Demand-driven Life Cycle Management of Urban Neighbourhoods

Transcription

1 2nd International Congress on Environmental Planning and Management WG 1 Indicators and concepts for sustainable life in cities, Berlin 7 August, 2007 Demand-driven Life Cycle Management of Urban Neighbourhoods Dipl.-Ing. Claudia Dappen, HafenCity University, Hamburg

2 Structure Research focus Strategic approach Conceptual Approach Life Cycles of Urban Neighbourhoods Monitoring System Perspective 2 Dipl. Ing. Claudia Dappen: Demand-Driven Life Cycle Management of Urban Neighbourhoods

3 Research Focus (1) Urban Neighbourhoods of the 1950 s to 1970 s Large part of the urban housing stock in many European cities Often attractively located in the city Risks: Losing important groups of residents Dwellings and infrastructure need refurbishment Decreasing attractiveness and demand Dwellings, technical and social infrastructure are often no longer adequate to the needs of the remaining or new residents 3 Dipl. Ing. Claudia Dappen: Demand-Driven Life Cycle Management of Urban Neighbourhoods

4 Research Focus (2) Tools to develop urban neighbourhoods - while preserving open land Part of research projects, which follows the 30-ha goal of the German government (REFINA) Intention Developing a range of tools, which municipalities can employ to improve existing urban neighbourhoods rather than using open land Long term stabilisation and qualification of urban neighbourhoods to be part of sustainable cities Reduce costs of infrastructure 4 Dipl. Ing. Claudia Dappen: Demand-Driven Life Cycle Management of Urban Neighbourhoods

5 Strategic Approach Linking urban planning, fiscal, communicative and participatory instruments, developed by an interdisciplinary research-team Cooperation with municipalities of Goettingen and Kiel Kiel Göttingen Developing an integrative, foresighted life cycle management, including a monitoring system based on the life cycle concept 5 Dipl. Ing. Claudia Dappen: Demand-Driven Life Cycle Management of Urban Neighbourhoods

6 Conceptual Approach - Life Cycles of Urban Neighbourhoods Bases on theoretical models of several academic disciplines to describe periodic processes Sociology: Sociological life cycle concepts / household life cycles Economic sciences: Product cycles Real estate economics: Modernisation cycles of buildings 6 Dipl. Ing. Claudia Dappen: Demand-Driven Life Cycle Management of Urban Neighbourhoods

7 Conceptual Approach - Life Cycles of Urban Neighbourhoods Classical Sociological life cycle concepts (Glick 1947 and Herlyn 1990: different stages of family life and mobility) Formation (foundation of a household) Expansion (birth of child/children) => most frequent change of residences (sometimes purchase of property) Completed extension => sometimes moving to a bigger apartment Contraction (children leave the household) => Changes of residences are relatively seldom Empty nesting Dissolution 7 Dipl. Ing. Claudia Dappen: Demand-Driven Life Cycle Management of Urban Neighbourhoods

8 Conceptual Approach - Life Cycles of Urban neighbourhoods Sociological life cycle concepts today s actuality But today diversification of new households in cities (single, childless, single parents, flat-sharing communities, patchwork families ) describing of the mobility of the new households is difficult, due to their heterogeneity housing mobility decisions are frequently related to other biographic upheavals (professional mobility, separation of one partner) increasing housing mobility in later life stages ( empty nests, separation or death of one partner) 8 Dipl. Ing. Claudia Dappen: Demand-Driven Life Cycle Management of Urban Neighbourhoods

9 Conceptual Approach - Life Cycles of Urban neighbourhoods Economic Life Cycles (Product cycles) Products passes through typical phases Entrance Growth Maturity Regression 9 Dipl. Ing. Claudia Dappen: Demand-Driven Life Cycle Management of Urban Neighbourhoods

10 Conceptual Approach - Life Cycles of Urban neighbourhoods Modernisation and utilisation cycles of buildings Aging of buildings and infrastructure 3. Decline - Sale - Rededication - Demolition 1. Development -Conception - Planning - Construction 2. Utilisation - Maintenance -Investment - Marginal Modernisation 10 Dipl. Ing. Claudia Dappen: Demand-Driven Life Cycle Management of Urban Neighbourhoods

11 Conceptual Approach Life Cycle of a neighbourhood new capital Investments Sale -> Demolition Development Temporary Utilisation Vacancy Utilisation Abandonment Maintenance Demolition of dispensable outbuildings, new heating, measures to save energy etc. of utilisation marginal Modernisation Utilisation 11 Dipl. Ing. Claudia Dappen: Demand-Driven Life Cycle Management of Urban Neighbourhoods

12 Conceptual Approach Monitoring tool Intention To Identify changes at an early stage, before deterioration and social developments become problematic Monitoring tool forms the information basis Developing the monitoring tool (Indicators and Organisation) 1. Developing key indicators to describe the life cycle stage Test the indicators in two neighbourhoods of Göttingen and Kiel (collecting, viewing and analysing) 2. Developing the monitoring organisation Test the monitoring organisation in the municipalities 12 Dipl. Ing. Claudia Dappen: Demand-Driven Life Cycle Management of Urban Neighbourhoods

13 Conceptual Approach - Monitoring tool Key indicators to describe the life cycle stage Sociological life-cycles (household life-cycles) Age structure Structure of the households (percentage of households with children) Duration of occupancy Economic Life Cycles (Product cycles) Fluctuation rate Percentage of people drawing income from public sources Percentage of immigrants Vacancy (housing companies) Rental costs (housing companies) Real estate economics (Modernisation cycles of buildings) Maintenance investment (housing companies) Last Modernisation (housing companies or inspection) Condition of the houses (housing companies or inspection) 13 Dipl. Ing. Claudia Dappen: Demand-Driven Life Cycle Management of Urban Neighbourhoods

14 Conceptual Approach - Monitoring tool The example of Göttingen and Kiel 14 Dipl. Ing. Claudia Dappen: Demand-Driven Life Cycle Management of Urban Neighbourhoods

15 Conceptual Approach - Monitoring tool Key indicators: Diagrams and GIS-maps (example: development of the age structure) Göttingen-Leineberg ageing population, but also beginning alternation of generations Kiel-Suchsdorf Ageing population and only in two blocks alternation of generations Leineberg Population (age-classes ) Suchsdorf Population (age-classes ) proportion % 70,0 60,0 50,0 40,0 30,0 20,0 10,0 0, year proportion % 70,0 60,0 50,0 40,0 30,0 20,0 10,0 0, year <6 6-<18 18-<65 > <06 06-<18 18-<65 65 u.ä. 15 Dipl. Ing. Claudia Dappen: Demand-Driven Life Cycle Management of Urban Neighbourhoods

16 Conceptual Approach - Monitoring tool 3. Test of the monitoring tool in two neighbourhoods (2) Diagrams and GIS-charts Göttingen-Leineberg Quartier Leineberg - Bevölkerung nach Altersgruppen ( ) in a few houses ageing population, in the most areas beginning 70,0 alternation of generations 60,0 high fluctuation, increase of people with low income 50,0 dwellings needs modernisation 30,0 Kiel-Suchsdorf 20,0 Ageing population and only in two blocks alternation of generations and increase of people 10,0 with low income high residential satisfaction of inhabitants 0,0 dwellings in mean condition A nteil in % 40, Jahr 0-<6 Jahre 6-<18 Jahre 18-<65 Jahre 65 Jahre u.ä. 16 Dipl. Ing. Claudia Dappen: Demand-Driven Life Cycle Management of Urban Neighbourhoods

17 Entwicklung der Altersstruktur Anteil über 65jähriger und älter 17 Dipl. Ing. Claudia Dappen: Demand-Driven Life Cycle Management of Urban Neighbourhoods

18 Conceptual Approach - Monitoring tool Key indicators: Analyse data - conclusion Göttingen-Leineberg high fluctuation increase of people with low income dwellings needs modernisation Kiel-Suchsdorf high residential satisfaction of inhabitants, high fluctuation only in two blocks Most areas of the neighbourhood are in for alternation of generation increase of people with low income dwellings in mean condition Both neighbourhoods shows signs of a late utilisation phase! 18 Dipl. Ing. Claudia Dappen: Demand-Driven Life Cycle Management of Urban Neighbourhoods

19 Conceptual Approach - Monitoring tool - Organisation First step collect and analyse data of the last years in order to describe the development from statistical block data and from the housing companies from inspection Lead management: e.g. town planning member of the statistical department member of the housing department member of the department of town planning Periodical steps collect and analyse data regularly Inspection (every 2-3 years) Result: propose neighbourhoods, in which further steps are reasonable Discussion and selection discussion of the results selection of neighbourhoods for further steps developing the further steps periodically developing of indicators and the communication with the housing companies Lead management in coordination with other departments Commission of monitoring Members of the departments with members of the political commitees and members of the housing companies 19 Dipl. Ing. Claudia Dappen: Demand-Driven Life Cycle Management of Urban Neighbourhoods

20 Conceptual Approach - Monitoring tool Perspective Test the monitoring organisation in the municipalities Next steps Discuss the monitoring concept with the members of the authorities of Göttingen and Kiel Try to implement the tool for other neighbourhoods Try to adapt it to the new GIS-System in Göttingen and to the housing demand concept in Kiel 20 Dipl. Ing. Claudia Dappen: Demand-Driven Life Cycle Management of Urban Neighbourhoods

21 Thank you very much for your attention! 21 Dipl. Ing. Claudia Dappen: Demand-Driven Life Cycle Management of Urban Neighbourhoods