Øredev Web application testing using a proxy. Lucas Nelson, Symantec Inc.

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1 Øredev 2006 Web application testing using a proxy Lucas Nelson, Symantec Inc.

2 Agenda What is a proxy? Setting up your environment Pre-login tests Post-login tests Conclusion

3 A man in the middle proxy The proxy sits between the client and the server Here we can modify all requests and replies to and from the server

4 Advantages More powerful than save-n-edit attacks Proxies are effective on AJAX sites We receive requests after the browser completes JavaScript routines and validation Transparent to both the client and server

5 WebScarab WebScarab is an OpenSource proxy provided by OWASP Project Written in Java with Swing interface

6 Setup How to setup WebScarab

7 WebScarab start page

8 Setting up FireFox

9 Sample Application: Broken Brokerage Demo application written in Java with several common classes of vulnerabilities Simulates a brokerage service with stock trading

10 Pre-Login testing

11 Broken Brokerage Login

12 Pre-Login testing

13 Test: Account Enumeration Check if it is possible to enumerate valid account names using the system Login error messages Forgotten password pages

14 Known bad login Start with a login that will not exist 31337Haxor

15 Attempt valid logins Try a login that does exist Any login you know is valid Admin/Administrator Test

16 Check for differences Any difference between error messages is enough to enumerate logins. Even a missing period! Password recovery tools often tell if the username is known

17 Test: Input validation Check to ensure input validation checks are taking place on the server Use meta characters < > ( ; Common test string <script>alert( XSS );</script>

18 View page source

19 What to look for Note the Admin username we inserted is not in a quoted section If it were we might have to close the quotes in our string. For example: <script>alert( XSS );</script>

20 Cross-site Scripting explained Phishing attacks often use the ability to inject code into a web page. A cookie can represent a logged in session If we can send the cookie to another site then we can hijack a session

21 How to test Edit the request before it is sent to the server Add in a string with JavaScript as a test

22 Setup a regex in WebScarab

23 Input the username testme

24 Change to our test string <script>alert( XSS );</script>

25 The result

26 Stealing the cookie <script>alert(document.coo kie);</script> An attacker could send this cookie to another server as an image name

27 Test: SQL Injection It may be possible to inject code that will run on the database SQL Interpreter Classic example or 1=1; --

28 How to test Use Manual Requests to send injection strings View server replies in WebScarab

29 Manual Request page

30 Encode test string Under tools there is a transcoder

31 Modify a request Insert our encoded string into the username UserName=Admin&Password=test

32 Fetch response

33 The result The results show the attacker has been logged in without a valid password This attack will often result in the attacker being logged in as the first user in the DB, which is commonly the admin account

34 Spider the site Look for functionality that shouldn t be exposed Admin pages Default content for the web server

35 The Spider tool Before

36 The Spider tool After

37 Create user page

38 Post-Login testing

39 Analyze cookies Collect large number of tokens (>1k) Visually analyze for patterns Will likely yield results against homebrew tokens

40 Collection

41 Test regex Only one cookie being returned (JSESSIONID) Regex =.*

42 Capture large number

43 Look for patterns

44 Analysis of JSESSIONID The Java framework provides JSESSIONID There are no patterns to be found in this case

45 Exploit hidden variables Programmers may store sensitive data in hidden variables WebScarab allows inline editing

46 Allow editing of hidden vars

47 What it looks like

48 Results By increasing the shares value we are able to sell stock we don t own

49 Using the fuzzer Create a set of fuzz strings XSS, Format strings, long strings, unusual characters Supply malicious input to program Look for interesting errors or system crashes

50 Adding a fuzz template

51 Create fuzz strings Create a file of strings that could cause issues Here we create a simple test of 200 A s

52 The Fuzzer

53 Add your sources

54 The result

55 Summary Fuzzing is an efficient way to test a large number of inputs It is not as precise as manual testing and should be used in conjunction with other techniques

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