Drupal Performance Tuning

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1 Drupal Performance Tuning By Jeremy Zerr Website:

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3 Overview Basics of Web App Systems Architecture General Web Software Optimization Strategies Defining a Goal for Performance Performance Metrics Performance Debugging Techniques What Can You Control? What Is Caching? Optimizing Drupal

4 Web Architecture LAMP on Amazon Web Services

5 General Web App Optimization Strategies Move operations from devices with slower access to devices with faster access Reduce disk I/O Reduce bandwidth Use memory more efficiently Increase parallelism Reducing CPU

6 Defining a Goal for Performance Performance optimization can become an endless task without a goal What is your goal? Page load time (4 seconds for blogs) Requests/sec Response time Performance metrics come first!

7 PERFORMANCE METRICS

8 Google Analytics Site Speed

9 Google Page Speed Chrome Extension

10 YSlow in Firebug for Firefox

11 Linux ab command

12 Linux top command

13 Linux vmstat command

14 Performance Debugging Techniques Firebug (plugin for Firefox) Drupal Devel module PHP time wrappers (microtime() function) Look at other web sites

15 Firebug Live Demo Initial page load vs. loading assets What is Blocking? What is Waiting?

16 Drupal Devel Module Live Demo Devel Settings Page Load

17 What Can you Control? Shared Hosting vs. VPS or Dedicated Server Shared server allows no: Apache configuration MySQL configuration Memcached/APC for utilizing local memory Consistent resources Easy upgrade path Despite these limitations, you still have a lot of options even if on Shared Hosting

18 What is Caching? Saving the results of computation to reuse at a later date which saves time Moving from slow disks to local memory Reduce number of database queries Reduce number of files to serve Both server-side caching, and client-side caching Disadvantages: stale data, duplication of data

19 Drupal Performance Tuning Tuning strategies presented in the typical priority that you should look at them. Biggest improvement at lowest cost (time or money) First Shared Hosting Then VPS/Dedicated Server-only

20 Shared Hosting Optimizations

21 Page Caching Output of many database queries that are rendered into HTML to create an entire page are saved as an entire object in cache. Only works for Anonymous users Configure at Configuration Development Performance

22 Aggregate and Compress CSS Files Parallelism is limited by web browser and web server. Reducing number and size of files improves performance Configure at Configuration Development Performance

23 Aggregate/Compress Javascript Files Parallelism is limited by web browser and web server. Reducing number of files improves performance Configure Aggregation at Configuration Development Performance Compression has to be done outside of Drupal, recommend YUI Compressor or Google Closure compiler

24 Turn Views Caching On To address performance for Authenticated Users, look at enabling Views caching Set the time lengths for fine tuning your caching strategy Found under Advanced section when Editing a View

25 Turn Block Caching On Another way to address performance for Authenticated Users Modules can define whether blocks can be cached by user, by role Configure at Configuration Development Performance

26 Disable Modules Not Used Reduces the chain of hooks that need to be followed This further reduces database queries, CSS and Javascript files Can you do it another way with core Drupal?

27 Move Static Files to a CDN Moving static files (images, videos, CSS, Javascript) to another server Reduces disk I/O and requests handled by web server Increases parallelism due to client-side limit Link: Drupal AmazonS3 module Link: Drupal Video module

28 Move Static Files to a CDN

29 Implement Caching in Your Own Modules Within your own modules, you can create your own database cache tables Allows you to control what is cached and how long it is kept Link: Beginner s Guide to Caching Data in Drupal 7

30 Check That Your Modules Use DB Indexes Properly Look for database queries that take a long time when looking at Devel module output Run those queries in MySQL using EXPLAIN and see if your Indexes are built properly

31 Reduce Image Sizes and Number of Images Just like CSS and Javascript aggregation, always good idea to reduce number and sizes of images Compression Repeating backgrounds CSS Image Sprites Link: PNG Optimization Link: CSS Image Sprites

32 VPS/DEDICATED SERVER-ONLY PERFORMANCE OPTIMIZATIONS

33 Apache MaxClients Setting Determines how many requests you can handle in parallel Must factor in max memory usage of each page that you can get using Devel Server Memory * 90% > MaxClients * Max Page Memory + Memory From Other Processes

34 Enable MySQL Query Caching Great for saving small queries run on database tables that never or rarely change Doesn t eliminate, just comes out of memory Even just 8MB or 16MB of memory will do wonders Link: MySQL Query Cache

35 Use A Memcached Server for Caching An in-memory cache used to move requests from disks to memory Drupal cache tables run from Memcached instead of cache database table. Can be done on a by-bin basis

36 Use A Memcached Server for Caching

37 Allocate More Local Memory for MySQL Queries can run in memory instead of in temporary tables on disk Indexes stored in memory are faster

38 Enable APC (Alternative PHP Cache) Instead of PHP being interpreted every time, stores intermediate code (opcodes) in memory Each site can take up 16M or more Link: APC, the Alternative PHP Cache

39 Spend Some $$$ Separate MySQL server from Web Server Increase RAM Load Balance two web servers Buy a separate Memcached server Use Varnish or Squid (HTTP accelerators)

40 Amazon Web Services < $150/mo Link to this Amazon Web Services Build

41 Questions?