Research & Challenges for Smart Cities

Transcription

1 Research & Challenges for Smart Cities RadioNetworks, DEI, This contents of this presentation are generated through the support of the FP7 NoE Newcom#

2 Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna Founded in 1098 In the hearth of Europe over 40 Km of porbcos 2

3 Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna Founded in 1098 In the hearth of Europe over 40 Km of porbcos One of the most stupid cibes in Europe 3

4 RadioNetworks Roberto Verdone Full Professor Silvia Zampese Secretary Giorgia Bertozzi Project Manager / EA Alberto Zanella Senior researcher Chiara BuraQ Assistant Professor PhD students Francesco PanBsano, Flavia Martelli, Ramona Rosini, Danilo Abrignani, Riccardo Cavallari, Andrea Stajkic, Stefan Mijovic, MarBna Barbi 4

5 RadioNetworks Funded by EC / other InternaBonal Bodies / IndusBes FP7 NEWCOM# (Network of Excellence) FP7 - COST IC1004 (COST AcBon) FP7 WiserBAN (IP) Industry contract with Smail, IT Industry contract with Intel, IR Industry contract with CEA- LETI, FR Industry contract with NIST, US Bilateral cooperabon with CWC, University of Oulu, FL 5

6 The Talk is Split into Three Parts Part One From Smart LighBng to Smart City ApplicaBons Part Two Test Beds Part Three Research Challenges 6

7 Part One From Smart LighBng to Smart City ApplicaBons 7

8 Outline 1. Smart City 2. Self Sustainability Who Pays? 3. A Lamp Post MulB Service Network 4. PorBcos in Bologna 8

9 1. Smart City 9

10 Smart City: components Smart City : one of the keywords of the next two decades. Smart CiBes are made of several components, aimed at improving the quality of life of cibzens, while reducing the cost of governance and the impact on the environment. These components among others involve transportabon systems, buildings, energy, gas and water distribubon networks. People and objects will be connected through a unique heterogeneous inter- net. 10

11 Smart City: actors CiBes Regional Networks Industries UniversiBes Civil Society availability of infrastructures globalisabon plagorms, technologies research, innovabon services Source: 11

12 Smart City: services For the CiBzen elder people vehicular and pedestrian traffic urban spaces For the Townhall / UBliBes garbage collecbon energy bill For the Environment natural resources (gas, water, energy, ) pollubon control Source: personal contacts / projects with CiBes of Lisbon, Barcelona, Dublin, Santander 12

13 Smart City: public lighbng systems Dynamic LighBng Not in urban environments 13

14 Smart City: public lighbng systems Responsible for 50% of energy bill PotenBal reducbon of consumpbon: 20-40% Lamp Posts equipped with sensors, actuators, connecbvity solar arbficial Lamp post Night hours Ground luminosity Time evolubon 14

15 Smart City: connecbvity Wireless AddiBonal services below the lamp post Smart LighBng System, Stupid Lamp Post Internet Monitoring and control 3G/4G gateway 15

16 Smart City: the lamp post A lamp post is not a lamp post is not a lamp post High Powers High Costs investment maintenance ReducBon of energy consumpbon Breakeven aner 5-10 years 16

17 Smart City: costs 20 Eur / cibzen 17

18 Smart City: what services? There is real progress only when the advantages brought by a new technology are for all Henry Ford 18

19 Smart City: what services? For the CiBzen elder people vehicular and pedestrian traffic urban spaces For the Townhall / UBliBes garbage collecbon energy bill For the Environment natural resources (gas, water, energy, ) pollubon control 19

20 2. Self Sustainability Who Pays? 20

21 Self Sustainability Who Pays? By exclusion CiBes Regional Networks Industries UniversiBes Civil Society Shoppers CiBzens UBliBes for the addibonal services (but none is financially worth!) 21

22 Self Sustainability Who Pays? Service IntegraBon For the CiBzen For the Townhall / UBliBes For the Environment 22

23 Self Sustainability Who Pays? Service IntegraBon There is no Smart City applicabon that can be self sustainable individually 23

24 Self Sustainability Who Pays? PotenBal The potenbal of a capillary radio network distributed over the lamp posts of a city is enormous! 24

25 3. A Lamp Post MulB Service Network 25

26 A Lamp Post MulB Service Network: architecture Devices on Lamp Posts External Devices MulB Hop Wireless Network 3G/4G Gateways Internet Monitoring and control 3G/4G gateway 26

27 A Lamp Post MulB Service Network: devices Lamp Post device luminosity sensors current sensor microprocessor dimmer radio transceiver Sensore di Luce Sensore di Luce 4 cavi Distanza 1 m circa Interfaccia Radio IEEE TI Microprocessore TI 8051 Dimmer Antenna Sensore di Corrente External device microprocessor radio transceiver few buqons 27

28 A Lamp Post MulB Service Network: services Luminosity control Lamp monitoring Centralised management Emergency (the city one click away ) Tracking of elder people 28

29 Alma Mater Studiorum A Lamp Post MulB Service Network: testbed 29

30 A Lamp Post MulB Service Network: control 30

31 A Lamp Post MulB Service Network: energy savings 47 % Distributed processing Centralised processing 5 % 31

32 4. PorBcos in Bologna Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna 32

33 PorBcos in Bologna: smart and beaubful smart city and cultural heritage 33

34 PorBcos in Bologna: the role of arbficial light 34

35 PorBcos in Bologna: a very complex scenario 42 Km of porbcos Estreme heterogeneity Sodium vapor lamps à LEDs 60% energy reducbon 35

36 PorBcos in Bologna: three cases Via Piella Via dell Archiginnasio Via Saragozza 36

37 PorBcos in Bologna: three cases Via Piella Corpi illuminanb a «boe galleggianb» 37

38 PorBcos in Bologna: three cases Via Saragozza 38

39 PorBcos in Bologna: services Luminosity control Lamp monitoring Centralised management Emergency (the city one click away ) Tracking of elder people AdverBsements TourisBc informabon People counbng 39

40 PorBcos in Bologna: a mulbmedia mulb service network Internet 3G/4G Monitoring/Control Center Zigbee Network Zigbee Network PorBco PorBco 40

41 The project is self sustainable financially 41

42 You can do that! Gene Wilder, Frankestein Junior 42

43 Conclusions, or beqer, dreams There is no Smart City applicabon that can be developed individually The public lighbng infrastructure plays a fundamental role The city one click away, for all 43

44 I have a dream today Mar6n Luther King, 28 agosto

45 Part Three Research Challenges 45

46 QuesBons 46

47 Part Three Research Challenges 47

48 Outline 1. Heterogeneous Networks 2. M2M, IoT Network Architectures 3. Research Hints 48

49 1. Heterogeneous Networks 49

50 Heterogeneous Networks: 4G hetnets Heterogeneity in radio networks: 1) Heterogeneous applicabon types 2) Heterogeneous air interfaces 3) Heterogeneous devices macro 4G Hetnets are not heterogeneous! small 50

51 Heterogeneous Networks: short range, small cells, Smart CiBes WILL be heterogeneous Femto enodeb 4G Gateway 4G Macro Lamp Post WiFi AP 4G UE M2M Device 51

52 2. M2M, IoT, Network Architectures 52

53 M2M, IoT, : IP? Internet of (Urban) Things IPv6 à CoAP, 6lowPAN, ROLL however most of urban things do not need to be directly addressed Source: forum.eu 53

54 M2M, IoT, : Cellular M2M? Machines connected directly to cellular networks 4G however most of them send few bytes, very rarely 54

55 M2M, IoT, : layered network architectures 55

56 3. Research Hints 56

57 Research Hints: In Network Data Processing Distributed Processing Internet Monitoring and control 3G/4G gateway 57

58 Research Hints: Self- Organised RRA Joint Design of Network Aspects at the different air interfaces Self- OrganisaBon (Self ConfiguraBon, Healing, OpBmisaBon) Interference Management Techniques Internet Monitoring and control 3G/4G gateway 58

59 Research Hints: DTN Approaches Delay Tolerant Networking Approaches Device to Device (D2D) CommunicaBons Joint Sociality and Mobility Modelling Mobile Clouds Internet Monitoring and control 3G/4G gateway 59

60 Research Hints: Device Clustering Devices grouped in autonomous clusters elect one master and act as slaves Internet Monitoring and control 3G/4G gateway 60

61 Research Hints: Joint MAC and RouBng Design Linear Network Topologies S R 1 R 2 R 3 R n D x 0 x 1 x n x Internet Monitoring and control 3G/4G gateway 61

62 Research Hints: Virtual MIMO Capacity Improvement Internet Monitoring and control 3G/4G gateway 62

63 Research Hints: MulB- Dim. Channel Modelling Space Time CharacterisaBon Internet Monitoring and control 3G/4G gateway 63

64 QuesBons 64

65 Research & Challenges for Smart CiBes Roberto Verdone & Chiara Burad Thank You 65