The Transport Layer. Antonio Carzaniga. October 24, Faculty of Informatics University of Lugano Antonio Carzaniga
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1 The Transport Layer Antonio Carzaniga Faculty of Informatics University of Lugano October 24, 2014
2 Outline Basic concepts in transport-layer protocols Multiplexing/demultiplexing UDP message format Reliable transfer
3 Transport Layer Internet
4 Transport Layer Internet Web browser Web server
5 Transport Layer Internet Web browser Web server
6 Transport Layer Internet Web browser GET / HTTP/1.1 Web server
7 Transport Layer Internet Web browser GET / HTTP/1.1 Web server Primitive communication between applications
8 Type of Service Antonio Carzaniga
9 Type of Service HTTP
10 Type of Service HTTP SMTP
11 Type of Service HTTP SMTP DNS
12 Type of Service HTTP SMTP DNS connection
13 Type of Service HTTP SMTP DNS connection
14 Type of Service HTTP SMTP DNS connection GET / HTTP/1.1...
15 Type of Service HTTP SMTP DNS connection GET / HTTP/ HTTP/
16 Type of Service HTTP SMTP DNS connection GET / HTTP/ HTTP/ GET...
17 Type of Service HTTP SMTP DNS connection GET / HTTP/ HTTP/ GET... HTTP/
18 Type of Service HTTP SMTP DNS connection GET / HTTP/ HTTP/ GET... HTTP/
19 Type of Service HTTP SMTP DNS connection GET / HTTP/ HTTP/ GET... HTTP/ Yo... HELO.. MAIL FROM:... RCPT TO:... QUIT 221 Bye
20 Type of Service HTTP SMTP DNS connection connection GET / HTTP/ HTTP/ GET... HTTP/ Yo... HELO.. MAIL FROM:... RCPT TO:... QUIT 221 Bye
21 Type of Service HTTP SMTP DNS connection connection messages root GET / HTTP/ Yo... HTTP/ GET... HTTP/ HELO.. MAIL FROM:... RCPT TO:... QUIT DNS app..ch unisi.ch 221 Bye
22 Type of Service HTTP SMTP DNS connection connection messages root GET / HTTP/ Yo... HTTP/ GET... HTTP/ HELO.. MAIL FROM:... RCPT TO:... QUIT DNS app..ch unisi.ch 221 Bye
23 Type of Service HTTP SMTP DNS connection connection messages root GET / HTTP/ Yo... HTTP/ GET... HTTP/ HELO.. MAIL FROM:... RCPT TO:... QUIT DNS app..ch unisi.ch 221 Bye
24 Type of Service HTTP SMTP DNS connection connection messages root GET / HTTP/ Yo... HTTP/ GET... HTTP/ HELO.. MAIL FROM:... RCPT TO:... QUIT DNS app..ch unisi.ch 221 Bye
25 Type of Service HTTP SMTP DNS connection connection messages root GET / HTTP/ Yo... HTTP/ GET... HTTP/ HELO.. MAIL FROM:... RCPT TO:... QUIT DNS app..ch unisi.ch 221 Bye
26 Type of Service HTTP SMTP DNS connection connection messages root GET / HTTP/ Yo... HTTP/ GET... HTTP/ HELO.. MAIL FROM:... RCPT TO:... QUIT DNS app..ch unisi.ch 221 Bye
27 Type of Service HTTP SMTP DNS connection connection messages root GET / HTTP/ Yo... HTTP/ GET... HTTP/ HELO.. MAIL FROM:... RCPT TO:... QUIT DNS app..ch unisi.ch 221 Bye
28 Type of Service HTTP SMTP DNS connection connection messages root GET / HTTP/ Yo... HTTP/ GET... HTTP/ HELO.. MAIL FROM:... RCPT TO:... QUIT DNS app..ch unisi.ch 221 Bye
29 Transport Layer in the Internet Antonio Carzaniga
30 Transport Layer in the Internet Transport Control Protocol (TCP) conntection-oriented (i.e., connections )
31 Transport Layer in the Internet Transport Control Protocol (TCP) conntection-oriented (i.e., connections ) User Datagram Protocol (UDP) connectionless (i.e., messages )
32 Transport Layer in the Internet Transport Control Protocol (TCP) conntection-oriented (i.e., connections ) User Datagram Protocol (UDP) connectionless (i.e., messages ) Terminology transport-layer packets are called segments
33 Transport Layer in the Internet Transport Control Protocol (TCP) conntection-oriented (i.e., connections ) User Datagram Protocol (UDP) connectionless (i.e., messages ) Terminology transport-layer packets are called segments Basic assumptions on the underlying network layer
34 Transport Layer in the Internet Transport Control Protocol (TCP) conntection-oriented (i.e., connections ) User Datagram Protocol (UDP) connectionless (i.e., messages ) Terminology transport-layer packets are called segments Basic assumptions on the underlying network layer every host has one unique IP address
35 Transport Layer in the Internet Transport Control Protocol (TCP) conntection-oriented (i.e., connections ) User Datagram Protocol (UDP) connectionless (i.e., messages ) Terminology transport-layer packets are called segments Basic assumptions on the underlying network layer every host has one unique IP address best-effort delivery service no guarantees on the integrity of segments no guarantees on the order in which segments are delivered
36 Transport-Layer Value-Added Service Antonio Carzaniga
37 Transport-Layer Value-Added Service Transport-layer multiplexing/demultiplexing i.e., connecting applications as opposed to hosts
38 Transport-Layer Value-Added Service Transport-layer multiplexing/demultiplexing i.e., connecting applications as opposed to hosts Reliable data transfer i.e., integrity and possibly ordered delivery
39 Transport-Layer Value-Added Service Transport-layer multiplexing/demultiplexing i.e., connecting applications as opposed to hosts Reliable data transfer i.e., integrity and possibly ordered delivery Connections i.e., streams can be seen as the same as ordered delivery
40 Transport-Layer Value-Added Service Transport-layer multiplexing/demultiplexing i.e., connecting applications as opposed to hosts Reliable data transfer i.e., integrity and possibly ordered delivery Connections i.e., streams can be seen as the same as ordered delivery Congestion control i.e., end-to-end traffic (admission) control so as to avoid destructive congestions within the network
41 Multiplexing/Demultiplexing Internet
42 Multiplexing/Demultiplexing Internet Web browser GET / HTTP/1.1 Web server
43 Multiplexing/Demultiplexing Internet Web browser client GET / HELO... HTTP/1.1 Web server server
44 Multiplexing/Demultiplexing GET Web browser Web browser client GET / HELO... Internet /index.html HTTP/1.1 HTTP/1.1 Web server server
45 Multiplexing/Demultiplexing GET Web browser Web browser client GET / HELO... Internet /index.html HTTP/1.1 HTTP/1.1 Web server server How do we distinguish all these connections?
46 Ports Antonio Carzaniga
47 Ports Each application running on a host is identified (within that host) by a unique port number port numbers are simply cross-platform process identifiers
48 Ports Each application running on a host is identified (within that host) by a unique port number port numbers are simply cross-platform process identifiers How do we identify a connection?
49 Ports Each application running on a host is identified (within that host) by a unique port number port numbers are simply cross-platform process identifiers How do we identify a connection? two pairs of host and application identifiers i.e., two pairs (IP-address, port)
50 Ports Each application running on a host is identified (within that host) by a unique port number port numbers are simply cross-platform process identifiers How do we identify a connection? two pairs of host and application identifiers i.e., two pairs (IP-address, port) How do we find out which application (host and port number) to connect to?
51 Ports Each application running on a host is identified (within that host) by a unique port number port numbers are simply cross-platform process identifiers How do we identify a connection? two pairs of host and application identifiers i.e., two pairs (IP-address, port) How do we find out which application (host and port number) to connect to? outside the scope of the definition of the transport layer but of course we can have well-known service numbers
52 Ports Antonio Carzaniga
53 Ports The message format of both UDP and TCP starts with the source and destination port numbers source port destination port
54 Ports The message format of both UDP and TCP starts with the source and destination port numbers source port destination port E.g., src port 1234 dst port 80 A B
55 Ports The message format of both UDP and TCP starts with the source and destination port numbers source port destination port E.g., src port 1234 dst port 80 A B src port dst port
56 Ports The message format of both UDP and TCP starts with the source and destination port numbers source port destination port E.g., src port 1234 dst port 80 A B 80 src port 1234 dst port
57 UDP Packet Format Antonio Carzaniga
58 UDP Packet Format The UDP message format is very simple source port length destination port checksum application data (message)
59 UDP Features Antonio Carzaniga
60 UDP Features UDP provides only the two most basic functionalities of a transport protocol
61 UDP Features UDP provides only the two most basic functionalities of a transport protocol application identification (multiplexing/demultiplexing)
62 UDP Features UDP provides only the two most basic functionalities of a transport protocol application identification (multiplexing/demultiplexing) integrity check by means of a CRC-type checksum
63 UDP Features UDP provides only the two most basic functionalities of a transport protocol application identification (multiplexing/demultiplexing) integrity check by means of a CRC-type checksum What if there is no application at the other end?
64 UDP Features UDP provides only the two most basic functionalities of a transport protocol application identification (multiplexing/demultiplexing) integrity check by means of a CRC-type checksum What if there is no application at the other end? How is the checksum computed? which parts of the segment does it cover?
65 UDP Features UDP provides only the two most basic functionalities of a transport protocol application identification (multiplexing/demultiplexing) integrity check by means of a CRC-type checksum What if there is no application at the other end? How is the checksum computed? which parts of the segment does it cover? What should happen when the checksum doesn t check?
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