Tel: /20 Fax: Website: Regional NGO Networks of particular Relevance Centre for African Family Studies Pamstech House Woodvale Grove Westlands PO Box Nairobi, Kenya Telephone: (254) Fax: (254) Femmes Africa Solidarité (FAS) International Secretariat: Femmes Africa Solidarité (FAS) 8, rue du Vieux-Billard P.O. Box Geneva 11 - Switzerland Tel: Fax: info@fasngo.org Regional Office: Femmes Africa Solidarité (FAS) Stèle Mermoz Immeuble Rose Appt. No 31C P.O. Box Fann Dakar Senegal Tel: Fax: fas-ong@sentoo.sn 11