Thoughts on Richter et al. presentation. David Parrish - NOAA ESRL
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1 Thoughts on Richter et al. presentation David Parrish - NOAA ESRL Analysis of satellite data moving from pretty pictures to quantitative results. Richter et al. represents one of at least 5 groups pursuing such analyses: U. Bremen, U. Heidelberg, Harvard U., Dutch group, JPL. May be others. Many satellite instruments with different capabilities: GOME, SCIAMACHY, OMI, MOPPITT, AIRS, TES, others(?)
2 Institute of Environmental Physics and Remote Sensing IUP/IFE-UB Department 1 Physics/Electrical Engineering Constraining Emissions of NO x, SO 2 and VOC with satellite measurements from GOME and SCIAMACHY Andreas Richter F. Wittrock, A. Heckel, and J. P. Burrows Institute of Environmental Physics and Institute of Remote Sensing University of Bremen
3 Introduction Instrumentation GOME (full global coverage July 1995 June 2003, limited afterwards) SCIAMACHY (August 2002 today) UV/visible nadir viewing instruments data retrieval through DOAS (Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy) moderate spatial resolution (GOME: 320 x 40 km 2, SCIAMACHY: 30 x 60 km 2 ) data products include tropospheric columns of NO 2, SO 2, HCHO, CHOCHO 3
4 Example: SCIAMACHY Tropospheric NO 2 pollution biomass burning 4
5 SCIAMACHY NO 2 : Shipping Emissions Ship emissions: large source of NO x, SO x and aerosols relevant input into marine boundary layer With estimate of NO 2 lifetime, NO x emissions can be estimated => agreement within error bars. But: error bars still large (mainly from lifetime) A. Richter et al., Satellite Measurements of NO2 from International Shipping Emissions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L23110, doi: /2004gl020822, 2004 well defined NO 2 - patterns in Red Sea and Indian Ocean in SCIAMACHY data consistent with pattern of shipping emissions 5
6 GOME NO 2 : Temporal Evolution GOME annual changes in tropospheric NO 2 7 years of GOME data DOAS retrieval + CTM-stratospheric correction seasonal and local AMF based on 1997 MOART-2 run cloud screening NO2 reductions in Europe and parts of the US strong increase over China consistent with significant NO x emission changes A. Richter et al., Increase in tropospheric nitrogen dioxide over China observed from space, Nature,
7 GOME & SCIA NO2: US Power Plant Denoxification GOME NO 2 timeseries shows nonsignificant trend in USA after 2000, clear decrease (> 30%) in NO 2 in Ohio-valley area no change in urban areas size and geographical pattern consistent with model simulations 7
8 GOME & SCIA NO 2 : US Power Plant Denoxification NO 2 columns in summer over the US measurement and WRF model run SCIAMACHY updated base emissions Kim et al., Satellite-Observed US Power Plant NOX Emission Reductions and Their Impact on Air Quality, GRL, in press 8
9 GOME HCHO: Comparison to Model LMDz-data S. Szopa, D. Hauglustaine, CEA France global data averaged over 4 years GOME data normalised overall pattern agrees model overestimates columns larger measured columns over oceans (=> sources? life time?) 9
10 GOME HCHO: Comparison to Model HCHO columns dominated by biogenic emissions of isoprenes biomass burning also contributes only largest anthropogenic sources relevant good agreement in some areas magnitude disagrees over South America seasonality wrong in parts of Africa F. Wittrock,
11 Glyoxal (CHOCHO) Measurements by SCIAMACHY F. Wittrock et al., Simultaneous Global observations of Glyoxal and Formaldehyde from space, Geophys. Res. Lett.,, 33, L16804, doi: /2006gl026310,
12 SCIAMACHY SO 2 measurements SAA pollution volcanic emissions 12
13 SCIAMACHY SO 2 : Volcanic Emissions 13
14 SCIAMACHY SO 2 : Volcanic Emissions 14
15 SCIAMACHY SO 2 : Pollution 15
16 SCIAMACHY SO 2 :Pollution SAA 16
17 SCIAMACHY SO 2 : Fire in Sulphur Plant LARGE SO 2 plume over Middle East in June / July 2003 Fire in a sulphur plant in Qayyarah, Iraq No matching NO 2 plume! 17
18 Comparison of GOME and SCIAMACHY SO 2 I SCIAMACHY SO 2 has overall similar values less stripes more scatter (SAA) much more detail higher values over China slightly reduced columns over Europe and the US? (=> see also work by M. Khokar at IUP Heidelberg) 18
19 Comparison of GOME and SCIAMACHY SO 2 II Detailed comparison: good overall agreement in pattern more fine structure more individual source discernible increase in values over China all values still based on volcanic profile! => underestimation of up to a factor of 2 possible! 19
20 Changes of SO 2 above China GOME and SCIAMACHY NO 2 above China => there is indication for an increase in SO 2 columns above China but: there is much more scatter in the data than for NO 2 there is much more interannual variability than for NO 2 this is a preliminary result! all values still based on volcanic profile! 20
21 Changes of SO 2 above Eastern US indication for a decrease in SO 2 above Eastern US high bias in SCIAMACHY measurements? this is a preliminary result! all values still based on volcanic profile! 21
22 Summary GOME and SCIAMACHY satellite data can provide maps of tropospheric constituents such as NO 2, SO 2, HCHO and glyoxal the satellite maps provide insight into emission regions and transport the long data set also can be used to study trends under certain conditions or with help of model simulations contributions from different emission sources (e.g. ships, soils, lightning, biomassburning) can be separated 22
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