Voids throughout the jacket or insulation sometimes giving a rough or grainy surface.

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1 Troubleshooting Guide PVC Extrusion of flexible wire & cable Low variable insulation resistance Cold conductor Preheat conductor to F with electric preheater. Incorrect formulation Check the clay content or increase amount. Low initial elongation Low stock temperature Increase stock temperature. Incorrect formulation Lower the filler content. Test failure in heat shock Strains due to poor flow in approach to die which cannot relax during cooling of insulation or jacket and/or excessive drawdown Increase the distance of water bath from the die. Voids throughout the jacket or insulation sometimes giving a rough or grainy surface. Melt zone too far forward in barrel to force entrapped Use more or finer screens.

2 air in back through hopper. Raise temperature of controlling heat zones. Preheat plastic pellets before use. Voids occurring normally just beneath outer surface of jacket or insulation sometimes giving a rough or grainy surface depending on severity of problem. Humidity or dampness causing the plastic pellets to hold moisture over time Dry the material before use. Store material in tightly closed containers. Voids occurring sporadically in wall of jacket insulation usually accompanied by chunky surface roughness. Excessive stock temperature Lower temperature of controlling heat zones and crosshead. Lower the amount of screen packs and use fewer or coarser screens. Change screens at least every 8 hours. Extended runs without cleanouts or screen changes Decrease crosshead temperature. Poor streamlining or flow in approach and crosshead Polish dies, maintain guiders, resurface any nooks or burrs. Dirty or pitted dies, guiders and breakers plates During temporary shut down continue running by reducing barrel temperatures and screw rpm. Improper start-up and shut-down procedures During extended shut down continue running with open gate. Purge adequately before starting new run. Clean dies, tools etc. while still warm. Fine pimples similar to grains of sand sprinkled over surface

3 Inadequate screw design for low back pressure extrusions Use finer screens and increase number of screens. Adjust screw cooling. Raise temperature of controlling barrel heat zones. Coarse grainy surface accompanied by porosity just under surface. Moisture in material Pre-dry material before using. Fine grainy surface occurring over entire surface or portions of it at regular intervals Cold pitted or dirty dies Clean die thoroughly and polish it. Poor streamlining and abrupt angles in approach to die Raise stock temperature by: Adjusting screw cooling. Raising temperature of barrel and crosshead. Increase screen packs. Orange peel surface with sporadic lumps Non homogenous melt delivered to die Increase screen pack. Use more or finer screens. Adjust screw cooling. Raise temperature of controlling barrel heat zones. Sporadic lumps containing different coloured or texture materials. High incidence of sparker failure.

4 Break in screen pack. No guards on hopper. Careless handling of feed stocks or of material containers. Flush out extruder barrel and thoroughly clean head. Avoid storing feed stock in open containers. Take care when emptying bags to keep paper out of hopper. Raised lines on surface Damage to die due to improper handling and care Clean die thoroughly and polish it. Holes or splits in jacket Die opening too large out of proportion for construction requiring excessive draw-down Raise crosshead and die temperatures. Lower the RPM. Fluctuation in rate surging Inadequate back pressure for screw design Decrease space between wire guider and die. Uneven feedstock temperature Uneven feed stock temperatures. Hot feed stock. Cool the feed stock to room temperature before processing. Bridging in extruder hopper

5 Poorly designed hopper and hopper throat. Poor flow due to poor granulation or foreign contamination. Hand feed or carefully watch feeding of material. Use hopper cooling (if available). Avoid contamination. Bridging feed section of screw Temperature at the feed section may be too hot Lower the temperature at the feed section. Make sure the cooling water is on at the throat section. Low rates High back pressure die with deep flighted screw Decrease screen pack to minimum, normally 1-40 mesh and 1-60 mesh. Output low from screw design A screw designed basically for another thermoplastic Limit screw cooling to feed section. Increase barrel heats in front sections. Worn extruder Clearance between screw and the barrel is too much Polish surface of screw. Roughen surface of barrel. Replace barrel or barrel liner. Replace screw.