VOLUME 4 PROGRAM 7. Crime Scene Preservation Body Armor Legislation Accident Safety DUTY SHEET & LESSON PLAN
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1 VOLUME 4 PROGRAM 7 Crime Scene Preservation Body Armor Legislation Accident Safety DUTY SHEET & LESSON PLAN Total Program Length: 38:46 IN THE LINE OF DUTY is produced exclusively as an interactive sharing resource for the law enforcement community. No commercial use or access to the public at large is permitted without the authorization of L.O.D., Inc. This program contains actual video of real police incidents with no reenactments or simulations. The program is protected by copyright. Reproduction in any form is strictly prohibited without authorization from L.O.D., Inc. This program is designed for informational purposes only. IN THE LINE OF DUTY makes no representation regarding the effectiveness or appropriateness of any action or technique depicted herein. It is not intended to replace or supersede existing training policies or guidelines of individual law enforcement agencies. In the Line of Duty Training videos have received POST approval for continuing education credit for training in the following states: Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, New York, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Carolina, Tennessee, Utah, Washington, Wisconsin, Wyoming
2 CRIME SCENE PRESERVATION THE BASICS (10:17) The purpose of this video is to outline for responding and other officers how to effectively maintain and preserve the crime scene. It outlines the techniques for properly handling and isolating evidence while maintaining the integrity of the scene, thereby enhancing the opportunity to successfully prosecute of the case. Every officer, as a first responder, can find him or herself in the position of establishing and preserving a crime scene. The scene can range from homicide to rape; from an accident to malicious mischief. The entire case can be made or broken during this important first phase. IN THE LINE OF DUTY forensic consultant D. Wayne Heil says that a "proper crime scene investigation is actually a reconstruction." Investigators need "undisturbed evidence." Heil says that after providing whatever medical assistance is necessary to the victim, the most important thing to do is control access to the crime scene. The homicide crime scene is probably the most important and complicated (with the possible exception of an arson scene). Heil says you use all the tools of the trade at a homicide. You may use fewer at the scene of lesser crimes. Knowing how to use all of the tools will enable you to be more effective at lesser crime scenes. The following points are critical: * The investigation begins the moment you arrive. * See to the needs of he injured. * Call supervisors * Control access * Cordon off the area * Make crime scene notes * Maintain a time log * Let Lab technicians search * If a point of entry is determined, find another way in or out for yourself. If there is no other way in or out, prop it open. * Do not move anything. If you do, tell investigators * Do not move, decock or unload firearms unless you have reason to believe they may be used against you. Blood that is in liquid pools should be picked up on a gauze pad or other clean sterile cotton cloth and allowed to air dry thoroughly at room temperature. It should be refrigerated or frozen as soon as possible and brought to the Laboratory as quickly as possible. Delays beyond 48 hours may make the samples useless. (George Schiro: Forensic Scientist: Louisiana State Police Crime Lab) Documentation is another key. The crime scene should be photographed using still cameras. Supplementing those pictures with video is encouraged. Heil says a crime scene sketch is a must. OTHER CRIME SCENES (6:00 )? RAPE SCENE The most important elements in a sexual assault scene can deal with trace evidence which may include hair, fiber, blood, semen, tear stains, bite marks. DNA technology can help make the case. Bedding, or anything in or around the scene of the attack should be preserved when possible and taken to the lab. Victims should not be allowed to wash and should be accompanied to the hospital so statements can be monitored.
3 Seminal stains are often, but not always, found on clothing, blankets, sheets. Allow any stains to air dry, wrap in paper, and package evidence in paper bags. Do not use plastic bags, they do not preserve certain evidence well. For sex offense cases, the victim should always be examined by a physician. (George Schiro: Forensic Scientist: Louisiana State Police Crime Lab)? ARSON The suspected arson scene is fraught with problems. First responders should be aware of the following checklist. Make use of witnesses and spectators. The can offer valuable insight into: *Fire stages *Points of origin of the fire *Time line *They can provide clues as to whether an accelerant was used with information on the color of the flames, smoke and fire intensity, which may prove helpful in determining the origin of the fire. First responders are also encouraged to look for: *Signs of a break in *Preserve devices or accelerant which may have been used to start the fire. *Evidence of a bomb may be found a considerable distance from the fire. *Crime scene tape should be deployed accordingly because it is better to protect an area which is too large than one that is too small. *Check footwear of investigators *An arsonist often remains on the scene to view his/her work. Be alert to that possibility. The search for flammable fluids in arson cases should include a thorough examination of the entire fire scene. This should extend to areas where no burning occurs, since flammable fluids may have been placed in other locations where ignition failed. (George Schiro: Forensic Scientist: Louisiana State Police Crime Lab)? ACCIDENT SCENE Every officer will investigate an accident scene at one time or another. Accident scenes can be crime scenes if the involved DUI, hit and run, or other criminal circumstances. It then becomes a question beyond car A hitting car B. Care should be taken to preserve debris which might offer clues as to the circumstances of the accident, including glass, fiber, paint scrapings etc. Because of impact, the size of the crime scene can be huge.? NIGHTTIME SCENE Nighttime scenes are difficult because it is easy to overlook evidence. Usually, additional lighting is required. It is important to proceed slowly so as not to overlook anything. When the elements such as rain are a factor care should be taken to cover important evidence such has blood or footprints.
4 CLASSIC CLUES (5:25) EVERYTHING IS IMPORTANT Everything can be significant at a crime scene. Even partially eaten food has proved helpful in identifying suspect's bite. Fingerprints are invaluable. Even officers wearing gloves should minimize touching items. Prints can be smudged. Beer and soda cans can be important. Not only can they include prints, they usually have identifying lot numbers which can be helpful in putting a suspect at the scene. Notes for first responders. *Suspects should be separated so they can not compare notes. *They should be removed to the station house as quickly as possible. *Allow neither suspects nor witnesses to wash or change clothes. *Allow no smoking or drinking on the scene. *Whenever possible, an interpreter should be provided to non-english speaking victims or witnesses. LESSONS LEARNED (2:20 ) AVOID TUNNEL VISION: Keep an open mind on the scene. Don't be locked into a single mindset. WATCH YOUR HANDS: Keep hands off of potential evidence. DON'T BE HASTY: Don't rush the crime scene investigation. POOR PROCEDURE CAN LOSE CASE: Prosecutors have refused to issue warrants in some cases because of poor crime scene preservation techniques. EPILOG (1:20 ) Potentially, any police officer can be the first responding officer to a crime scene. The entire case can hinge on how the scene is set up and handled. Crime scenes can range from criminal mischief to homicide cases. The time spent investigating the scene can be anywhere from one hour to several days. Protection of the crime scene also includes protection of the crime scene investigators. One person, whether a civilian or a police crime scene investigator, should never be left alone while processing the scene. This is especially true if the suspect has not been apprehended. At least one of these people should have a radio and a firearm. (George Schiro: Forensic Scientist: Louisiana State Police Crime Lab) The following web sites might prove useful for further information on crime scene preservation and techniques: Crime Scene Investigation Crime Scene Investigation Links
5 Crime Scene Investigation Info Polk County, FL Sheriff's Dept. *For more information on Crime Scene Preservation contact: D. Wayne Heil (314) QUESTIONS & DISCUSSION POINTS ( 1:00 ) 1. As a patrol officer, what is the most difficult crime scene to control? 2. Discuss the problems you have experienced at your last crime scene. 3. Give specific examples of how you resolved the problem of crime scene control. 4. Does your department have a written policy on who is in charge of a crime scene? Do you know it and is it followed? 5. List the essential elements that must be followed to ensure a crime scene is professionally investigated. 6. Discuss the possible outcome if a crime scene is not properly preserved and investigated. BACKUP: BODY ARMOR (7:30) ************************************************************************************ Free software (FACES) is available through Interquest. Call for more information. ************************************************************************************ Backup focuses on attempts across the nation to promote body armor legislation. The legislation would make it a crime for convicted felons to own, possess, wear body armor, and (except for police) make it a federal crime to order such items by mail. Further information can be gathered from: Lee Guelff P.O. Box 814, Atascadero, California, Tel: Officer Kurt Skarjune Department of Public Safety Oak Park Blvd., Oak Park, Michigan, Tel:
6 TRAFFIC SAFETY The final segment deals with an accident in Delaware County, Ohio. Ohio State Trooper Jeffrey Collins was badly injured when he was struck by a car while measuring an accident scene. Collins was measuring in the center of the highway during rush hour traffic as it was turning dark. He was struck by a motorist who did not see him. He was thrown 75 yards over power lines. IN THE LINE OF DUTY Technical Advisor Richard Simpher reminds officers to: 1. Wear reflective clothing and use reflective equipment under such circumstances. 2. Use a flashlight with a wand. 3. Stop traffic under conditions such as these. The safety of the officer is paramount! We want to thank each and every one of your in our IN THE LINE OF DUTY family. And, we encourage your input. Our address is: IN THE LINE OF DUTY P.O. Box 6798 Brentwood Station St. Louis, MO Tel: FAX: Lineofduty@aol.com Internet:
7 LESSON PLAN SYNOPSIS: TIME: COURSE OBJECTIVES: Obj. A Obj. B Obj. C Obj. D Obj. E Obj. F Obj. G Obj. H INSTRUCTOR S NOTES Obj. A This course outlines how responding officers and other crime scene officers can effectively maintain and preserve a crime scene. It outlines the techniques for properly handling and isolating evidence so as to enhance the opportunity for effective prosecution of a case. Additional information is also provided regarding body armor legislation and traffic safety tips. 1 Hour Upon completion of the course, officers should be able to: Identify the basic points the first responder should follow after arriving at a crime scene and crime scene tips. Recognize key steps to follow at a rape scene and identify crime scene tips. Recognize key steps to follow at an arson scene and identify crime scene tips. Recognize key steps to follow at an accident scene. Recognize key steps to follow at a nighttime scene. Understand the significance of everything at the crime scene and describe the notes for first responders. Understand the basics of the proposed body armor legislation initiatives being undertaken across the country. Identify three basic equipment needs/procedural steps that will help protect officers that are working an accident scene. LESSON PLAN/LAB GUIDE I. Basic Points First Responder Should Follow and Crime Scene Tips A. Every officer, as a first responder, can find him or herself in the position of establishing and preserving a crime scene. An entire case can be made or broken during this important first phase. B. IN THE LINE OF DUTY forensic consultant, D. Wayne Heil says that a proper crime scene investigation is actually a reconstruction. Investigators need undisturbed evidence. After providing whatever medical assistance is necessary to the victim, the most important thing to do is control access to the crime scene. Knowing how to work a homicide scene enables an officer to be more effective at lesser crime scenes. C. The following points are critical: 1. The investigation begins the moment you arrive. 2. See to the needs of the injured. Render Aid. 3. Call supervisors. Call as much as you need; do not call more than that. 4. Control access. 5. Cordon off the area - the wider, the better. 6. Make crime scene notes. 7. Maintain a time log. 8. Let lab technicians search.
8 INSTRUCTOR S NOTES LESSON PLAN/LAB GUIDE 9. If a point of entry is determined, find another way in or out for yourself. If there is no other way in or out, prop it open. 10. Do not move anything. If you do, tell investigators. 11. Do not move, decock or unload firearms unless you have reason to believe they may be used against you. D. Crime Scene Tips (George Schiro: Forensic Scientist: Louisiana State Police Crime Lab) 1. Blood that is in liquid pools should be picked up on a gauze pad or other clean cotton cloth and allowed to air dry thoroughly at room temperature. 2. It should be refrigerated or frozen as soon as possible and brought to the laboratory as quickly as possible. 3. Delays beyond 48 hours may make the samples useless. E. Documentation 1. The crime scene should be photographed using still cameras. (Still photographs can be enlarged) 2. Supplementing still photos with video is encouraged. 3. A crime scene sketch is a must. (For measurements) Obj. B Obj. C II. Key Steps To Follow At A Rape Scene and Crime Scene Tips A. The most important elements in a sexual assault scene can deal with trace evidence which may include hair, fiber, blood, semen, tear stains, bite marks. B. DNA technology can help make the case. C. Bedding, or anything in or around the scene of the attack should be preserved when possible and taken to the lab. D. Victims should not be allowed to wash and should be accompanied to the hospital so statements can be monitored. E. Crime Scene Tips (George Schiro: Forensic Scientist: Louisiana State Police Crime Lab) 1. Semen stains are often, but not always, found on clothing, blankets, sheets. 2. Allow any stains to air dry, wrap in paper, and package evidence in paper bags (Layer the sequence of the bedding in order as found). Do not use plastic bags, they do not preserve certain evidence well. 3. For sex offense cases, the victim should always be examined by a physician. III. Key Steps to Follow At An Arson Scene and Crime Scene Tips A. First Responders should be aware of the following checklist: 1. Make use of witnesses and spectators. They can offer valuable insight into: a. Fire stages b. Points of origin of the fire c. Time line d. Accident clues - whether an accelerant was used with information on the color of the flames, smoke and fire intensity, which may prove helpful in determining the origin of the fire. 2. First Responders are also encouraged to look for: a. Signs of a break-in b. Preserve devices or accelerant which may have been used to start
9 INSTRUCTOR S NOTES LESSON PLAN/LAB GUIDE the fire. c. Evidence of a bomb may be found a considerable distance from the fire. d. Crime scene tape should be deployed accordingly because it is better to protect an area which is too large than one that is too small. e. Check footwear of investigators. f. An arsonist often remains on the scene to view his/her work. Be alert to that possibility. B. Crime Scene Tips (George Schiro: Forensic Scientist: Louisiana State Police Crime Lab) 1. The search for flammable fluids in arson cases should include a thorough examination of the entire fire scene. 2. This should extend to areas where no burning occurs. 3. Flammable fluids may have been placed in other locations where ignition failed. Obj. D Obj. E Obj. F IV. Key Steps To Follow At An Accident Scene A. Every officer will investigate an accident scene at one time or another. B. Accident scenes can become crime scenes if it involves DUI, hit and run, or other criminal circumstances. C. Care should be taken to preserve debris which might offer clues as to the circumstances of the accident, including glass, fiber, paint scrapings, etc. D. Because of impact, the size of the crime scene can be huge. V. Key Steps To Follow At A Nighttime Scene A. Nighttime scenes are difficult because it is easy to overlook evidence. B. Usually, additional lighting is required. C. It is important to proceed slowly so as not to overlook anything. D. When elements such as rain are a factor, care should be taken to cover important evidence such as blood or footprints. VI. Significance of Everything At the Crime Scene and Notes for First Responders A. Everything can be significant at a crime scene 1. Partially eaten food has proved helpful in identifying a suspect s bite. 2. Fingerprints are invaluable. 3. Even officers wearing gloves should minimize touching items. Prints can be smudged. 4. Beer and soda cans can be important. Not only can they include prints, they usually have identifying lot numbers which can be helpful in putting a suspect at the scene. 5. Control the chain of custody. B. Notes for First Responders : 1. Suspects should be separated so they cannot compare notes. 2. They should be removed to the station house as quickly as possible. 3. Allow neither suspects nor witnesses to wash or change clothes. 4. Allow no smoking or drinking on the scene. 5. Whenever possible, an interpreter should be provided to non- English speaking victims or witnesses.
10 INSTRUCTOR S NOTES LESSON PLAN/LAB GUIDE VII. Lessons Learned 1. AVOID TUNNEL VISION - keep an open mind on the scene. Don t be locked into a single mind set. Never discount any item of evidence. 2. WATCH YOUR HANDS - keep hands off of potential evidence (put your hands in your pockets; watch where you step!) 3. DON T BE HASTY - don t rush the crime scene investigation. Control access to the scene as much as possible so as not to disturb any evidence. 4. POOR PROCEDURE CAN LOSE CASE - prosecutors have refused to issue warrants in some cases because of poor crime scene preservation techniques. VIII. Epilog A. Potentially, any police officer can be the first responding officer to a crime scene. The entire case can hinge on how the scene is set up and handled. B. Crime scenes can range from criminal mischief to homicide cases. The time spent investigating the scene can be anywhere from one hour to several days. C. Protection of the crime scene also includes protection of the crime scene investigators. One person, whether a civilian or a police crime scene investigator, should never be left alone while processing the scene. This is especially true if the suspect has not been apprehended. At least one of these people should have a radio and a firearm. D. Web sites might prove useful for further information on crime scene preservation and techniques (SEE DUTY SHEET) E. (SEE DUTY SHEET) on how to contact D. Wayne Heil. IX. Question & Discussion Points 1. As patrol officer, what is the most difficult crime scene to control? 2. Discuss the problems you have experienced at your last crime scene. 3. Give specific examples of how you resolved the problem of crime scene control. 4. Does your department have a written policy on who is in charge of a crime scene? Do you know it and is it followed? 5. List the essential elements that must be followed to ensure a crime scene is professionally investigated. 6. Discuss the possible outcome if a crime scene is not properly preserved and investigated. Obj. G Obj. H X. Basics of Proposed Body Armor Legislation A. Proposed legislation would make it a crime for convicted felons to own, possess, wear body armor, and (except for police) make it a federal crime to order such items by mail. B. (SEE DUTY SHEET) on how to contact Lee Guelff. XI. Basic Equipment Needs/Procedural Steps Needed to Protect Officers At An Accident Scene A. Wear reflective clothing and use reflective equipment under such circumstances.
11 INSTRUCTOR S NOTES LESSON PLAN/LAB GUIDE B. Use a flashlight with a wand. C. Stop or slow traffic under conditions such as these. Use flares, cones or vehicles to help redirect traffic. SOURCE DOCUMENTS 1. IN THE LINE OF DUTY VIDEO VOLUME 4, PROGRAM 7 2. IN THE LINE OF DUTY - DUTY SHEET VOLUME 4, PROGRAM 7
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