Bio-energy in the Netherlands. Mathieu Dumont

Transcription

1 Bio-energy in the Netherlands Mathieu Dumont

2 Contents Energy situation in the Netherlands Dutch policies on renewable energy Biogas developments Sustainability criteria as a basis for stimulation renewable energy in the future Bioenergy in the Netherlands 5 june 2007 Gelsenkirchen 2

3 Energy situation in the Netherlands Netherlands and Natural gas primairy energy in NL (3100 PJ/a) coal 11% nuclear 1% electricity import 2% rest 2% secondary energy in NL (3100 PJ/a) losses 32% electricity 11% transportation fuels 15% natural gas 48% oil 36% products 11% heat 31% Bioenergy in the Netherlands 5 june 2007 Gelsenkirchen 3

4 Development: emission of green house gases Bioenergy in the Netherlands 5 june 2007 Gelsenkirchen 4

5 Renewable Energy 2,7% total energy use; 6,7% of electricity (2006) PJ biogas combustion cofiring waste heatpump solar wind hydro Bioenergy in the Netherlands 5 june 2007 Gelsenkirchen 5

6 Distribution bio-energy plants (situation oct. 2006) Bioenergy in the Netherlands 5 june 2007 Gelsenkirchen 6

7 Developments in renewable energy production (only electricity) Bioenergy in the Netherlands 5 june 2007 Gelsenkirchen 7

8 Dutch objectives renewable energy Old policy up to 2010: 9% production from used electricity and 10% of total energy usein ,75% Biofuel obligation New policy up to % renewable energy 30% emissie reduction of green house gases (reference 1990) 2% energy saving yearly 5,75% Biofuel obligation Bioenergy in the Netherlands 5 june 2007 Gelsenkirchen 8

9 Stimulation of renewable energy in the Netherlands cooperation government and market Transition approach by discussion platforms: Sustainable Mobility Platform Biobased Raw Materials Platform : main goal 30% replacement of fossil fuels by renewable sources in 2030 New Gas Platform : working group: Green Gas Platform for Chain Efficiency Sustainable Electricity Supply Platform Energy in the Built Environment Platform Bioenergy in the Netherlands 5 june 2007 Gelsenkirchen 9

10 Green Gas: Ambition Green Gas group in energy transition Replacement natural gas in the gasgrid: 20% in 2030 and 50% in 2050; % vergroening 50 % 20 % starttraject (loopt): vergroening van aardgas via kleinschalige productie van biogas (vergisting van mest, gft etc), opwerking naar aardgas en injectie in het aardgasnet (distributienet of RTL) vervolgtraject (>2015): vergroening met biogas wordt aangevuld met grootschalige productie van SNG (vergassing van biomassa) en injectie in het aardgasnet (HTL) toekomsttraject? (>2030): injectie (bijmenging) van waterstof in het aardgasnet (HTL) 0 tijd Figuur 1: Transitietraject voor de geleidelijke vergroening van aardgas Bioenergy in the Netherlands 5 june 2007 Gelsenkirchen 10

11 Biogas developments in the Netherlands 40 operational biogasplants at the end of 2006 (20 MWe, 7 MWe digestion of green household waste) About 60 plants in direct preparation (48MWe), total of 100 end of 2007 Financial support for new initiatives stopped (18 aug. 2006) A new stimulation programme is in preparation with a wider focus on renewable energy, inclusive renewable heat en green gas wtih gasgrid injection. Until 2006 focus was only based on renewable electricity New stimulation programm expected in april Bioenergy in the Netherlands 5 june 2007 Gelsenkirchen 11

12 Present Biogas upgrading projects in the Netherlands; gasupgrading technology is available, experience from landfillgas en sewage sludge digestion Location Method Since Production 2003 m 3 Tilburg Waterwash Nuenen PSA Wijster PSA Collendoorn Membrane Beverwijk Membrane 2006 (160 m 3 /hr) m 3 /y Bioenergy in the Netherlands 5 june 2007 Gelsenkirchen 12

13 Kwaliteitscomponent Conform advies Gastec Grenswaarde eenheid Calorische bovenwaarde 31,6 38,7 MJ/nm 3 Wobbe-index 43,46 44,41 MJ/nm 3 Waterdauwpunt -10(8 bar) O C Temperatuur in te voeden gas 0-20 O C Zwavel (totaal) Anorganisch gebonden zwavel (H 2 S) Mercaptanen Odorantgehalte (THT) Ammoniak Chloorhoudende verbindingen Fluorhoudende verbindingen Waterstofchlorice (HCL) Waterstofcyanide (HCN) Koolmonoxide (CO) Kooldioxice in droge gasnetten (CO 2 ) >10, nom 18< mg/nm 3 mg/nm 3 mg/nm 3 mg/nm 3 mg/nm 3 mg/nm 3 mg/nm 3 ppm ppm Mol% Mol% Gasquality requirements for gasgrid injection in Dutch gaslaw; since nov. 22 th 2006 BTX (benzeen, tolueen, xyleen) 500 ppm Aromatische koolwaterstoffen 1 Mol% Zuurstof in droge gasnetten 0,5 (3) Mol% Waterstof 12 Vol%/nm 3 Methaangetal >80 - stof Technisch vrij - Siloxanen 5 ppm Ruikbaarheid (geodoriseerd biogas) Bioenergy in voldoende the Netherlands 5 june Gelsenkirchen 13

14 Potential for biogas production in the Netherlands Anaerobic Digestion: maximum Animal Manure: 80 Mton -> 1.1 G m3 Organic Wastes: -> 1.4 G m3 Total 2.5 G m3, 5% of all gas Present production 0.1 G m3 Assumption: 40 PJ in 2020 Synthetic Natural Gas from syngas by gasification: - Assumption: 80 PJ in 2020 Bioenergy in the Netherlands 5 june 2007 Gelsenkirchen 14

15 Problems to solve Quality of upgraded biogas natural gas compound Gasgrid entry Green gas certification Balancing the gasgrid Billing systems energy companies Financial support (pilot projects) Bioenergy in the Netherlands 5 june 2007 Gelsenkirchen 15

16 Integral green gas approach Bioenergy in the Netherlands 5 june 2007 Gelsenkirchen 16

17 Sustainability criteria (1) points of departure Set of criteria is a universal framework: Universal, generic framework of criteria, applicable to all biomass and countries No discrimination between biomass produced in the Netherlands and imported biomass Connection with international initiatives and WTO regulations Exception for residual flows with a negligible economic value Bioenergy in the Netherlands 5 june 2007 Gelsenkirchen 17

18 Sustainability criteria (2) points of departure Set of criteria is manageable, verifiable and enforceable: Certification of biomass is needed Testing must be manageable. Only necessary information will be asked for Minimum requirements for 2007, including incentives for higher future performances Where testable indicators are lacking, a reporting procedure is proposed Bioenergy in the Netherlands 5 june 2007 Gelsenkirchen 18

19 Selection of Themes Greenhouse gas balance Competition with food, local energy supply, medicines and construction materials Biodiversity Environment Economic prosperity Well-being Bioenergy in the Netherlands 5 june 2007 Gelsenkirchen 19

20 GREENHOUSE GAS BALANCE Greenhouse gas balance is positive Net emission reduction related to fossil fuels of at least 30% for biofuels and 50-70% for electricity production. Assuming differentiation of policy instruments aiming at better performances Assessment based on specific methodology Whole chain is taken into account (including application); performance depends on fossil reference Bioenergy in the Netherlands 5 june 2007 Gelsenkirchen 20

21 Thanks for your attention info Bioenergy in the Netherlands 5 june 2007 Gelsenkirchen 21