Understanding eye conditions related to Diabetes

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1 Understanding eye conditions related to Diabetes Department of Ophthalmology Directorate of Operations This leaflet has been designed to give you important information about your condition / procedure, and to answer some common queries that you may have.

2 If you have diabetes, this does not necessarily mean that your sight will be affected, but there is a much higher risk. If your diabetes is well controlled then you are less likely to have problems, or they may be less serious. However, if there are complications that affect the eyes then this may result in loss of sight. Most sight loss due to diabetes can be prevented, but it is vital that it is diagnosed early. This can only be detected by examination of the eye. Regular annual eye examinations or screening are extremely important. How can diabetes affect the eye? There are a number of ways that diabetes can affect the eye. The most serious eye condition associated with diabetes involves the retina and more specifically, the network of blood vessels within the retina, this is diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic Retinopathy Diabetic retinopathy is usually graded according to how severe it is. There are three main stages you should know about. 1. Background diabetic retinopathy- This is very common in people who have had diabetes for a long time. Your vision will be normal with no threat to your sight. At this stage the blood vessels in the retina are only mildly affected, they may bulge slightly and may leak blood or fluid. The most important part of the retina-the macula, remains unaffected. 2. Diabetic maculopathy If the background diabetic retinopathy becomes more severe, the macula area may become involved. If this happens your central vision will gradually get worse. The amount of central vision loss varies. However, the peripheral vision will be preserved. Maculopathy is the main cause of loss of vision and may occur gradually but progressively It is rare for someone with maculopathy to lose all of their sight 3. Proliferative diabetic retinopathy As the eye condition progresses, it can sometimes cause the blood vessels in the retina to become blocked. If this happens then new blood vessels begin to grow and form in the eye. This is nature s way of trying to repair the damage. Unfortunately, these new blood vessels are thin and weak and grow in the wrong area, which can result in bleeding and scarring. The scarring can pull the retina resulting in retinal detachment Proliferative retinopathy is rarer than background retinopathy The new blood vessels will rarely affect your vision but their consequences, such as bleeding or retinal detachment may cause sudden loss of vision Your eyesight may become blurred or patchy as the bleeding obscures part of your vision Without treatment, total loss of vision can occur With treatment, sight-threatening diabetic problems can be prevented if caught early enough. However, laser treatment will not restore vision already lost Remember that if your vision is getting worse, this does not necessarily mean you

3 have diabetic retinopathy. It may be a simple solution of new glasses. What is the treatment or alternatives? Most sight threatening problems caused by diabetic retinopathy can be managed by laser treatment if caught early enough. Please enquire about the patient information leaflet entitled Retinal Argon Laser Treatment for further information on laser treatment. There are also newer treatments that involve injections into the back of the eye and this should be discussed with your eye consultant. Please enquire about the patient information leaflet entitled Intravitreal Injections for further information on these. If your eye condition becomes more severe, surgery may be necessary. Retinal surgery is only undertaken at specialist retinal units and you will be referred if you and your eye consultant agree that this is necessary. There are no other alternatives at the present time but research is continuing into diabetes related eye conditions and their treatment is constantly improving. Other ways diabetes can affect your eyes Temporary blurring This may occur as one of the first symptoms of diabetes although it may also occur at any time when your diabetes is not well controlled. It is due to a swelling of the lens of the eye and will clear without treatment soon after the diabetes is brought under control again. Cataracts A cataract is the clouding of the lens in the eye. This is a very common condition that develops as people get older but someone with diabetes can develop cataracts at an earlier age. For any further information please ask your eye doctor or specialist nurse. References Royal College of Ophthalmologists website Royal National Institute of the Blind website Kanski J Clinical Ophthalmology Butterworth Heinemann London. Concerns and Queries If you have any concerns / queries about any of the services offered by the Trust, in the first instance, please speak to the person providing your care. For Diana, Princess of Wales Hospital Alternatively you can contact the Patient Advice and Liaison Service (PALS) on (01472) or at the PALS office which is situated near the main entrance. For Scunthorpe General Hospital Alternatively you can contact the Patient Advice and Liaison Service (PALS) on (01724) or at the PALS office which is situated on C Floor. Alternatively you can nlg-tr.pals@nhs.net

4 Confidentiality Information on NHS patients is collected in a variety of ways and for a variety of reasons (e.g. providing care and treatment, managing and planning the NHS, training and educating staff, research etc.). Everyone working for the NHS has a legal duty to keep information about you confidential. Information will only ever be shared with people who have a genuine need for it (e.g. your GP or other professionals from whom you have been receiving care) or if the law requires it, for example, to notify a birth. Please be assured however that anyone who receives information from us is also under a legal duty to keep it confidential. Moving & Handling The Trust operates a Minimal Lifting Policy, which in essence means patients are only ever lifted by nursing staff in an emergency situation. Patients are always encouraged to help themselves as much as possible when mobilising, and if unable to do so, equipment may be used to assist in their safe transfer. If you have any questions regarding moving and handling of patients within the Trust, you may speak to any member of the nursing staff, the designated keyworker within the department or the Trust Moving & Handling Coordinator. Zero Tolerance - Violent, Threatening and Abusive Behaviour The Trust and its staff are committed to providing high quality care to patients within the department. However, we wish to advise all patients / visitors that the following inappropriate behaviour will not be tolerated: Swearing Threatening / abusive behaviour Verbal / physical abuse The Trust reserves the right to withdraw from treating patients whom are threatening / abusive / violent and ensuring the removal of those persons from the premises. All acts of criminal violence and aggression will be notified to the Police immediately. Risk Management Strategy The Trust welcomes comments and suggestions from patients and visitors that could help to reduce risk. Perhaps you have experienced something whilst in hospital, whilst attending as an outpatient or as a visitor and you felt at risk. Please tell a member of staff on the ward or in the department you are attending / visiting. Northern Lincolnshire and Goole Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Diana Princess of Wales Hospital Scartho Road Grimsby Scunthorpe General Hospital Cliff Gardens Scunthorpe Goole & District Hospital Woodland Avenue Goole

5 Date of issue: April 2013 Review Period: April 2016 Author: Clinical Nurse Specialist (Ophthalmology) IFP-456 v1.2 NLGHFT 2013