newsletter Forests NSW: World First In the News: Hurricane Katrina How do they make carbon credits? Global Warming: What s it all about?
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1 Issue 1 September 2005 Issue 1 November 2005 newsletter You can be the change Forests NSW: World First 5 PAGE How do they make carbon credits? PAGE4 Global Warming: What s it all about? PAGE 3 In the News: Hurricane Katrina 8 PAGE To subscribe to the Carbon Planet Newsletter visit CP
2 CarbonPlanet Newsletter Editorial Welcome to the first Carbon Planet Newsletter! The Carbon Planet Newsletter aims to provide you with current and relevant information about global warming and climate change, carbon credits and news about the worldwide response to global warming. Global Warming is an issue that has increasingly been the focus of the worldwide media. The two major problems that the climate change debate suffers are first, that the nature of global warming isn t widely understood, and second, that global warming has such a broad range of impacts: crazy weather and environmental disasters, melting glaciers, shrinking ice caps, disease and pestilence, species extinction, coral bleaching...the list goes on. The question an individual may ask is, is this all real? How do they know this? What relevance does all this have to me? We believe that understanding is the key to change, and that change needs to come first from the head and then from the heart to sustain a true and lasting solution. Each issue, Carbon Planet will bring you information and facts about the current and future impacts of global warming to help you understand the how, where and why of global warming impacts. In this Issue Editorial Page 2 All About Global Warming Page 3 Carbon Credits and Trees Page 4 Carbon Planet Selling the World s First Tree Credits Page 5 News from Carbon Planet Page 6 In the News Snippets from the World Wide Media Page 7 In the News Special: Hurricane Katrina Page 8 Cover Image: From the Forests NSW Carbon Pool. The carbon pool consists of trees native to Northern NSW. The Carbon Planet Newsletter was produced by: Carbon Planet Pty Ltd 3/305 North Terrace Adelaide SA 5000 Australia ABN Editor : Vivienne Holloway editor@carbonplanet.com Phone: Fax : To subscribe or unsubscribe, visit Feedback and submissions welcome. Visit the Carbon Planet Web Log (Blog) for the very latest Carbon Planet news and information on global warming, climate change, carbon credits and related topics Carbon Planet is a registered trademark of Carbon Planet Pty Ltd CP Carbon Planet Newsletter, Issue 1, November 2005,
3 Issue 1 November 2005 All About Global Warming Since 1970 the average global mean temperature has risen by 0.6 degrees Celcius. Computer climate models estimate that the average global temperature will rise by 1.4 to 5.8 degrees Celcius by the year Climate Change Climate change is caused by global warming. Climate change is the reason that global warming is so frightening. Even a small rise in temperature will be accompanied by changes in climate in such things as cloud cover, precipitation, wind patterns, and the duration of seasons. The Enhanced Greenhouse Effect Global warming is being caused by the enhanced greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect is a natural phenomenon that is created by greenhouse gases (such as water vapour, carbon dioxide, ozone, and methane) creating a blanket around Earth, creating a filter for harmful radiation from the sun, and trapping sunlight closer to the earth. In its natural state, the greenhouse effect supports life on earth by keeping the temperature at a level that supports life. The greenhouse effect is controlled by the carbon cycle. The carbon cycle is a natural cycle exchanging carbon between the air, the oceans, and land vegetation. The enhanced greenhouse effect is caused by an unnatural buildup of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. It occurs because the carbon cycle is no longer able to balance the increased carbon dioxide emissions produced from the burning of fossil fuels. This leads to a thickening of the greenhouse gas blanket, which consequently traps more heat. This is what is causing global warming. While there are many greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide is responsible for over 60 per cent of the enhanced greenhouse effect. Humans are burning coal, oil, and natural gas at a rate that is much, much faster than the speed at which these fossil fuels were created in 200 years we have almost run through the supply of those fossil fuels that have taken millions of years for the earth to create. This is releasing the carbon stored in the fuels into the atmosphere and upsetting the carbon cycle. Over the past century the global atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide has risen by over a third. The Impacts Global warming will affect every member of every species on the planet. No human, bird, tree, flower, insect will be unscathed by its impacts. The social, economic and environmental impacts of climate change are already in evidence; think tsunami, flooding, disease, drought El Ninio or climate change? Over the next fifty years with CO 2 levels rising rapidly, the cost of these impacts can only increase at an alarming rate. Unless widespread change occurs soon, the world will become a very different place. Over the next few issues we will discuss the impacts of climate change already in evidence. Carbon Credits Carbon Credits, an outcome of the Kyoto Protocol, empower individuals to remove their impact on the greenhouse effect. Each carbon credit certifies that one tonne of Carbon Dioxide is removed from the atmosphere so that it can no longer impact on the greenhouse effect. Read more about carbon credits in the following articles. Climate Change: Since 1970 the average global mean temperature has risen by 0.6 degrees Celcius. Image courtesy of the Australian Bureau of Meteorology, copyright Commonwealth of Australia, reproduced by permission. Carbon Planet Newsletter, Issue 1, November CP3
4 CarbonPlanet Newsletter Carbon Credits Carbon Credits and Trees and trees Trees can be used to create carbon credits due to the ability of trees to remove carbon dioxide from the air and store it within the plant (sequestration). Everybody knows that trees suck carbon dioxide out of the air, but how exactly do they do it? And how do they store it? Trees create food for themselves through a process called photosynthesis. During photosynthesis carbon dioxide is absorbed through the leaves on the tree. Trees use this carbon dioxide to grow and survive. Some of this carbon dioxide is stored in the tree wood and some is stored in the leaves and roots. When the leaves and roots die, they are decomposed by microorganisms (decaying), resulting in the release of CO 2 to the atmosphere (see diagram). atmosphere and incorporated into the plant, whilst at the same time carbon is released back to the atmosphere from the decomposition of litter and soil organic matter. The amount of carbon dioxide sequestered by a forest during a given period (and the number of carbon credits that can be created) is the balance between the amount of CO 2 absorbed through photosynthesis, and that released by respiration. By modelling and measuring the amount of carbon dioxide sequestered by a forest, foresters and their auditers can determine the number of carbon credits that can be issued. Resources: O Brien, N. (2005) Carbon storage in forests, Bush Telegraph, Winter, Forests NSW. Nick O Brien is a carbon accountant for Forests NSW. Carbon storage in forests is part of a natural cycle called the carbon cycle whereby some carbon is removed from the How trees absorb carbon dioxide Through the natural processes of photosynthesis, respiration, and decay, plants and trees help to correct the enhanced greenhouse effect. Image Courtesy of Forests NSW Image Library CP4 Carbon Planet Newsletter, Issue 1, November, 2005,
5 Issue 1 November 2005 Carbon Planet Selling the World s First Tree Sequestration Certificates Carbon Planet purchased some of the first forest-created carbon credits produced in a greenhouse abatement scheme. Carbon Planet s carbon credits come from the Forests NSW carbon pool. Forests NSW recently became the first body in the world to trade carbon credits arising from forests in a greenhouse gas abatement scheme. In February this year, Forests NSW was fully accredited as an abatement certificate provider under the New South Wales Greenhouse Gas Abatement Scheme. It has since registered 166,005 certificates, each equivalent to one tonne of carbon dioxide. The certificates represent the carbon sequestered during 2004 from approximately 10,000 hectares of planted hardwood forests. These certificates provide a new form of currency that will allow us to realise the full financial and environmental value of our forests. said Forests NSW chief executive, Peter Duncan. Forests NSW carbon accountant Penny Baalman, said The inclusion of forest sequestration in carbon trading systems is a great outcome for future generations and for the environment. This places a substantial financial value on one of the many environmental benefits that forests provide, and will hopefully result in at least slowing the decrease in the area of forests worldwide. Not only is this good from a greenhouse perspective, but it will also provide other environmental benefits such as increased biodiversity and the mitigation of salinity, and make a real contribution to a sustainable future. Source: Spencer, H. (2005), Carbon Trading: Forests NSW leading the way, Bush Telegraph, Winter, Forests NSW. winter05/stories/15.asp Above: Penny Baalman and Nick O Brien, Carbon Accountants for Forests NSW. Below: A photo from the Forests NSW Carbon Pool. In February 2005, Forests NSW sold the world s first certified carbon credits from tree sequestration. These credits are available to private citizens at Images Courtesy of Forests NSW Image Library Carbon Planet Newsletter, Issue 1, November 2005, CP5
6 CarbonPlanet Newsletter News from Carbon Planet Eco Living Expo We launched at the Ecoliving Expo in Adelaide in June This was an exciting opportunity to spend some time with environmentally aware citizens and talk about global warming and the impact that private citizens have on the greenhouse effect. Our Marketing Strategist Vivienne and our sales representative Alex at the EcoLiving Expo The Adelaide Festival of Ideas The thinkers of Adelaide met thinkers from around the world at this exciting festival. Carbon Planet was there to spread the word about carbon credits and listen to speakers from around the world debating global warming. Coming Up: The next few months will see improvements to the Carbon Planet webstore with more information and graphics as well as better interactivity with our customers. Be sure to revisit Leave us some feedback, the store is there for you and we would love to hear your thoughts. A customer in our booth at the EcoLiving Expo The Carbon Planet Newsletter is your global warming resource. If you have any comments or ideas for stories please let us know. You can be the change editor@carbonplanet.com Ph: /305 North Terrace Adelaide, 5000 SA Australia CP6 Carbon Planet Newsletter, Issue 1, November 2005,
7 Issue 1 November 2005 In the News Snippets from World Wide News The end of the dispute over global warming data Three studies find that old data misproving global warming came from faulty readings From ABC News Online: Three new research papers debunk earlier research that showed the planet was not warming up. In 1990, study of data collected by the University of Alabama satellite found that the atmosphere s low-level troposphere was not warming in line with computer modelling predictions. The study has been used ever since by global warming sceptics. But now a correct reading of the data has revealed unequivocally that the planet s atmospheric and surface temperatures are on the rise. The Californian firm that did the new reading, Remote Sensing Systems, has found the University of Alabama satellite was collecting faulty data. Dr David Jones, from the Bureau of Meteorology s National Climate Centre, says one satellite used to collect the data was not properly calibrated. As it turns out one particular satellite, known as Noah 11, a number of years back was spliced slightly incorrectly. There was mistake made in the correction for the time it actually travelled overhead and that s just recently come to light. The correction s been made and now we find the satellite data shows a much more rapid warming and a warming which is very consistent with what we see at the surface. From Key claims against global warming melt away by Karen Barlow for The World Today 12 August 2005 From BBC News UK: For years, experts sought to determine why temperature readings taken from weather balloons did not show the same increases as readings on the ground. Researchers at Yale University in the US say exposed instruments on the balloons may be the problem. Weather balloons are sent up around the world twice a day and older versions of the balloons used temperature probes that were exposed. The result, say the researchers, was higher readings on balloons sent up in daytime because of the exposure to sunlight. After correcting for the problem, the researchers estimate there has been a global temperature increase of 0.2C (0.4F) per decade for the last 30 years. From the article Error may have hidden warming 15 August 2005 Note: The research articles referred to in these stories were published in the journal Science on 12 August 2005 TM TM TM The New GHG pact China, Australia, Japan, India, the US and South Korea recently signed a new pact to develop clean energy technologies From The Independent: The Asia-Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate aims to use new technology to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) from power stations, without the necessity of the mandatory reduction targets set by the current international climate treaty, the Kyoto protocol, which the US and Australia have refused to ratify, claiming it would harm their economies. From The 5-Minute Briefing: America s Kyoto pact with Asia by Michael McCarthy 29 July 2005 From The Guardian: A US-led, six-nation pact to develop clean energy technologies and combat global warming was signed with its members denying it was designed to undermine the Kyoto protocol. The new agreement, announced by the US deputy secretary of state, Robert Zoellick, at an Asia-Pacific security forum in Laos, was to provide practical solutions to excess carbon emissions, he said. The six club members China, Australia, Japan, India, the US and South Korea will cooperate on the development, transfer and sale of clean technologies, to promote the efficient use of fuels. Technology that enables coal to be burned more efficiently and captures carbon dioxide before it reaches the atmosphere is top of the agenda. The US, Australia and China are all big coal users and exporters. There are no targets and timetables for the delivery of any of the pledges and no carbon dioxide reduction targets. From Six-country pact on clean energy not meant to undermine Kyoto by Paul Brown, environment correspondent 29 July 2005 Carbon Planet Newsletter, Issue 1, November 2005, CP7
8 CarbonPlanet Newsletter In the News continued... Hurricane Katrina Hurricane Katrina has focused the world on climate change. When you add the hurricane to the flooding across Central and Eastern Europe in August and again in France on the 6th of September it can become difficult to refer to these weather related disasters as being freak. From swissinfo: Switzerland s top environment official Philippe Roch says Hurricane Katrina and the storms that have hit Europe are a clear indication of global warming. These are typically phenomena described by the models for climate change. So the link is for me personally really evident, Roch said. From an article by Morven McLean Freak weather is indication of global warming 8 September 2005 Global Warming can t, in itself be blamed for Hurricane Katrina, but the heightened destructive capabilites of the hurricane do indicate climate change. from Reuters.co.uk: Experts agree it is impossible to say any one storm is caused by rising temperatures. Numbers of tropical cyclones like hurricanes worldwide are stable at about 90 a year although recent U.S. research shows they may be becoming more intense. Still, the European Commission, the World Bank, some environmentalists, Australia s Greens and even Sweden s king said the disaster, feared to have killed thousands of people in the United States, could be a portent of worse to come. As climate change is happening, we know that the frequency of these disasters will increase as well as the scope, European Commission spokeswoman Barbara Helfferich said. If we let climate change continue like it is continuing, we will have to deal with disasters like that, she said. Recent research by Kerry Emanuel, a leading U.S. hurricane researcher, shows the intensity of hurricanes (the wind speeds and the duration) to have risen by about 70 percent in the past 30 years. Globally a new signal may be emerging in rising intensity, said Tom Knutson, a research meteorologist at the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Higher water temperatures in future may lead to more storms. Hurricanes need temperatures of about 26.5 C (80F) to form. From Doyle, Alister Katrina fuels global warming storm Fri 9 Sep 2005 From The Independent Sir David King, the British Government s chief scientific adviser, has warned that global warming may be responsible for the devastation reaped by Hurricane Katrina. The increased intensity of hurricanes is associated with global warming, We have known since 1987 the intensity of hurricanes is related to surface sea temperature and we know that, over the last 15 to 20 years, surface sea temperatures in these regions have increased by half a degree centigrade. Sir David King on UK Channel 4 News From Andrew Buncombe King: Global warming may be to blame 31 August 2005 To remove your personal impact on Global Warming visit You can be the change To subscribe to the Carbon Planet Newsletter visit Image Courtesy of Forests NSW Photo Library CP8 Carbon Planet Newsletter, Issue 1, November
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