Improving Fuel economy and CO 2 Through The Application of V2I and V2V Communications

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1 Ricardo 1 Improving Fuel economy and CO 2 Through The Application of V2I and V2V Communications Making Connected Vehicles Happen Karina Morley August 4, 2009

2 2 Background and Market Drivers There Are Three Key Societal Challenges Where Intelligent Vehicle Solutions Are Being Developed That Use Telematics And ITS Reducing Congestion Improved Road Safety Telematics 0.00 Fuel Consumption & ITS + Increase Comfort Reduced fatalities being achieved in USA NHTSA Fuel Economy Targets G8 Target of 80% CO2 reduction by 2050 Fuel Economy (MPG) EPA Fleet CAFE Passenger Car Actual Total Fleet Light Truck Actual 40 California AB Combined Car/Truck MPG NHTSA 2011 Final Rule Actual CAFE (NHTSA) May 19, 09 Unified Standard = 35.5MPG +32% EISA Minimum is 35 MPG by CAFE Target

3 3 Background and Market Drivers ITS Has An Increasingly Important Role In Aiding Intelligent Vehicles Achieve Improved Operating Efficiency Improve Drivers Driver Information Systems Improve Vehicle Systems Semi-Autonomous Control Improve Vehicle Cooperation/Management Fully Autonomous Control

4 Driver Information Eco-driving Systems Are Becoming More Common And Have A Savings Potential Of 10% Of Surface Transport Sector Emissions Nissan Eco Drive Honda Eco-Assist Ford Hybrid Fusion Source: if you re in a forest of leaves, you ll know you re doing well., Nancy Gioia quoted in the Wall Street Journal Oct 2008 Audi Travolution GreenRoad Reporting/Analysis Source: Ricardo plc

5 5 Driver Information Driver Information Systems Are Also Helping to Improve Safety and Reduce Congestion Swedish ISA Trial Results Nissan Starwings Uses Probe Data to Detect Congestion Source: Source: Starwings Prototype Vehicle, Infiniti FX Swedish ISA Source: Source: ITS-Safety 2010 presentation by Nissan Volvo Driver Alert Navigation Indicates Congestion and Re-Routes

6 6 Driver Information CoDriver Is An In-Vehicle Electronic Hazard Warning System, Enhancing Driver Awareness Of Impending Route Hazards Concept Co-Driver Project Smart electronic module presents hazard information to the driver in a suitable timeframe to allow a relaxed and controlled response Aftermarket Multi-Application Telematics Platform SoS Co-Driver! 30 Slippery Road Surface in 1.2m Integrated Hazard HMI Benefits Advisory nature increases driver acceptance compared with interventional device (e.g. speed or acceleration limiter) Could be added as a feature to existing systems Reduction in road traffic fatalities Telematics Services Platform Internet Portal Known Hazards Database Hazard Ops Control Centre Diverse Road / Traffic Information Data Sets

7 7 Semi-Autonomous Control Semi-Autonomous Control Systems Are Being Developed With Trials and Products Available Within The EU & US Ricardo Sentience Program Pre-cool recovery when Vehicle restarts Temp rises with engine off ~ 1.5 o C overall Engine off, Stored cold Still allows cooling Freightliner RunSmart Predictive Cruise Control Product launched 19 th March 2009 Utilizes 200k miles of Navteq Data Evaluates road profile more than 1 mile ahead Controls speed to within 6% of the set speed Enhanced Air- Conditioning - Over 9% improvement in fuel consumption Enhanced Acceleration Deceleration - Initial measurements show an average saving of 12% (ranging between 5% and 24%)

8 8 Fully-Autonomous Control Autonomous Control Systems Are Evolving Rapidly, Encouraged by the Now Completed DARPA Challenges Stanford Racing s Stanley, 2005 Grand Challenge winner Seven Pentium M computers GPS & 6 Degrees of freedom Inertial Navigation Unit 4 laser range finders, radar system, stereo camera pair, monocular vision system Avg speed 19 mph Completion 6:54 Tartan Racing s Boss, 2007 Urban Challenge winner 500,000 lines of code More than 12 lasers, cameras and radars Perception planning and behavioral software Defensive driving Avg speed 14mph Source: Completion in 4:10:20

9 9 Process Rigour ITS Systems Need To Be Suitably Robust Against Malicious Intent ITS systems use data which could be attractive to malicious users Encompass a wide range of impacts, from a nuisance to an individual, to disabling part of a country s infrastructure Financial threats Theft Money Financial details (e.g. credit card numbers) Information on financial transactions (e.g. date, time, amount of transaction) Spoofing Payments charged to someone else s account Interception Payments are collected by an unauthorized party Privacy threats Theft Journey and location details Personal details Potentially incriminating details (e.g. exceeding speed limits) Spoofing Identity theft, pretending to be someone else Availability threats Denial-of-Service attack to degrade or disable the ITS infrastructure Feeding false information to make the system appear unreliable

10 Process Rigour facits - A risk classification, analysis and management process for ITS applications Requirements Framework Requirements Application Requirements Initial Data Flow Diagram Initial DVEA & Data Integrity Classification Risk Checklist Inherent Data (Safety, Security & Integrity Levels Privacy risks) Data Vulnerability & Effects Initial System Design System Designs / Options Updated Data Flow / Deployment Updated DVEA Design Hard Points (e.g. Legacy) Framework Architecture Conceptual Options Simulation & Analysis Risk Mitigation actions & Residual Risk Levels Stakeholder Review Product & Service Development & Provision Overview and Approach Created a development process, focussed on ITS (Intelligent Transport Systems) applications, to classify, analyse and manage risks Collaborative research project between Ricardo, Association of Chief Police Officers, Auto-txt Ltd, HW Communications, innovits, TRL and Warwick Manufacturing Group Situation and objective Created a formal method of classifying and recording risks to data integrity Developed techniques and tools to model ITS systems Results and benefits facits provides formal processes, techniques and documents for up-front assessment and management of risks to data integrity Addresses the particular issues of ITS systems, while building on knowledge of established risk assessment and data integrity techniques (e.g. IEC61508, MISRA, ISO27000, ISO21707) Provides common terminology for use across the various domains and industries involved in ITS Ricardo plc

11 11 What Does The Future Hold? Today Soon Near Future More Distant Future Reduced Visibility Disrupts Traffic Flow V2I used to communicate vehicle intentions via local antennae V2V used to communicate between vehicles - local antennae not required V2V used as part of control system with links to traffic management system Driver decides based on what he can see Driver decides based on what he can see and what the V2I system tells them Driver decides based on what he can see and what the V2V system tells them Driver decides destination Vehicle uses managed routing to drive itself

12 12 Conclusion Clearly ITS has a significant role to play in achieving societal challenges There are additionally significant direct benefits to individuals and fleet operators The automotive, telecoms and infrastructure domains are moving forward in developing new systems and technologies that utilise ITS and Telematics As Vehicles become more of the integrated transport solution greater benefits will be achieved Low cost implementation for high value return Reducing Congestion Improved Road Safety Telematics 0.00 Fuel Consumption & ITS Based on $2.64 per US Gallon + Increase Comfort A 5% saving for a 16 ton truck for 50,000 miles would save $500 per annum A 10% saving for a bus for 75,000 miles would save $2,357 per annum A 15% saving for a car for 20,000 miles would save $213 per annum