BMPs for the Control of Summer Patch on Annual Bluegrass Turf. Bruce B. Clarke, Ph.D. Rutgers University
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1 BMPs for the Control of Summer Patch on Annual Bluegrass Turf Bruce B. Clarke, Ph.D. Rutgers University
2 Summer Patch Causal Organism : Magnaporthe poae Susceptible Hosts : Annual Bluegrass Kentucky Bluegrass Fine Fescue Bentgrass Poa annua Poa pretensis Festuca spp. Agrostis spp.
3 PATCH DISEASES Caused by Ectotrophic Root-Infecting (ETRI) Fungi
4 PATCH DISEASES / ROOT PATHOGENS Bermudagrass Decline Kikuyugrass Decline Necrotic Ring Spot Spring Dead Spot Summer Patch Take-All Patch
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6 Peter Dernoeden
7 Richard Smiley
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12 IDENTIFICATION AND BIOLOGY OF THE FUNGUS
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17 Conditions Favoring Summer Patch Hot, Humid Weather Excessive Soil Moisture Low Mowing Height Soil Compaction / Poor Drainage
18 Impact of Cultural Practices on Summer Patch Development Compaction Nitrogen fertility Soil and rhizosphere ph
19 COMPACTION
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21 Effect of Compaction/Aerification on Summer Patch Severity Aerificatio n HVY (4X) HVY (2X) Compaction MOD (4X) MOD (2X) Non Comp Dp: S Dp: S & F Dp: F Sh: S Sh: S & F Sh: F None Mean Significant Difference = 3 inches
22 Sources of Nitrogen Urea Sulfur - Coated Urea Ammonium Sulfate Ammonium Chloride Calcium Nitrate Potassium Nitrate Nutralene Nitroform
23 Patch Severity Amonium SCU Nitrate Meth. Urea Urea UTC Jul 22-Jul 7-Aug 22-Aug Rating Date
24 No N
25 4 lb N/M Ca NO 3 Thompson, et. al., 1998
26 4 lb N/M AS Thompson et. al, 1998
27 Acidification of Soil by Nitrogen Source 4 lb N/1000 sq. ft / year Pot. Nitrate Ca. Nitrate No Nitrogen Urea Nutralene Nitroform SCU Amm. Chloride Amm. Sulfate
28 Disease severity Index (dia. X intensity) Suppression of summer patch symptoms with Ammonium Sulfate - Rutgers University Baron Kentucky Bluegrass 1.5 inch height * Aug. 30 Sep. 14 Sep. 21 Untreated Ammonium sulfate 0.2 lb N at onset of symptoms * = Means are significantly different according to the Waller-Duncan k-ratio t-test (k=100).
29 Summer Patch Management Aerify and Improve Drainage Raise Mowing Height during Heat Stress Overseed with Perennial Ryegrass, Tall Fescue, or Bentgrass Fertilize with Ammonium Sources, SCU; Avoid using Nitrate Source Maintain ph at or Below 6.0 Apply Pentrant Fungicides (2-4 gal water)
30 Question : Can acidifying nitrogen fertilizers reduce fungicide rate? Answer : Yes. It may, however, can take two to three years to occur.
31 Influence of N Form and Fungicide Rate on Summer Patch Severity Lynx AS Banner Sentinel Check High Rate Low Rate Lynx Urea Banner Sentinel Check % Disease Lynx 25DF 1.32/0.66; Banner 1.1E 4/2 fl oz; Sentinel 40WG 0.25/0.12 oz. Bent/Poa Green, Little Mill, CC, Marlton, NJ.
32 Evaluation of Fungicides for the Control of Summer Patch
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34 Control of Summer Patch I DMIs : - Banner, Bayleton, Eagle, Trinity, Triton, Tourney, Torque II Benzimidazoles : - Cleary 3336 III Strobilurins (QoI): - Compass, Disarm, Heritage, Insignia - Headway and Tartan IV Carboximides: Xzemplar (fluxapyroxad)
35 Summer Patch Control: (QoI left & Check right) Kentucky bluegrass
36 Control of Summer Patch on Kentucky Bluegrass Banner 2.0 fl oz 14d Heritage 0.2 oz 14d Heritage 0.4 oz 28d Insignia 0.5 oz 28d Ammonium Sulfate 0.2 lb N once Daconil Ultrex 3.2 oz 14d Untreated Check % Disease Aug 17-Aug 28-Aug 9-Sep Rating Date Rutgers 2002
37 Disease severity index / plot Effect of Fungicides on Summer Patch Kentucky Bluegrass : Rutgers, 2011* *Fungicides applied from May 27 to August 15 (Pillar = (Insignia + Trinity)
38 Suppressing Summer Patch with Selected fungicides on Kentucky Bluegrass : Rutgers University : 2011 Lexicon Intrinsic 4.17SC = Insignia + fluxapyroxad, Xzemplar 2.5SC = fluxapyroxad; Interval = 28
39 Suppression of Summer Patch by the Biological Control Product Companion on Kentucky Bluegrass Turf 1999 Companion microbial inoculant contains Bacillus subtilis GB03 (> 1.5 x CFU/L); Heritage 50WG 0.4 oz / 1,000 sq ft every 14-d; 3.9
40 Summer Patch Gallonage Study 2 gallons water / 1000 sq ft 5 gallons water / 1000 sq ft 10 gallons water / 1000 sq ft Fairway Study 3 yrs
41 % Disease Summer Patch Control Gal Water 10 Gal Water Banner Fungo 50 Tersan 1991 Cleary 3336 Control
42 Impact of Irrigation on Fungicide Effectiveness
43 Impact of Water Volume and Post- treatment Irrigation on Summer Patch in Kentucky Bluegrass Fungicide Amount of Water Carrier Amount of Irrigation Bayleton 2 gal/ Banner 5 gal/1000 ¼ inch Sentinel 10 gal/1000 ½ inch Rubigan 1 inch Tersan 1991 B.B. Clarke & D.C. Thompson Rutgers University
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45 Summer Patch Chemical Control DMIs, Benzimidazoles, Strobilurins, and certain Carboximides Use full label rates 3 times / season in areas with a history of summer patch Apply in 2-4 gal water / 1000 ft 2 or Irrigate mmediately after spraying Timing Soil temp. 65 o 2 depth for 5 to 7 consecutive days
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47 TAKE-ALL PATCH Causal Agent: Gaeumannomyces graminis var. avenae Hosts: Agrostis stolonifera (creeping bentgrass) A. tenuis (colonial bentgrass) A. canina (velvet bentgrass)
48 Dernoeden (Univ. MD)
49 Poa annua Dernoeden (Univ. MD)
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51 IDENTIFICATION AND BIOLOGY OF THE FUNGUS
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57 Take-all Decline of Bentgrass Generally, Take-All Decline (TAD) starts within 3-5 Years after the disease first appears In wheat, TAD has been linked to a buildup of producing fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. and other Bacteria Root colonizing bacteria inhibit growth of the pathogen on root surfaces (i.e. antagonism) and eventually brings about TAD Dernoeden (Univ. MD)
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59 Factors Believed to Enhance Take-All Patch Cool Temperatures ( F) Ample Soil Moisture High Soil or Rhizosphere ph (>6.5) Sandy, Light-Textured Soils Fumigated or Recently Cleared Land
60 Take-All Patch Control Question : What is the impact of soil ph and nitrogen source on disease severity?
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62 Relationship Between Take-all Severity and Soil ph ٠ positive correlation between rhizosphere ph and take-all severity in wheat and bentgrass ٠ suppressive effect of NH 4 fertilizers related to reduction in rhizosphere ph Smiley & Cook Phytopathology 63:882
63 Effect of N-Sources on Take-all Patch in Colonial Bentgrass N-Source* Rate % Diseased Area Ib/M kg/ha 12 Jul 12 Oct. 22 Nov Ammonium Phos Ammonium Sulfate Untreated *Applied 12 July and 8 August SMITH, 1956
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65 Roles of Mn in Take-all Manganese ٠G. graminis oxidizes Mn 2+ to Mn 3+ or Mn 4+, rendering it unavailable to the plant ٠Results in a localized deficiency of Mn ٠Weakens plant s resistance ٠Mn applications reduces take-all severity
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68 % Disease Incidence Influence of Mn and Cu on Take-all Patch on a Bentgrass Fairway a a ab a b Year 1 Year 2 15 bc bc b 10 d d d cd Mn 0 Mn 1 Mn 1 Mn 2 Mn 2 Mn 0 Cu 0.7 Cu 0 Cu 0.7 Cu 0 CU 0.7 Cu lb / A Heckman et. al.,
69 R E D U C I N G P L A N T S T R E S S
70 Take-All Management For Greens Increase mowing height and reduce the mowing frequency in the summer symptoms are apparent Use acidifying fertilizers during cool weather to reduce burn potential Apply foliar applications of Mn (2 lb Mn/A) Syringe frequently / hand water and suspend core aeration when symptoms are present
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72 Integrated Management of Take-all Patch Resistant Species / Cultivars ٠Fescues, bluegrasses, and ryegrasses are not affected by take-all patch ٠Little known about relative susceptibility of bentgrass species and cultivars
73 Take-all Patch Resistance: Rutgers University Penncross Princeville Crenshaw SR7100 SR1020 Penn G-6 Penneagle L-93 Southshor Penn A-4 Seaside II Putter SR7200 Penn A-1 Penn G-2 Providence Percent Disease 20ºC, GgaMat5
74 Take-All Control: Past Research 1956 J. D. Smith Limestone application enhances disease Jackson Organo-mercury fungicides effective Dernoeden PMAS (1 fl oz) Bayleton 25DF (4 oz). (green) 1989 Chastagner Fall applications of & Staley Rubigan, Bayleton, and Banner most effective.
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76 Management of Take-All Patch with Fungicides Fungicides reduce TA but do not eliminate it Preventive Treatments are best - Timing: Oct. + Nov. + Apr. + May Products* - azoxystrobin (Heritage) - pyraclostrobin (Insignia) - fluoxastrobin (Disarm) - propiconazole (Banner MAXX) - fenarimol (Rubigan) - triadimefon (Bayleton) *Apply in 4 GPA with flat fan nozzles and high pressure
77 Any Questions?
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