Convention time line IMO update IMO continues to work towards convention ratification

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1 IHS Maritime Guide to Ballast Water t Treatment Systems 2014 Sponsored by

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3 Sponsored by IHS Maritime Guide to Ballast Water Treatment Systems 2014 Contents Introduction As the tenth anniversary of the Ballast Water Management Convention approaches, it seems unlikely that there will be celebrations considering the delays and continued uncertainty Convention time line IMO update IMO continues to work towards convention ratification How systems work An explanation of the principles behind ballast water management technology Systems update An update on what different ballast water management systems have to offer Systems status table Your quick guide to the current approval status of different commercial systems Shipowners fear regulation breach Shipowners find they have a complex legal maze over ballast water management issues Partnership is key RWO says it is technology and bespoke services that lead to repeatorders 2014 IHS 3

4 IHS Maritime Guide to Ballast Water Treatment Systems 2014 Sponsored by Thelog jamis still growing > Another year has passed and the International Maritime Organization s (IMO s) Ballast Water Management (BWM) Convention remains close to but not at the ratifications needed for it to come into force. The delay has been so long that some among the ranks of ballast water manufacturers must be anxious to get started on the thousands of retrofits, thinking that the hoped-for bonanza will never arrive. Since thelast issue of this guide, afew more signatures have been added, but at least three more are still required if Panama cannot be persuaded to sign. IMO SecretaryGeneral Koji Sekimizu s serious concern overthe lack of progress appears nottobematched by his fellowcountryman andinternational Chamber of Shipping (ICS) chairman, Masamichi Morooka. Thehead of theshipowners association said recently thatthe organisation he leads will continue to refrain from actively encouraging those administrations thathaveyet to ratify the BWMConvention to deliverthe additional ratifications thatwould bring about immediate entryintoforce. Of course, both are entitled to their opinion, but events in the US, where rules are already in place requiring ships to be fitted with an approved system(even though no such system currently exists), will mean that some owners at least will be obliged to bite the bullet andfitasystem on their vessels. The big crunch will come when theconvention is eventually adopted. Very few of thenewbuildings launched since the convention was initially planned to come into force haveactually been equipped with a treatment system. Thespacefor one has usually been built into the engine room layout, making retrofit easier,but these vessels, along with all existing ships, will have to join the scrum for yard space for asystemtobefitted. Even the extended roll-out overfive years is starting to look difficult to achieve IHS 4

5 WE UNDERSTAND BALLAST WATER TREATMENT At Severn Trent De Nora, we have over 35 years of leadership and expertise in providing electrolytic disinfection treatment solutions. Setting new standards with the Type-Approved BALPURE ballast water treatment system, we have created a simple, reliable and cost-effective solution for both retrofits and newbuilds. Easy to install Easy to operate Low capital cost Low operating cost Non-corrosive Operator safe Suitable for hazardous cargo area installations Surpasses IMO D-2 standards by ten-fold To learn why BALPURE is the right ballast water treatment solution for you, contact [email protected] or visit USCG CERTIFIED ALTERNATE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (AMS)

6 IHS Maritime Guide to Ballast Water Treatment Systems 2014 Sponsored by Delays for all reasons > As the 10th anniversary of the 2004 IMO Ballast Water Management Convention approaches, many ship operators are probably trying to hide their secret pleasure that Panama and several other maritime nations have so far held out against all the pleadings of regulators to get the convention ratified as soon as possible. There are now 38 signatories to the convention, with only 30 required, but these represent only slightly more than 30% of world tonnage, while 35% is needed. The convention was adopted in 2004 but the lack of approved systems at the time was the main reason why rolling deadlines were set for newvessels built in 2009 with certain sizes of ballast tank. More recently, other issues affecting the convention s implementation have been identified, causing IMO member states to further delayratification. One of these issues has been the obvious disconnect between the approval of systems and the future policing of the ballast water discharge standards by Port State Control authorities. With almost any other technology employed onboard a modern ship it is possible for the crew to ascertain if a piece of equipment is operating as it should. In some cases this is done by sensors that can measure such things as temperature, levels of NOx or SOx, andinothers by mere virtue of the fact that the engine is turning and things are behaving normally. With ballast water this is most definitely not the case. Providing the ballast water 2014 IHS 6

7 Sponsored by IHS Maritime Guide to Ballast Water Treatment Systems 2014 passes through the system from the intake to the tanks, the crew can only assume the system is working as it should. The ballast treatment standards contained in the D2 regulation of the convention involve the disinfection of ballast watertoremove microscopic organisms, which may or may not be present in the water when ballasting takes place. There is as yet no means by which ship crew can detectiforganisms are present andifsoinwhatquantity. Neither is there any way that the crew can determine if, after treatment, the organisms present have been rendered unviable or killed. It is this lack of control overthe quality of ballast wateronboard, coupled with someearlier aggressiveposturing by statesoverenforcement of theconvention, that has caused loudly voiced distrust by theshipping industry. Thatdistrust has been picked up on by regulators, perhaps realising thatwithout supportfrom theship operators, somestateswould continue to hold outagainstratification. Stringent process As aconsequence,there has been a softening in attitude at theimo.the Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) Sub-committee on Bulk Liquids andgases meeting in 2012 (BLG16) debatedthe industry sconcerns thatportstate Control s (PSC s) proposed methods for sampling and analysis were actually more stringent than thosebeing used to test the ballast water management systems in thetype approval process. In a submission to the IMO s MEPC 64 inoctober 2012 a groupcomprising representatives from Bahamas, Greece, Japan, Liberia, andpanama, together with industry bodies ICS, Intertanko, Intermanager,BIMCO,and SIGTTO expanded on the concerns, explaining that this could mean that type-approved systems that are operated according to their manufacturers specifications could be non-compliant if the discharge is tested by PSC. This was followed up at BLG 17 in February 2013, when the same group argued that no sampling exercises should be undertaken before the IMO had completed robust, transparent, and simple PSC sampling guidelines. The sub-committee agreed and a draft circular on guidance relating to ballast water sampling and analysis was passed forward to MEPC 65. This included a trial period during which sampling would be carried out without any sanction, but in which port states would still have the authority to issue deficiencies and detain vessels should the certification and necessary ballast water management documentation contravene requirements. Some members of the group stressed the need to ensure that the sampling and analysis procedures are no more stringent than those required for type approval. The trial period recommended by BLG 17 was for two-to-three years following entry into force of the convention, with member states encouraged to immediately begin using the sampling and analysis procedures for scientific and research purposes, reporting their findings to the sub-committee. The US reserved its position on the suggested principle of No criminal sanctions solely on the basis of sampling, given that details of the proposal still needed to be worked out IHS 7

8 IHS Maritime Guide to Ballast Water Treatment Systems 2014 Sponsored by The recommendations are now being dealt with by the new Sub-committee on Implementation of IMO Instruments (III) formed in the 2013 restructuring of the IMO committee framework. Simultaneous with the debate over PSC sampling was the contention that the type approval process itself is not rigorous or transparently applied by all states. This has led to acall for awholesale revision of the type approval process. The reasons behind this and the requested actions are contained in asubmission to MEPC 66 by ICS, BIMCO, Intercargo, Intertanko, andwsc. Part of the submission says that: Ballast water systems that have been approved to the original guidance must be considered prototypes, with little evidence that they will work and continue working over time and in all conditions to the standards required > Capacity concerns Shipownersoften experience problems like mussel fouling with ballast water Ballast watertreatmentsystems are definitely notcheap, can be demanding of space and, dependinguponship size and thetechnology involved,can addunwanted weight to thevessel. It is therefore not surprising that in thedepth of arecessionfew owners have bothered to take theplungeand installasystemtocomply witha convention that currentlyhas no legal forceand maynot be in forcefor severalyears yet. As aresult, abacklogofnewbuildings that have ignored therequirement to have asystem fitted on delivery hasbuilt up over thepast five yearsorso. Even if thefinal signatures needed on theconvention are addedlaterthis year,there is still aone-yearlead-in time, so it will have been more than sixyears afterthe IMO s plannedinitial deadline before that first cohortof vesselsisobliged to comply.ifsome degreeofleeway is notagreed before theconventionis ratified,anintendednine-year programme will be telescoped into four. There isofcourse the IMO s own recommendation that once the convention enters into force, arelaxed installation regime will be adopted until such time as the convention wording can be amended something that is not legally possible while the convention has been adopted but not ratified. It is beginning to dawn on the industry and regulators that this will be amajor hurdle toovercome. Most of theyears since 2009 have setrecords for ship production.soevenallowing forthe fact that IHS 2014 IHS 8

9 Sponsored by IHS Maritime Guide to Ballast Water Treatment Systems 2014 to pass the rigorous port state analysis now being considered. Elsewhere the submission requests: If the committee agrees to amend theg8 guidelines or the convention as described above,it would be unfair to penalise shipowners that in good faith have already purchased or installed type-approved BWMS or to require them to remove and replace their existing type-approved systems. Vessels that are equipped with G8-based IMO typeapproved systems by a specified date (date to be determined) could be deemed to have IMO type-approved systems, even after new testing protocols have been adopted, for the remaining life of the system or the vessel, whichever is shorter. Whether the IMO accepts the industry s view remains to be seen. If it does, then along delay to the convention coming into force would seem to be inevitable. thelargest vessels, with ballast capacities above 5,000m 3,wereexemptuntil 2012,there are likely to be more than 12,000 vessels below four years of age built without systems.add in the 2,000-3,000 vessels being produced each year that the convention remains unratified and the number of ships without systemsmushrooms far beyond what was initially perceived. When theconventioniseventually ratified, allofthose will be joining theranks of vessels builtbefore2009 and jostling in thequeues forsystems and looking for yard space for retrofits. Thereare cases of systems having been retrofitted in averyshortspace of time, butthese are exceptional and in most cases thesystem makers themselves will saythatthe average time neededwill be closer to 14 days.thatfigure couldperhaps be reducedbyridingsquads on vesselsmaking preparatory work whilethe ship is operational. Forthe vast majority of ships, theregular scheduleddrydocking period is about sevendays half of thetimethatsystemmakerssay will likely be neededtoinstall aretrofit. This means that almost everyship will lose aroundseven days of operational income on topofthe capital outlay on thechosensystem. As if that were notaproblem enough,the ship will be occupying drydockspace that is normally neededfor otherships. Notevery drydockaround theworld is operating at 100% capacity,but very feware utilisedatjust50% or below, so it would seemthatthe time neededtoretrofitsystems cannotbeabsorbed by drydocks alone. Using riding squads on almost every ship could solve that problem, but to do that would mean a need for personnel that conceivablydonot exist in the numbers that would be required.it also means that equipment wouldneedtobeshipped notonly to the drydock but also to intermediatepoints on an individual ship s itinerary.both the extra shipping andthe fact that riding squads tend to be more expensive than drydock workers andthe cost of systems to owners grows even more. Rolling deadlines were set for new vessels built in 2009 with certain sizesofballast tanks International Maritime Organization 2014 IHS 9

10 IHS Maritime Guide to Ballast Water Treatment Systems 2014 Sponsored by How systemswork > The technology used to treat ballast water has generally been derived from other industrial applications, such as wastewater treatment systems, in which forms of solid-liquid separation and disinfection processes were applied. The separation process concerns the removal of solid suspended material from the ballast waterbysedimentation or straining by means of a filter.this produces a waste stream that comprisesbackwashwater from the filtering or a hydrocyclone operation. The waste stream is discharged during ballasting. Disinfection may be achieved in a number of ways.chemical treatment uses oxidising biocides that interfere with the microorganism s organic structure or non-oxidising biocides that interact with reproductive or metabolic functions. Physico-chemical treatment systems use ultraviolet (UV) light, heat, or cavitation. Deoxygenation is another method, in which the organism is asphyxiated. So, there are three fundamental ballast watertreatment technologies, which are generally combined in one system. These are mechanical, which consists of filtration or cyclonic separation; physical disinfection, comprising ultrasound, UV radiation, heat, cavitation, deoxygenation, andcoagulation; andchemical treatment and biocides, comprising electro-chlorination, ozonation, chlorination, chlorine dioxide, andadvancedoxidation. Most systems use atwo-stageapproach involving mechanical separation at the first stage, followedbyasecond-stagephysical/ chemical treatment, at which some systems use acombination of twoor more treatments. Operational implications, extended ballasting time as a result of pressure drops, consumables needed, and energy > Treatment technology type and symbol Mechanical 1. Cyclonicseparation (hydrocyclone) 2. Filtration Chemical treament and biocides 1. Clorination 2. Chlorine dioxide 3. Advanced oxidation 4. Residualcontrol (sulphite/bisulphate) 5. Peraclean Ocean Physical disinfection 1. Coagulation/flocculation 2. Ultrasound 3. Ultraviolet 4. Heat 5. Cavitation 6. Deoxygenation 7. Electro-chlorination/electrolysis 8. Electro-catalysis 9. Ozonation 2014 IHS 10

11 Sponsored by IHS Maritime Guide to Ballast Water Treatment Systems 2014 requirements all need to be assessed (see page 45). Shipowners and operators should consider the design of the ballast system pipe layout as some systems make use of components that can be placedat various locations around the ship. For those systems that use active substancestotreatmicro-organisms, sufficient stocks of those substanceswillhave to be carried on board to satisfy thenumber of units installed and the frequency and quantity of ballast operations. Those that use the effect of UV on water or the properties of seawater to generate electric currents to generate activesubstancesdonot require carriageof further substances. IHS Maritime compares the various technologies, each of which has its own symbol as shown in the key on page 10. Descriptions of each of the available ballast water systems are provided in the next chapter and are allocated symbols for their technology type. Disinfection byproducts are an issue, and they are central to the approval of systems thatemployanactivesubstance.generally, these systems treat on uptake only,with the exception of those that use neutralising agents before discharge. > Physical, mechanical, or chemical? Solid-liquid separation Thefiltration processuses discsorfixedscreens with automaticbackwashing and is generally effective forlargerorganisms and particles. Thelow membranepermeability meansthat surface filtration is notpractical,sobackwashing is required to maintain flowbecause of the pressure drop. As ameans of removing larger particles, hydrocyclones are agood alternative. These separate the particles through high-velocity centrifugal rotation of the water. Both filtration and cyclonic separation can be improved by pre-treatment inthe form of coagulation, but this needs extra tank space and an ancillary powder to generate the flocculants (flocs). Oxidising biocides When diluted in water, chlorinedestroyscell wallsoforganisms,while electro-chlorination createsanelectrolyticreaction using adirect currentinthe water. Both methodsare well established municipally and industrially,but are virtually ineffective againstcysts unless aconcentration of at least 2mgalitre is used. Ozonegas,which is bubbledthrough the water, is effective at killing micro-organisms.it produces abromate byproductand requires an ozonate generator. Chlorine dioxide is effective, particularlyinhigh-turbiditywaters.ithas a half-life of 6 12 hours, butsuppliers sayitcan be safely discharged within 24 hours. Physical disinfection When ultraviolet(uv)irradiation is used, amalgamlamps surroundedbyquartzsleeves produceuvlight,which changes themolecular structureofthe organismand therebypreventsit from reproducing. The deoxygenation method relies on reducing the pressure ofoxygen inthe space above the water byinjecting an inert gas or inducing a vacuum. The removal of oxygen may also lead to areduction in corrosion. If heat isemployed totreat the ballast water, the water can be used to provide engine cooling while being disinfected IHS 11

12 IHS Maritime Guide to Ballast Water Treatment Systems 2014 Sponsored by Systems update PureBallast Alfa Laval 2 3 > Alfa Laval s PureBallast, which was developed in cooperation with Wallenius Water, is a mature system that is now in its third generation. PureBallast 3.0 is a highly compact and energy-efficient ballast water treatment system. Operating without chemicals, it uses an enhanced form of ultraviolet (UV) treatment to reduce organisms in ballast watertoimo and US Coast Guard (USCG) limits. The modular system accommodatesawiderangeof ballast water capacities and is competitive throughout theflow rangeupto6,000m 3 /h. Individual PureBallast 3.0 reactors handle 300, 600, or 1,000m 3 /h andare connected in parallel up to 3,000m 3 /h, after which dual systems are used. In PureBallast 3.0, thereactorconstruction has been rethought inside and out. While the treatment principles remain unchanged, the reactor sconstruction and flow have been fully optimised. One energy-efficient reactor can now achieve what four did before, the manufacturer says. This has major advantages in three key areas: space savings;energy savings;and increased flexibility and flow.treatment with PureBallast 3.0 consists of standard UV treatment enhanced byadvanced Oxidation Technology (AOT). UV light neutralises organisms either directly or through damage to their DNA, while AOT creates free radicals that cause irreversible cell membrane damage. During ballasting the incoming waterfirst passes through thefilter, which is designed to remove organisms and particles larger than 50µm. The water then continues through the reactors, which treat the watertoestablished limits before it enters the ballast water tanks. The power used is minimised by an automatic dimming function. In deballasting thefilter unit is bypassed. PureBallast is also available in Zone 1,IIC, andt4-compatible explosion-proof (EX) versions. The design of EX systems is greatly simplified with PureBallast 3.0. Lamp drive cabinets can nowbeplaced up to 150m away from the reactors they serve,which means the power supply can be safely located outside the hazardous zone. AquaStar Aqua Engineering 2 7 > The AquaStar ballast water management system (BWMS), developed by Aqua Engineering of Busan, has been granted basic andfinal approval for the activesubstance used andhas type approval in South Korea. It is available in 10 models, from small to large, for different vessel types andsizes. Fivemodels have EX-proof certificates. The two-stage process starts with the use of a smart pipe (which is subject to a Korean patent) and active treatment with sodium hypochlorite, which is formed in situ by the electrolysis of seawater in the ballast water main pipe. This physically affects aquatic organisms larger than 50µm. Thesecondstageconsists of four independent in-line electrolyser units. Each can be arranged independently,vertically or horizontally.the electrolyser is controlled from an integrated, automatic system which has a master and local control unit and incorporates the ballast pump. Flammable 2014 IHS 12

13 Sponsored by IHS Maritime Guide to Ballast Water Treatment Systems 2014 hydrogen gas is taken out of the vessel through a gas separator system. Residual oxidants are neutralised during deballasting by the controlled injection from aneutralisation unit of sodium thiosulphate.the AquaStar system does not include a filtration process, which the manufacturer claims should do away with clogged systems and the cleaning and replacement of units. Anolyte Atlas Danmark 2 7 > Named after the disinfecting agent it uses a biocide mixture this system also uses filtration and a reducing agent, known ascatolyte. Atlas Danmark describes theanolyte disinfection agent as electrochemical-activatedwater that contains a mixture of reactive molecules and meta-stable ions and free radicals. The company says the disinfection agent destroys itself during the disinfection process, thereby ensuring that the environment and the crew are notendangered. TheAnolyteistaken from available tanks or those built into the vessel and is injected into the ballast water treatment system (BWTS) by a dosing pump that can be anywhere between the storage tank and the ballast water intake connection. The electrolytic cells used in the BWTS act as thecatolyte reducing agent. During the process, thecatolyte is fed directly to one or more of the ballast tanks. After Anolyte disinfection, thecatolyte is said to slightly increase the ph value andcorrosion resistance in the ballast water tanks. Ozone and other compounds in theanolyte are injected during natural flow of the ballast pumps and filters. When added to the filtered ballast water, all micro-organisms are reportedly killed within a few seconds. By using a self-cleaning, prefiltration filter of less than 50µm, theanolyte portion is reportedtobesubstantially reduced, depending on the filter size. CrystalBallast Auramarine 2 3 > The CrystalBallast treatment system is based on a two-step process. Automatic filtration to remove sediment and larger organisms is followedbyanintensive treatment using a medium-pressure UV unit to disinfect and destroy smaller plankton, bacteria, and pathogens. The use of automatic filtration enables the treatment dose to be reduced and saves energy.all organisms and particles removedbythe filter are continually returned to the sea at the ballasting site. The second step, CrystalBallast UV light disinfection, is chemical-free, which removes the risk of additional corrosion or tank coating damage. Ballast water is treated using the complete process during intake and re-treated during discharge through the UV reactor only. The re-treatment during discharge is necessary to eliminate possible regrowth of bacteria in ballast tanks because of cross-contamination. The CrystalBallast Active Flow Control (AFC) system keeps theflow within the overall system s maximum rated treatment capacity.the AFC also ensures that there is adequate counter-pressure for the filter during the cleaning cycles. The flow data from theafc system is logged in the control system memoryalong with the UV treatment intensity information. CrystalBallast systems offer advanced automation with cross-communication with existing vessel systems. High-quality duplex materials for the filter screen and UV reactor give the system a long lifetime in the extremely corrosive environment of ballast water. CrystalBallast 2014 IHS 13

14 IHS Maritime Guide to Ballast Water Treatment Systems 2014 Sponsored by Current approval status of ballast water treatment systems Manufacturer System Country Process Active substance approval AlfaLaval AB PureBallast 2.0 & 2.0EX Sweden Filtration, UV, oxidation AlfaLaval AB PureBallast 3.0 Sweden Filtration, UV, oxidation Aqua Engineering Co. Ltd Type approval Approved Approved Website AquaStar Korea Filtration, UV Final Approved Auramarine Ltd CrystalBallast Finland Filtration, UV Approved com BIO-UV AS BIO-SEA France Filtration, UV Approved Cathelco Cathelco UK Filtration, UV Coldharbour Marine Gas Lift Defusion UK Ultrasound, deoxygenation COSCO Shipbuilding Industrial Company Dalian Marine University DESMI Ocean Guard AS Blue Ocean Shield China Cyclonic, filtration, UV DMU OH China Filtration, advanced oxidation Oxyclean Denmark Filtration, UV, ozonation Dow Chemical Pacific Dow Pinnacle Singapore Filtration, ozonation Ecochlor ES USA Filtration, chlorination Envirotech &Consultancy(Pte) Ltd Envirotech &Consultancy(Pte) Ltd BlueSeas Singapore Filtration, electrolysis, chemical injection BlueWorld Singapore Filtration, electrolysis, chemical injection Erma First Erma First Greece Cyclonic, electrolysis, electrochlorination Evoqua Water Technologies Ferrate Treatment Technologies GEA Westfalia Separator Group GmbH GEA Westfalia Separator Group GmbH SeaCURE Germany Filtration, electrolysis, electrochlorination Basic Approved Final Approved Final Approved Basic Final com.sg com.sg Final Approved Final Approved Ferrate USA Ferrate Basic BallastMaster ecop Germany Filtration, electrolysis, electrochlorination BallastMaster ultrav Germany Filtration, UV Approved Hamworthy Greenship BV Greenship Sedinox Netherlands Cyclonic, electrochlorination Final com 2014 IHS 14

15 Sponsored by IHS Maritime Guide to Ballast Water Treatment Systems 2014 Manufacturer System Country Process Active substance approval Hanla IMS Co. Ltd EcoGuardian Korea Filtration, electrolysis, electrochlorination Basic Type approval Website Headway Technology Co. Ltd OceanGuard China Filtration, advanced oxidation, electro-catalysis Final Approved com Hi Tech Marine SeaSafe-3 Australia Heat Approved com.au Hitachi Plant Technologies Ltd Hwaseung R&S Co. Ltd ClearBallast Japan Filtration, flocculation HS-BALLAST Korea Electrolysis, electro-chlorination Final Approved Basic Hyde Marine Inc. Hyde GUARDIAN USA Filtration, UV Approved com Hyundai Heavy Industries Co. Ltd Hyundai Heavy Industries Co. Ltd JFE Engineering Corporation JFE Engineering Corporation Jiangsu Nanjing MachineryCo. Ltd EcoBallast Korea Filtration, UV Final Approved HiBallast Korea Filtration, electrolysis, electrochlorination BallastAce Japan Filtration, chlorination NeoChlor Marine Japan Filtration, chlorination NiBallast China Filtration, membrane separation, deoxygenation Final Approved Final Approved Final Approved Jiujiang PMTR Institute OceanDoctor China Filtration, UV, advanced oxidation Basic Katayama Chemical, Inc. Katayama Chemical, Inc. SPO-System Japan Filtration, chemical, cavitation Sky-System Japan Filtration, chemical Basic Basic Korea TopMarine (KT Marine) Co. Ltd Knutsen Ballast Vann AS KTM Korea Cavitation, electrolysis, electrochlorination Basic co.kr KBAL Norway UV Approved com Kuraray Co. Ltd Microfade Japan Filtration, chlorination Final Approved IHS 15

16 IHS Maritime Guide to Ballast Water Treatment Systems 2014 Sponsored by Manufacturer System Country Process Active substance approval Kwang San Co. Ltd EnBallast Korea Filtration, electrolysis, electrochlorination Basic Type approval Website com Kwang San Co. Ltd BioViolet Korea Filtration, UV com Mahle Industrial Filtration Ocean Protection System Germany Filtration, UV Approved MH Systems MH Systems USA Deoxygenation Mitsui Engineering & Shipbuilding Co. Ltd FineBallast OZ Japan Filtration, ozonation, cavitation Final Approved Mitsui Engineering & Shipbuilding Co. Ltd MMC Green TechnologyAS NEI Treatment Systems LLC FineBallast MF Japan Membrane filter Awaited Approved MMC Norway Filtration, UV VOS USA Deoxygenation Approved com NK Co. Ltd NK-03 Blue Ballast Korea Ozonation Final Approved Ocean Saver AS Ocean Saver Mark I Norway Filtration, deoxygenation, cavitation, electrodialytic disinfection Ocean Saver AS Ocean Saver Mark II Norway Filtration and electrodialytic disinfection Final Approved com Final Approved com Optimarin AS OBS Norway Filtration, UV Approved com Panasia Co. Ltd GloEn-Patrol Korea Filtration, UV Approved com Redox Maritime Technologies AS Redox AS Norway Filter,ozonation, UV Basic Basic com Panasia Co. Ltd GloEn-Saver Korea Filtration, electrolysis, electrochlorination Resource Ballast Technologies (Pty) Ltd Resource Ballast South Africa Filtration, cavitation, ozonation, electrolysis, electro-chlorination Final Approved IHS 16

17 Sponsored by IHS Maritime Guide to Ballast Water Treatment Systems 2014 Manufacturer System Country Process Active substance approval RWO CleanBallast Germany Filtration, electrolysis, electrochlorination Type approval Website Final Approved Samsung Heavy Industries Co. Ltd Samsung Heavy Industries Co. Ltd Purimar Korea Filtration, electrolysis, electrochlorination Final Approved Final Neo-Purimar Korea Filtration, electrolysis, electrochlorination Severn Trent Services Shanghai Cyeco Environmental TechnologyCo. Ltd BALPURE USA Filtration, electrolysis, electrochlorination Final Approved Cyeco China Filtration, UV Approved STX Metals Co. Ltd Smart Ballast Korea Electrolysis, electro-chlorination Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd Final co.kr SEI Japan Filter,UV com Sunbo Industries Co. Ltd and the Korean Institute of Machineryand Material SunRui Marine Environment Engineering Co. Blue Zone Korea Ozonation Basic BalClor China Filtration, electrolysis, electrochlorination Final Approved Techcross Electro-Cleen Korea Electrolysis, electrochlorination Final Approved com Trojan Marinex Trojan Marinex BWT Canada Filtration, UV N/A Approved VanOord BV VanOord BWMS Netherlands Chlorination Basic Wärtsilä Water Systems Ltd Wärtsilä Water Systems Ltd Aquarius EC Finland Filtration, electrolysis, electrochlorination Basic Approved Aquarius UV Finland Filtration, UV Approved Wuxi Brightsky Electronic Co. Ltd BSKY China Filtration, UV Approved 21st CenturyCo. Ltd ARA Plasma Korea Filtration, Plasma, UV Final Approved IHS 17

18 IHS Maritime Guide to Ballast Water Treatment Systems 2014 Sponsored by is a scalable system, with standard versions from 75 1,500m 3 /h. All standard versions are available in both factory-tested skid-mounted modules and as modular retrofit kits. Retrofit engineering, supervising, andinstallation services are also available through Auramarine. CrystalBallast water treatment systems have passed the stringent verification of DNVto achieve type approval. Auramarine also has ISO 9001 and ISO certificates, proving its dedication to high-quality products. The BIO-SEA system is available in modular or container form for retrofits, and in on-skid versions for newbuilds. BIO-SEA benefits from aworldwide sales and service network and is type approved by Bureau Veritas. BIO-UV has 14 years of experience in designing and manufacturing UV water treatment systems. In March 2014, BIO-UV secured Alternate Management System (AMS) approval from the US Coast Guard. This means shipowners can use the system in US waters. BIO-SEA BIO-UV 2 3 Cathelco 2 3 Cathelco > The BIO-SEA system was developed in France and uses filtration and UV. It has been approved according to theg8 guidelines from the IMO.Itismodular and scalable in size from 50 2,000m 3 /h, or higher on request. Ballast water is cleansed using a 40µm filtering element to retain suspended solids and zooplankton. Filter size is dependent on system capacity and the ballast pump flow rate. BIO-UV offers a choice of two filter types: standard or compact. The filter is equipped with automatic back-flushing. There is no disruption of the filtration process during the cleaning cycle and no significant variation in the treatedflow rate.the UV stage of the treatment takes place in a reactorwith a single polychromatic, medium-pressure, high-intensity UV lamp housed in a protective quartz sleeve. Each UV reactortreats 100m 3 /h. A sensor monitors andcontrols the intensity of the UV. On larger systems, more reactors are installed in parallel, in accordance with the ballast pump flow rate.treatment with UV also takes place at discharge. The system features acontrol module with a touchscreen. Control can be deported and exercised manually or programmed for fully automatic treatment. > The Cathelco BWTS is based on a combination of filtration and UV technology, an approach which does notinvolvethe use of chemicals. Units are available with capacities from 50m 3 /h to 2,400m 3 /h, or up to 1,200m 3 /h per single system. During uptake, seawater passes through the filter unit, where larger organisms and sediments are removed. Regular back-flushing ensures that these are discharged at the original ballasting site. The seawatercontinues to UV treatment, when smaller organisms, bacteria, and pathogens are rendered harmless. The system automatically adjusts to different qualities of seawater, compensating when necessary for high levels of sediment. This is achieved by measuring a sample of seawater before it reaches the UV chambers using a UV transmittance (UVT) sensor a veryaccurate way of calculating thecorrect UV dose. Each UV chamber has twolamps and specially designed inlet pipework thatcauses thewatertoflow along it in ahelix. This ensuresthe maximum surface area is exposed to the UV light, increasing the efficiency of the process. The foam ball cleaning system 2014 IHS 18

19 Compliance with Confidence When we tested our BWT system we took it to levels that exceed IMO specifications so that you could have complete confidence about its performance. For instance, it s one of a few systems that functions effectively in both fresh water and sea water. Beyond this it has numerous innovative features for reliability and ease of operation. Combines advanced filtration and UV technology. Completely chemical free. Low CAPEX and OPEX. Precise adjustment to different water qualities. Unique helix flow through UV chambers. Foam ball cleaning system. Backed by 50 years of experience in the marine industry. IMO Type Approved Telephone: +44 (0) [email protected] Web:

20 IHS Maritime Guide to Ballast Water Treatment Systems 2014 Sponsored by removes residue from the quartz sleeves without the use of chemicals. Cathelco is expecting to receivetype approval from the IMO for the BWTS in the first quarter of 2014 and willthen immediately apply for USCGAMS approval. Gas Lift Diffusion Coldharbour Marine 2 > Specifically designed and optimised for large tankers, LNG/LPG carriers and bulkers, UK-based Coldharbour Marine s Gas Lift Diffusion (GLD) system operates in-tank rather than in-line.flow rates are irrelevant, as ballasting continues as normal, so there are no filters to block or back-flush, no pressure drops, and no additional powerrequirements. TheGLD system uses inert gas produced by the Coldharbour Sea Guardian Inert Gas Generator(IGG), which is linked to specially designed GLD pipe assemblies inside the ship s ballast tanks. Sea Guardian is designed to generate ultra-clean, very-low-oxygen inert gas and, according to Coldharbour, is compact and largely maintenance-free. During a portion of the voyage, the output from the IGG is pumpedby standard marine compressors to thegld units inside the ballast tanks in which the treatment takes place. TheGLD units use natural fluid dynamics to thoroughly stir the ballast tanks and diffuse the inert gas into the water. Untreated water is drawn into the GLD assemblies from the base of the ballast tank and, as the inert gas diffuses into the water through thegld unit, oxygen is stripped from the water. Meanwhile, the elevated level of C0 2 in theinert gas temporarily reduces theph level of the water. This simultaneously induces hypoxia and hypercapnia. These conditions are fatal to both aerobic and anaerobic marine 6 organisms. To effectively kill the remaining organisms (E. coli bacteria for example) there is a patented method of micro-bubble generation and gas-induced ultrasonic shockwaves produced inside thegld.system performance is not affected by normal silt and solid levels within the ballast tanks or even changes in salinity or temperature. TheGLD assemblies have no moving parts andassuch are 100% reliable, thecompanysays. TheColdharbour MarineGLD BWTS is of theg8type, as defined by theimo.the system is under theflag state approval of the UK Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MCA) Lloyd s Register (UK). The system is completing land-based testing and is undergoing sea trials on board avlcc. The final approval certificate is expected to be awarded during 4Q2014. Blue Ocean Shield COSCO 2 3 > Blue Ocean Shield (BOS) is a modularised BWTS, designed and developed by China Ocean Shipping Company (COSCO) Shipbuilding together with Tsinghua University.The BOS system can runindifferent configurations, depending on the level of treatment required and the particular properties of the ballast water, by employing filtration and UV and introducing a hydrocycloneifrequired. Thesystemoperates inline during the uptake and discharge of ballast water. Before UV treatment takes place, afilter system reduces the sediment load of the ballast water, in addition to removing some micro-organisms. The filtration system is installed on the discharge side of the ballast water pumps and cleaning is fully automatic. The UV unit uses high-output, Low-Pressure UV (LPUV) lamps to destroy living microorganisms in the ballast water. Ballast water IHS 20

21 Sponsored by IHS Maritime Guide to Ballast Water Treatment Systems 2014 is treated at intake and again at discharge. The treatment at intake ensures that a minimal amount of viable organisms enter the ballast water tanks and reduces sediment buildup. The water is treated again only by the UV system at discharge to ensure that the potential regrowth of organisms in the ballast water tanks is reduced as much as possible. Cyeco BWTS Cyeco > The Cyeco BWTS features atwo-stage process: efficient self-cleaning filtration to remove larger organisms and sediments, followed by a powerful medium-pressure UV treatment to disinfect and inactivate smaller plankton, bacteria, and pathogens. The process is chemical-free and does not generate toxic substances that can be harmful to the environment and human health, or cause corrosion to the system. The patented high-pressure back-flushing mechanism keeps the four-layer filter screen clean and provides reliable, non-stop operation at high sediment loads, says Cyeco. The system s high-pressure back-flushing mechanism can handle ballast water with an extremely low inlet pressure of 1bar,and thehead loss is less than 0.2bar in total. The system is said to be compact, easy to install, and needs very little maintenance. Since receiving its type approval certificate, followed by IMO andccs acceptance,it has been installed and operated on several vessels. OxyClean, RayClean DESMI Ocean Guard > DESMI Ocean Guard offers two types of BWTS: OxyClean and RayClean. The OxyClean system consists of three treatment steps. First, a filtration unit (which comes in a rangeofsizes from 64 3,000m 3 /h) removes particles, zooplankton, andlargealgae. The filter is pressurised, has automatic backflushing, and is fitted with a 30µm pore-size mesh to remove particles. This filtration process enables the second, UV-based disinfection step to be more efficient. Water flows through the UV unit and is exposed to a high dose of UV-C (short-wave ultraviolet) radiation from low-pressure UV lamps to deactivate the remaining organisms. Each unit is capable of treating 100m³/h of ballast water in salt and brackish waterconditions, and75m 3 /h in freshwater conditions. TheUVunit also generates ozone, which is used in thethird step of the treatment process. Water passes through aventuri injector and the vacuum created sucks dry, compressed air through the ozonegenerating UV unit via a pipeline to the injector for mixing into the main ballast water stream. Finally, the treated water is directed to the ballast tanks. The full three-step treatment is repeated during deballasting. The system has passed the IMO s testing in all three salinities: salt, brackish, and freshwater. The system is controlled via a touchscreen and mimic pictures and automatically logs all events and alarms. Lloyd s Register has type approved the system for flowratesof75 3,000m 3 /h. ABS has issued type approval and DNV has conducted a safety assessment and concluded that the system meets its class requirements for safety. The RayClean system is based on mechanical filtration and UV radiation. The mechanical filtration is done with an automatic back-flushing filter developed especially for ballast water by Boll &Kirch. The filter employs a screen with 30µm wire mesh. TheUVtreatment takes place in a specially designed and optimised UV 2014 IHS 21

22 InertGas basedballast Wa The only in-tank, in

23 tertreatment fortankers -voyage BWT system

24 IHS Maritime Guide to Ballast Water Treatment Systems 2014 Sponsored by reactor that has a treatment-rated capacity of 300m 3 /h. Larger system flowratesare obtainable by installing more UV reactors in parallel, and can reach a flow rate of 3,000m 3 /h. TheRayClean system uses highly effective low-pressure UV lamps that reduce system energy consumption by 30 50% compared with competing systems using medium-pressure UV lamps. System operation is fully automated the crew just have to start and stop ballast operations. Unlike other UV-based systems that merely sound a warning when UV transmission is too low,the RayClean system can cope with extremely challenging water conditions by automatically reducing flow. ES Ecochlor 2 2 > Ecochlor is a US company that uses thepatented Purate chlorinedioxide (ClO 2) technology,which was specifically designed to safely eliminate the transfer of aquatic invasive species. Its ES BWTS uses filtration followed by water purification; a small amount of supply water flows through aventuri injector, creating a vacuum that draws the Purate and acid into the mixing chamber. When the chemicals combine they form a diluteaqueous ClO 2 solution, which is then injected into the ballast water. The company says that the combination of filtration to 50µm andtreatment with 5ppm of ClO 2 makes it effective on all organisms regardless of temperature, salinity, suspended solids or turbidity, and organic loading. The ES BWTS, with the exception of the filters, can be placed almost anywhere on the vessel. The technology is best suited to vessels with high ballast water pump capacities because of the low power requirement, flexible configuration and size advantage, and ease of installation. ES IMO type approvals include systems capable of treating up to 16,000m 3 /h. Type approval was granted by Germany s Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency (BSH) in 2011, followed by USCGAMS type approval in BlueSeas and BlueWorld Envirotech > Envirotech s BlueSeas and BlueWorld make use of filtration (to 40µm), seawater electrolysis and sodium thiosulphate neutralisation treatment upon ballasting. The maker says that the system is energy efficient (consuming about two-thirds of the energy of most other electrochemical technologies) and compact. With a smaller onboard footprint and lower energy consumption, Envirotech s systems are expected to appeal to shipowners that need to discharge high volumes of ballast water in a short period of time using a compact system. BlueWorld has an additional exhaust gas treatment function. Erma First BWTS Erma First ESK > Developed by Erma First ESK Engineering Solutions of Greece, the Erma First BWTS is described as a robust integrated solution with low energy consumption and a small footprint. It consists of individual modules, each with a treatment capacity of 100m³/h. Hydraulic parallel connection of the modules results in treatment capacities of up to 3,000m³/h. Treatment is in two stages. First, suspended materials and larger organisms are removed by means of pre-filtration and an advanced cyclonic separator. Then, during ballasting, electrolysis is used to generate 2014 IHS 24

25 Thesmallest footprintonthe market I N T R O D U C I N G Hyde GUARDIANGold scompactsizeand robust To learn more abouthow Hyde GUARDIANGold [email protected] or I [email protected] I

26 IHS Maritime Guide to Ballast Water Treatment Systems 2014 Sponsored by active chlorine. Residual oxidants disinfect any harmful organisms that may have been taken on board. The levels of chlorine arecontrolled so that even in waters in which suspended sediment is high, the efficient cyclonic units ensure lowchlorinedemandtodisinfectmicroorganisms. In addition, the electrolysis cell s special coating ensures sufficient chlorine concentration. During deballasting, residual chlorineisneutralised by adding sodium bisulphite solution. Great emphasis has been placed on monitoring andcontrol to ensure proper operation and effectiveneutralisation of treated ballast water prior to discharge to sea. Thecontrol unit logs the status of the system, operation, electrolytic cell, selfcleaning filter, and cyclonic separator. The Greek administration granted type approval to the system in May Class approval has been obtained from Lloyd s Register.USCG AMS approval was granted in SeaCURE Evoqua Water Technologies 2 7 > The SeaCURE BWMS, developed by Evoqua WaterTechnologies (formerly Siemens WT), uses a combination of filtration andaproprietary, on-demandtreatment with biocides that is produced in situ from seawater. The system is an evolution of the Chloropac marine growth prevention system thathas been servicing theneeds of the maritime and offshore oil and gas industries for more than 40 years. The system uses a small side stream of about 1% of the ballast waterflow to generate sodium hypochlorite for the treatment of ballast water. This offers several advantages, such as theflexible installation of small subsystems in the engine room. A low flow rate in the electrolyser also allows full removal of thehydrogen by-product in a degassing tank, thus preventing desorption and accumulation in the ballast tanks. The only component in the ballast water main is the automatic backwash filter.this keeps the pressure drop over the system very lowincomparison to in-line systems. Akey advantage of the SeaCURE system is its use to also treat onboard cooling water circuits. Since ballasting occurs for only brief periods of a ship s lifetime, conventional ballast water systems remain idle for 95% of thetime. By contrast, the SeaCURE system can be used all the time, eliminating the need for an additionalsystemto treat cooling water. The system received IMO type approval from Germany s BSH in February BallastMaster GEA Westfalia 2 7 > The BallastMaster ultrav system is an efficient mechanical and physicalbwts designed for salt, brackish, and fresh water, according to manufacturer GEA Westfalia. It can also handle a high concentration of organisms and sedimentary particles. The layout of the UV chambers has been designed to achieve the most effective disinfection efficiency,the company says. The BallastMasterultraVoperates during ballast water intake and discharge. During both of these processes, water is treated in a twostep process. This consists of pre-filtration and Low-Pressure UV (LPUV) disinfection without the use or generation of unwanted byproducts such as radicals. All parts that are in contact with ballast water are stainless steel and the system is fully automated. In the first stage, an upstream mechanical 2014 IHS 26

27 Sponsored by IHS Maritime Guide to Ballast Water Treatment Systems 2014 filtration process removes all organisms and sedimentaryparticles larger than 20µm. This prevents sedimentarydeposits accumulating in the ballast water tanks. The filter modules are cleaned automatically by vacuum extraction. In the second stage, disinfection using low-pressure UV-C+ radiation takes place. Monochromatic UV-C radiation (254nm) effectively disinfects organisms such as bacteria and phytoplankton. Type approved in 2011 by Germany s BSH, the system complies with the IMO s D2 standard. USCGAMS approval was gained in Eco-Guardian Hanla IMS > Hanla IMS s Eco-Guardian uses indirect electrolysis and complies with the IMO s D2 discharge standard, according to the manufacturer.it is composed of a filter unit, electrolysis unit, and neutralisation unit. Hanla says that the Eco-Guardian can be easily installed on anew ship or as aretrofit, is easy to operate,has alow maintenance cost, is effective in turbid water, does not require stocks of dangerous chemicals. and carries out sediment removal on site. OceanGuard Headway Technology > The OceanGuard BWTS from Qingdao HeadwayTechnology has full-scale approval from DNV and type approval from BV,CCS, RINA, RS, anduscgams. With patented Advanced Electro-catalysis Oxidation Process (AEOP) technology, OceanGuard can offer high and complete sterilisation performance in both freshwater and seawater without secondary pollution or corrosion to ballast tanks, the manufacturer says.oceanguard uses a fully automatic back-flushing filter with 50µm filtration precision, combining the two operations at thesametime. Filtered wateristhentreated by an EUT (electro-catalysis enhanced by ultrasonic treatment) unit. This differs from the electrolysis approach in that the AEOP technology can produce hydroxyl radicals ( OH) with a short residence time that can decompose organisms intoco 2,H 2 O, and traces of inorganic salts. The generation and existence times of hydroxyl radicals is less than s, andthe reaction rate with organics is more than 10 9 L /(mol.s), guaranteeing high efficiency and effectiveness. OceanGuard has a compact design with small footprint and ultra-low power consumption. With a process rate of 1,000m 3 /h at 17kW,itissuitable for various vessel types and sizes. ClearBallast Hitachi > The ClearBallast ballast water purification system was developed jointly by Hitachi Plant Technologies and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries. It uses coagulation technology to remove plankton and organisms, and magnetic separation equipment to remove algae. The coagulation method differs from sterilisation techniques in that it does not use chlorine, ultraviolet rays, or disinfectants, thus removing the possibility of secondary contamination by residual chlorine. Incoming seawater is treated by adding a coagulant and magnetic powder in coagulation and flocculation tanks. Agitation of the water causes plankton, viruses and mud to coagulate into 1mm-wide magnetic flocs. These can then be collected IHS 27

28 IHS Maritime Guide to Ballast Water Treatment Systems 2014 Sponsored by with magnetic discs in a separator. Treated water is filtered through a filter separator and injected into the ballast tanks. The coagulation of micro-organisms into small flocs enables the use of coarse filters, which is claimed to result in high-speed treatment. The flexible design is suitable for a wide range of capacities andcan be modelled to fit the space available. Mud accumulation is said to be greatly reduced, thereby prolonging the life of thecoating of theballast tank. GUARDIAN Hyde Marine 2 3 > The GUARDIAN product line stretches from 60 to in excess of 6,000m 3 /h of ballast flow and uses a two-stage disinfection process to meet IMO discharge requirements. The first stage consists of a ballast water filter designed to remove larger organisms and sediments on uptake. The second stage consists of a medium-pressure UV reactor designed to deactivate any organisms that penetrate the first-stage process. This combination ensures that treatment can take place with no holding time, thus providing rapid turnaround times for vessel operations and meeting the treatment needs of vessels of any size and service. Hyde Marine has introduced the new Hyde GUARDIAN Gold system to address the needs of the retrofit market. With what the company claims is the smallest total footprint on the market, GUARDIAN Gold systems are capable of being installed in almost any vessel and reflect a 30 60% reduction in footprint over previous and competing designs.in 2013 Hyde Marine also introduced an updated vessel interface to streamline operations and, it says, to ensure that vessel operators are able to operate the system in compliance with type approval with the minimum amount of additional work. The system features an intuitive, one-touch screen design to initiate multiple modes of operation designed around the specific needs of vessels in service.hyde Marine has sold well over 300 systems and over half of these are commissioned and in service. EcoBallast Hyundai HI > The EcoBallast system developed by Hyundai Heavy Industries (Hyundai HI) is chemical-free and therefore causes no secondary environmental contamination. The modular BWTS, which has undergone full-scale testing at 200m 3 /h, comprises: a50µm filter with automatic back-flushing; one or more UV reactors that can accommodate higher flow rates more efficiently; a high-intensity, medium-pressure UV lamp;and a control and cleaning unit (flow meter and alarms). The UV reactor was specially designed for the ballast water treatment application to maximise the efficiency of the system, Hyundai HI says. The system s controls have been embedded in an integrated control and monitoring system (ICMS), so that one operator is required for both the BWTS and ICMS. HiBallast Hyundai HI > The HiBallast BWTS from Hyundai HI produces a high concentration of the disinfectant sodium hypochlorite by feeding a portion of the ballast water into an electrolyser module. The disinfectant is directly injected into the ballast pipe during ballasting. A neutralising agent is injected into 2014 IHS 28

29 IT S SIMPLE. NOTHING SURVIVES. Ecochlor Ballast Water Treatment Systems Unaffected by turbidity, salinity or temperature Best Data. Lowest Power. Ecochlor systems are the most effective and easy to install systems on the market U S C G A M S A C C E P T E D

30 IHS Maritime Guide to Ballast Water Treatment Systems 2014 Sponsored by the deballasting pipe to remove any remaining oxidant from the hypochlorite concentration. Filtration using 50µm elements improves the efficiency of the electrolysis unit and maintains stable performance for various seawater conditions, says the company. A side-effect of the electrochemical production of chlorine is the generation of hydrogen. Because the gas is highly explosive, it needs to be properly vented. The company says that the system s controls are embedded in an ICMS, so one operator is required for both the BWTS and ICMS. IMO type approval was gained in 2001 and USCGAMS acceptance in BallastAce JFE Engineering > BallastAce from JFE Engineering of Japan is a BWTS that uses filtration and chlorination. During ballast water uptake, water is pumped into a filter in which plankton of 50µm or larger is removed and returned to the sea with backwash. Smaller marine organisms are sterilised by injecting a disinfectant, sodium hypochlorite, which can be in either granular or liquid form. The water is then rapidly mixed and agitated via a mixing plate before flowing into the ballast tanks. During the deballasting a neutraliser,sodium sulphite, which reduces residual chlorine, is injected into the ballast water before it reaches the sea. JFE Engineering had received 400 orders for the system as of February MICROFADE Kuraray > In the MICROFADE BWTS from Kuraray, micro-organisms are removed during the front-end process by high-precision 2 filtration. Sufficient amounts are filtered out in the first stage to make it possible to effect a substantial reduction in the amount of active substances in the second-stage chemical treatment, the company says. While ballasting is taking place, seawater is drawn into the system and passed through a filtration unit. Theunwanted organisms are removedbythe filters and discharged overboard as filtered seawater passes through the system. Active substances are automatically injected into the filtered ballast water by a chemical infusion unit. The disinfected seawater, infused with the active substance,passes to the ballast water tank. During the deballasting process, the levels of residual chloride concentration are measured and neutralisersare added automatically as required. Aneutralising agent is infused when thechlorinelevel is too high. The treated ballast water is then discharged overboard. Energy savings are realised by means of Kuraray s special filters with low-pressure requirements, which enable the MICROFADE system to use existing power generators and ballast pumps. The compact design of the system s primary components, the filtration and chemical infusion units, allows space to be conserved. As it requires neither precise temperature control nor a large tank, the system also helps reduce power consumption and conserve space. These savings derive from the use of solid chemical agents that can be stored at room temperature. BioViolet Kwang San 2 3 > The BioViolet system combines filtration and UV treatment and is available in arangeofcapacities up to 1,500m 3 /h. The manufacturer says that the design of its 2014 IHS 30

31 Sponsored by IHS Maritime Guide to Ballast Water Treatment Systems 2014 filtration system, which removes particles down to 50µm in size, minimises pressure drop while the reinforcement wedge wire design minimises clogging. Themediumpressure UV system includes wipers to clean the quartz tubes that protect the lamps from impact damage and there are intensity sensors that help to maintain optimal disinfection efficiency.the BioViolet also features whatkwang San says is aunique feature:an independent pipeline for lamp preheating that prevents the possible discharge of untreatedwater. Ocean Protection System Mahle 2 3 > The Ocean Protection System (OPS) is amodular productthatmakes use of filtration anduv. Thetwo-phase pretreatment filtration system is described by thecompanyaslow-maintenance and configurable for different flowvolumes from 50 2,000m 3 /h. It can be operated either as acompact, container-housed unit or can be adapted to suit thevessel s design andlayout, making use of available space. Thefiltration stages have automatic selfcleaning. In thefirst stagea200µm filter mesh is used. With no interruption of the flow, these filters are automatically cleaned using thebernoulli Principle. By ashort increase of flowand simultaneous increase of differential pressure, coarse sediments and organisms are successfully removedfrom the mesh. Thecleaned wateristhenredirected to thesecondstageofthe filtration system, in which thesmaller particles are removed using aself-cleaning 50µm filter element. Theballast waterpasses to auvradiation unit using low-pressure UV lamps in which thedna of anyremaining organisms is destroyed. TheUVlight is in the254nm range. During deballasting thewateragain passes through theuvunit andfiltration is bypassed. BAWAC Maritime Assembly Systems > Maritime Assembly Systems BAWAC BWTS uses seven fluid-cooled, metal steam UV lamps. Ahelix structure aroundthe lamps ensures thewaterremains in theuv treatment area for longer than in straightpass systems anddistributes thelight evenly. It also provides vibration damping for the quartz components. Theseven lamps are composed of three components. First, there is thehigh-performance,long-life burner itself, which has lowenergy consumption. Theburner is surrounded by quartz glass, which supplies it with cooling fluid. The rotating helix component distributes the light. It is driven by ballast water, providing indirectcooling of theburner and mechanical damping of thequartz glass body. Wiper blades in thehelix are pressed against thequartz glass cylinder hydraulically as waterpasses through thebawac, cleaning thesystem. MH Systems in-tank BWTS MH Systems > MH Systems, based in San Diego, California, uses a combination of two treatment systems, deoxygenation and carbonation.aninertgasgenerator(igg) is at the heart of the BWTS. The inert gas, which consists of 84% nitrogen, 12 14% CO 2, and about 2% oxygen, is bubbled through the ballast watervia diffuserswith downward IHS 31

32 IHS Maritime Guide to Ballast Water Treatment Systems 2014 Sponsored by pointing nozzles placed at the bottom of the tank. IGGs infuse the ballast waterwithinert gas bubblesuntilit attains a state of hypoxia, with aphofnearly 5.5. Thegas infusion is controlled by a remote, automated system of valves that can permit the tanks to be treated sequentially or all at once.sensors detect the amount of dissolved oxygen in the ballast water and the ph level of each tank, and relay the information to a central control station. This inert gas has the ingredients necessary to combine the two treatments of hypoxia and carbonation at what is claimed to be a veryreasonable cost. Analysis show that given the flow rates and control time for hypoxia/ carbonatedconditions, the gas needs only ashort contacttimetobeeffective. Tanks are rendered gas-free by sending ambient air through the diffuser system to prepare ballast water for discharge or prepare tanks for the entrance of personnel. MH Systems works with IGGs that are already installed or a new generator can be fitted. Training is minimal because the system essentially consists of an on/off switch, says the company. In addition to treating the water, the sediment particles are treated. Sediment does not clog the diffusers because of their positioning and design. FineBallast Mitsui Engineering/MOL/ MOL Marine Consulting > This system employs the synergistic effect of chemical treatment by the oxidation power of the active ingredient ozone and physical treatment using a specially designed pipe placed in the ballast water pipelines. Organisms are killed off only at the time the ballast water tanks are filled. The system extracts the required amount of ozone from the air.as the right amount is produced, MOL 8 says there is no requirement for a chemical agent for ozone supply or storage. Microbubbles of ozone are injected into the system, which achieves high efficiency levels for absorption and contact with the plankton and bacteria. Harmful substances remaining in the ballast water are extractedbyactivated charcoal, a process that has no impact on the environment. The system was audited according to G8 guidelines. Certification involved a full-scale land-based test of the system carried out by Mitsui Engineering &Shipbuilding and other participating companies, along with an onboard test on the MOL-operated container vessel MOL Express. Thesystemacquired final approval under G9 guidelines at the end of September Special Pipe Hybrid Ozone Mitsui Engineering 5 > The Special Pipe Hybrid system (Ozone version) from Japanese shipbuilder Mitsui Engineering is a two-stage system based on cavitation by high shear and ozonation. In the ballasting phase, water is taken into the pre-treatment unit before passing to a unit that injects ozone, which has been generated on board, into the water. This method of treatment starts with in-line pre-treatment to prevent blockage of the disinfecting unit, followedbyamore complex mechanical treatment via a special pipe that is inserted into a section of the normal ballast pipe run and then ends by adding the produced ozone, which is considered an active substance by the IMO. After addition of the ozonetothe water, for the treatment to be effective it is necessary for theballast to be stored in thetank for at least 48 hours. This minimum amount IHS 32

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34 IHS Maritime Guide to Ballast Water Treatment Systems 2014 Sponsored by of storage time is needed to allow for the strong oxidising and disinfecting properties of bromate,which is generated from the reaction of ozone and seawater, to become ineffective. The half-life of the bromate ion is, on average, about 12 hours. A discharging unit decomposes the oxidant remaining in the ballast water at the time of discharge. The ozone generator contains multiple electrodes that convert part of the oxygen in the gas to ozone. A power supply unit converts the power type from commercial-frequency and low-voltage to medium-frequency and high-voltage, which are most suited to ozone generation. A gas/liquid separation unit is employed to prevent ozone that does not react from flowing into the ballast tank. VOS NEI Treatment Systems > Venturi Oxygen Stripping (VOS) is a physical process that removes dissolved oxygen (DO) from ballast water during intake only.this, the company claims, means no re-treatment is required during discharge. VOS does not require any filtration or active substance and so the ballast pumps do not need to be changed. According to the manufacturer,vos uses a highly efficient stripping gas generator(sgg) to produce an ultra-low oxygen gas with only 0.1% oxygen. The gas produced is introduced to the ballast water via aventuri injector. This generates extreme cavitation, creating a micro-fine bubble emulsion in the ballast line. Within about 10 seconds, more than 95% of the dissolved oxygen is stripped out of the solution and vented into the atmosphere. Species dependent on oxygen are suffocated, meaning many controlled organisms are dealt with within an hour,says the company, 6 5 which adds that the oxygen levels are also high enough to prohibit anaerobic life. Many organisms are treated during theventuri phase of treatment itself. Through the 95% reduction in DO, and maintaining a permanently inert environment, oxidation of structures and coatings is virtually eliminated, says the company. TheVOS treatment facilitates the complete removal of cathodic protection. NEI has six products, which range from 500 6,800m 3 /h. NEI svos process was the first BWTS in the world to receive Type A approval, the company says. It currently has approvals from five flags, which, combined, represent 45% of world tonnage. NEI is amember of theus Coast Guard s STEP programme, has received AMS for all water types including fresh, and its system has been thoroughly reviewed by the US Environmental Protection Agency. NK-03 BlueBallast NK Co Ltd > The BlueBallast system from South Korea s NK Co Ltd injects ozone into a ship s ballast water as it is taken on board. In seawater, the ozone will kill approximately half of the invasive species on contact. In addition, the ozone interacts with chemicals that naturally occur in seawater to create various bromine compounds that kill the remaining invasive species. Ozone, as a gas, is not stored on thevessel but is made by taking ambient air,stripping out the nitrogen and cooling it, thereby concentrating the oxygen. It is then hit with a 10kV charge of electricity,which converts 10% of the concentrated oxygen into ozone. The ozone is immediately injected into the ballast water intake pipe as the water is taken on board. Once it is injected into the IHS 34

35 Sponsored by IHS Maritime Guide to Ballast Water Treatment Systems 2014 ballast water, the ozone will revert to oxygen within five seconds. Before it reverts, however, the ozone converts bromine, which occurs naturally in seawater, into hypobromous acid. Trace quantities of bromine compounds, known as total residual oxidants (TRO), prove to regulatory authorities that the ballast water has been properly treated. Testing for TRO is a straightforward process that can be handled by most crew members. As an extra safety precaution, the system s pipes are flushed with ambient air each time the system is shut down. Mark Iand Mark 2 OceanSaver > ISO-certificated OceanSaver focuses solely on BWTS as abusiness area and provides tailor-made solutions for mediumto-large crude oil, product, and chemical tankers with pump rooms and/or submerged ballast pumps, liquefied natural gas (LNG) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) carriers, and bulk carriers. TheOceanSaver BWTS holds IMO D2 type approval from DNV on behalf of the Norwegian Maritime Directorate and received USCGAMS approval in OceanSaver has also begun the USCG type approval process. OceanSaver s Mark II system uses a highly efficient self-cleaning 40µm screen filter and disinfects ballast water using onboard generation of oxidants delivered to the ballast flow via side-stream injection from OceanSaver sc2e seawater activation unit. This technology provides a mixture of oxidants with rapid effect and a very short half-life. When injected into ballast water, these oxidants eliminate unwanted organisms. The patented membrane cell technology in OceanSaver s side-stream system provides additional advantages, the company says. It only requires 1.0% of total ballast water capacity and is able to generate a highconcentration oxidant, thus enabling a low injection dosage(maximum 2.5ppm) into the ballast tanks. The industry s most comprehensive corrosion test (12 months), carried out by DNV in coordination with paint and coating suppliers, has proven that OceanSaver s dosage level does not pose any threat to ballast tanks steel or coatings. The amount of total residual oxidant is also greatly reduced within a few hours and neutralisation during deballasting is rarely required. In addition, theoceansaver membrane technology allows for safe, reliable, and efficient handling of the byproducts, which occur naturally during all electrolysis processes, through its DNV type-approved hydrogen management and removal of brucite in an internal cleaning process. To date OceanSaver has a reference list of 107 vessels; 42 BWTS have been delivered and 37 have been commissioned and are in daily operation. OBS Optimarin 2 3 > For environmental reasons Optimarin, a Norwegian company, chose to pursue a Ballast WaterTreatment (BWT) solution that does not use chemicals and leaves no residual products that are harmful to the ocean or the environment. TheOptimarin Ballast System (OBS) is type approved and based on the idea that a system should be simple, flexible, and easy to install and operate on newbuilds and existing vessels (retrofits). OBS is a mechanical system based on filtration and UV and does not affect the normal operation of the ship. The treatment process is completely neutral to the water quality and will not affect the coating or the steel in the ballast pipes or ballast tanks IHS 35

36 IHS Maritime Guide to Ballast Water Treatment Systems 2014 Sponsored by As a pioneer in the BWT industry, Optimarin has managed to establish a solid position in the market with 280 systems sold. GloEn-Patrol Panasia 2 3 > A 100% physical treatment technology has been adopted by Panasia of South Korea for its GloEn-Patrol BWTS, which eliminates harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens in water without generating any toxic substances during ballasting and deballasting. The system combines filter and UV units, employs back-flushing and is cleaned by automatic wiping. The filter unit maximises the disinfection effect of the UV unit by improving transmittance of UV light. The filter not only eliminates organisms larger than 50µm, but also minimises sediment in the ballast tanks. Water enters through the inlet pipe into the filter area and flows through the cylindrical filter element from inside out. Thefiltration cake accumulating on the element surface causes a pressure differential to develop across the filter element. When this pressure difference reaches a pre-set value, or after a pre-determined timelapse, theback-flushing mechanism kicks in. Back-flushing takes seconds. During the back-flushing cycle the filtered water is uninterrupted and continues to flow downstream of the filter. Contaminated water is exposed to UV light. A real-time process control system activates and deactivates lamps to maintain the UV dosage while conserving power. This is controlled and monitored by means of aprogrammable logic controller (PLC) and touchscreen. Half Pag 296mm x 302mm x 10

37 Sponsored by IHS Maritime Guide to Ballast Water Treatment Systems 2014 Sky-System Peraclean Ocean > The Sky-System BWTS uses the Peraclean Ocean preparation containing the active substances peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide, which are stored in double-walled tanks. The concentrations of the active substances are monitored and, if necessary, neutralised with sodium sulphite (Na 2 SO 3 )and waterbefore theballast water is discharged. The neutraliser is contained in epoxy-coated tanks. Temperature and leakage sensors, a temperature control unit, ventilators, and sprinklers in the chemical storage room are used to prevent the temperature from exceeding 35 o C. During land-based tests using the concentration of active substance that is applied in actual operation, no corrosion was observed. 5 Corrosiveinfluenceswere reportedtobe acceptable on the ballast tank coatings and uncoatedmaterials. RBT BWTS RBT > RBT s in-line ballast water treatment system uses acoustic cavitation in situ to produce disinfectants and physical separation by means of a self-cleaning 40µm filter to treat water on intake only. Thecore of thetreatment process is aset of reactors in which sodium hypochlorite is produced through electrolysis. The sodium hypochlorite electrodes also provide the acoustic excitation for the cavitation process. Ozone is generated from ambient air and injected into the reactors. These different e DPS 102mm mm (Bleed)

38 IHS Maritime Guide to Ballast Water Treatment Systems 2014 Sponsored by treatment mechanisms have been shown to be individually effective but also interactby means of sonochemistry, providing treatment efficacy at unusually low concentrations of theactivesubstances, thecompanysays. Theselow concentrations 1ppm for each mean that pre-discharge neutralisation is not needed. Mixing in the reactors helps ensure that these unusually low levels of active substancescome into adequate contactwith targetorganisms, says the company. A closedloop control system is used to regulate sodium hypochlorite production and an open-loop control system regulates ozone production. The system has obtained IMO approval and gained SAMLA type approval in CleanBallast RWO 2 7 > RWO s modular CleanBallast technology removes organisms, sediments, and suspended solids in two steps. Upon ballasting, in a first filtration step, disc filters extract particles, sediment, and organisms larger than 55µm. The filters are designed to deliver excellent performance even during heavy-duty operation in harbours with high sediment loads where most ballasting operations take place. In a second step, the advanced EctoSys electrochemical disinfection unit efficiently disinfects the remaining smaller organisms and bacteria before the water reaches the ballast water tanks. RWO uses a specially designed electrochemical process thatworks independently of the water s salinity. To date more than 70 CleanBallast units have been delivered and RWO says that more than 50 of these have been commissioned for commercial operations. CleanBallast has been selectedbyarangeofinternational customers, including from Canada, China, Germany, Greece, thenetherlands, andscandinaviafor bulker, container, heavy-lift, multipurpose, and tanker vessel applications. Facing the volatile conditions in the market and a still insecure regulatorysituation, CleanBallast is upgradeable for even stricter limit values. The system ensures minimum powerconsumption andoperateseffectively in all kinds of water, regardless of its salinity or turbidity.the modularity of the system allows a high flexibility of installation, which makes it particularly suitable for retrofit projects. Several societies have confirmed CleanBallast s technological maturity and safety in operation, among them USCG, DNV, Germany s BSH, and Lloyd s Register. Neo-Purimar Samsung HI 2 7 > The Neo-Purimar system from Samsung Heavy Industries treats ballast on uptake and discharge in a two-stage system. A 50µm self-cleaning filter removes particles, sediments, and organisms during ballast uptake before being disinfectedby electrolysis-based chlorination. To minimise the use of the chlorine compound sodium hypochlorite(naocl), sodium hypochlorite solution generated from the electrolysis unit is injectedtomaintain a maximum chlorine concentration of 10mg/L total residual oxidants. Water being deballasted is treated by additional disinfection the sodium hypochlorite solution generated from the electrolysis unit is reinjected and neutralised by a sodium thiosulphate solution. Hydrogen gas, abyproduct of the electrochemical process, is separated immediately upon exiting the electrolytic cell by cyclone separation and is not allowedtoenter into the ballast 2014 IHS 38

39 New BOLLFILTER Automatic TYPE C for Ballast Water Filtration: Experience &Innovation The new BOLLFILTER AutomaticTYPE C reflectsthe whole competence and qualification of BOLL &KIRCH Filterbau GmbH as apreferred supplier of the marine industry. With its new design it offers newly developed dual filter candles with cross and counterflow flushing for top performance in filtration and backflushing, new modular filter design foreasiest installation and maintenance in new builds as well as retrofits, low space requirement and small footprint, simple and robust design forhigh reliability and long service life. Last but not least its short-term availability and competitiveprice make it even more attractive. BOLL &KIRCH Filterbau GmbH P.O.Box D Kerpen Tel Fax

40 IHS Maritime Guide to Ballast Water Treatment Systems 2014 Sponsored by water piping. The gas is then transmitted to a de-gassing tank, which dilutes it to 1% (well below the 4% lower explosive limit) before exhausting to atmosphere. BALPURE Severn Trent Services 2 7 > The type-approved and patented BALPUREballast water treatment is a simple, reliable, andflexible electrolytic disinfection treatment solution that meets themost stringent ballast waterdischarge requirements. BALPUREis the preferred method of ballast water treatment for crude oil tankers, chemical/product tankers, LNG/ LPG carriers, bulk carriers, and container ships, according to Severn Trent Services. Using a slipstream approach, the BALPUREsystem can be remotely mounted away from the ballast lines and split into small sub-assemblies to minimise other equipment relocation and additional engineering/ship redesigns. Advantages of BALPUREinclude:an efficient treatment approach as disinfectant is generated from a 1% slipstream, so that installation into the main ballast line is not required; and low capital cost, which is especially true in medium to high flow rate applications for tankers and carriers, aligned with a low operating cost. Having been rigorously tested over eight years, BALPURE is one of the most trusted solutions available, the manufacturer says.a ballast water treatment method for vessels ranging from 500 to more than 20,000m 3 /h, the BALPUREsystem features low power requirements, lowmaintenance and flexible installation. The BALPUREprocess is in situ and on-demand, resulting in an effective, economical solution for all ballast water treatment needs. BalClor Sunrui > The BalClor BWTS from Sunrui treats ballast waterbypre-filtration followedby disinfection using sodium hypochlorite solution (an active substance produced by an electrolytic process during ballasting) and neutralisation at deballasting using a sodium thiosulphate solution. The water is filtered by an automatic back-washing filter with a50µm screen to remove most marine organisms. For the initial disinfection stage, a small side stream of filtered ballast water is delivered to an electrolytic unit to generate a high concentration of oxidants in a mainly sodium hypochlorite solution. The oxidants are injected back into the main ballast stream to provide effective disinfection. As a very effectivegermicide, thesodium hypochlorite solution can be kept in theballast waterfor a time to kill the plankton, spores, larvae, and pathogens it contains. For theneutralisation stage the total residual oxidant level of the treated ballast water is monitored and kept at 0.1ppm. If it remains above this level a neutraliser solution, sodium thiosulphate, is added automatically into the ballast pipe at the deballasting stage to counteract residual oxidants instantly.if the residual oxidant level is below this level, the treated ballast water is discharged directly. Smart Ballast STX Heavy Industries 2 7 > Smart Ballast is an electrolysis-based BWTS developed by STX Heavy Industries. It is a one-step treatmentsystem that sterilises for disinfection and doesnot use a filter. Theactivesubstances, createdbyan electrolysis activator, are completely IHS 40

41 Space savings 50% Energy savings up to 60% Backing worldwide 100% Leadership redefined introducing PureBallast 3.0 The system that first led the way in ballast water treatment is once again defining the cutting edge. PureBallast 3.0 is the new generation of leading technology, improved with the knowledge only real-world experience provides. Though 50% smaller than its predecessors, it uses up to 60% less energy and handles flows of up to 6000 m 3 /h. What remain the same are the type-approved performance and Alfa Laval s full global backing. Start taking the lead at

42 IHS Maritime Guide to Ballast Water Treatment Systems 2014 Sponsored by neutralised by a counter-agent during deballasting, says the company. Theautomatedneutralising machineis efficient andcan save time, thecompany says,because thesystemproduces alarge amount of neutralisation fluid in ashort period of time. It also has lowoperation costs because of lowpowerconsumption. All system facilities can be operatedmanually,which makes the system easy to repair andmaintain. STX alsooffersbwts consultingservices and its system can be installed on both newvessels andretrofits. Electro-Cleen Techcross > Techcross s Electro-Cleen System (ECS) employs electrolysis within the ballast pipeline to cause an active substance,sodium hypochlorite, and hydroxyl radicals to break down cell membranes and disinfect ballast water. The hypochlorite solution is a strong, sustainable disinfectant that destroys the cell nucleus, while the radicals are active only for nanoseconds. Seawater passes through an electro-chamber unit (ECU) positioned after the ballast pump and the disinfectants generatedbyelectrolysis are used to treat harmful micro-organisms. The company says that ECS is the most effective BWTS using electrolysis technology. Various models of the ECS are supplied: ECS- 150B, ECS-300B, ECS-450B, ECS-600B, and ECS-1000B. Explosion-proof versions are available, which are denoted by an Ex prefix, for example Ex-ECS-150B. The system differs from a typical electrochlorination system, in that the treatment process provides electrochemical generation of the biocide solution on board and a high 7 concentration of the hypochlorite solution is injected directly into the ballast pipeline. When using electrolysis, the ECS applies electric currents. In the direct disinfection mechanism, the electrical potential creates holes in cell walls, causing them to expand and break, thereby destroying the membranes of micro-organisms. In addition, theoh radical generated during the electrolysis procedure by titanium electrodes acts as a disinfectant. Through electrolysis, sufficient quantities of total residual oxidants are generated, preventing the regrowth of microorganisms and maintaining the efficacy of the process. Residual chlorine also prohibits the regrowth of the organisms in the ballast tank. Since 2013, the ECS has been upgraded with modifications to both software (real-timemonitoring, safety checking of ballasting, deletion of themanualmode) and hardware (ballast signal check module, shut-type MCCB in PDE, pressure switch, and gauge). With these upgrades, there are now multiple layers of safety in place to safely shut down and prevent the operation of the ECS if necessary, even in emergency manual mode. Purimar Techwin Eco 2 7 > The Purimar system is described by its manufacturer as an efficient method of seawater electrolysis for safely generating sodium hypochloriteonboard. At ballasting, the ballast watertreatment process carries out filtration and disinfection. At deballasting, a neutralisationunit decreasestheconcentration of total residual oxidants before discharge if required. The system immediately injects the solution directly into the ballast water intake. A small supply (less than 1% of total ballast flow) of 2014 IHS 42

43 Sponsored by IHS Maritime Guide to Ballast Water Treatment Systems 2014 seawater from the incoming ballast water line is passed through bipolar electrolytic cells in which it is subjected to low amperage and medium-voltagedirectcurrent. The company says the system has a small footprint, is easy to install, and has low maintenance costs, with no increase to corrosion. Powerconsumption is predicted to be 26kW for a600m 3 /h unit and224kw for a6,500m 3 /h unit. Purimar was granted type approval on 31 October 2011 by the South Korean Ministry of Land, Transport and MaritimeAffairs. Trojan Marinex Trojan Marinex > The Trojan Marinex BWTS treats ballast water using two stages (filtration and UV) housed within the same unit. Filtration removes larger particles and organisms. UV inactivates the remaining organisms and micro-organisms. During deballasting, the filter is bypassed and the ballast water from the tanks passes through the UV chamber of the unit only. The ballast water treatment product suite includes a full range of systems that are able to treat any flow rate throughout all water qualities. There are seven unit sizes, ranging from 150m 3 /h to 1,500m 3 /h. For operational flexibility,redundancy,orhigher flowrates, units can be installed in parallel without compromising efficacy. AQUARIUS Wärtsilä 1 3 and > Wärtsilä s AQUARIUS range of BWTS uses two treatment technologies, UV light and electro-chlorination (EC). The AQUARIUS-UV BWTS uses a two-stage process, with filtration then followed by disinfection using UV light, and does not use anyactivesubstances. At dischargethe filter is bypassed and waterfrom theballast tanks is pumped through theuvchamber,where it is treated for asecondtimebefore being discharged overboard. TheWärtsilä AQUARIUS-UV BWTS s development is based upon validated filtration anduvtechnologies to ensure performance in fresh, brackish, andsea waterconditions andhas been granted USCG AMS acceptance.systemoperation is fully automatedand allows for flexible integration with ship systems. There are twoproduct variants;one for safe area installation and another with EX certification for installation in hazardous areas. TheWärtsilä AQUARIUS-EC BWTS employs atwo-stageapproach, with filtration followedbydisinfection using in situ sidestream electro-chlorination. At discharge the filter is bypassed and the water from the ballast tanks is neutralised only if there is residual activesubstance above themarpol dischargelimits. Neutralisation is performed using sodium bisulphite, ensuring that the ballast water can be safely discharged back into the sea. TheBWTS is IMOtype approvedand will gain USCGAMS acceptance and EX certification in early Both of theaquarius BWTS technologies use a modular design approach to maximise installation flexibility and standardisation of parts. Acommon filter module is used in both. Filtration uses automatic back-washing 40µm screen filter technology designed specifically for ballast water applications. Both of theaquarius BWTS technologies are PLC-controlled, with touchscreen operation and all relevant data stored by the 2014 IHS 43

44 IHS Maritime Guide to Ballast Water Treatment Systems 2014 Sponsored by programmable logic controller in linewith IMOrequirements. In all cases the system can be fully integrated(optional) into the ship main control system to achieve complete ballast water management on board ship. In addition to BWTS equipment supply, Wärtsilä offers abwts Partnership Program which provides the full range of design, engineering, projectmanagement, installation and global through-life support services to provide customers with solutions that meetthe range of requirements across existing fleet and new-build projects. BSKY Wuxi BrightSky Electronic 2 3 > The modular BSKY system uses what the company calls enhanced physical treatmentina BWTS that employs cyclonic and ultrasonic pre-filtration combined with UV irradiation. On ballasting, water passes through a hydrocyclone. This pre-filter has a strong separating performance,says the company, which avoids clogging, making the filter maintenance-free. Theultrasonic pre-filter also limits the intakeoforganisms andsediment. Thewater is treatedbyauvmodule, which destroys micro-organisms. During thedischargeprocess, thewateris treatedagain to eliminate anygrowth that mayhaveoccurred in theballast tanks. At this stagethe hydrocycloneisbypassed. The company argues thatconventional filtration systems those using a 50µm filter can experience problems with clogging and often require replacement. The ultrasonic pre-filter prevents regrowth andleads to lower powerconsumption on UV treatment. Themodular design concept of the BSKY BWTS makes for flexible installation. ARA Plasma BWTS 21st Century Shipbuilding 2 3 > Formerly known as the Blue Ocean Guardian (BOG) system, thefiltration module of theara Plasma BWTS removes aquatic organisms andparticles larger than 50µm during ballasting. Back-flushing water, which includes micro-organisms and particles retainedby the automatic back-flushing devices, is returned overboard. After filtration, aquatic organisms are destroyedbyintensive shockwaves produced by a low-voltage plasma module. In thenext step, residual organisms and bacteria are disinfectedbyamedium-pressure ultraviolet (MPUV) module. The MPUV module uses a wavelength of UV-C ( nm) to generate UV rays from amercuryarclamp. Itis available for automatic cleaning in order to increase the penetration rate of a quartz tube. During deballasting, while thefiltration module is bypassed, theplasma module and MPUV module disinfect the water again to protectagainst micro-organisms andbacteria regrowth thatmay have occurred during the voyage. Powerconsumption during awater treatment rate of 150m 3 /h was estimatedto be less than 4.5kW for filtration, 13kW for the MPUV module, and less than 1.5kW for theplasma module. The system is said to be fully automatic and eco-friendly,withno chemical substances added for disinfection of ballast water. It is compact and offers convenient installation and low powerconsumption. The sterilisation of ballast water is highly effective, regardless of low salinity or high turbidity IHS 44

45 Ballast water is your system actually working? Get the experts on board! Understand your ballasting environment before choosing your system. Ensure that your system meets the IMO D-2 discharge standard and US VGP requirements. Test your system once itisinstalled. Regular testing will reduce the risk of delays and/ or Port State intervention. +44 (0)

46 IHS Maritime Guide to Ballast Water Treatment Systems 2014 Sponsored by Shipowners fear regulationbreach > It is no secret that great confusion surrounds the future implementation of the yet to be ratified Ballast Water Management (BWM) Convention under which shipowners will have to meet rigorous rules on how they use technology to discharge ballast water. Shipping transfers about 3to5billion tonnes of ballast water internationally each year, which poses significant environmental threats through the transfer of invasive marine species into new environments. According to IHS Maritime data, theship types which have the highest number of ballast water management systems in use are bulk carriers, container ships, and crude oil tankers (see graph). Oneofthe issues at stakefor shipowners is lack of familiarity with D1 andd2 regulations: D1 specifies thevolumeofwater to bereplacedandd2coversapprovedballast watertreatment systems, andspecifies the levels of viable organisms thatcan be left in waterafter treatment. Shipowners facethe risk thattheir ballast waterdischargesolutions could breach the D2 regulations if theship operatoroverflows aballast tank viaaballast watertreatment system. Another problem is failing to comply with thevessel General Permit (VGP) regulations, which centre on conductaround US ports. Thefear is thatshipowners could be fined or becomeinvolved in an alleged pollution incident. Ballast waterconsultant Michael Haraldsson from Haraldsson Consulting Number of ballast water management systems Source: IHS 1211 Bulk Carrier Container Ship (Fully Cellular) Crude Oil Tanker 2014 IHS cautioned: Whenthe International MaritimeOrganization introduced the D2 regulation, Ithink they only thought about overflowofatank in terms of foreign species;they forgot that the character of the waterchangesbetweenintakeand overflow if youuse an activesolution. Everyone knowsthatyou have re-growth with theuv solution. Thatiswhy youhavetouseuv during de-ballast as well. Theproblem is that younever makethe ballast tank 100% empty andtherefore, at yournextballasting, you will mix treatedwaterwith thewaterin thetanks. The 2008 VGP requirements expired on 19 December Earlier in 2013, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued updatedvgp requirements that started from 19 December 2013 andare to apply for another five years IHS 46

47 Sponsored by IHS Maritime Guide to Ballast Water Treatment Systems 2014 Approvals TheVGP is aset of environmental regulations designed to reducepollution by commercial vessels greater than24m (79 feet) in length, excluding militaryand recreational vessels visiting US ports or operating in US waters. TheVGP is enforced by theusenvironmental Protection Agency (EPA), but monitored by theuscoast Guard (USCG) during normal Port State Control examinations. Thenew (2013) regulations state that each vessel mustcomply with the provisions of avgp which will be issued by theepa.the 2013VGPdoesprohibitthe dischargeofuntreatedsediments from the cleaning of ballast tanks intouswaters as wellasrequiringother measures to reduce sediment intake. The USCG will establish an approval process for ballast water treatment systems. It will include land-based tests, following the EPA s Environmental Technology Verification (ETV) Protocol (2010), as well as shipboard tests. This approval process is not expected to be fully workable until 2015, and meanwhile an Alternative Management System (AMS) may be used, provided that it is installed on the ship before the required implementation date,and that the AMS has been approved by the USCG on a case by case basis. The USCG 2013 VGP ballast water discharge standards are of concern within the maritime industry as breaching them can result in significant civil and criminal penalties for shipowners, warned Christian Ott, vicepresident head of claims at Scandanavian P&I club Skuld, which has published guidelines for its members on how to meet them. Ott said thatskuld had observedan increased focus on thepotential environmental impact of vessel discharges overthe past 10 years. Alegal maze is now emerging as countries create their own rules and international regulations are drawn up to handle the fallout of ballast water discharge meaning continuing vigilance of the legal landscape to ensure compliance with present and future requirements and stretched people and financial resources. Such investment will be needed to ensure ships physically comply with the rules, crews are properly trained as to how to comply in practice, and shore-based staff need to be able to monitor and follow up on vessel s operations, added Ott. Describing the2013 VGPrules as the most ground-breaking regulatory change thathas ever hit themarineindustry,the Canadian Ship Owners Association (CSA) echoed similar concerns about its impact. According to CSA s president, Robert Lewis- Manning, under theregulations certain ships will be required to carryequipment designed to kill foreign organisms in theballast water andprevent them from entering thegreat Lakes ecosystem. He said newly constructed vessels, or vessels currently under construction will be required to have the solutions installed as early as 19 December 2013 with other classes of ships requiring theupgrades by 2014 or However, the crux of theproblem is thatitisclaimed that thetechnology does notexist yet anissue thecsa is looking at in ongoing discussions with theusauthorities. However, many systems have received an AMS. It appears that until thecanadian authorities have a ballast water regulation framework that is in harmony with the USVGP regulations there is a potential for the USVGP regulations to be unworkable for thecanadian shipping industry. In themeantime, shipowners can seek guidance and assistance from the USCG and ship classification societies on thenew 2013 US VGP ballast water regulations IHS 47

48 IHS Maritime Guide to Ballast Water Treatment Systems 2014 Sponsored by Creating value in atough market > The ballast water treatment market has stalled since the topic popped up on the agenda of international shipowners in Predictions about when the International Maritime Organization s (IMO s) Convention will come into force change at regular intervals, keeping manufacturers waiting while some shipowners forge ahead with installing aballast water treatment system (BWTS). In this highly competitive market, shipowners are now concerned with systems certification and the economics of purchasing and maintaining asystem. Twenty years earlier,inthe late 1980s, Canada andaustralia were among countries experiencing problems with invasive species, andtheybrought their concerns to theattention of theimo s Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC). In 2004 thetopic seemed to be solved andaregulation was foundinwhich ecological experts andscientists put their trust as theimo set high standards. A different situation Today, 10 years after theconvention was adopted, the situation is verydifferent from everyone s expectations. While the IMO Convention is still waiting for full ratification, manufacturers have developed a widerange of ballast water treatment products, each with different technologies and advantages. The US Coast Guard (USCG), in the meantime, has pressed ahead with its own regulation, triggering some movement in a market that has slowed down, waiting for progress and for the expected boom to come. In April 2013, the USCG accepted the first group of ballast water treatment systems as Alternate Management Systems (AMS), a certification that is valid forfive years, but manufacturers must still seek full type approval. Reliable criteria Manufacturers are collecting certifications from various class societies, hoping to prove the quality of their equipment and to induce shipowners and other potential 2014 IHS 48

49 Sponsored by IHS Maritime Guide to Ballast Water Treatment Systems 2014 customers to consider their system as the optimal investment. But incidents with some type-approved systems show that even the certifications provide no proof of safety or technological advancement and some owners will have to invest twice ifthey make the wrong choice based on tempting price offers. Bremen-based RWOlaunched its CleanBallast technology in 2007 and in2014 more than 60 systems are installed, dozens of them in operation. As atrue marine water treatment expert, its products maturity and German-quality engineering have withstood the most difficult ballast water situations and conditions. Outside of the consistent positive feedback from international societies, the company works alongside shipowners in a partnership style as opposed to being one of many suppliers to ashipowner. RWO is already aglobal market leader in oily water separators, and sustainable partner to shipowners and shipyards since the company has been dedicated tomarine water treatment over 30years ago, explained Peter Wolf, director sales and marketing at RWO. Assuch an old handinthe marinewater technology market, it is our duty to create the best package for our customers, both in a technological and economical way, tailormade for his fleet. The best deal for RWOisalways a satisfied customer.this attitude has brought us where we are today. Partnership RWO s first order for CleanBallast was from agerman shipowner for 20 units when it first launched the system in2007. The customer was impressed not only by the technological advantages, but also RWO s support inthis case. In 2012 RWOsecured a repeatorder,based on theexcellent customer service the customer experienced. Asimilar sentiment was shared by Canadian company Seaspan in 2013, which bought ballast water treatment systems for the new SAVER class vessels, acknowledging RWO s technological improvements and strong partnership. Subsequently,several shipowners have put their trust in RWO, believing that a fair and solid partnership is far more valuable than choosing a ballast water treatment product from companies that have arisen with the birth of the ballast water treatment market to participate in the gold rush. RWO scleanballast system hasbeen installedonmorethan60ships RWO 2014 IHS 49

50 IHS Maritime Guide to Ballast Water Treatment Systems 2014 Sponsored by About RWO > Bremen-based manufacturer RWO started its business in 1975, manufacturing water and wastewater treatment technologies for the marine industry. RWO s CleanBallast system came to commercial maturity in 2007; since then the company has become one of the most important and reliable suppliers in the ballast water treatment market, offering technological refinement as well as excellent partnership and collaboration. To date,more than 16,000 ships have been equipped with RWO products, some of them running since the 1980s. The whole product portfolio includes ballast water treatment, oil/waterseparation, waste water treatment, process water treatment or freshwater treatment for newbuildings and retrofitting. RWO s network of more than 50 qualified sales and service stations established throughout the world aims to provide its customers with short communication links and rapid response times. > Moreinformation [email protected] Or visit: Sr Director, Information & Editorial, Maritime: Louisa Swaden Editor: Uchenna Izundu [email protected] Chief Sub-editor: Jonathan Maynard Contributors: John Brewer, Jason Barnes Head of Design: Roberto Filistad Designer: Choo Eng, Koay Production: Sarah Treacy Head of Advertising Sales: Adam Foster Tel: +44 (0) [email protected] IHS Maritime, Sentinel House, 163 Brighton Road, Coulsdon, Surrey CR5 2YH, UK Printed by Warners Midlands plc, The Maltings, Manor Lane, Bourne, Lincolnshire 2014 IHS. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, or be stored in any retrieval system of any nature, without prior written permission of IHS Global Limited. Any views or opinions expressed do not necessarily represent the views or opinions of IHS Global Limited or its affiliates. Disclaimer of liability Whilst every effort has been made to ensure the quality and accuracy of the information contained in this publication at the time of going to press, IHS Global Limited and its affiliates assume no responsibility as to the accuracy or completeness of and, to the extent permitted by law, shall not be liable for any errors or omissions or any loss, damage or expense incurred by reliance on information or any statement contained in this publication. Advertisers are solely responsible for the content of the advertising material which they submit to us and for ensuring that the material complies with applicable laws. IHS Global Limited and its affiliates are not responsible for any error, omission or inaccuracy in any advertisement and will not be liable for any damages arising from any use of products or services or any actions or omissions taken in reliance on information or any statement contained in advertising material. Inclusion of any advertisement is not intended to endorse any views expressed, nor products or services offered, nor the organisations sponsoring the advertisement. Trade marks IHS Maritime is atrade mark of IHS Global Limited IHS 50

51 THE SMARTWAY TO ENSURE ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE AND STOP MARINE INVASIONS For environmental peace of mind Wärtsilä supply the widest range of marine technologies on earth, this includes a range of ballast water management solutions to help meet specific requirements of individual owners and their vessels. Our technologies use a simple two stage process involving filtration and a choice of either electrochlorination (EC) or UV treatment. With our partnership program, we work in close co-operation with you on all stages of the project, and our turnkey solutions provide everything you need from the same place from selection and configuration to engineering and supervision. Read more at

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