Advanced Water Treatment and Membrane Technology in Japan

Transcription

1 PUB-JWRC Symposium Dealing with Source Water Deterioration-Advanced Water Treatment Technology and Management Advanced Water Treatment and Membrane Technology in Japan Masahiro FUJIWARA, Dr.Eng. President Japan Water Research Center 1

2 WHAT IS JWRC? (Japan Water Research Center) JWRC was established in 1988 with the authorization of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. JWRC is a public foundation, with membership of drinking water utilities, private companies, universities, and other research institutions. JWRC has conducted R&D on advanced water treatment technology in collaboration with industry, utilities, and academia. 2

3 Advanced Water Treatment Water pollution in rivers Water quality of raw water taken deteriorated Population affected by offensive taste and odor increased Advanced treatment systems introduced 3 3

4 <1930 <1940 <1950 <1960 <1970 <1980 <1990 < <= Number of plants Plants with Advanced Treatment Systems Number

5 Number of water utilities affected Population affected ( 1000) Big Impact on offensive taste & odor! 20 million people affected around 1990 Utilities affected Population affected 3 million people affected after Year 5

6 Score Citizen s Evaluation for Tap Water on the scale of 1 to 10 Nagoya area Total Osaka area Tokyo area Year by ミツカン 水 の 文 化 センター 6 6

7 Typical flow diagram of Advanced Water Treatment coagulant chlorine Raw Water Treated Water Biological Treatment Coagulation /Sedimentation Filtration Ozone GAC 7

8 Typical Flows of Advanced Water Treatment 1 Sedimentation Ozone+GAC Filtration e.g. Kanamachi Treatment Plant in Tokyo 2 Sedimentation Filtration Ozone+GAC e.g. kunijima Treatment Plant in Osaka 8

9 (continued) Typical Flows of Advanced Water Treatment 3 Sedimentation Filtration GAC 4 PAC Sedimentation Filtration 5 Biological Treatment Sedimentation Filtration Ozone +GAC 9

10 Amount of Water Treated by Various Treatment Processes Ozone+GAC GAC 18% Bio+Ozone +GAC Non Advanced Treatment: 53.4% PAC 27.1% Bio 0.8% Bio+GAC Note: 47% treated by advanced treatment systems 10

11 Amount of Water Treated by Various Advanced Treatment Systems GAC 4% (82 Plants) 粉 PAC 末 炭 Ozone+GAC オゾン+ 粒 状 炭 粒 GAC 状 炭 Ozone+GAC 32% (32 Plants) PAC 58% (195 Plants) 生 Bio+Ozone+GAC 物 処 理 +オゾン Ozon + 粒 状 炭 生 Biological 物 処 理 Biological+GAC 生 物 処 理 + 粒 状 炭 その Others 他 Note: 32% treated by ozone+gac 11 11

12 Effect on Water Quality of Advanced Water Treatment (Murano Plant, Osaka) Drinking W. Std. Quality Before Quality After Std. Guideline Raw W. Treated W. Raw W. Treated W. Musty odor 2-MIB [ng/l] ND Geosmin [ng/l] ND TON Potassium permanganate consumption value [mg/l] THMFP [mg/l] Anionic surfactants [mg/l] ND 12

13 Membrane Technology in Japan MF,UF for river water, etc. 13

14 Number of Plants Membrane Filtration Plants (MF/UF) Number of Plants Capacity Capacity (1000m 3 /day) Year 14 14

15 Large-scale R&D projects implemented by JWRC Trilateral Industry-Utilities- Academia R&D on Water Technology Public Water Utilities Universities Private Companies Japan Water Research Center Purification Technology Projects Project Name Term MAC Advanced- MAC ACT e-water e-water II Aqua

16 R&D started in1991 Big Impact 738 plants in

17 Major Membrane Plants in Japan Water Utility Water Source Type Capacity Yokohama city Surface W. Inorg.MF 171,000 m 3 /d Tottori city River Bed W. Org.UF 80,000 m 3 /d Matsuyama city Ground W. Org.MF 40,300 m 3 /d Tokyo met.a River Bed W. 40,000 m 3 /d Tokyo met.b River Bed W. 40,000 m 3 /d Fukui pref. Surface W. Inorg.MF 38,900 m 3 /d Matsuyama city Ground W. Org.MF 32,700 m 3 /d OomutaーArao city(joint) Surface W. Inorg.MF 26,100 m 3 /d Imabari city River Bed W. 23,600 m 3 /d 17

18 A Membrane Treatment Plant (Org.MF) (Kinuta Plant, Tokyo) Capacity 40,000m3/d MF Module

19 A Membrane Filtration Plant (org.uf) (Nikko city, Seo) Capacity: 10,000 m3/day 19

20 A Membrane Treatment Plant (Inorg.MF) (Fukui prefecture) capacity 38,900m3/d MF Module

21 Types of Membrane Materials Organic membrane Inorganic membrane Polysulfone (PS) Polyethylene (PE) Cellulose acetate (CA) Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) Polypropylene (PP) Polyamide (PA) Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Etc. Ceramic Etc. 21

22 Target solutes to be removed Size Membrane for water supply system General classification Target solutes to be removed Ion domain Molecular domain Polymer/colloid domain Particle domain Reverse osmosis membrane (RO) Nanofiltration membrane (NF) Ultrafiltration membrane (UF) Microfiltration membrane (MF) Sand filtration Coagulation domain PAN Cellulose acetate-base PAN PVDF/ ceramic PP Wide-bore membrane ( m) Desalination (desalination of seawater) Demineralization (Brine) Nitrate nitrogen Fulvic acid Humic acid Cryptosporidium Bacteria Hard elements Water softening Disinfection byproducts Synthetic organic pesticides Viruses Suspended matter Silt Algae Surface-active agent 22

23 No. Standard Spec. Type 1 Vertical Casing TypeⅠ Type1-A Type1-B 2 Horizontal Casing Type Type2-A 3 Vertical Casing TypeⅡ Type3-A Type3-B Type3-C 4 Submergible Type センター 仕 様 制 定 の 検 討 5 Others Module JWRC Standard JWRC Standard Type1-A Certificated modules:

24 Characteristics of Membrane Filtration Highly effective in removing Suspended Solids, especially Cryptosporidium Automatic operation Coagulant unnecessary or reduced Easy operation management Labor savings Less civil engineering work 24

25 Precautions in a Membrane Filtration Membrane fouling Membrane lifespan Breakage/rupture of membrane Dissolved substances are irremovable Coagulation, adsorption, and others need to be used in combination 25

26 Hybrid treatment system Biological Activated Carbon Treatment(BAC) + Membrane Treatment 26

27 Purification Plants with Advanced Water Treatment Systems are Resilient to Accidental Water Contamination 27

28 A Case of Water Supply Suspension due to accidental spill near Tokyo Occurred on 17 th -20 th in May, in Tone & Edo river basin Accidental spill of hexamethylenetetramine (HMT) which was drained out from an industrial-waste disposal business into rivers. Being combined with chlorine, HMT generated formaldehyde. Drinking water quality standard of formaldehyde mg/liter. Lining up for emergency supply Purification plants with advanced treatment were able to maintain the standard. But plants without advanced treatment were not able to maintain the standard and had to suspend water intake and supply. 28

29 Thank you for your attention 29